HandmadeHero/project/platform/platform_win32.cpp

/*
	TODO : This is not a final platform layer

	- Saved game locations
	- Getting a handle to our own executable file
	- Asset loading path
	- Threading (launch a thread)
	- Raw Input (support for multiple keyboards)
	- Sleep / timeBeginPeriod
	- ClipCursor() (for multimonitor support)
	- Fullscreen support
	- WM_SETCURSOR (control cursor visibility)
	- QueryCancelAutoplay
	- WM_ACTIVATEAPP (for when not active)
	- Blit speed improvemnts (BitBlt)
	- Hardware acceleration ( OpenGL or Direct3D or both )
	- GetKeyboardLayout (for French keyboards, international WASD support)
*/

// Platform Layer headers
#include "platform.hpp"
#include "jsl.hpp" // Using this to get dualsense controllers
#include "win32.hpp"
#include <malloc.h>

// Engine layer headers
#include "engine.hpp"
#include "platform_engine_api.hpp"


// TOOD(Ed): Redo these macros properly later.

#if 1
#define congrats( message ) do {                                               \
	JslSetLightColour( 0, (255 << 16) | (215 << 8) );                          \
	MessageBoxA( 0, message, "Congratulations!", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION ); \
	JslSetLightColour( 0, (255 << 8 ) );                                       \
} while (0)

#define ensure( condition, message ) ensure_impl( condition, message )
inline bool
ensure_impl( bool condition, char const* message ) {
	if ( ! condition ) {
		JslSetLightColour( 0, (255 << 16) );
		MessageBoxA( 0, message, "Ensure Failure", MB_OK | MB_ICONASTERISK );
		JslSetLightColour( 0, ( 255 << 8 ) );
	}
	return condition;
}

#define fatal(message) do {                                         \
	JslSetLightColour( 0, (255 << 16) );                            \
	MessageBoxA( 0, message, "Fatal Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR ); \
	JslSetLightColour( 0, (255 << 8 ) );                            \
} while (0)
#endif

NS_PLATFORM_BEGIN
using namespace win32;

struct OffscreenBuffer
{
	BITMAPINFO Info;
	char       _PAD_[4];
	void*      Memory; // Lets use directly mess with the "pixel's memory buffer"
	s32        Width;
	s32        Height;
	s32        Pitch;
	s32        BytesPerPixel;
};

struct WinDimensions
{
	u32 Width;
	u32 Height;
};

// TODO : This will def need to be looked over.
struct DirectSoundBuffer
{
	LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER SecondaryBuffer;
	s16*                Samples;
	u32                 SecondaryBufferSize;
	u32                 SamplesPerSecond;
	u32                 BytesPerSample;

	DWORD               IsPlaying;
	u32                 RunningSampleIndex;
	u32                 LatencySampleCount;
};


#pragma region Static Data
// TODO(Ed) : This is a global for now.
global bool Running;

// Max controllers for the platform layer and thus for all other layers is 4. (Sanity and xinput limit)
constexpr u32 Max_Controllers = 4;

global WinDimensions   Window_Dimensions;
global OffscreenBuffer Surface_Back_Buffer;

using DirectSoundCreateFn = HRESULT WINAPI (LPGUID lpGuid, LPDIRECTSOUND* ppDS, LPUNKNOWN  pUnkOuter );
global DirectSoundCreateFn* direct_sound_create;

constexpr u64 Tick_To_Millisecond = 1000;
constexpr u64 Tick_To_Microsecond = 1000 * 1000;

global u64 Performance_Counter_Frequency;

// As of 2023 the highest refreshrate on the market is 500 hz. I'll just make this higher if something comes out beyond that...
constexpr u32 Monitor_Refresh_Max_Supported = 500;

// Anything at or below the high performance frame-time is too low latency to sleep against the window's scheduler.
constexpr f32 High_Perf_Frametime_MS = 1000.f / 240.f;

global u32 Monitor_Refresh_Hz     = 60;
global u32 Engine_Refresh_Hz      = Monitor_Refresh_Hz / 2;
global f32 Engine_Frame_Target_MS = 1000.f / scast(f32, Engine_Refresh_Hz);
#pragma endregion Static Data


#if Build_Debug
struct DebugTimeMarker
{
	DWORD PlayCursor;
	DWORD WriteCursor;
};

void debug_file_free_content( Debug_FileContent* content )
{
	if ( content->Data)
	{
		VirtualFree( content->Data, 0, MEM_Release);
		*content = {};
	}
}

Debug_FileContent debug_file_read_content( char const* file_path )
{
	Debug_FileContent result {};

	HANDLE file_handle = CreateFileA( file_path
		, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, 0
		, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0
	);
	if ( file_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
	{
		// TODO(Ed) : Logging
		return result;
	}

	GetFileSizeEx( file_handle, rcast(LARGE_INTEGER*, &result.Size) );
	if ( result.Size == 0 )
	{
		// TODO(Ed) : Logging
		return result;
	}
	result.Data = VirtualAlloc( 0, result.Size, MEM_Commit_Zeroed | MEM_Reserve, Page_Read_Write );

	u32 bytes_read;
	if ( ReadFile( file_handle, result.Data, result.Size, rcast(LPDWORD, &bytes_read), 0 ) == false )
	{
		// TODO(Ed) : Logging
		return {};
	}

	if ( bytes_read != result.Size )
	{
		// TODO : Logging
		return {};
	}

	CloseHandle( file_handle );
	return result;
}

b32 debug_file_write_content( char const* file_path, u32 content_size, void* content_memory )
{
	HANDLE file_handle = CreateFileA( file_path
		, GENERIC_WRITE, 0, 0
		, CREATE_ALWAYS, 0, 0
	);
	if ( file_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
	{
		// TODO : Logging
		return false;
	}

	DWORD bytes_written;
	if ( WriteFile( file_handle, content_memory, content_size, & bytes_written, 0 ) == false )
	{
		// TODO : Logging
		return false;
	}

	CloseHandle( file_handle );
	return true;
}

internal void
debug_draw_vertical( u32 x_pos, u32 top, u32 bottom, u32 color )
{
	u8*
	pixel_byte  = rcast(u8*, Surface_Back_Buffer.Memory);
	pixel_byte += x_pos * Surface_Back_Buffer.BytesPerPixel;
	pixel_byte += top   * Surface_Back_Buffer.Pitch;

	for ( u32 y = top; y < bottom; ++ y )
	{
		u32* pixel = rcast(u32*, pixel_byte);
		*pixel = color;

		pixel_byte += Surface_Back_Buffer.Pitch;
	}
}

inline void
debug_draw_sound_buffer_marker( DirectSoundBuffer* sound_buffer, f32 coefficient
	, u32 pad_x, u32 pad_y
	, u32 top, u32 bottom
	, DWORD value, u32 color )
{
		assert( value < sound_buffer->SecondaryBufferSize );
		u32 x = pad_x + scast(u32, coefficient * scast(f32, value ));
		debug_draw_vertical( x, top, bottom, color );
}

internal void
debug_sync_display( DirectSoundBuffer* sound_buffer
                   , u32 num_markers, DebugTimeMarker* markers
                   , f32 ms_per_frame )
{
	u32 pad_x       = 16;
	u32 pad_y       = 16;
	f32 coefficient = scast(f32, Surface_Back_Buffer.Width) / scast(f32, sound_buffer->SecondaryBufferSize);

	u32 top    = pad_y;
	u32 bottom = Surface_Back_Buffer.Height - pad_y;

	for ( u32 marker_index = 0; marker_index < num_markers; ++ marker_index )
	{
		DebugTimeMarker* marker = & markers[marker_index];
		debug_draw_sound_buffer_marker( sound_buffer, coefficient, pad_x, pad_y, top, bottom, marker->PlayCursor, 0xFFFFFFFF );
		debug_draw_sound_buffer_marker( sound_buffer, coefficient, pad_x, pad_y, top, bottom, marker->WriteCursor, 0xFFFF0000 );
	}
}
#endif

inline u64
timing_get_wall_clock()
{
	u64 clock;
	QueryPerformanceCounter( rcast( LARGE_INTEGER*, & clock) );
	return clock;
}

inline f32
timing_get_seconds_elapsed( u64 start, u64 end )
{
	u64 delta = end - start;
	f32 result = scast(f32, delta) / scast(f32, Performance_Counter_Frequency);
	return result;
}

inline f32
timing_get_ms_elapsed( u64 start, u64 end )
{
	u64 delta  = (end - start) * Tick_To_Millisecond;
	f32 result = scast(f32, delta) / scast(f32, Performance_Counter_Frequency);
	return result;
}

inline f32
timing_get_us_elapsed( u64 start, u64 end )
{
	u64 delta = (end - start) * Tick_To_Microsecond;
	f32 result = scast(f32, delta) / scast(f32, Performance_Counter_Frequency);
	return result;
}

internal void
input_process_digital_btn( engine::DigitalBtn* old_state, engine::DigitalBtn* new_state, u32 raw_btns, u32 btn_flag )
{
#define had_transition() ( old_state->EndedDown == new_state->EndedDown )
	new_state->EndedDown       = (raw_btns & btn_flag) > 0;
	new_state->HalfTransitions = had_transition() ? 1 : 0;
#undef had_transition
}

internal f32
xinput_process_axis_value( s16 value, s16 deadzone_threshold )
{
	f32 result = 0;
	if ( value < -deadzone_threshold )
	{
		result = scast(f32, value + deadzone_threshold) / (32768.0f - scast(f32, deadzone_threshold));
	}
	else if ( value > deadzone_threshold )
	{
		result = scast(f32, value + deadzone_threshold) / (32767.0f - scast(f32, deadzone_threshold));
	}
	return result;
}

internal f32
input_process_axis_value( f32 value, f32 deadzone_threshold )
{
	f32 result = 0;
	if ( value < -deadzone_threshold  )
	{
		result = (value + deadzone_threshold ) / (1.0f - deadzone_threshold );

		if (result < -1.0f)
			result = -1.0f; // Clamp to ensure it doesn't go below -1
	}
	else if ( value > deadzone_threshold )
	{
		result = (value - deadzone_threshold ) / (1.0f - deadzone_threshold );

		if (result > 1.0f)
			result = 1.0f; // Clamp to ensure it doesn't exceed 1
	}
	return result;
}

internal void
poll_input( engine::InputState* input )
{

}

internal void
init_sound(HWND window_handle, DirectSoundBuffer* sound_buffer )
{
	// Load library
	HMODULE sound_library = LoadLibraryA( "dsound.dll" );
	if ( ! ensure(sound_library, "Failed to load direct sound library" ) )
	{
		// TOOD : Diagnostic
		return;
	}

	// Get direct sound object
#pragma warning( push )
#pragma warning( disable: 4191 )
	direct_sound_create = rcast( DirectSoundCreateFn*, GetProcAddress( sound_library, "DirectSoundCreate" ));
	if ( ! ensure( direct_sound_create, "Failed to get direct_sound_create_procedure" ) )
	{
		// TOOD : Diagnostic
		return;
	}
#pragma warning( pop )

	LPDIRECTSOUND direct_sound;
	if ( ! SUCCEEDED(direct_sound_create( 0, & direct_sound, 0 )) )
	{
		// TODO : Diagnostic
	}
	if ( ! SUCCEEDED( direct_sound->SetCooperativeLevel(window_handle, DSSCL_PRIORITY) ) )
	{
		// TODO : Diagnostic
	}

	WAVEFORMATEX
	wave_format {};
	wave_format.wFormatTag      = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;  /* format type */
	wave_format.nChannels       = 2;  /* number of channels (i.e. mono, stereo...) */
	wave_format.nSamplesPerSec  = scast(u32, sound_buffer->SamplesPerSecond);  /* sample rate */
	wave_format.wBitsPerSample  = 16;  /* number of bits per sample of mono data */
	wave_format.nBlockAlign     = wave_format.nChannels      * wave_format.wBitsPerSample / 8 ;  /* block size of data */
	wave_format.nAvgBytesPerSec = wave_format.nSamplesPerSec * wave_format.nBlockAlign;  /* for buffer estimation */
	wave_format.cbSize          = 0;  /* the count in bytes of the size of */

	LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER primary_buffer;
	{
		DSBUFFERDESC
		buffer_description { sizeof(buffer_description) };
		buffer_description.dwFlags       = DSBCAPS_PRIMARYBUFFER;
		buffer_description.dwBufferBytes = 0;

		if ( ! SUCCEEDED( direct_sound->CreateSoundBuffer( & buffer_description, & primary_buffer, 0 ) ))
		{
			// TODO : Diagnostic
		}
		if ( ! SUCCEEDED( primary_buffer->SetFormat( & wave_format ) ) )
		{
			// TODO : Diagnostic
		}
	}

	DSBUFFERDESC
	buffer_description { sizeof(buffer_description) };
	buffer_description.dwFlags       = DSBCAPS_GETCURRENTPOSITION2;
	buffer_description.dwBufferBytes = sound_buffer->SecondaryBufferSize;
	buffer_description.lpwfxFormat   = & wave_format;

	if ( ! SUCCEEDED( direct_sound->CreateSoundBuffer( & buffer_description, & sound_buffer->SecondaryBuffer, 0 ) ))
	{
		// TODO : Diagnostic
	}
	if ( ! SUCCEEDED( sound_buffer->SecondaryBuffer->SetFormat( & wave_format ) ) )
	{
		// TODO : Diagnostic
	}
}

internal void
ds_clear_sound_buffer( DirectSoundBuffer* sound_buffer )
{
	LPVOID region_1;
	DWORD  region_1_size;
	LPVOID region_2;
	DWORD  region_2_size;

	HRESULT ds_lock_result = sound_buffer->SecondaryBuffer->Lock( 0, sound_buffer->SecondaryBufferSize
		, & region_1, & region_1_size
		, & region_2, & region_2_size
		, 0 );
	if ( ! SUCCEEDED( ds_lock_result ) )
	{
		return;
	}

	u8* sample_out = rcast( u8*, region_1 );
	for ( DWORD byte_index = 0; byte_index < region_1_size; ++ byte_index )
	{
		*sample_out = 0;
		++ sample_out;
	}

	sample_out = rcast( u8*, region_2 );
	for ( DWORD byte_index = 0; byte_index < region_2_size; ++ byte_index )
	{
		*sample_out = 0;
		++ sample_out;
	}

	if ( ! SUCCEEDED( sound_buffer->SecondaryBuffer->Unlock( region_1, region_1_size, region_2, region_2_size ) ))
	{
		return;
	}
}

internal void
ds_fill_sound_buffer( DirectSoundBuffer* sound_buffer, DWORD byte_to_lock, DWORD bytes_to_write )
{
	LPVOID region_1;
	DWORD  region_1_size;
	LPVOID region_2;
	DWORD  region_2_size;

	HRESULT ds_lock_result = sound_buffer->SecondaryBuffer->Lock( byte_to_lock, bytes_to_write
		, & region_1, & region_1_size
		, & region_2, & region_2_size
		, 0 );
	if ( ! SUCCEEDED( ds_lock_result ) )
	{
		return;
	}

	// TODO : Assert that region sizes are valid

	DWORD region_1_sample_count = region_1_size / sound_buffer->BytesPerSample;
	s16*  sample_out            = rcast( s16*, region_1 );
	s16*  sample_in 		    = sound_buffer->Samples;
	for ( DWORD sample_index = 0; sample_index < region_1_sample_count; ++ sample_index )
	{
		*sample_out = *sample_in;
		++ sample_out;
		++ sample_in;

		*sample_out = *sample_in;
		++ sample_out;
		++ sample_in;

		++ sound_buffer->RunningSampleIndex;
	}

	DWORD region_2_sample_count = region_2_size / sound_buffer->BytesPerSample;
	      sample_out            = rcast( s16*, region_2 );
	for ( DWORD sample_index = 0; sample_index < region_2_sample_count; ++ sample_index )
	{
		*sample_out = *sample_in;
		++ sample_out;
		++ sample_in;

		*sample_out = *sample_in;
		++ sample_out;
		++ sample_in;

		++ sound_buffer->RunningSampleIndex;
	}

	if ( ! SUCCEEDED( sound_buffer->SecondaryBuffer->Unlock( region_1, region_1_size, region_2, region_2_size ) ))
	{
		return;
	}
}

internal WinDimensions
get_window_dimensions( HWND window_handle )
{
	RECT client_rect;
	GetClientRect( window_handle, & client_rect );
	WinDimensions result;
	result.Width  = client_rect.right  - client_rect.left;
	result.Height = client_rect.bottom - client_rect.top;
	return result;
}

internal void
resize_dib_section( OffscreenBuffer* buffer, u32 width, u32 height )
{
	// TODO(Ed) : Bulletproof memory handling here for the bitmap memory
	if ( buffer->Memory )
	{
		VirtualFree( buffer->Memory, 0, MEM_RELEASE );
	}

	buffer->Width         = width;
	buffer->Height        = height;
	buffer->BytesPerPixel = 4;
	buffer->Pitch         = buffer->Width * buffer->BytesPerPixel;

	// Negative means top-down in the context of the biHeight
#	define Top_Down -
	BITMAPINFOHEADER&
	header = buffer->Info.bmiHeader;
	header.biSize        = sizeof( buffer->Info.bmiHeader );
	header.biWidth       = buffer->Width;
	header.biHeight      = Top_Down buffer->Height;
	header.biPlanes      = 1;
	header.biBitCount    = 32; // Need 24, but want 32 ( alignment )
	header.biCompression = BI_RGB_Uncompressed;
	// header.biSizeImage     = 0;
	// header.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
	// header.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
	// header.biClrUsed	   = 0;
	// header.biClrImportant  = 0;
#	undef Top_Down

	// We want to "touch" a pixel on every 4-byte boundary
	u32 BitmapMemorySize = (buffer->Width * buffer->Height) * buffer->BytesPerPixel;
	buffer->Memory = VirtualAlloc( NULL, BitmapMemorySize, MEM_Commit_Zeroed | MEM_Reserve, Page_Read_Write );

	// TODO(Ed) : Clear to black
}

internal void
display_buffer_in_window( HDC device_context, u32 window_width, u32 window_height, OffscreenBuffer* buffer
	, u32 x, u32 y
	, u32 width, u32 height )
{
	// TODO(Ed) : Aspect ratio correction
	StretchDIBits( device_context
	#if 0
		, x, y, width, height
		, x, y, width, height
	#endif
		, 0, 0, window_width, window_height
		, 0, 0, buffer->Width, buffer->Height
		, buffer->Memory, & buffer->Info
		, DIB_ColorTable_RGB, RO_Source_To_Dest );
}

internal LRESULT CALLBACK
main_window_callback( HWND handle
	, UINT   system_messages
	, WPARAM w_param
	, LPARAM l_param )
{
	LRESULT result = 0;

	switch ( system_messages )
	{
		case WM_ACTIVATEAPP:
		{
			OutputDebugStringA( "WM_ACTIVATEAPP\n" );
		}
		break;

		case WM_CLOSE:
		{
			// TODO(Ed) : Handle with a message to the user
			Running = false;
		}
		break;

		case WM_DESTROY:
		{
			// TODO(Ed) : Handle with as an error and recreate the window
			Running = false;
		}
		break;

		case WM_PAINT:
		{
			PAINTSTRUCT info;
			HDC device_context = BeginPaint( handle, & info );
			u32 x 	   = info.rcPaint.left;
			u32 y 	   = info.rcPaint.top;
			u32 width  = info.rcPaint.right  - info.rcPaint.left;
			u32 height = info.rcPaint.bottom - info.rcPaint.top;

			WinDimensions dimensions = get_window_dimensions( handle );

			display_buffer_in_window( device_context, dimensions.Width, dimensions.Height, &Surface_Back_Buffer
				, x, y
				, width, height );
			EndPaint( handle, & info );
		}
		break;

		case WM_SIZE:
		{
		}
		break;

		default:
		{
			result = DefWindowProc( handle, system_messages, w_param, l_param );
		}
	}

	return result;
}

internal void
process_pending_window_messages( engine::KeyboardState* keyboard )
{
	MSG window_msg_info;
	while ( PeekMessageA( & window_msg_info, 0, 0, 0, PM_Remove_Messages_From_Queue ) )
	{
		if ( window_msg_info.message == WM_QUIT  )
		{
			OutputDebugStringA("WM_QUIT\n");
			Running = false;
		}

		// Keyboard input handling
		switch (window_msg_info.message)
		{
			// I rather do this with GetAsyncKeyState...
			case WM_SYSKEYDOWN:
			case WM_SYSKEYUP:
			{
				WPARAM vk_code  = window_msg_info.wParam;
				b32    is_down  = scast(b32, (window_msg_info.lParam >> 31) == 0 );
				b32    was_down = scast(b32, (window_msg_info.lParam >> 30) );
				b32    alt_down = scast(b32, (window_msg_info.lParam & (1 << 29)) );

				switch ( vk_code )
				{
					case VK_F4:
					{
						if ( alt_down )
							Running = false;
					}
					break;
				}
			}
			break;

			default:
				TranslateMessage( & window_msg_info );
				DispatchMessageW( & window_msg_info );
		}
	}
}
NS_PLATFORM_END

int CALLBACK
WinMain( HINSTANCE instance, HINSTANCE prev_instance, LPSTR commandline, int show_command )
{
	using namespace win32;
	using namespace platform;

	// Timing
#if Build_Development
	u64 launch_clock = timing_get_wall_clock();
	u64 launch_cycle = __rdtsc();
#endif

	// Sets the windows scheduler granulaity for this process to 1 ms
	constexpr u32 desired_scheduler_ms = 1;
	b32 sleep_is_granular = ( timeBeginPeriod( desired_scheduler_ms ) == TIMERR_NOERROR );

	// If its a high-perofmrance frame-time (a refresh rate that produces a target frametime at or below 4.16~ ms, we cannot allow the scheduler to mess things up)
	b32 sub_ms_granularity_required = scast(f32, Engine_Refresh_Hz) <= High_Perf_Frametime_MS;

	QueryPerformanceFrequency( rcast(LARGE_INTEGER*, & Performance_Counter_Frequency) );

	// Memory
	engine::Memory engine_memory {};
	{
		engine_memory.PersistentSize = megabytes( 64 );
		// engine_memory.FrameSize	     = megabytes( 64 );
		engine_memory.TransientSize  = gigabytes( 2 );

		u64 total_size = engine_memory.PersistentSize
			// + engine_memory.FrameSize
			+ engine_memory.TransientSize;

	#if Build_Debug
		void* base_address = rcast(void*, terabytes( 1 ));
	#else
		void* base_address = 0;
	#endif

		engine_memory.Persistent = VirtualAlloc( base_address, total_size , MEM_Commit_Zeroed | MEM_Reserve, Page_Read_Write );
		engine_memory.Transient = rcast( u8*, engine_memory.Persistent ) + engine_memory.PersistentSize;

		if (	engine_memory.Persistent == nullptr
			||	engine_memory.Transient  == nullptr )
		{
			// TODO : Diagnostic Logging
			return -1;
		}
	}

	WNDCLASSW window_class {};
	HWND window_handle = nullptr;
	{
		window_class.style = CS_Horizontal_Redraw | CS_Vertical_Redraw;
		window_class.lpfnWndProc = main_window_callback;
		// window_class.cbClsExtra  = ;
		// window_class.cbWndExtra  = ;
		window_class.hInstance   = instance;
		// window_class.hIcon = ;
		// window_class.hCursor = ;
		// window_class.hbrBackground = ;
		window_class.lpszMenuName  = L"Handmade Hero!";
		window_class.lpszClassName = L"HandmadeHeroWindowClass";

		if ( ! RegisterClassW( & window_class ) )
		{
			// TODO : Diagnostic Logging
			return 0;
		}

		window_handle = CreateWindowExW(
			0,
			window_class.lpszClassName,
			L"Handmade Hero",
			WS_Overlapped_Window | WS_Initially_Visible,
			CW_Use_Default, CW_Use_Default, // x, y
			CW_Use_Default, CW_Use_Default, // width, height
			0, 0,                         // parent, menu
			instance, 0                   // instance, param
		);

		if ( ! window_handle )
		{
			// TODO : Diagnostic Logging
			return 0;
		}
	}
	// WinDimensions dimensions = get_window_dimensions( window_handle );
	resize_dib_section( &Surface_Back_Buffer, 1280, 720 );

	DWORD last_play_cursor = 0;
	b32   sound_is_valid   = false;
	DirectSoundBuffer ds_sound_buffer;
	{
		ds_sound_buffer.IsPlaying        = 0;
		ds_sound_buffer.SamplesPerSecond = 48000;
		ds_sound_buffer.BytesPerSample   = sizeof(s16) * 2;

		ds_sound_buffer.SecondaryBufferSize = ds_sound_buffer.SamplesPerSecond * ds_sound_buffer.BytesPerSample;
		init_sound( window_handle, & ds_sound_buffer );

		ds_sound_buffer.Samples = rcast( s16*, VirtualAlloc( 0, 48000 * 2 * sizeof(s16)
			, MEM_Commit_Zeroed | MEM_Reserve, Page_Read_Write ));

		assert( ds_sound_buffer.Samples );
		ds_sound_buffer.RunningSampleIndex = 0;
		// ds_clear_sound_buffer( & sound_output );
		ds_sound_buffer.SecondaryBuffer->Play( 0, 0, DSBPLAY_LOOPING );

		// Direct sound requires 3 frames of audio latency for no bugs to show u
		constexpr u32 frames_of_audio_latency = 3;
		ds_sound_buffer.LatencySampleCount = frames_of_audio_latency * ( ds_sound_buffer.SamplesPerSecond / Engine_Refresh_Hz );
	}
#if Build_Development
	u32             debug_marker_index = 0;
	DebugTimeMarker debug_markers[ Monitor_Refresh_Max_Supported ] {};
	u32             debug_marker_history_size = Engine_Refresh_Hz / 2;
	assert( debug_marker_history_size <= Monitor_Refresh_Max_Supported )
#endif

	engine::InputState input {};

	// There can be 4 of any of each input API type : KB & Mouse, XInput, JSL.

#if 0
	using EngineKeyboardStates = engine::KeyboardState[ Max_Controllers ];
	EngineKeyboardStates keyboard_states[2] {};
	EngineKeyboardStates* old_keyboards = & keyboard_states[0];
	EngineKeyboardStates* new_keyboards = & keyboard_states[1];
#endif

	engine::KeyboardState  keyboard_states[2] {};
	engine::KeyboardState* old_keyboard = & keyboard_states[0];
	engine::KeyboardState* new_keyboard = & keyboard_states[1];
	// Important: Assuming keyboard always connected for now, and assigning to first controller.

	using EngineXInputPadStates = engine::XInputPadState[ Max_Controllers ];
	EngineXInputPadStates  xpad_states[2] {};
	EngineXInputPadStates* old_xpads = & xpad_states[0];
	EngineXInputPadStates* new_xpads = & xpad_states[1];

	using EngineDSPadStates = engine::DualsensePadState[Max_Controllers];
	EngineDSPadStates  ds_pad_states[2] {};
	EngineDSPadStates* old_ds_pads = & ds_pad_states[0];
	EngineDSPadStates* new_ds_pads = & ds_pad_states[1];

	using JSL_DeviceHandle = int;
	u32 jsl_num_devices = JslConnectDevices();
	JSL_DeviceHandle jsl_device_handles[4] {};
	{
		xinput_load_library_bindings();

		u32 jsl_getconnected_found = JslGetConnectedDeviceHandles( jsl_device_handles, jsl_num_devices );
		{
			if ( jsl_getconnected_found != jsl_num_devices )
			{
				OutputDebugStringA( "Error: JSLGetConnectedDeviceHandles didn't find as many as were stated with JslConnectDevices\n");
			}

			if ( jsl_num_devices > 0 )
			{
				OutputDebugStringA( "JSL Connected Devices:\n" );
				for ( u32 jsl_device_index = 0; jsl_device_index < jsl_num_devices; ++ jsl_device_index )
				{
					JslSetLightColour( jsl_device_handles[ jsl_device_index ], (255 << 8) );
				}
			}
		}

		if ( jsl_num_devices > 4 )
		{
			jsl_num_devices = 4;
			MessageBoxA( window_handle, "More than 4 JSL devices found, this engine will only support the first four found.", "Warning", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION );
		}
	}

	u64 last_frame_clock = timing_get_wall_clock();
	u64 last_frame_cycle = __rdtsc();

#if Build_Development
	u64 startup_cycles = last_frame_cycle - launch_cycle;
	f32 startup_ms     = timing_get_ms_elapsed( launch_clock, last_frame_clock );
#endif


	Running = true;
#if 0
// This tests the play & write cursor update frequency.
	while ( Running )
	{
		DWORD play_cursor;
		DWORD write_cursor;

		ds_sound_buffer.SecondaryBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( & play_cursor, & write_cursor );
		char text_buffer[256];
		sprintf_s( text_buffer, sizeof(text_buffer), "PC:%u WC:%u\n", (u32)play_cursor, (u32)write_cursor );
		OutputDebugStringA( text_buffer );
	}
#endif
	while( Running )
	{
		process_pending_window_messages( new_keyboard );

		// TODO(Ed): Offload polling to these functions later.
		// poll_xinput( & input, old_xpads, new_xpads );
		// poll_jsl( & input, old_jsl_pads, new_jsl_pads );

		// or
		// poll_input();

		// Input
		// void poll_input();
		{
			// TODO(Ed) : Setup user definable deadzones for triggers and sticks.

			// Swapping at the beginning of the input frame instead of the end.
			swap( old_keyboard, new_keyboard );
			swap( old_xpads,    new_xpads );
			swap( old_ds_pads,  new_ds_pads );

			// Keyboard Polling
			// Keyboards are unified for now.
			{
				constexpr u32 is_down = 0x8000;
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_keyboard->Q,         & new_keyboard->Q,         GetAsyncKeyState( 'Q' ),       is_down );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_keyboard->E,         & new_keyboard->E,         GetAsyncKeyState( 'E' ),       is_down );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_keyboard->W,         & new_keyboard->W,         GetAsyncKeyState( 'W' ),       is_down );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_keyboard->A,         & new_keyboard->A,         GetAsyncKeyState( 'A' ),       is_down );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_keyboard->S,         & new_keyboard->S,         GetAsyncKeyState( 'S' ),       is_down );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_keyboard->D,         & new_keyboard->D,         GetAsyncKeyState( 'D' ),       is_down );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_keyboard->Escape,    & new_keyboard->Escape,    GetAsyncKeyState( VK_ESCAPE ), is_down );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_keyboard->Backspace, & new_keyboard->Backspace, GetAsyncKeyState( VK_BACK ),   is_down );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_keyboard->Up,        & new_keyboard->Up,        GetAsyncKeyState( VK_UP ),     is_down );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_keyboard->Down,      & new_keyboard->Down,      GetAsyncKeyState( VK_DOWN ),   is_down );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_keyboard->Left,      & new_keyboard->Left,      GetAsyncKeyState( VK_LEFT ),   is_down );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_keyboard->Right,     & new_keyboard->Right,     GetAsyncKeyState( VK_RIGHT ),  is_down );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_keyboard->Space,     & new_keyboard->Space,     GetAsyncKeyState( VK_SPACE ),  is_down );

				input.Controllers[0].Keyboard = new_keyboard;
			}

			// XInput Polling
			// TODO(Ed) : Should we poll this more frequently?
			for ( DWORD controller_index = 0; controller_index < Max_Controllers; ++ controller_index )
			{
				XINPUT_STATE controller_state;
				b32 xinput_detected = xinput_get_state( controller_index, & controller_state ) == XI_PluggedIn;
				if ( xinput_detected )
				{
					XINPUT_GAMEPAD*       xpad = & controller_state.Gamepad;
					engine::XInputPadState* old_xpad = old_xpads[ controller_index ];
					engine::XInputPadState* new_xpad = new_xpads[ controller_index ];

					input_process_digital_btn( & old_xpad->DPad.Up,    & new_xpad->DPad.Up, xpad->wButtons, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_DPAD_UP );
					input_process_digital_btn( & old_xpad->DPad.Down,  & new_xpad->DPad.Down, xpad->wButtons, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_DPAD_DOWN );
					input_process_digital_btn( & old_xpad->DPad.Left,  & new_xpad->DPad.Left, xpad->wButtons, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_DPAD_LEFT );
					input_process_digital_btn( & old_xpad->DPad.Right, & new_xpad->DPad.Right, xpad->wButtons, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_DPAD_RIGHT );

					input_process_digital_btn( & old_xpad->Y, & new_xpad->Y, xpad->wButtons, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_Y );
					input_process_digital_btn( & old_xpad->A, & new_xpad->A, xpad->wButtons, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_A );
					input_process_digital_btn( & old_xpad->B, & new_xpad->B, xpad->wButtons, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_B );
					input_process_digital_btn( & old_xpad->X, & new_xpad->X, xpad->wButtons, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_X );

					input_process_digital_btn( & old_xpad->Back,  & new_xpad->Back,  xpad->wButtons, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_BACK );
					input_process_digital_btn( & old_xpad->Start, & new_xpad->Start, xpad->wButtons, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_START );

					input_process_digital_btn( & old_xpad->LeftShoulder,  & new_xpad->LeftShoulder,  xpad->wButtons, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_LEFT_SHOULDER );
					input_process_digital_btn( & old_xpad->RightShoulder, & new_xpad->RightShoulder, xpad->wButtons, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_RIGHT_SHOULDER );

					new_xpad->Stick.Left.X.Start = old_xpad->Stick.Left.X.End;
					new_xpad->Stick.Left.Y.Start = old_xpad->Stick.Left.Y.End;

					f32 left_x = xinput_process_axis_value( xpad->sThumbLX, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB_DEADZONE );
					f32 left_y = xinput_process_axis_value( xpad->sThumbLY, XINPUT_GAMEPAD_LEFT_THUMB_DEADZONE );

					// TODO(Ed) : Min/Max macros!!!
					new_xpad->Stick.Left.X.Min = new_xpad->Stick.Left.X.Max = new_xpad->Stick.Left.X.End = left_x;
					new_xpad->Stick.Left.Y.Min = new_xpad->Stick.Left.Y.Max = new_xpad->Stick.Left.Y.End = left_y;

					// TODO(Ed): Make this actually an average for later
					new_xpad->Stick.Left.X.Average = left_x;
					new_xpad->Stick.Left.Y.Average = left_y;

					input.Controllers[ controller_index ].XPad = new_xpad;
				}
				else
				{
					input.Controllers[ controller_index ].XPad = nullptr;
				}
			}

			// JSL Input Polling
			for ( u32 jsl_device_index = 0; jsl_device_index < jsl_num_devices; ++ jsl_device_index )
			{
				if ( ! JslStillConnected( jsl_device_handles[ jsl_device_index ] ) )
				{
					OutputDebugStringA( "Error: JSLStillConnected returned false\n" );
					continue;
				}

				// TODO : Won't support more than 4 for now... (or prob ever)
				if ( jsl_device_index > 4 )
					break;

				JOY_SHOCK_STATE state = JslGetSimpleState( jsl_device_handles[ jsl_device_index ] );

				// For now we're assuming anything that is detected via JSL is a dualsense pad.
				// We'll eventually add support possibly for the nintendo pro controller.
				engine::DualsensePadState* old_ds_pad  = old_ds_pads[ jsl_device_index ];
				engine::DualsensePadState* new_ds_pad  = new_ds_pads[ jsl_device_index ];

				input_process_digital_btn( & old_ds_pad->DPad.Up,    & new_ds_pad->DPad.Up,    state.buttons, JSMASK_UP );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_ds_pad->DPad.Down,  & new_ds_pad->DPad.Down,  state.buttons, JSMASK_DOWN );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_ds_pad->DPad.Left,  & new_ds_pad->DPad.Left,  state.buttons, JSMASK_LEFT );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_ds_pad->DPad.Right, & new_ds_pad->DPad.Right, state.buttons, JSMASK_RIGHT );

				input_process_digital_btn( & old_ds_pad->Triangle, & new_ds_pad->Triangle, state.buttons, JSMASK_N );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_ds_pad->X,        & new_ds_pad->X,        state.buttons, JSMASK_S );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_ds_pad->Square,   & new_ds_pad->Square,   state.buttons, JSMASK_W );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_ds_pad->Circle,   & new_ds_pad->Circle,   state.buttons, JSMASK_E );

				input_process_digital_btn( & old_ds_pad->Share,   & new_ds_pad->Share,   state.buttons, JSMASK_SHARE );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_ds_pad->Options, & new_ds_pad->Options, state.buttons, JSMASK_OPTIONS );

				input_process_digital_btn( & old_ds_pad->L1, & new_ds_pad->L1, state.buttons, JSMASK_L );
				input_process_digital_btn( & old_ds_pad->R1, & new_ds_pad->R1, state.buttons, JSMASK_R );

				new_ds_pad->Stick.Left.X.Start = old_ds_pad->Stick.Left.X.End;
				new_ds_pad->Stick.Left.Y.Start = old_ds_pad->Stick.Left.Y.End;

				// Joyshock abstracts the sticks to a float value already for us of -1.f to 1.f.
				// We'll assume a deadzone of 10% for now.
				f32 left_x = input_process_axis_value( state.stickLX, 0.1f );
				f32 left_y = input_process_axis_value( state.stickLY, 0.1f );

				new_ds_pad->Stick.Left.X.Min = new_ds_pad->Stick.Left.X.Max = new_ds_pad->Stick.Left.X.End = left_x;
				new_ds_pad->Stick.Left.Y.Min = new_ds_pad->Stick.Left.Y.Max = new_ds_pad->Stick.Left.Y.End = left_y;

				// TODO(Ed): Make this actually an average for later
				new_ds_pad->Stick.Left.X.Average = left_x;
				new_ds_pad->Stick.Left.Y.Average = left_y;

				input.Controllers[ jsl_device_index ].DSPad = new_ds_pad;
			}
		}

		// Pain...
		// DWORD ds_play_cursor;
		// DWORD ds_write_cursor;
		DWORD byte_to_lock   = 0;
		DWORD bytes_to_write = 0;
		DWORD target_cursor  = 0;
		// if ( SUCCEEDED( ds_sound_buffer.SecondaryBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( & ds_play_cursor, & ds_write_cursor ) ))
		if ( sound_is_valid )
		{
			byte_to_lock  = (ds_sound_buffer.RunningSampleIndex * ds_sound_buffer.BytesPerSample) % ds_sound_buffer.SecondaryBufferSize;
			target_cursor = (last_play_cursor + (ds_sound_buffer.LatencySampleCount * ds_sound_buffer.BytesPerSample)) % ds_sound_buffer.SecondaryBufferSize;

			if ( byte_to_lock > target_cursor)
			{
				// Infront of play cursor |--play--byte_to_write-->--|
				bytes_to_write =  ds_sound_buffer.SecondaryBufferSize - byte_to_lock;
				bytes_to_write += target_cursor;
			}
			else
			{
				// Behind play cursor |--byte_to_write-->--play--|
				bytes_to_write = target_cursor - byte_to_lock;
			}
			// sound_is_valid = true;
		}

		// s16 samples[ 48000 * 2 ];
		engine::SoundBuffer sound_buffer {};
		sound_buffer.NumSamples         = bytes_to_write / ds_sound_buffer.BytesPerSample;
		sound_buffer.RunningSampleIndex = ds_sound_buffer.RunningSampleIndex;
		sound_buffer.SamplesPerSecond   = ds_sound_buffer.SamplesPerSecond;
		sound_buffer.Samples            = ds_sound_buffer.Samples;

		engine::update_and_render( & input, rcast(engine::OffscreenBuffer*, & Surface_Back_Buffer.Memory), & sound_buffer, & engine_memory );

		// Update audio buffer
		do {
			DWORD ds_status = 0;
			if ( SUCCEEDED( ds_sound_buffer.SecondaryBuffer->GetStatus( & ds_status ) ) )
			{
				ds_sound_buffer.IsPlaying = ds_status & DSBSTATUS_PLAYING;
			}

			if ( ! sound_is_valid )
				break;

			ds_fill_sound_buffer( & ds_sound_buffer, byte_to_lock, bytes_to_write  );

		#if Build_Development && 0
			DWORD play_cursor;
			DWORD write_cursor;

			ds_sound_buffer.SecondaryBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( & play_cursor, & write_cursor );
			char text_buffer[256];
			sprintf_s( text_buffer, sizeof(text_buffer), "LPC:%u BTL:%u TC:%u BTW:%u - PC:%u WC:%u\n"
				, (u32)last_play_cursor, (u32)byte_to_lock, (u32)target_cursor, (u32)bytes_to_write, (u32)play_cursor, (u32)write_cursor );
			OutputDebugStringA( text_buffer );
		#endif

			if ( ds_sound_buffer.IsPlaying )
				break;

			ds_sound_buffer.SecondaryBuffer->Play( 0, 0, DSBPLAY_LOOPING );
		} while(0);

		u64 work_frame_end_cycle = __rdtsc();
		u64 work_frame_end_clock = timing_get_wall_clock();

		f32 work_frame_ms  = timing_get_ms_elapsed( last_frame_clock, work_frame_end_clock );  // WorkSecondsElapsed
		f32 work_cycles    = timing_get_ms_elapsed( last_frame_cycle, work_frame_end_cycle );

		f32 frame_elapsed_ms = work_frame_ms; // SecondsElapsedForFrame
		if ( frame_elapsed_ms < Engine_Frame_Target_MS )
		{
			s32 sleep_ms = scast(DWORD, (Engine_Frame_Target_MS - frame_elapsed_ms)) - 1;
			if ( sleep_ms > 0 && ! sub_ms_granularity_required && sleep_is_granular )
			{
				Sleep( scast(DWORD, sleep_ms) );
			}

			u64 frame_clock  = timing_get_wall_clock();
			frame_elapsed_ms = timing_get_ms_elapsed( last_frame_clock, frame_clock );
			if ( frame_elapsed_ms < Engine_Frame_Target_MS )
			{
				// TODO(Ed) : Log ms discrepancy here.
			}

			assert( frame_elapsed_ms < Engine_Frame_Target_MS );
			while ( frame_elapsed_ms < Engine_Frame_Target_MS )
			{
				frame_clock      = timing_get_wall_clock();
				frame_elapsed_ms = timing_get_ms_elapsed( last_frame_clock, frame_clock );
			}
		}
		else
		{
			// TODO(Ed) : Missed the display sync window!
		}

		last_frame_clock = timing_get_wall_clock(); // LastCouner
		last_frame_cycle = __rdtsc();

		// Update surface back buffer
		{
			WinDimensions dimensions     = get_window_dimensions( window_handle );
			HDC           device_context = GetDC( window_handle );

		#if Build_Development
			debug_sync_display( & ds_sound_buffer, debug_marker_history_size, debug_markers, Engine_Frame_Target_MS );
		#endif

			display_buffer_in_window( device_context, dimensions.Width, dimensions.Height, &Surface_Back_Buffer
				, 0, 0
				, dimensions.Width, dimensions.Height );
		}

		{
			DWORD play_cursor  = 0;
			DWORD write_cursor = 0;

			if ( SUCCEEDED( ds_sound_buffer.SecondaryBuffer->GetCurrentPosition( & play_cursor, & write_cursor ) ) )
			{
				last_play_cursor = play_cursor;
				if ( ! sound_is_valid )
				{
					ds_sound_buffer.RunningSampleIndex = write_cursor / ds_sound_buffer.BytesPerSample;
					sound_is_valid = true;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				sound_is_valid = false;
			}

		#if Build_Development
			assert( debug_marker_index < debug_marker_history_size )
			debug_markers[debug_marker_index] = { play_cursor, write_cursor };
			debug_marker_index++;

			if ( debug_marker_index >= debug_marker_history_size )
				debug_marker_index = 0;
		#endif
		}
	}

	engine::shutdown();

	if ( jsl_num_devices > 0 )
	{
		for ( u32 jsl_device_index = 0; jsl_device_index < jsl_num_devices; ++ jsl_device_index )
		{
			JslSetLightColour( jsl_device_handles[ jsl_device_index ], 0 );
		}
	}

	return 0;
}