Prepare for hello joypad!

code/hello_gte/gen/hello_gte.offsets.h

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // Auto-generated by ps1_meta.lua (passes/offsets.lua) — DO NOT EDIT
-// Source: C:\projects\Pikuma\ps1\code\hello_gte\hello_gte_tape.c
+// Source: C:\projects\Pikuma\ps1\code\hello_gte\hello_gte.tape.c
 #pragma once
 
-#pragma region hello_gte_tape
+#pragma region hello_gte.tape
 
 
 // --- atom: cube_g4_face (77 words) ---
@@ -25,5 +25,5 @@ enum {
     atom_offset_bounds_chk_floor_f3_face_exit = _atom_offset_bounds_chk_floor_f3_face_exit,
 };
 
-#pragma endregion hello_gte_tape
+#pragma endregion hello_gte.tape
 

code/hello_gte/hello_gte.c

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 #include "duffle/lottes_tape.h"
 #include "duffle/word_count.metadata.h"
 
-#	include "gen/gte_hello.offsets.h"
+#	include "gen/hello_gte.offsets.h"
 #include "hello_gte.h"
 
-#include "hello_gte_tape.c"
+#include "hello_gte.tape.c"
 
 typedef U4 OrderingTable_Buffer[OrderingTbl_Len];
 typedef Array_(OrderingTable_Buffer, 2);

code/hello_gte/hello_gte.tape.c

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #	include "duffle/atom_dsl.h"
 #	include "duffle/lottes_tape.h"
 #	include "duffle/word_count.metadata.h"
-#	include "gen/gte_hello.offsets.h"
+#	include "gen/hello_gte.offsets.h"
 #	include "hello_gte.h"
 #endif
 

code/hello_joypad/gen/hello_joypad.offsets.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Auto-generated by ps1_meta.lua (passes/offsets.lua) — DO NOT EDIT
+// Source: C:\projects\Pikuma\ps1\code\hello_joypad\hello_joypad.tape.c
+#pragma once
+
+#pragma region hello_joypad.tape
+
+
+// --- atom: cube_g4_face (77 words) ---
+
+#define _atom_offset_cull_cube_g4_face_exit           42
+#define _atom_offset_bounds_chk_cube_g4_face_exit     24
+
+enum {
+    atom_offset_cull_cube_g4_face_exit = _atom_offset_cull_cube_g4_face_exit,
+    atom_offset_bounds_chk_cube_g4_face_exit = _atom_offset_bounds_chk_cube_g4_face_exit,
+};
+
+// --- atom: floor_f3_face (58 words) ---
+
+#define _atom_offset_culling_floor_f3_face_exit       25
+#define _atom_offset_bounds_chk_floor_f3_face_exit    16
+
+enum {
+    atom_offset_culling_floor_f3_face_exit = _atom_offset_culling_floor_f3_face_exit,
+    atom_offset_bounds_chk_floor_f3_face_exit = _atom_offset_bounds_chk_floor_f3_face_exit,
+};
+
+#pragma endregion hello_joypad.tape
+

code/hello_joypad/hello_joypad.c

@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+// #include "libgpu.h"
+// #include "libetc.h"
+// #include "libgte.h"
+
+#include "duffle/dsl.h"
+#include "duffle/memory.h"
+#include "duffle/math.h"
+
+#include "duffle/gcc_asm.h"
+#include "duffle/mips.h"
+#include "duffle/gp.h"
+#include "duffle/gte.h"
+
+#	include "duffle/gen/duffle.macs.h"
+#	include "duffle/gen/duffle.offsets.h"
+#include "duffle/atom_dsl.h"
+#include "duffle/lottes_tape.h"
+#include "duffle/word_count.metadata.h"
+
+#	include "gen/hello_joypad.offsets.h"
+#include "hello_joypad.h"
+
+#include "hello_joypad.tape.c"
+
+typedef U4 OrderingTable_Buffer[OrderingTbl_Len];
+typedef Array_(OrderingTable_Buffer, 2);
+
+typedef B1 PrimitiveBuffer[PrimitiveBuff_Len];
+typedef Array_(PrimitiveBuffer, 2);
+typedef Struct_(PrimitiveArena) {
+	A2_PrimitiveBuffer buf;
+	U4                 used;
+};
+
+#define Cube_num_verts 8
+typedef Array_(V3_S2, Cube_num_verts);
+#define Cube_num_faces 6
+typedef Array_(V4_S2, Cube_num_faces);
+I_ void ent_cube128_init(A8_V3_S2* verts, A6_V4_S2* faces) {
+	LP_ A8_V3_S2 baked_verts = (A8_V3_S2) {
+		{ -128, -128, -128 },
+		{  128, -128, -128 },
+		{  128, -128,  128 },
+		{ -128, -128,  128 },
+		{ -128,  128, -128 },
+		{  128,  128, -128 },
+		{  128,  128,  128 },
+		{ -128,  128,  128 }
+	};
+	LP_ A6_V4_S2 baked_faces = (A6_V4_S2) {
+		{ 3, 2, 0, 1 },
+		{ 0, 1, 4, 5 },
+		{ 4, 5, 7, 6 },
+		{ 1, 2, 5, 6 },
+		{ 2, 3, 6, 7 },
+		{ 3, 0, 7, 4 },
+	};
+	mem_copy(u4_(verts), u4_(& baked_verts), S_(A8_V3_S2) );
+	mem_copy(u4_(faces), u4_(& baked_faces), S_(A6_V4_S2) );
+	return;
+}
+typedef Struct_(Ent_Cube) {
+	V3_S4 accel;
+	V3_S4 vel;
+	V3_S4 pos;
+	V3_S4 scale;
+	V3_S2 rot;
+	A8_V3_S2 verts;
+	A6_V4_S2 faces;
+};
+
+#define Floor_num_verts 4
+typedef Array_(V3_S2, Floor_num_verts);
+#define Floor_num_faces 2
+typedef Array_(V3_S2, Floor_num_faces);
+I_ void ent_floor_init(A4_V3_S2* verts, A2_V3_S2* faces) {
+	LP_ A4_V3_S2 baked_verts = (A4_V3_S2) {
+		{ -900, 0, -900 },
+		{ -900, 0,  900 },
+		{  900, 0, -900 },
+		{  900, 0,  900 },
+	};
+	LP_ A2_V3_S2 baked_faces = (A2_V3_S2) {
+		{ 0, 1, 2 },
+		{ 1, 3, 2 },
+	};
+	mem_copy(u4_(verts), u4_(& baked_verts), S_(A4_V3_S2));
+	mem_copy(u4_(faces), u4_(& baked_faces), S_(A2_V3_S2));
+};
+typedef Struct_(Ent_Floor) {
+	V3_S4 accel;
+	V3_S4 pos;
+	V3_S4 scale;
+	V3_S2 rot;
+	A4_V3_S2 verts;
+	A2_V3_S2 faces;
+};
+
+enum { 
+	Scratchpad_Len = 1024, 
+	MemTape_Len    = 512,
+};
+typedef Struct_(SMemory) {
+	U4 MemTape[MemTape_Len];
+
+	DoubleBuffer            screen_buf;
+	A2_OrderingTable_Buffer ordering_tbl;
+	PrimitiveArena          primitives;
+	S4                      active_buf_id;
+
+	M3_S2 tform_world;
+
+	Ent_Cube  cube;
+	Ent_Floor floor;
+
+	U4_V scratchpad; // d-cache
+};
+global SMemory smem;
+extern SMemory smem;
+
+// TODO(Ed):
+FI_ U4* spad_warm(MipsAtom atom) {
+	return nullptr;
+}
+
+I_ B1* prim__alloc(U4 type_width, Str8 type_name) {
+	gknown PrimitiveArena* pa  = & smem.primitives;
+	gknown B1*             buf = (B1*) r_(smem.primitives.buf)[smem.active_buf_id];
+	assert(pa->used + type_width < PrimitiveBuff_Len);
+	B1* next  = buf + pa->used;
+	pa->used += type_width;
+	return next;
+}
+#define prim_alloc(type) (type*)prim__alloc(S_(type), slit( stringify(type)))
+
+void gp_screen_init_c11(DoubleBuffer* screen_buf, S4* active_buf_id)
+{
+	reset_graph(0);
+
+	// Set the current initial buffer
+	active_buf_id[0] = 0;
+
+	// Just setting env data, not interacting with console hw.
+	// First buffer area
+	displayenv_init(& r_(screen_buf->display)[0], 0, 0,           ScreenRes_X, ScreenRes_Y);
+	drawenv_init   (& r_(screen_buf->draw   )[0], 0, ScreenRes_Y, ScreenRes_X, ScreenRes_Y);
+	// Second buffer area
+	displayenv_init(& r_(screen_buf->display)[1], 0, ScreenRes_Y, ScreenRes_X, ScreenRes_Y);
+	drawenv_init   (& r_(screen_buf->draw   )[1], 0, 0,           ScreenRes_X, ScreenRes_Y);
+	// Set the back/drawing buffer
+	screen_buf->draw[0].enable_auto_clear = true;
+	screen_buf->draw[1].enable_auto_clear = true;
+	// Set the background clear color
+	screen_buf->draw[0].initial_bg_color = rgb8( .r = 7, .g = 7,  .b = 7 );
+	screen_buf->draw[1].initial_bg_color = rgb8( .r = 7, .g = 7,  .b = 7 );
+	// screen_buf->draw[1].initial_bg_color = rgb8( .r = 47, .g = 13, .b = 0 );
+	displayenv_put(& r_(screen_buf->display)[ active_buf_id[0] ]);
+	drawenv_put   (& r_(screen_buf->draw   )[ active_buf_id[0] ]);
+
+	// Initialize and setup the GTE geometry offsets
+	geom_init();
+	// NOTE: geom_set_offset/geom_set_screen are kept as-is (the libgte versions
+	// are known to be broken in this PSYQ 4.7 build — see report 2026-07-09).
+	// The user's research wants the C-side non-tape reference to work as a
+	// known-good baseline for comparison against the tape.
+	geom_set_offset(ScreenRes_CenterX, ScreenRes_CenterY);
+	geom_set_screen(ScreenZ);
+
+	set_display_enabled(1); // gp_DisplayEnabled
+}
+
+void gp_display_frame(DoubleBuffer* screen_buf, S4* active_buf_id, U4* ordering_buf, PrimitiveArena* pa) {
+	draw_sync(0);
+	vsync(0);
+	displayenv_put(& r_(screen_buf->display)[active_buf_id[0] ]);
+	drawenv_put   (& r_(screen_buf->draw)   [active_buf_id[0] ]);
+	{
+		draw_orderingtbl(ordering_buf + OrderingTbl_Len - 1);
+		pa->used = 0;
+	}
+	active_buf_id[0] = ! active_buf_id[0]; // Swap current buffer
+}
+
+void render(void) {
+}
+
+GCC_OPTIMIZATION_DISABLE
+void update(PrimitiveArena* pa, U4* ordering_buf) 
+{
+	orderingtbl_clear_reverse(ordering_buf, OrderingTbl_Len);
+
+	// Update the position based on acceleration and velocity
+	gknown V3_S4_R pos = & smem.cube.pos;
+	gknown V3_S4_R vel = & smem.cube.vel;
+	gknown V3_S4_R acc = & smem.cube.accel;
+	add_v3s4(vel, acc[0]);
+	add_v3s4_fp(pos, vel[0]);
+	// vel->x += acc->x;
+	// vel->y += acc->y;
+	// vel->z += acc->z;
+	// pos->x += vel->x;
+	// pos->y += vel->y;
+	// pos->z += vel->z;
+
+	if (pos->y + 150 > smem.floor.pos.y) vel->y *= -1;
+
+	// Prep
+	S4 nclip = 0;
+	S4 orderingtbl_z = 0;
+	A2_S2 p;    //???
+	S4 flag; //????
+
+	TapeBuilder tb = tb_make(slice_ut_arr(smem.MemTape));
+
+	// Draw Cube
+	if (0)
+	{
+		m3s2_rotation   (& smem.cube.rot,    & smem.tform_world);
+		m3s2_translation(& smem.tform_world, & smem.cube.pos);
+		m3s2_scale      (& smem.tform_world, & smem.cube.scale);
+		// gte_matrix_set_rotation   (& smem.tform_world);
+		gte_matrix_set_translation(& smem.tform_world);
+		for (U4 face_id = 0; face_id < Cube_num_faces; face_id += 1)
+		{
+			Poly_G4* quad = prim_alloc(Poly_G4); set_poly_g4(quad);
+			quad->c0 = rgb8(255,   0, 255);
+			quad->c1 = rgb8(255, 255,   0);
+			quad->c2 = rgb8(  0, 255, 255);
+			quad->c3 = rgb8(  0, 255,   0);
+
+			V4_S2* face = & smem.cube.faces[face_id];
+			V3_S2* p0   = & smem.cube.verts[face->x];
+			V3_S2* p1   = & smem.cube.verts[face->y];
+			V3_S2* p2   = & smem.cube.verts[face->z];
+			V3_S2* p3   = & smem.cube.verts[face->w];
+
+			nclip = rtp_avg_nclip_a4_v3s2(
+				p0, p1, p2, p3,
+				& quad->p0, & quad->p1, & quad->p2, & quad->p3,
+				& p, & orderingtbl_z, & flag
+			);
+			if (nclip <= 0) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if ((orderingtbl_z > 0) && (orderingtbl_z < OrderingTbl_Len)) {
+				orderingtbl_add_primitive(ordering_buf[orderingtbl_z], quad);
+			}
+		}
+		// smem.cube.rot.x +=  6;
+		// smem.cube.rot.y +=  8;
+		// smem.cube.rot.z += 12;
+		smem.cube.rot.y += 30;
+	}
+	// Draw cube (tape method) - two triangles per face
+	if (1)
+	{
+		m3s2_rotation   (& smem.cube.rot,    & smem.tform_world);
+		m3s2_translation(& smem.tform_world, & smem.cube.pos);
+		m3s2_scale      (& smem.tform_world, & smem.cube.scale);
+		gte_matrix_set_rotation   (& smem.tform_world);
+		gte_matrix_set_translation(& smem.tform_world);
+
+		U4 prim_base   = u4_(pa->buf[smem.active_buf_id]);
+		U4 prim_cursor = prim_base + pa->used;
+
+		tb.used = 0; tb_scope(& tb) {
+			tb_emit(& tb, rbind_cube_g4_face);
+				tb_data(& tb, prim_cursor);
+				tb_data(& tb, u4_(smem.cube.faces));
+				tb_data(& tb, u4_(smem.cube.verts));
+				tb_data(& tb, u4_(ordering_buf));
+
+			for (U4 i = 0; i < Cube_num_faces; i++) {
+				// Two triangles per quad face: (x,y,z) and (x,z,w)
+				tb_emit(& tb, cube_g4_face);
+			}
+
+			tb_emit(& tb, sync_primitive_arena);
+				tb_data(& tb, u4_(& pa->used));
+				tb_data(& tb, prim_base);
+		}
+		tape_run(tb_slice(tb));
+
+		smem.cube.rot.y += 30;
+	}
+	// Draw Floor
+	if (0)
+	{
+		m3s2_rotation   (& smem.floor.rot,   & smem.tform_world);
+		m3s2_translation(& smem.tform_world, & smem.floor.pos);
+		m3s2_scale      (& smem.tform_world, & smem.floor.scale);
+		gte_matrix_set_rotation   (& smem.tform_world);
+		gte_matrix_set_translation(& smem.tform_world);
+		for (U4 face_id = 0; face_id < Floor_num_faces; face_id += 1)
+		{
+			Poly_F3* tri = prim_alloc(Poly_F3); set_poly_f3(tri);
+			tri->color   = rgb8(255, 255, 255);
+
+			V3_S2* face = & smem.floor.faces[face_id];
+			register V3_S2* p0 rgcc(R_T4) = & smem.floor.verts[face->x];
+			register V3_S2* p1 rgcc(R_T5) = & smem.floor.verts[face->y];
+			register V3_S2* p2 rgcc(R_T6) = & smem.floor.verts[face->z];
+
+			gte_load_v0(p0, R_T4);
+			/*
+			asm volatile( ".word " "%0" ", %1" : : 
+				"i"(((op_lwc2 & OPCODE_MASK) << OPCODE_SHIFT) | ((R_T4 & REG_MASK) << RS_SHIFT) | ((gte_in_v0_xy & REG_MASK) << RT_SHIFT) | (0            & IMM_MASK)),
+				"i"(((op_lwc2 & OPCODE_MASK) << OPCODE_SHIFT) | ((R_T4 & REG_MASK) << RS_SHIFT) | ((gte_in_v0_z  & REG_MASK) << RT_SHIFT) | (GTE_Z_Offset & IMM_MASK)), 
+				"r"(p0) : 
+				"$2", "$8", "$9", "$31", "memory" 
+			);
+			*/
+			gte_load_v1(p1, R_T5);
+			gte_load_v2(p2, R_T6);
+
+			gte_rtpt();
+			gte_nclip();
+			gte_stotz(& nclip);
+
+			// nclip = rtp_avg_nclip_a3_v3s2(p0, p1, p2
+			// 	, & tri->p0, & tri->p1, & tri->p2
+			// 	, & p, & orderingtbl_z, & flag
+			// );
+			// if (nclip <= 0) {
+			// 	continue;
+			// }
+
+			if (nclip > 0 ) {
+				gte_stsxy3(& tri->p0, & tri->p1, & tri->p2);
+				gte_avsz3();
+				gte_stotz(& orderingtbl_z);
+
+				if ((orderingtbl_z > 0) && (orderingtbl_z < OrderingTbl_Len)) {
+					orderingtbl_add_primitive(ordering_buf[orderingtbl_z], tri);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		smem.floor.rot.y += 5;
+	}
+	// Draw floor tape method
+	if (1)
+	{
+		m3s2_rotation   (& smem.floor.rot,   & smem.tform_world);
+		m3s2_translation(& smem.tform_world, & smem.floor.pos);
+		m3s2_scale      (& smem.tform_world, & smem.floor.scale);
+
+		U4 prim_base   = u4_(pa->buf[smem.active_buf_id]);
+		U4 prim_cursor = prim_base + pa->used;
+
+		// TODO(Ed): We should do a bounds check beforehand to confirm pa can hold all tris?
+		// The tape atoms in-flight should not need to care.
+
+		// Prepare the tape. (Push protocol to tape)
+		tb.used = 0; tb_scope(& tb) {
+			tb_emit(& tb, set_gte_world);
+				tb_data(& tb, u4_(& smem.tform_world));
+
+			tb_emit(& tb, rbind_floor_f3_face);
+			// TODO(Ed): Just use a single context struct ref
+				tb_data(& tb, prim_cursor);
+				tb_data(& tb, u4_(smem.floor.faces));
+				tb_data(& tb, u4_(smem.floor.verts));
+				tb_data(& tb, u4_(ordering_buf));
+			for (U4 i = 0; i < Floor_num_faces; i++) {
+				tb_emit(& tb, floor_f3_face);
+			}
+			// After floor_f3_face iterations complete, the primitive arena's used counter needs updating.
+			tb_emit(& tb, sync_primitive_arena);
+				tb_data(& tb, u4_(& pa->used));
+				tb_data(& tb, prim_base);
+		}
+		tape_run(tb_slice(tb));// Fire off the tape.
+
+		// C-side state (pa->used) has already been updated by the tape!
+		smem.floor.rot.y += 5;
+	}
+	// --- TAPE DIAGNOSTICS ---
+	if (0)
+	{
+		LP_ U4 mem_temp_tape[512]; FArena tape_arena; farena_init(& tape_arena, slice_ut_arr(mem_temp_tape));
+		TapeBuilder tb = tb_make_old(& tape_arena); tb_scope(& tb) {
+			// Skip set_gte_world atom for diagnostics to isolate the triangle loop
+			for (U4 i = 0; i < Floor_num_faces; i++) {
+				// tb_emit(& tb, code_diag_yield);
+				// tb_emit(& tb, code_diag_color);
+				// tb_emit(& tb, code_diag_gte); 
+			}
+		}
+		B1* prim_cursor = (B1*)r_(pa->buf)[smem.active_buf_id] + pa->used;
+		tape_run(tb_slice(tb));
+		pa->used = (U4)prim_cursor - (U4)r_(pa->buf)[smem.active_buf_id];
+	}
+}
+GCC_OPTIMIZATION_ENABLE
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	smem = (SMemory){0};
+	smem.scratchpad = C_(U4_V, 0x1F800000);
+	smem.primitives.used = 0;
+	ent_cube128_init(& smem.cube.verts, & smem.cube.faces); {
+		Ent_Cube* cube = & smem.cube;
+		cube->rot    = v3s2(0, 0, 0);
+		// cube->pos    = v3s4(0, 0, 900);
+		cube->scale  = v3s4_fp_one();
+		cube->accel  = v3s4(0, 1, 0);
+		cube->pos    = v3s4(0, -400, 1800);
+	}
+	ent_floor_init(& smem.floor.verts, & smem.floor.faces); {
+		Ent_Floor* floor = & smem.floor;
+		floor->rot   = v3s2(0, 0, 0);
+		floor->pos   = v3s4(0, 450, 1800);
+		floor->scale = v3s4_fp_one();
+	}
+	// gknown gp_screen_init();
+	gp_screen_init_c11(& smem.screen_buf, & smem.active_buf_id);
+	while (1) {
+		gknown S4* active_buf_id  = & smem.active_buf_id;
+		gknown U4* ordering_buf   = r_(smem.ordering_tbl)[active_buf_id[0]];
+		gknown PrimitiveArena* pa = & smem.primitives;
+		update(pa, ordering_buf);
+		render();
+		gp_display_frame(& smem.screen_buf, active_buf_id, ordering_buf, pa);
+	};
+	return 0;
+}

code/hello_joypad/hello_joypad.h

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	pragma once
+#	include "duffle/dsl.h"
+#	include "duffle/math.h"
+#	include "duffle/gp.h"
+#endif
+
+enum {
+	PrimitiveBuff_Len = 4096,
+	OrderingTbl_Len   = 2048
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(DrawEnv_Packed) { U4 tag; U4 code[15]; };
+typedef Struct_(DrawEnv) {
+	Rect_S2 clip_area;
+	A2_S2   drawing_offset;
+	Rect_S2 texture_window;
+	S2      texture_page;
+	B1      flag_dither;	
+	B1      flag_draw_on_display;
+	B1      enable_auto_clear;
+	RGB8    initial_bg_color;
+	DrawEnv_Packed dr_env; // reserved
+};
+typedef Struct_(DisplayEnv) {
+	Rect_S2 display_area;
+	Rect_S2 screen;
+	B1      vinterlace;
+	B1      color24;
+	B1      pad0;
+	B1      pad1;
+};
+typedef Array_(DrawEnv,    2);
+typedef Array_(DisplayEnv, 2);
+typedef Struct_(DoubleBuffer) {
+	A2_DrawEnv    draw;
+	A2_DisplayEnv display;
+};
+
+#define ScreenRes_X 320
+#define ScreenRes_Y 240
+#define ScreenZ     320
+#define ScreenRes_CenterX (ScreenRes_X >> 1)
+#define ScreenRes_CenterY (ScreenRes_Y >> 1)
+
+DisplayEnv* displayenv_init(DisplayEnv* env, S4 x, S4 y, S4 w, S4 h) __asm__("SetDefDispEnv");
+DrawEnv*    drawenv_init   (DrawEnv*    env, S4 x, S4 y, S4 w, S4 h) __asm__("SetDefDrawEnv");
+
+DisplayEnv* displayenv_put(DisplayEnv* env) __asm__("PutDispEnv");
+DrawEnv*    drawenv_put   (DrawEnv*    env) __asm__("PutDrawEnv");
+
+U4   geom_init(void)             __asm__("InitGeom");
+void geom_set_offset(U4 x, U4 y) __asm__("SetGeomOffset");
+void geom_set_screen(U4 h)       __asm__("SetGeomScreen");
+
+U4* orderingtbl_clear_reverse(U4* ot, U4 len) __asm__("ClearOTagR");
+
+U4 reset_graph(U4 mode)           __asm__("ResetGraph");
+void set_display_enabled(U4 mask) __asm__("SetDispMask");
+
+U4 draw_sync(U4 mode) __asm__("DrawSync");
+U4 vsync(U4 mode)     __asm__("VSync");
+
+void draw_orderingtbl(U4* buf) __asm__("DrawOTag");
+
+typedef Struct_(Tile) {
+	U4      tag;
+	RGB8    color;
+	B1      code;
+	Rect_S2 rect;
+};
+
+/*
+	Linear Algebra
+*/
+
+M3_S2* m3s2_rotation   (V3_S2* vec, M3_S2* mat) __asm__("RotMatrix");
+M3_S2* m3s2_translation(M3_S2* mat, V3_S4* vec) __asm__("TransMatrix");
+M3_S2* m3s2_scale      (M3_S2* mat, V3_S4* vec) __asm__("ScaleMatrix");
+
+// Rotation, Translation, Perspective
+
+S4 rtp_v3s2_raw(V3_S2* vec, S4* xy, S4* pp, S4* flag) __asm__("RotTransPers");
+FI_ S4 rtp_v3s2(V3_S2* vec, V2_S2* xy, A2_S2* pp, S4* flag) { return rtp_v3s2_raw(vec, C_(S4*R_, & xy->x), C_(S4*R_, pp), r_(flag)); }
+
+S4 rtp_avg_nclip_a3_v3s2_raw(V3_S2* v0, V3_S2* v1, V3_S2* v2, S4* xy1, S4* xy2, S4* xy3, S4* pp, S4* otz, S4* flag) __asm__("RotAverageNclip3");
+FI_  S4 rtp_avg_nclip_a3_v3s2(
+	V3_S2* v0,  V3_S2* v1,  V3_S2* v2, 
+	V2_S2* xy0, V2_S2* xy1, V2_S2* xy2, 
+	A2_S2* pp, S4* otz, S4* flag
+){
+	return rtp_avg_nclip_a3_v3s2_raw(
+		v0, v1, v2, 
+		C_(S4*R_, xy0), C_(S4*R_, xy1), C_(S4*R_, xy2),
+		C_(S4*R_, pp),  C_(S4*R_, otz), C_(S4*R_, flag)
+	);
+}
+
+S4 rtp_avg_nclip_a4_v3s2_raw(V3_S2* v0, V3_S2* v1, V3_S2* v2, V3_S2* v3, S4* xy1, S4* xy2, S4* xy3, S4* xy4, S4* pp, S4* otz, S4* flag) __asm__("RotAverageNclip4");
+FI_ S4 rtp_avg_nclip_a4_v3s2(
+	V3_S2* v0,  V3_S2* v1,  V3_S2* v2,  V3_S2* v3,
+	V2_S2* xy0, V2_S2* xy1, V2_S2* xy2, V2_S2* xy3,
+	A2_S2* pp,  S4* otz,    S4* flag
+){
+	return rtp_avg_nclip_a4_v3s2_raw(
+		v0, v1, v2, v3,
+		C_(S4*R_, xy0), C_(S4*R_, xy1), C_(S4*R_, xy2), C_(S4*R_, xy3),
+		C_(S4*R_, pp),  C_(S4*R_, otz), C_(S4*R_, flag)
+	);
+}
+
+void gte_matrix_set_rotation   (M3_S2* mat) __asm__("SetRotMatrix");
+void gte_matrix_set_translation(M3_S2* mat) __asm__("SetTransMatrix");
+
+enum {
+	fp_one = (1 << 12),
+};
+
+#define v3s4_fp_one() v3s4(fp_one, fp_one, fp_one)

code/hello_joypad/hello_joypad.tape.c

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	include "duffle/gen/duffle.macs.h"
+#	include "duffle/gen/duffle.offsets.h"
+#	include "duffle/atom_dsl.h"
+#	include "duffle/lottes_tape.h"
+#	include "duffle/word_count.metadata.h"
+#	include "gen/hello_joypad.offsets.h"
+#	include "hello_joypad.h"
+#endif
+
+#pragma region MACs (Mips Atom components)
+
+
+
+#pragma endregion MACs
+
+#pragma region Baked Atoms
+
+typedef Struct_(Binds_CubeTri) {
+	U4     PrimCursor;
+	V4_S2* FaceCursor;
+	V3_S2* VertBase;
+	U4*    OtBase;
+};
+internal MipsAtom_(rbind_cube_g4_face) atom_info(atom_bind(Binds_CubeTri), atom_phase(cube_g4)
+,	atom_reads(R_TapePtr)
+,	atom_writes(R_PrimCursor, R_FaceCursor, R_VertBase, R_OtBase)
+){
+	/* Pop 4 arguments from the tape directly into the workspace registers */
+	load_word(R_PrimCursor, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_CubeTri,PrimCursor)),
+	load_word(R_FaceCursor, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_CubeTri,FaceCursor)),
+	load_word(R_VertBase,   R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_CubeTri,VertBase)),
+	load_word(R_OtBase,     R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_CubeTri,OtBase)),
+	add_ui_self(            R_TapePtr, S_(Binds_CubeTri)),
+	mac_yield()
+};
+
+ // cube_g4_face — Draw one cube face (Gouraud-shaded quad) via the GTE tape pipeline
+internal
+MipsAtom_(cube_g4_face) atom_info(atom_phase(cube_g4),
+		atom_reads( R_PrimCursor, R_FaceCursor, R_VertBase, R_OtBase),
+		atom_writes(R_PrimCursor, R_FaceCursor)
+){
+	load_half_u(R_T0, R_FaceCursor, 0 * S_(S2)),
+	load_half_u(R_T1, R_FaceCursor, 1 * S_(S2)),
+	load_half_u(R_T2, R_FaceCursor, 2 * S_(S2)),
+	load_half_u(R_T3, R_FaceCursor, 3 * S_(S2)),
+
+	mac_gte_load_tri_verts(R_T0, R_T1, R_T2),
+	nop2, gte_cmdw_rotate_translate_perspective_triple, // required cpu -> gte delay slot
+	gte_cmdw_nclip,
+
+	gte_mv_from_data_r(R_T0, C2_MAC0), nop,
+	branch_le_zero(R_T0, atom_offset(cull, cube_g4_face_exit)), nop,
+		store_word(R_0, R_PrimCursor, O_(Poly_G4, tag)),
+		shift_lleft(R_AT, R_T3, v3s2_byteoff), add_u(R_AT, R_AT, R_VertBase),
+		load_word(R_V0, R_AT, O_(V3_S2, x)),   load_word(R_V1, R_AT, O_(V3_S2, z)),
+		gte_mv_to_data_r(R_V0, C2_VXY0),       gte_mv_to_data_r(R_V1, C2_VZ0),
+
+		mac_gte_store_g4_p012(),
+		gte_cmdw_rotate_translate_perspective_single,
+		mac_gte_store_g4_p3(),
+
+		gte_cmdw_avg_sort_z4,
+		gte_mv_from_data_r(R_T1, C2_OTZ),
+		add_ui(      R_AT, R_0,  OrderingTbl_Len),
+		set_lt_u(    R_AT, R_T1, R_AT),
+
+		branch_equal(R_AT, R_0,  atom_offset(bounds_chk, cube_g4_face_exit)), nop,
+			mac_insert_ot_tag_g4(),
+			mac_format_g4_color(
+				/* c0 magenta */ 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF,
+				/* c1 yellow  */ 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00,
+				/* c2 cyan    */ 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+				/* c3 green   */ 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00),
+		// end: branch(bounds_chk)
+// end: branch(cull)
+
+atom_label(cube_g4_face_exit)
+	add_ui_self(R_PrimCursor, S_(Poly_G4)),     /* 9 words = Poly_G4 */
+	add_ui_self(R_FaceCursor, S_(S2) * 4),      /* 4 × S2 = 8 bytes */
+	mac_yield()
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(Binds_FloorTri) {
+	U4     PrimCursor;
+	V3_S2* FaceCursor;
+	V3_S2* VertBase;
+	U4*    OtBase;
+};
+internal
+MipsAtom_(rbind_floor_f3_face) atom_info(atom_bind(Binds_FloorTri), atom_phase(floor_f3)
+	, atom_reads(R_TapePtr)
+	, atom_writes(R_PrimCursor, R_FaceCursor, R_VertBase, R_OtBase)
+){
+	/* Pop 4 arguments from the tape directly into the workspace registers */
+	load_word(R_PrimCursor, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_FloorTri,PrimCursor)),
+	load_word(R_FaceCursor, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_FloorTri,FaceCursor)),
+	load_word(R_VertBase,   R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_FloorTri,VertBase)),
+	load_word(R_OtBase,     R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_FloorTri,OtBase)),
+	add_ui_self(            R_TapePtr, S_(Binds_FloorTri)),
+	mac_yield()
+};
+
+// atom_dbg_skip
+internal
+MipsAtom_(floor_f3_face) atom_info(atom_phase(floor_f3)
+	, atom_reads( R_PrimCursor, R_FaceCursor, R_VertBase, R_OtBase)
+	, atom_writes(R_PrimCursor, R_FaceCursor)
+) {
+	mac_load_tri_indices(  R_T0, R_T1, R_T2),
+	mac_gte_load_tri_verts(R_T0, R_T1, R_T2),
+	nop2, gte_cmdw_rotate_translate_perspective_triple, // 2 nops retire the final cpu -> gte writes before RTPT
+	gte_cmdw_nclip,
+
+	/* Culling (Branch forward if Backface) */
+	gte_mv_from_data_r(R_T0, C2_MAC0),
+	nop, branch_le_zero(R_T0, atom_offset(culling, floor_f3_face_exit)), nop, // required gte -> cpu load-delay slot. 
+	/* Format Primitive */
+	mac_gte_store_f3(),
+
+	/* Calculate Depth */
+	gte_avg_sort_z3,
+	gte_mv_from_data_r(R_T1, C2_OTZ),
+	/* Bounds Check OTZ < 2048 (Branch forward to skip insertion) */
+	add_ui(      R_AT, R_0,  OrderingTbl_Len),
+	set_lt_u(    R_AT, R_T1, R_AT),
+	branch_equal(R_AT, R_0,  atom_offset(bounds_chk, floor_f3_face_exit)), nop,
+	mac_format_f3_color(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF),  // RGB-form (R=FF, G=FF, B=FF = white)
+	mac_insert_ot_tag_f3(),                 /* Insert into Ordering Table Linked List */
+	add_ui_self(R_PrimCursor, S_(Poly_F3)), /* Advance Prim Cursor (5 words) */
+		// Note(Ed): No bounds checking, should be checked before atom runs.
+
+/* Advance Input Cursor & Yield (Both branch targets land here) */
+atom_label(floor_f3_face_exit)
+	add_ui_self(R_FaceCursor, S_(S2) * 4),  /* Advance Face Cursor (4 * S2 = 8 bytes) */
+	mac_yield()
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(Binds_SyncPrimitiveArena) { U4 used; U4 cursor; };
+internal MipsAtom_(sync_primitive_arena) atom_info(atom_bind(Binds_SyncPrimitiveArena)
+	, atom_reads( R_TapePtr, R_PrimCursor)
+	, atom_writes(R_TapePtr)
+){
+	load_word(R_AT, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_SyncPrimitiveArena,used)),
+	load_word(R_T0, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_SyncPrimitiveArena,cursor)),
+	add_ui_self(    R_TapePtr, S_(Binds_SyncPrimitiveArena)),
+	/* Calculate byte offset and store directly back to RAM */
+	sub_u(     R_T0, R_PrimCursor, R_T0), // R_T0    = R_PrimCursor - binds.cursor
+	store_word(R_T0, R_AT, 0),            // R_AT[0] = R_T0
+	mac_yield()
+};
+
+#pragma endregion Baked Atoms

scripts/build_psyq.ps1

@@ -458,8 +458,112 @@ function build-hello_gte {
 		}
 	}
 }
-build-hello_gte
+# build-hello_gte
 
+function build-hello_joypad {
+	$includes += @()
+
+	$path_module        = join-path $path_code   'hello_joypad'
+	$path_duffle        = join-path $path_code   'duffle'
+	$path_atom_metadata = join-path $path_duffle 'word_count.metadata.h'
+	$path_build_gen     = join-path $path_build  'gen'
+
+	$src_c = join-path $path_module 'hello_joypad.c'
+	ps1-meta -unity_root $src_c -metadata $path_atom_metadata -out_root $path_build_gen
+
+	$assemble_args = @()
+	$assemble_args += $f_debug
+	$assemble_args += $f_optimize_none
+	$assemble_args += ($f_include + $path_code)
+
+	$src_asm_crt    = join-path $path_nugget_common 'crt0/crt0.s'
+	$module_asm_crt = join-path $path_build         'crt0.o'
+	assemble-unit $src_asm_crt $module_asm_crt $includes $assemble_args
+
+	$module_c = join-path $path_build  'hello_joypad_c.o'
+
+	$compile_args = @()
+	$compile_args += $f_debug
+	$compile_args += $f_optimize_none
+	# $compile_args += $f_optimize_intrinsics
+	# $compile_args += $f_optimize_size
+	# $compile_args += $f_optimize_debug
+	$compile_args += ($f_include + $path_code)
+	compile-unit $src_c $module_c $includes $compile_args
+
+	$elf = join-path $path_build 'hello_joypad.elf'
+	$exe = join-path $path_build 'hello_joypad.ps-exe'
+
+	$link_args = @()
+	$link_args += $f_debug
+	# $link_args += $f_optimize_size
+	$link_modules = @(
+		$module_asm_crt,
+		$module_c
+	)
+	link-modules $link_modules $elf $link_args
+	make-binary $elf $exe
+
+	# Post-link: gdb-runtime + dwarf-injection in a single Lua invocation (one luajit cold start).
+	ps1-meta -unity_root $src_c -metadata $path_atom_metadata -out_root $path_build_gen -passes @('--post-link') ` -extra_args @('--elf', $elf)
+
+	$dwarfLineBin     = join-path $path_build_gen 'hello_joypad.dwarf_line.bin'
+	$dwarfArangesBin  = join-path $path_build_gen 'hello_joypad.dwarf_aranges.bin'
+	$dwarfRnglistsBin = join-path $path_build_gen 'hello_joypad.dwarf_rnglists.bin'
+	$injectElf        = join-path $path_build 'hello_joypad.dwarf-injected.elf'
+	if ((Test-Path $dwarfLineBin) -and (Test-Path $dwarfArangesBin) -and (Test-Path $dwarfRnglistsBin))
+	{
+		Write-Host "[build] DWARF-injecting $elf -> $injectElf"
+		Copy-Item -LiteralPath $elf -Destination $injectElf -Force
+		# Objcopy call: 3x --update-section for (line, aranges, rnglists).
+		$f_args = @(
+			"--update-section=.debug_line=$dwarfLineBin",
+			"--update-section=.debug_aranges=$dwarfArangesBin",
+			"--update-section=.debug_rnglists=$dwarfRnglistsBin"
+		)
+		& $Objcopy @f_args $injectElf 2>&1 | Out-Null
+		if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
+			Write-Warning "[build] objcopy F' splice failed (exit $LASTEXITCODE); removing $injectElf"
+			Remove-Item -LiteralPath $injectElf -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+			return;
+		}
+
+		$dwarfInfoBin     = join-path $path_build_gen 'hello_joypad.dwarf_info.bin'
+		$dwarfAbbrevBin   = join-path $path_build_gen 'hello_joypad.dwarf_abbrev.bin'
+		$dwarfStrBin      = join-path $path_build_gen 'hello_joypad.dwarf_str.bin'
+		$dwarfLocBin      = join-path $path_build_gen 'hello_joypad.dwarf_loc.bin'
+		$dwarfLoclistsBin = join-path $path_build_gen 'hello_joypad.dwarf_loclists.bin'
+		$g_args = @(
+			"--update-section=.debug_info=$dwarfInfoBin",
+			"--update-section=.debug_abbrev=$dwarfAbbrevBin",
+			"--update-section=.debug_str=$dwarfStrBin",
+			"--add-section=.debug_loc=$dwarfLocBin",
+			"--add-section=.debug_loclists=$dwarfLoclistsBin"
+		)
+		& $Objcopy @g_args $injectElf 2>&1 | Out-Null
+		if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
+			Write-Warning "[build] objcopy G' splice failed (exit $LASTEXITCODE); removing $injectElf"
+			Remove-Item -LiteralPath $injectElf -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+			return;
+		}
+
+		# Baked atoms execute from RAM but are emitted as C data arrays, so their ELF sections lack SHF_EXECINSTR.
+		# GDB discards line rows for non-code sections. Mark only the debug-copy sections executable.
+		# The original ELF and PS-EXE remain byte/flag unchanged.
+		& $Objcopy `
+			--set-section-flags ".rodata=alloc,load,readonly,code,contents" `
+			--set-section-flags ".data=alloc,load,data,code,contents" `
+			$injectElf 2>&1 | Out-Null
+		if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
+			Write-Warning "[build] atom-section flag update failed (exit $LASTEXITCODE); removing $injectElf"
+			Remove-Item -LiteralPath $injectElf -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+		} 
+		else {
+			Write-Host "[build] DWARF-injected ELF: $injectElf"
+		}
+	}
+}
+build-hello_joypad
 
 # NO idea if this works yet...
 function Send-ToEmulator { param( [string]$exePath )

scripts/passes/dwarf_injection.lua

@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ local DW_AT_inline           = 0x20   -- DWARF5 §7.7.1: DW_AT_inline (used by a
 local DW_AT_decl_file        = 0x3A   -- DWARF5 §7.7.1: DW_AT_decl_file (1-based file index into the CU's file table)
 local DW_AT_decl_line        = 0x3B   -- DWARF5 §7.7.1: DW_AT_decl_line
 
+-- TODO(Ed): Remove this HARDCODE
 -- File index lookup table for the existing main line unit (Unit 2).
 -- Provenance paths come back with mixed slashes; we normalize to basename and look up against the line unit's actual file table.
 -- Current scope has two provenance basenames: hello_gte_tape.c (the atom's call site) and lottes_tape.h (the component definition).
@@ -162,7 +163,8 @@ local DW_AT_decl_line        = 0x3B   -- DWARF5 §7.7.1: DW_AT_decl_line
 -- headers that are pure macros/typedefs (dsl.h, memory.h, math.h, mips.h, gp.h, gte.h, etc.) never appear.
 -- lottes_tape.h is the FIRST include that emits line entries (MipsAtomComp_ declarations), so it is the FIRST entry after the primary file.
 local PROVENANCE_BASENAME_TO_FILE_INDEX = {
-	["hello_gte_tape.c"] = ATOM_SOURCE_FILE_INDEX,  -- = 11
+	["hello_joypad.tape.c"] = ATOM_SOURCE_FILE_INDEX,  -- = 11
+	["hello_gte.tape.c"] = ATOM_SOURCE_FILE_INDEX,  -- = 11
 	["lottes_tape.h"]    = 2,
 }