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perfaware/code/8086/encoder.h
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ed 6bb1386995 last updates to comp-time encoder.
2026-09-09 18:25:05 -04:00

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#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
# pragma once
# include "duffle/dsl.h"
#endif
/* Intel 8086 Family User's Manual, Oct 1979 (9800722-03) ch.4 p.4-18,
Figure 4-20, Table 4-11, Table 4-12.
Figure 4-20 byte 1:
7 hole 0
+------------+-------------+
| OPCODE | fields |
+------------+-------------+
^ ^
| d, w, s, v, z, reg, cccc (Table 4-11)
Table 4-12 identifying bits (width 4..8)
Construction:
header = (opcode << hole) | fields
X8616_Opcode = the unshifted identifying bits
X8616_Encoding.header = BytePattern for that packed byte
INC AX:
Table 4-12: 0 1 0 0 0 reg
opcode = 01000, hole = 3, reg = AX
header = (01000 << 3) | 000 = 0x40
BytePattern.mask = bits that must match (opcode bits + any fixed literals). */
typedef Struct_(X8616_BytePattern) { U1 bits; U1 mask; };
typedef Struct_(X8616_BitField) { U1 shift; U1 width; };
// width field size in bits; 0 means this encoding skips it.
// d w s v z reg sr = Table 4-11. alu = ttt, cc = cccc (catalog).
typedef Struct_(X8616_HeaderFields) {
X8616_BitField d;
X8616_BitField w;
X8616_BitField s;
X8616_BitField v;
X8616_BitField z;
X8616_BitField reg;
X8616_BitField sr;
X8616_BitField alu;
X8616_BitField cc;
};
#define x8616_field_mask(shift, width) u1_(((1u << (width)) - 1u) << (shift))
#define x8616_header_opcode_mask(field_width) u1_(~((1u << (field_width)) - 1u))
#define x8616_opc(opcode, field_width) ((X8616_BytePattern){ u1_((opcode) << (field_width)), x8616_header_opcode_mask(field_width) })
#define x8616_opc_byte(opcode) x8616_opc((opcode), 0)
#define x8616_opcode_in(header, hole) ((header) >> (hole)) /* fields-zeroed byte 1 → identifying bits */
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Op) {
x8616_op_invalid = 0x00,
x8616_op_nop = 0x01,
x8616_op_mov = 0x02,
x8616_op_add = 0x03,
x8616_op_or = 0x04,
x8616_op_adc = 0x05,
x8616_op_sbb = 0x06,
x8616_op_and = 0x07,
x8616_op_sub = 0x08,
x8616_op_xor = 0x09,
x8616_op_cmp = 0x0A,
x8616_op_push = 0x0B,
x8616_op_pop = 0x0C,
x8616_op_xchg = 0x0D,
x8616_op_in = 0x0E,
x8616_op_out = 0x0F,
x8616_op_xlat = 0x10,
x8616_op_lea = 0x11,
x8616_op_lds = 0x12,
x8616_op_les = 0x13,
x8616_op_lahf = 0x14,
x8616_op_sahf = 0x15,
x8616_op_pushf = 0x16,
x8616_op_popf = 0x17,
x8616_op_inc = 0x18,
x8616_op_aaa = 0x19,
x8616_op_daa = 0x1A,
x8616_op_dec = 0x1B,
x8616_op_neg = 0x1C,
x8616_op_aas = 0x1D,
x8616_op_das = 0x1E,
x8616_op_mul = 0x1F,
x8616_op_imul = 0x20,
x8616_op_aam = 0x21,
x8616_op_div = 0x22,
x8616_op_idiv = 0x23,
x8616_op_aad = 0x24,
x8616_op_cbw = 0x25,
x8616_op_cwd = 0x26,
x8616_op_not = 0x27,
x8616_op_shl = 0x28,
x8616_op_shr = 0x29,
x8616_op_sar = 0x2A,
x8616_op_rol = 0x2B,
x8616_op_ror = 0x2C,
x8616_op_rcl = 0x2D,
x8616_op_rcr = 0x2E,
x8616_op_test = 0x2F,
x8616_op_rep = 0x30,
x8616_op_movs = 0x31,
x8616_op_cmps = 0x32,
x8616_op_scas = 0x33,
x8616_op_lods = 0x34,
x8616_op_stos = 0x35,
x8616_op_call = 0x36,
x8616_op_jmp = 0x37,
x8616_op_ret = 0x38,
x8616_op_retf = 0x39,
x8616_op_je = 0x3A,
x8616_op_jl = 0x3B,
x8616_op_jle = 0x3C,
x8616_op_jb = 0x3D,
x8616_op_jbe = 0x3E,
x8616_op_jp = 0x3F,
x8616_op_jo = 0x40,
x8616_op_js = 0x41,
x8616_op_jne = 0x42,
x8616_op_jnl = 0x43,
x8616_op_jg = 0x44,
x8616_op_jnb = 0x45,
x8616_op_ja = 0x46,
x8616_op_jnp = 0x47,
x8616_op_jno = 0x48,
x8616_op_jns = 0x49,
x8616_op_loop = 0x4A,
x8616_op_loopz = 0x4B,
x8616_op_loopnz = 0x4C,
x8616_op_jcxz = 0x4D,
x8616_op_int = 0x4E,
x8616_op_int3 = 0x4F,
x8616_op_into = 0x50,
x8616_op_iret = 0x51,
x8616_op_clc = 0x52,
x8616_op_cmc = 0x53,
x8616_op_stc = 0x54,
x8616_op_cld = 0x55,
x8616_op_std = 0x56,
x8616_op_cli = 0x57,
x8616_op_sti = 0x58,
x8616_op_hlt = 0x59,
x8616_op_wait = 0x5A,
x8616_op_lock = 0x5B,
x8616_op_segment = 0x5C,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Operand) {
x8616_operand_none = 0x00,
x8616_operand_rm = 0x01,
x8616_operand_reg_modrm = 0x02,
x8616_operand_reg_opcode = 0x03,
x8616_operand_segment_modrm = 0x04,
x8616_operand_segment_opcode = 0x05,
x8616_operand_acc = 0x06,
x8616_operand_imm = 0x07,
x8616_operand_imm8 = 0x08,
x8616_operand_imm16 = 0x09,
x8616_operand_mem_direct = 0x0A,
x8616_operand_rel8 = 0x0B,
x8616_operand_rel16 = 0x0C,
x8616_operand_far_ptr = 0x0D,
x8616_operand_dx = 0x0E,
x8616_operand_shift_count = 0x0F,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_WidthMode) {
x8616_width_dynamic = 0x0,
x8616_width_byte = 0x1,
x8616_width_word = 0x2,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_EncodingFlags) {
x8616_encoding_none = 0b00000000,
x8616_encoding_far = 0b00000001,
x8616_encoding_prefix = 0b00000010,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_DigitKind) {
x8616_digit_none = 0x0,
x8616_digit_alu = 0x1,
x8616_digit_shift = 0x2,
};
typedef Struct_(X8616_Encoding) {
X8616_BytePattern header;
X8616_BytePattern mod_rm;
X8616_BytePattern post_opcode;
X8616_HeaderFields fields;
X8616_Operand operands[2];
X8616_WidthMode width;
X8616_EncodingFlags flags;
X8616_DigitKind digit_kind;
X8616_Op op;
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Width) { // Table 4-7 W
x8616_w_byte = 0b0,
x8616_w_word = 0b1,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Direction) { // Table 4-7 D: REG is dest when 1
x8616_d_rm_dst = 0b0,
x8616_d_reg_dst = 0b1,
x8616_d_acc_dst = x8616_d_rm_dst,
x8616_d_mem_dst = x8616_d_reg_dst,
x8616_d_seg_dst = x8616_d_reg_dst,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Sign) { // Table 4-7 S
x8616_s_full = 0b0,
x8616_s_extend = 0b1,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_VariableShift) { // Table 4-7 V
x8616_v_one = 0b0,
x8616_v_cl = 0b1,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Repeat) { // Table 4-7 Z
x8616_repne = 0b0,
x8616_rep = 0b1,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Mod) {
x8616_mod_mem = 0b00,
x8616_mod_mem_d8 = 0b01,
x8616_mod_mem_d16 = 0b10,
x8616_mod_reg = 0b11,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Reg8) {
x8616_al = 0b000,
x8616_cl = 0b001,
x8616_dl = 0b010,
x8616_bl = 0b011,
x8616_ah = 0b100,
x8616_ch = 0b101,
x8616_dh = 0b110,
x8616_bh = 0b111,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Reg16) {
x8616_ax = 0b000,
x8616_cx = 0b001,
x8616_dx = 0b010,
x8616_bx = 0b011,
x8616_sp = 0b100,
x8616_bp = 0b101,
x8616_si = 0b110,
x8616_di = 0b111,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Segment) {
x8616_es = 0b00,
x8616_cs = 0b01,
x8616_ss = 0b10,
x8616_ds = 0b11,
};
// Table 4-12 B(110) / B(111) beside SR.
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_SRLow) {
x8616_sr_low_push = 0b110,
x8616_sr_low_pop = 0b111,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_EA) {
x8616_ea_bx_si = 0b000,
x8616_ea_bx_di = 0b001,
x8616_ea_bp_si = 0b010,
x8616_ea_bp_di = 0b011,
x8616_ea_si = 0b100,
x8616_ea_di = 0b101,
x8616_ea_bp = 0b110, // mod 01/10
x8616_ea_direct = 0b110, // mod 00
x8616_ea_bx = 0b111,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_ALU) { // ttt in 00 ttt 0 d w and 00 ttt 10 w
x8616_add = 0b000,
x8616_or = 0b001,
x8616_adc = 0b010,
x8616_sbb = 0b011,
x8616_and = 0b100,
x8616_sub = 0b101,
x8616_xor = 0b110,
x8616_cmp = 0b111,
};
RO_ global X8616_Op x8616_op_from_alu[] = {
[x8616_add] = x8616_op_add,
[x8616_or] = x8616_op_or,
[x8616_adc] = x8616_op_adc,
[x8616_sbb] = x8616_op_sbb,
[x8616_and] = x8616_op_and,
[x8616_sub] = x8616_op_sub,
[x8616_xor] = x8616_op_xor,
[x8616_cmp] = x8616_op_cmp,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Group3) { // ModR/M /digit of 1111011 w
x8616_g3_test = 0b000,
x8616_g3_not = 0b010,
x8616_g3_neg = 0b011,
x8616_g3_mul = 0b100,
x8616_g3_imul = 0b101,
x8616_g3_div = 0b110,
x8616_g3_idiv = 0b111,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_IncDec) { // /0 /1 of 1111111 w
x8616_inc = 0b000,
x8616_dec = 0b001,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_GroupFF) { // /2../6 of 1111111 w=1
x8616_ff_call_near = 0b010,
x8616_ff_call_far = 0b011,
x8616_ff_jmp_near = 0b100,
x8616_ff_jmp_far = 0b101,
x8616_ff_push = 0b110,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Shift) { // /digit of 110100 v w
x8616_rol = 0b000,
x8616_ror = 0b001,
x8616_rcl = 0b010,
x8616_rcr = 0b011,
x8616_shl = 0b100,
x8616_shr = 0b101,
x8616_sar = 0b111,
};
RO_ global X8616_Op x8616_op_from_shift[] = {
[x8616_rol] = x8616_op_rol,
[x8616_ror] = x8616_op_ror,
[x8616_rcl] = x8616_op_rcl,
[x8616_rcr] = x8616_op_rcr,
[x8616_shl] = x8616_op_shl,
[x8616_shr] = x8616_op_shr,
[0b110] = x8616_op_invalid,
[x8616_sar] = x8616_op_sar,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Condition) { // cccc of 0111 cccc
x8616_cc_o = 0b0000,
x8616_cc_no = 0b0001,
x8616_cc_b = 0b0010,
x8616_cc_nb = 0b0011,
x8616_cc_e = 0b0100,
x8616_cc_ne = 0b0101,
x8616_cc_be = 0b0110,
x8616_cc_a = 0b0111,
x8616_cc_s = 0b1000,
x8616_cc_ns = 0b1001,
x8616_cc_p = 0b1010,
x8616_cc_np = 0b1011,
x8616_cc_l = 0b1100,
x8616_cc_nl = 0b1101,
x8616_cc_le = 0b1110,
x8616_cc_g = 0b1111,
};
RO_ global X8616_Op x8616_op_from_cc[] = {
[x8616_cc_o] = x8616_op_jo,
[x8616_cc_no] = x8616_op_jno,
[x8616_cc_b] = x8616_op_jb,
[x8616_cc_nb] = x8616_op_jnb,
[x8616_cc_e] = x8616_op_je,
[x8616_cc_ne] = x8616_op_jne,
[x8616_cc_be] = x8616_op_jbe,
[x8616_cc_a] = x8616_op_ja,
[x8616_cc_s] = x8616_op_js,
[x8616_cc_ns] = x8616_op_jns,
[x8616_cc_p] = x8616_op_jp,
[x8616_cc_np] = x8616_op_jnp,
[x8616_cc_l] = x8616_op_jl,
[x8616_cc_nl] = x8616_op_jnl,
[x8616_cc_le] = x8616_op_jle,
[x8616_cc_g] = x8616_op_jg,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Digit) {
x8616_digit_0 = 0b000,
};
enum { // hole = low-bit field width in byte 1
X8616_OPCODE_DW_W_SHIFT = 0,
X8616_OPCODE_DW_D_SHIFT = 1,
X8616_OPCODE_DW_HOLE = X8616_OPCODE_DW_D_SHIFT + 1,
X8616_OPCODE_SW_W_SHIFT = 0,
X8616_OPCODE_SW_S_SHIFT = 1,
X8616_OPCODE_SW_HOLE = X8616_OPCODE_SW_S_SHIFT + 1,
X8616_OPCODE_VW_W_SHIFT = 0,
X8616_OPCODE_VW_V_SHIFT = 1,
X8616_OPCODE_VW_HOLE = X8616_OPCODE_VW_V_SHIFT + 1,
X8616_OPCODE_Z_Z_SHIFT = 0,
X8616_OPCODE_Z_HOLE = X8616_OPCODE_Z_Z_SHIFT + 1,
X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT = 0,
X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE = X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT + 1,
X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_SHIFT = 0,
X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_WIDTH = 3,
X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE = X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_SHIFT + X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_WIDTH,
X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_SHIFT = 0,
X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_WIDTH = 3,
X8616_OPCODE_WREG_W_SHIFT = X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_SHIFT + X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_WIDTH,
X8616_OPCODE_WREG_HOLE = X8616_OPCODE_WREG_W_SHIFT + 1,
X8616_OPCODE_D0_D_SHIFT = 1,
X8616_OPCODE_D0_HOLE = X8616_OPCODE_D0_D_SHIFT + 1,
X8616_OPCODE_SR_CLASS_SHIFT = 5,
X8616_OPCODE_CC_WIDTH = 4,
X8616_OPCODE_CC_HOLE = X8616_OPCODE_CC_WIDTH,
};
typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Opcode) { /* identifying bits: fields-zeroed header >> hole */
x8616_opcode_mov_rm_r = x8616_opcode_in(0b10001000, X8616_OPCODE_DW_HOLE), // 100010 d w
x8616_opcode_mov_rm_i = x8616_opcode_in(0b11000110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE), // 1100011 w
x8616_opcode_mov_r_i = x8616_opcode_in(0b10110000, X8616_OPCODE_WREG_HOLE), // 1011 w reg
x8616_opcode_mov_acc_mem = x8616_opcode_in(0b10100000, X8616_OPCODE_DW_HOLE), // 101000 d w
x8616_opcode_mov_seg_rm = x8616_opcode_in(0b10001100, X8616_OPCODE_D0_HOLE), // 100011 d 0
x8616_opcode_push_reg = x8616_opcode_in(0b01010000, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE), // 01010 reg
x8616_opcode_pop_reg = x8616_opcode_in(0b01011000, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE), // 01011 reg
x8616_opcode_xchg_rm_r = x8616_opcode_in(0b10000110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE), // 1000011 w
x8616_opcode_xchg_ax_reg = x8616_opcode_in(0b10010000, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE), // 10010 reg
x8616_opcode_in_i = x8616_opcode_in(0b11100100, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE), // 1110010 w
x8616_opcode_in_dx = x8616_opcode_in(0b11101100, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE), // 1110110 w
x8616_opcode_out_i = x8616_opcode_in(0b11100110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE), // 1110011 w
x8616_opcode_out_dx = x8616_opcode_in(0b11101110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE), // 1110111 w
x8616_opcode_alu_rm_i = x8616_opcode_in(0b10000000, X8616_OPCODE_SW_HOLE), // 100000 s w
x8616_opcode_incdec_rm = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE), // 1111111 w
x8616_opcode_inc_reg = x8616_opcode_in(0b01000000, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE), // 01000 reg
x8616_opcode_dec_reg = x8616_opcode_in(0b01001000, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE), // 01001 reg
x8616_opcode_group3 = x8616_opcode_in(0b11110110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE), // 1111011 w
x8616_opcode_shift_rm = x8616_opcode_in(0b11010000, X8616_OPCODE_VW_HOLE), // 110100 v w
x8616_opcode_test_rm_r = x8616_opcode_in(0b10000100, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE), // 1000010 w
x8616_opcode_test_acc_i = x8616_opcode_in(0b10101000, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE), // 1010100 w
x8616_opcode_rep = x8616_opcode_in(0b11110010, X8616_OPCODE_Z_HOLE), // 1111001 z
x8616_opcode_movs = x8616_opcode_in(0b10100100, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE), // 1010010 w
x8616_opcode_cmps = x8616_opcode_in(0b10100110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
x8616_opcode_scas = x8616_opcode_in(0b10101110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
x8616_opcode_lods = x8616_opcode_in(0b10101100, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
x8616_opcode_stos = x8616_opcode_in(0b10101010, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
x8616_opcode_jcc = x8616_opcode_in(0b01110000, X8616_OPCODE_CC_HOLE), // 0111 cccc
x8616_opcode_sr_stack = x8616_opcode_in(0b00000110, X8616_OPCODE_SR_CLASS_SHIFT), // 000 sr 110
x8616_opcode_sr_override = x8616_opcode_in(0b00100110, X8616_OPCODE_SR_CLASS_SHIFT), // 001 sr 110
x8616_opcode_pop_rm = x8616_opcode_in(0b10001111, 0),
x8616_opcode_xlat = x8616_opcode_in(0b11010111, 0),
x8616_opcode_lea = x8616_opcode_in(0b10001101, 0),
x8616_opcode_lds = x8616_opcode_in(0b11000101, 0),
x8616_opcode_les = x8616_opcode_in(0b11000100, 0),
x8616_opcode_lahf = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011111, 0),
x8616_opcode_sahf = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011110, 0),
x8616_opcode_pushf = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011100, 0),
x8616_opcode_popf = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011101, 0),
x8616_opcode_aaa = x8616_opcode_in(0b00110111, 0),
x8616_opcode_daa = x8616_opcode_in(0b00100111, 0),
x8616_opcode_aas = x8616_opcode_in(0b00111111, 0),
x8616_opcode_das = x8616_opcode_in(0b00101111, 0),
x8616_opcode_aam = x8616_opcode_in(0b11010100, 0),
x8616_opcode_aad = x8616_opcode_in(0b11010101, 0),
x8616_opcode_cbw = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011000, 0),
x8616_opcode_cwd = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011001, 0),
x8616_opcode_call_rel16 = x8616_opcode_in(0b11101000, 0),
x8616_opcode_call_far = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011010, 0),
x8616_opcode_jmp_rel16 = x8616_opcode_in(0b11101001, 0),
x8616_opcode_jmp_rel8 = x8616_opcode_in(0b11101011, 0),
x8616_opcode_jmp_far = x8616_opcode_in(0b11101010, 0),
x8616_opcode_ret = x8616_opcode_in(0b11000011, 0),
x8616_opcode_ret_i = x8616_opcode_in(0b11000010, 0),
x8616_opcode_retf = x8616_opcode_in(0b11001011, 0),
x8616_opcode_retf_i = x8616_opcode_in(0b11001010, 0),
x8616_opcode_loopnz = x8616_opcode_in(0b11100000, 0),
x8616_opcode_loopz = x8616_opcode_in(0b11100001, 0),
x8616_opcode_loop = x8616_opcode_in(0b11100010, 0),
x8616_opcode_jcxz = x8616_opcode_in(0b11100011, 0),
x8616_opcode_int = x8616_opcode_in(0b11001101, 0),
x8616_opcode_int3 = x8616_opcode_in(0b11001100, 0),
x8616_opcode_into = x8616_opcode_in(0b11001110, 0),
x8616_opcode_iret = x8616_opcode_in(0b11001111, 0),
x8616_opcode_clc = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111000, 0),
x8616_opcode_cmc = x8616_opcode_in(0b11110101, 0),
x8616_opcode_stc = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111001, 0),
x8616_opcode_cld = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111100, 0),
x8616_opcode_std = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111101, 0),
x8616_opcode_cli = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111010, 0),
x8616_opcode_sti = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111011, 0),
x8616_opcode_hlt = x8616_opcode_in(0b11110100, 0),
x8616_opcode_wait = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011011, 0),
x8616_opcode_lock = x8616_opcode_in(0b11110000, 0),
};
enum {
X8616_OPCODE_BIT_WIDTH = 1,
X8616_BYTE_MASK = x8616_field_mask(0, 8),
X8616_POST_OPCODE_AAM_AAD = 0b00001010, // AAM/AAD immediate 00001010
/* Hole = field width in the low bits of byte 1.
header = (opcode << HOLE) | fields
OPCODE_MASK = bits of the header that are opcode.
*/
// ModR/M:
// 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
// +-----+-------+-------+
// | mod | reg | r/m |
// +-----+-------+-------+
X8616_MODRM_RM_SHIFT = 0,
X8616_MODRM_RM_WIDTH = 3,
X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT = 3,
X8616_MODRM_REG_WIDTH = 3,
X8616_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT = 6,
X8616_MODRM_MOD_WIDTH = 2,
X8616_MODRM_RM_MASK = x8616_field_mask(X8616_MODRM_RM_SHIFT, X8616_MODRM_RM_WIDTH),
X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK = x8616_field_mask(X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT, X8616_MODRM_REG_WIDTH),
X8616_MODRM_MOD_MASK = x8616_field_mask(X8616_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT, X8616_MODRM_MOD_WIDTH),
X8616_MODRM_SR_SHIFT = 3,
X8616_MODRM_SR_WIDTH = 2,
X8616_MODRM_SR_MASK = x8616_field_mask(X8616_MODRM_SR_SHIFT, X8616_MODRM_SR_WIDTH),
X8616_MODRM_SEG_FIXED_BIT = 5,
X8616_MODRM_SEG_FIXED_MASK = x8616_field_mask(X8616_MODRM_SEG_FIXED_BIT, 1),
X8616_OPCODE_DW_OPCODE_MASK = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_DW_HOLE),
X8616_OPCODE_SW_OPCODE_MASK = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_SW_HOLE),
X8616_OPCODE_VW_OPCODE_MASK = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_VW_HOLE),
X8616_OPCODE_Z_OPCODE_MASK = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_Z_HOLE),
X8616_OPCODE_W_OPCODE_MASK = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_MASK = x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_WIDTH),
X8616_OPCODE_REG_OPCODE_MASK = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE),
X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_MASK = x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_WIDTH),
X8616_OPCODE_WREG_W_MASK = x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_WREG_W_SHIFT, 1),
X8616_OPCODE_WREG_OPCODE_MASK = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_WREG_HOLE),
X8616_OPCODE_D0_OPCODE_MASK = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_D0_HOLE) | x8616_field_mask(0, 1),
X8616_OPCODE_SR_LOW_SHIFT = 0,
X8616_OPCODE_SR_LOW_WIDTH = 3,
X8616_OPCODE_SR_SHIFT = 3,
X8616_OPCODE_SR_WIDTH = 2,
X8616_OPCODE_SR_CLASS_WIDTH = 3,
X8616_OPCODE_SR_MASK = x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_SR_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_SR_WIDTH),
X8616_OPCODE_SR_PATTERN_MASK = u1_(~X8616_OPCODE_SR_MASK),
X8616_OPCODE_CC_SHIFT = 0,
X8616_OPCODE_CC_MASK = x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_CC_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_CC_WIDTH),
// 00 ttt ... class + form live in the matcher
X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS = 0b00,
X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS_SHIFT = 6,
X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS_WIDTH = 2,
X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_SHIFT = 3,
X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_WIDTH = 3,
X8616_OPCODE_ALU_OP_SHIFT = X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_SHIFT,
X8616_OPCODE_ALU_BIT2_SHIFT = 2,
X8616_OPCODE_ALU_RM_FORM = 0b0,
X8616_OPCODE_ALU_ACC_FORM = 0b10,
X8616_OPCODE_ALU_ACC_FORM_SHIFT = 1,
};
// ============================================================================
// Encoding Helpers
FI_ U1 x8616_byte_pattern_matches(U1 byte, X8616_BytePattern pattern) { return (byte & pattern.mask) == pattern.bits; }
FI_ U1 x8616_bit_field_exists (X8616_BitField field) { return field.width != 0; }
FI_ U1 x8616_bit_field_extract (U1 byte, X8616_BitField field) { return (byte >> field.shift) & u1_((1u << field.width) - 1u); }
FI_ U1 x8616_modrm_rm (U1 modrm) { return (modrm & X8616_MODRM_RM_MASK) >> X8616_MODRM_RM_SHIFT; }
FI_ U1 x8616_modrm_reg (U1 modrm) { return (modrm & X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK) >> X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT; }
FI_ U1 x8616_modrm_mod (U1 modrm) { return (modrm & X8616_MODRM_MOD_MASK) >> X8616_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT; }
FI_ U1 x8616_modrm_sr (U1 modrm) { return (modrm & X8616_MODRM_SR_MASK) >> X8616_MODRM_SR_SHIFT; }
// ============================================================================
// Emission DSL
// `enc_*` produces one encoded byte.
// `emit_*` expands to one or more comma-separated bytes.
//
// Intended use:
// RO_ global U1 code[] = {
// x8616_mov_r16_i(x8616_ax, 0x1234),
// x8616_mov_r16_r16(x8616_bx, x8616_ax),
// x8616_add_r16_r16(x8616_ax, x8616_bx),
// x8616_jne(-4),
// };
// ============================================================================
// Shift opcode into the hole, then OR fields:
// x8616_enc_dw(mov_rm_r, d, w) → 100010 d w
#define x8616_enc_dw_opcode(opcode) ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_DW_HOLE)
#define x8616_enc_sw_opcode(opcode) ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_SW_HOLE)
#define x8616_enc_vw_opcode(opcode) ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_VW_HOLE)
#define x8616_enc_z_opcode(opcode) ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_Z_HOLE)
#define x8616_enc_w_opcode(opcode) ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE)
#define x8616_enc_reg_opcode(opcode) ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE)
#define x8616_enc_wreg_opcode(opcode) ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_WREG_HOLE)
#define x8616_enc_d0_opcode(opcode) ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_D0_HOLE)
#define x8616_enc_d(d) ((d) << X8616_OPCODE_DW_D_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_s(s) ((s) << X8616_OPCODE_SW_S_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_v(v) ((v) << X8616_OPCODE_VW_V_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_z(z) ((z) << X8616_OPCODE_Z_Z_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_width(w) ((w) << X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_wreg_width(w) ((w) << X8616_OPCODE_WREG_W_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_reg_field(r) ((r) << X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_sr_field(sr) ((sr) << X8616_OPCODE_SR_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_cc(cc) ((cc) << X8616_OPCODE_CC_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_modrm_mod(mod) ((mod) << X8616_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_modrm_reg(reg) ((reg) << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_modrm_rm(rm) ((rm) << X8616_MODRM_RM_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_modrm_sr(sr) ((sr) << X8616_MODRM_SR_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_dw(opcode,d,w) C_(U1, x8616_enc_dw_opcode(opcode) | x8616_enc_d(d) | x8616_enc_width(w))
#define x8616_enc_sw(opcode,s,w) C_(U1, x8616_enc_sw_opcode(opcode) | x8616_enc_s(s) | x8616_enc_width(w))
#define x8616_enc_vw(opcode,v,w) C_(U1, x8616_enc_vw_opcode(opcode) | x8616_enc_v(v) | x8616_enc_width(w))
#define x8616_enc_zp(opcode,z) C_(U1, x8616_enc_z_opcode(opcode) | x8616_enc_z(z))
#define x8616_enc_w(opcode,w) C_(U1, x8616_enc_w_opcode(opcode) | x8616_enc_width(w))
#define x8616_enc_reg(opcode,reg) C_(U1, x8616_enc_reg_opcode(opcode) | x8616_enc_reg_field(reg))
#define x8616_enc_wreg(opcode,w,reg) C_(U1, x8616_enc_wreg_opcode(opcode) | x8616_enc_wreg_width(w) | x8616_enc_reg_field(reg))
#define x8616_enc_d0(opcode,d) C_(U1, x8616_enc_d0_opcode(opcode) | x8616_enc_d(d))
#define x8616_enc_sr(class,sr,low) C_(U1, ((class) << X8616_OPCODE_SR_CLASS_SHIFT) | x8616_enc_sr_field(sr) | (low))
#define x8616_enc_jcc(cc) C_(U1, (x8616_opcode_jcc << X8616_OPCODE_CC_HOLE) | x8616_enc_cc(cc))
#define x8616_enc_modrm(mod,reg,rm) C_(U1, x8616_enc_modrm_mod(mod) | x8616_enc_modrm_reg(reg) | x8616_enc_modrm_rm(rm))
#define x8616_enc_modrm_seg(mod,sr,rm) C_(U1, x8616_enc_modrm_mod(mod) | x8616_enc_modrm_sr(sr) | x8616_enc_modrm_rm(rm))
// Catalog matchers. header_w: PUSH r/m is incdec_rm + w=1.
// header_d0: MOV sreg 100011 d 0. header_sr: 000 sr 110.
#define x8616_header_w(opcode,w) ((X8616_BytePattern){ x8616_enc_w((opcode), (w)), X8616_BYTE_MASK })
#define x8616_header_sr(class,low) ((X8616_BytePattern){ u1_(((class) << X8616_OPCODE_SR_CLASS_SHIFT) | (low)), X8616_OPCODE_SR_PATTERN_MASK })
#define x8616_header_d0(opcode) ((X8616_BytePattern){ u1_((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_D0_HOLE), X8616_OPCODE_D0_OPCODE_MASK })
// 00 ttt 0 d w and 00 ttt 10 w. Class + ttt + form.
#define x8616_enc_alu_class() (X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS << X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_alu_ttt(ttt) ((ttt) << X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_SHIFT)
#define x8616_enc_alu_op(alu) x8616_enc_alu_ttt(alu)
#define x8616_enc_alu_rm_r(ttt,d,w) C_(U1, x8616_enc_alu_class() | x8616_enc_alu_ttt(ttt) | (X8616_OPCODE_ALU_RM_FORM << X8616_OPCODE_ALU_BIT2_SHIFT) | x8616_enc_d(d) | x8616_enc_width(w))
#define x8616_enc_alu_acc_i(ttt,w) C_(U1, x8616_enc_alu_class() | x8616_enc_alu_ttt(ttt) | (X8616_OPCODE_ALU_ACC_FORM << X8616_OPCODE_ALU_ACC_FORM_SHIFT) | x8616_enc_width(w))
// Scalar / generic packets
#define x8616_emit_u2(value) u2_lo(value), u2_hi(value)
#define x8616_emit_s2(value) x8616_emit_u2(value)
#define x8616_emit_op(opcode) u1_(opcode)
#define x8616_emit_op_i8(opcode,imm) u1_(opcode), u1_(imm)
#define x8616_emit_op_i16(opcode,imm) u1_(opcode), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
#define x8616_emit_op_far(opcode,seg,off) u1_(opcode), x8616_emit_u2(off), x8616_emit_u2(seg)
#define x8616_emit_modrm(header,mod,reg,rm) u1_(header), x8616_enc_modrm(mod,reg,rm)
#define x8616_emit_modrm_d8(header,reg,rm,disp) x8616_emit_modrm (header,x8616_mod_mem_d8,reg,rm), u1_(disp)
#define x8616_emit_modrm_d16(header,reg,rm,disp) x8616_emit_modrm (header,x8616_mod_mem_d16,reg,rm), x8616_emit_s2(disp)
#define x8616_emit_modrm_direct(header,reg,addr) x8616_emit_modrm (header,x8616_mod_mem,reg,x8616_ea_direct), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
#define x8616_emit_modrm_i8(header,mod,reg,rm,imm) x8616_emit_modrm (header,mod,reg,rm), u1_(imm)
#define x8616_emit_modrm_i16(header,mod,reg,rm,imm) x8616_emit_modrm (header,mod,reg,rm), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
#define x8616_emit_modrm_d8_i8(header,reg,rm,disp,imm) x8616_emit_modrm_d8 (header,reg,rm,disp), u1_(imm)
#define x8616_emit_modrm_d8_i16(header,reg,rm,disp,imm) x8616_emit_modrm_d8 (header,reg,rm,disp), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
#define x8616_emit_modrm_d16_i8(header,reg,rm,disp,imm) x8616_emit_modrm_d16(header,reg,rm,disp), u1_(imm)
#define x8616_emit_modrm_d16_i16(header,reg,rm,disp,imm) x8616_emit_modrm_d16(header,reg,rm,disp), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
// r/m + register / immediate packets
#define x8616_emit_rm_r(opcode,d,w,mod,reg,rm) x8616_enc_dw (opcode,d,w), x8616_enc_modrm(mod,reg,rm)
#define x8616_emit_rm_r_d8(opcode,d,w,reg,rm,disp) x8616_emit_rm_r(opcode,d,w,x8616_mod_mem_d8, reg,rm), u1_(disp)
#define x8616_emit_rm_r_d16(opcode,d,w,reg,rm,disp) x8616_emit_rm_r(opcode,d,w,x8616_mod_mem_d16,reg,rm), x8616_emit_s2(disp)
#define x8616_emit_rm_r_direct(opcode,d,w,reg,addr) x8616_emit_rm_r(opcode,d,w,x8616_mod_mem,reg,x8616_ea_direct), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
#define x8616_emit_rm_i8_w(opcode,ext,mod,rm,imm) x8616_enc_w(opcode,x8616_w_byte), x8616_enc_modrm(mod,ext,rm), u1_(imm)
#define x8616_emit_rm_i16_w(opcode,ext,mod,rm,imm) x8616_enc_w(opcode,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(mod,ext,rm), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
#define x8616_emit_rm_i8_w_d8(opcode,ext,rm,disp,imm) x8616_enc_w(opcode,x8616_w_byte), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d8,ext,rm), u1_(disp), u1_(imm)
#define x8616_emit_rm_i16_w_d8(opcode,ext,rm,disp,imm) x8616_enc_w(opcode,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d8,ext,rm), u1_(disp), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
#define x8616_emit_rm_i8_w_d16(opcode,ext,rm,disp,imm) x8616_enc_w(opcode,x8616_w_byte), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d16,ext,rm), x8616_emit_s2(disp), u1_(imm)
#define x8616_emit_rm_i16_w_d16(opcode,ext,rm,disp,imm) x8616_enc_w(opcode,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d16,ext,rm), x8616_emit_s2(disp), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
#define x8616_emit_rm_i8(opcode,s,w,ext,mod,rm,imm) x8616_enc_sw(opcode,s,w), x8616_enc_modrm(mod,ext,rm), u1_(imm)
#define x8616_emit_rm_i16(opcode,ext,mod,rm,imm) x8616_enc_sw(opcode,x8616_s_full,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(mod,ext,rm), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
#define x8616_emit_rm_i8_d8(opcode,s,w,ext,rm,disp,imm) x8616_enc_sw(opcode,s,w), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d8,ext,rm), u1_(disp), u1_(imm)
#define x8616_emit_rm_i16_d8(opcode,ext,rm,disp,imm) x8616_enc_sw(opcode,x8616_s_full,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d8,ext,rm), u1_(disp), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
#define x8616_emit_rm_i8_d16(opcode,s,w,ext,rm,disp,imm) x8616_enc_sw(opcode,s,w), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d16,ext,rm), x8616_emit_s2(disp), u1_(imm)
#define x8616_emit_rm_i16_d16(opcode,ext,rm,disp,imm) x8616_enc_sw(opcode,x8616_s_full,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d16,ext,rm), x8616_emit_s2(disp), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
// Segment-register packet
#define x8616_emit_seg_rm(d,mod,sr,rm) x8616_enc_d0(x8616_opcode_mov_seg_rm,d), x8616_enc_modrm_seg(mod,sr,rm)
#define x8616_emit_seg_rm_d8(d,sr,rm,disp) x8616_emit_seg_rm(d,x8616_mod_mem_d8,sr,rm), u1_(disp)
#define x8616_emit_seg_rm_d16(d,sr,rm,disp) x8616_emit_seg_rm(d,x8616_mod_mem_d16,sr,rm), x8616_emit_s2(disp)
#define x8616_emit_seg_rm_direct(d,sr,addr) x8616_emit_seg_rm(d,x8616_mod_mem,sr,x8616_ea_direct), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
// MOV — Table 4-12 100010 d w / 1011 w reg / 101000 d w / 100011 d 0
#define x8616_nop() x8616_enc_reg (x8616_opcode_xchg_ax_reg, x8616_ax) /* 10010 000 */
#define x8616_mov_r8_r8(dst,src) x8616_emit_rm_r (x8616_opcode_mov_rm_r,x8616_d_reg_dst,x8616_w_byte,x8616_mod_reg,dst,src)
#define x8616_mov_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_rm_r (x8616_opcode_mov_rm_r,x8616_d_reg_dst,x8616_w_word,x8616_mod_reg,dst,src)
#define x8616_mov_r8_i(dst,imm) x8616_enc_wreg (x8616_opcode_mov_r_i,x8616_w_byte,dst), u1_(imm)
#define x8616_mov_r16_i(dst,imm) x8616_enc_wreg (x8616_opcode_mov_r_i,x8616_w_word,dst), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
#define x8616_mov_al_moffs(addr) x8616_enc_dw (x8616_opcode_mov_acc_mem,x8616_d_acc_dst,x8616_w_byte), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
#define x8616_mov_ax_moffs(addr) x8616_enc_dw (x8616_opcode_mov_acc_mem,x8616_d_acc_dst,x8616_w_word), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
#define x8616_mov_moffs_al(addr) x8616_enc_dw (x8616_opcode_mov_acc_mem,x8616_d_mem_dst,x8616_w_byte), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
#define x8616_mov_moffs_ax(addr) x8616_enc_dw (x8616_opcode_mov_acc_mem,x8616_d_mem_dst,x8616_w_word), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
#define x8616_mov_rm_seg(mod,rm,sr) x8616_emit_seg_rm(x8616_d_rm_dst,mod,sr,rm)
#define x8616_mov_seg_rm(sr,mod,rm) x8616_emit_seg_rm(x8616_d_seg_dst,mod,sr,rm)
// Stack — 01010 reg / 000 sr 110 / PUSH r/m = 1111111 w=1 /6
#define x8616_push_r16(reg) x8616_enc_reg (x8616_opcode_push_reg,reg)
#define x8616_pop_r16(reg) x8616_enc_reg (x8616_opcode_pop_reg,reg)
#define x8616_push_seg(seg) x8616_enc_sr (x8616_opcode_sr_stack,seg,x8616_sr_low_push)
#define x8616_pop_seg(seg) x8616_enc_sr (x8616_opcode_sr_stack,seg,x8616_sr_low_pop)
#define x8616_push_rm(mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,x8616_w_word),mod,x8616_ff_push,rm)
#define x8616_pop_rm(mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_opcode_pop_rm,mod,x8616_digit_0,rm)
#define x8616_xchg_r8_r8(a,b) x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_xchg_rm_r,x8616_w_byte), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_reg,a,b)
#define x8616_xchg_r16_r16(a,b) x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_xchg_rm_r,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_reg,a,b)
#define x8616_xchg_ax_r16(reg) x8616_enc_reg(x8616_opcode_xchg_ax_reg,reg)
// I/O / address load
#define x8616_in_al_i(port) x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_in_i,x8616_w_byte), u1_(port)
#define x8616_in_ax_i(port) x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_in_i,x8616_w_word), u1_(port)
#define x8616_in_al_dx() x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_in_dx,x8616_w_byte)
#define x8616_in_ax_dx() x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_in_dx,x8616_w_word)
#define x8616_out_i_al(port) x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_out_i,x8616_w_byte), u1_(port)
#define x8616_out_i_ax(port) x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_out_i,x8616_w_word), u1_(port)
#define x8616_out_dx_al() x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_out_dx,x8616_w_byte)
#define x8616_out_dx_ax() x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_out_dx,x8616_w_word)
#define x8616_xlat() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_xlat)
#define x8616_lea(reg,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_opcode_lea,mod,reg,rm)
#define x8616_lds(reg,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_opcode_lds,mod,reg,rm)
#define x8616_les(reg,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_opcode_les,mod,reg,rm)
#define x8616_lahf() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_lahf)
#define x8616_sahf() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_sahf)
#define x8616_pushf() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_pushf)
#define x8616_popf() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_popf)
// Arithmetic — 00 ttt 0 d w / 00 ttt 10 w / 100000 s w /ttt
#define x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8(alu,dst,src) x8616_enc_alu_rm_r (alu,x8616_d_reg_dst,x8616_w_byte), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_reg,dst,src)
#define x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(alu,dst,src) x8616_enc_alu_rm_r (alu,x8616_d_reg_dst,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_reg,dst,src)
#define x8616_emit_alu_r8_i(alu,dst,imm) x8616_emit_rm_i8 (x8616_opcode_alu_rm_i,x8616_s_full,x8616_w_byte,alu,x8616_mod_reg,dst,imm)
#define x8616_emit_alu_r16_i(alu,dst,imm) x8616_emit_rm_i16 (x8616_opcode_alu_rm_i,alu,x8616_mod_reg,dst,imm)
#define x8616_emit_alu_r16_i8s(alu,dst,imm) x8616_emit_rm_i8 (x8616_opcode_alu_rm_i,x8616_s_extend,x8616_w_word,alu,x8616_mod_reg,dst,imm)
#define x8616_emit_logic_r8_i(alu,dst,imm) x8616_emit_rm_i8 (x8616_opcode_alu_rm_i,x8616_s_full,x8616_w_byte,alu,x8616_mod_reg,dst,imm)
#define x8616_emit_logic_r16_i(alu,dst,imm) x8616_emit_rm_i16 (x8616_opcode_alu_rm_i,alu,x8616_mod_reg,dst,imm)
#define x8616_emit_alu_al_i(alu,imm) x8616_enc_alu_acc_i(alu,x8616_w_byte), u1_(imm)
#define x8616_emit_alu_ax_i(alu,imm) x8616_enc_alu_acc_i(alu,x8616_w_word), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
#define x8616_add_r8_r8(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8 (x8616_add,dst,src)
#define x8616_add_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_add,dst,src)
#define x8616_or_r8_r8(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8 (x8616_or,dst,src)
#define x8616_or_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_or,dst,src)
#define x8616_adc_r8_r8(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8 (x8616_adc,dst,src)
#define x8616_adc_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_adc,dst,src)
#define x8616_sbb_r8_r8(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8 (x8616_sbb,dst,src)
#define x8616_sbb_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_sbb,dst,src)
#define x8616_and_r8_r8(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8 (x8616_and,dst,src)
#define x8616_and_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_and,dst,src)
#define x8616_sub_r8_r8(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8 (x8616_sub,dst,src)
#define x8616_sub_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_sub,dst,src)
#define x8616_xor_r8_r8(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8 (x8616_xor,dst,src)
#define x8616_xor_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_xor,dst,src)
#define x8616_cmp_r8_r8(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8 (x8616_cmp,dst,src)
#define x8616_cmp_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_cmp,dst,src)
#define x8616_add_r8_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r8_i (x8616_add,dst,imm)
#define x8616_add_r16_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i (x8616_add,dst,imm)
#define x8616_add_r16_i8s(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i8s(x8616_add,dst,imm)
#define x8616_or_r8_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_logic_r8_i (x8616_or, dst,imm)
#define x8616_or_r16_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_logic_r16_i(x8616_or, dst,imm)
#define x8616_adc_r8_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r8_i (x8616_adc,dst,imm)
#define x8616_adc_r16_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i (x8616_adc,dst,imm)
#define x8616_adc_r16_i8s(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i8s(x8616_adc,dst,imm)
#define x8616_sbb_r8_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r8_i (x8616_sbb,dst,imm)
#define x8616_sbb_r16_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i (x8616_sbb,dst,imm)
#define x8616_sbb_r16_i8s(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i8s(x8616_sbb,dst,imm)
#define x8616_and_r8_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_logic_r8_i (x8616_and,dst,imm)
#define x8616_and_r16_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_logic_r16_i(x8616_and,dst,imm)
#define x8616_sub_r8_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r8_i (x8616_sub,dst,imm)
#define x8616_sub_r16_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i (x8616_sub,dst,imm)
#define x8616_sub_r16_i8s(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i8s(x8616_sub,dst,imm)
#define x8616_xor_r8_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_logic_r8_i (x8616_xor,dst,imm)
#define x8616_xor_r16_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_logic_r16_i(x8616_xor,dst,imm)
#define x8616_cmp_r8_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r8_i (x8616_cmp,dst,imm)
#define x8616_cmp_r16_i(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i (x8616_cmp,dst,imm)
#define x8616_cmp_r16_i8s(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i8s(x8616_cmp,dst,imm)
// INC/DEC — 01000 reg / 1111111 w /0 /1. Unary — 1111011 w /digit
#define x8616_inc_r16(reg) x8616_enc_reg(x8616_opcode_inc_reg,reg)
#define x8616_dec_r16(reg) x8616_enc_reg(x8616_opcode_dec_reg,reg)
#define x8616_inc_rm(w,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,w),mod,x8616_inc,rm)
#define x8616_dec_rm(w,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,w),mod,x8616_dec,rm)
#define x8616_unary_rm(ext,w,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_group3,w),mod,ext,rm)
#define x8616_not_rm(w,mod,rm) x8616_unary_rm(x8616_g3_not,w,mod,rm)
#define x8616_neg_rm(w,mod,rm) x8616_unary_rm(x8616_g3_neg,w,mod,rm)
#define x8616_mul_rm(w,mod,rm) x8616_unary_rm(x8616_g3_mul,w,mod,rm)
#define x8616_imul_rm(w,mod,rm) x8616_unary_rm(x8616_g3_imul,w,mod,rm)
#define x8616_div_rm(w,mod,rm) x8616_unary_rm(x8616_g3_div,w,mod,rm)
#define x8616_idiv_rm(w,mod,rm) x8616_unary_rm(x8616_g3_idiv,w,mod,rm)
#define x8616_aaa() x8616_emit_op (x8616_opcode_aaa)
#define x8616_daa() x8616_emit_op (x8616_opcode_daa)
#define x8616_aas() x8616_emit_op (x8616_opcode_aas)
#define x8616_das() x8616_emit_op (x8616_opcode_das)
#define x8616_aam() x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_aam,X8616_POST_OPCODE_AAM_AAD)
#define x8616_aad() x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_aad,X8616_POST_OPCODE_AAM_AAD)
#define x8616_cbw() x8616_emit_op (x8616_opcode_cbw)
#define x8616_cwd() x8616_emit_op (x8616_opcode_cwd)
// Shift — 110100 v w /ttt. TEST r/m,imm is group3 /0
#define x8616_shift_rm(shift,v,w,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_vw(x8616_opcode_shift_rm,v,w),mod,shift,rm)
#define x8616_shl_r8_1(reg) x8616_shift_rm(x8616_shl,x8616_v_one,x8616_w_byte,x8616_mod_reg,reg)
#define x8616_shl_r16_1(reg) x8616_shift_rm(x8616_shl,x8616_v_one,x8616_w_word,x8616_mod_reg,reg)
#define x8616_shl_r8_cl(reg) x8616_shift_rm(x8616_shl,x8616_v_cl,x8616_w_byte,x8616_mod_reg,reg)
#define x8616_shl_r16_cl(reg) x8616_shift_rm(x8616_shl,x8616_v_cl,x8616_w_word,x8616_mod_reg,reg)
#define x8616_test_r8_r8(a,b) x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_test_rm_r,x8616_w_byte), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_reg,b,a)
#define x8616_test_r16_r16(a,b) x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_test_rm_r,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_reg,b,a)
#define x8616_test_r8_i(reg,imm) x8616_emit_modrm_i8(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_group3,x8616_w_byte),x8616_mod_reg,x8616_g3_test,reg,imm)
#define x8616_test_r16_i(reg,imm) x8616_emit_modrm_i16(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_group3,x8616_w_word),x8616_mod_reg,x8616_g3_test,reg,imm)
#define x8616_test_al_i(imm) x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_test_acc_i,x8616_w_byte), u1_(imm)
#define x8616_test_ax_i(imm) x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_test_acc_i,x8616_w_word), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
// Prefix = prior byte: 1111001 z / 11110000 / 001 sr 110
#define x8616_rep_prefix() x8616_enc_zp (x8616_opcode_rep,x8616_rep)
#define x8616_repne_prefix() x8616_enc_zp (x8616_opcode_rep,x8616_repne)
#define x8616_movsb() x8616_enc_w (x8616_opcode_movs,x8616_w_byte)
#define x8616_movsw() x8616_enc_w (x8616_opcode_movs,x8616_w_word)
#define x8616_cmpsb() x8616_enc_w (x8616_opcode_cmps,x8616_w_byte)
#define x8616_cmpsw() x8616_enc_w (x8616_opcode_cmps,x8616_w_word)
#define x8616_scasb() x8616_enc_w (x8616_opcode_scas,x8616_w_byte)
#define x8616_scasw() x8616_enc_w (x8616_opcode_scas,x8616_w_word)
#define x8616_lodsb() x8616_enc_w (x8616_opcode_lods,x8616_w_byte)
#define x8616_lodsw() x8616_enc_w (x8616_opcode_lods,x8616_w_word)
#define x8616_stosb() x8616_enc_w (x8616_opcode_stos,x8616_w_byte)
#define x8616_stosw() x8616_enc_w (x8616_opcode_stos,x8616_w_word)
#define x8616_lock_prefix() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_lock)
#define x8616_segment_prefix(seg) x8616_enc_sr (x8616_opcode_sr_override,seg,x8616_sr_low_push)
// CALL/JMP r/m — same 1111111 w=1 as INC r/m, /digit 010..101
#define x8616_call_rel16(rel) x8616_emit_op_i16(x8616_opcode_call_rel16,rel)
#define x8616_call_far(seg,off) x8616_emit_op_far(x8616_opcode_call_far,seg,off)
#define x8616_call_rm(mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,x8616_w_word),mod,x8616_ff_call_near,rm)
#define x8616_call_far_rm(mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,x8616_w_word),mod,x8616_ff_call_far,rm)
#define x8616_jmp_rel16(rel) x8616_emit_op_i16(x8616_opcode_jmp_rel16,rel)
#define x8616_jmp_rel8(rel) x8616_emit_op_i8 (x8616_opcode_jmp_rel8,rel)
#define x8616_jmp_far(seg,off) x8616_emit_op_far(x8616_opcode_jmp_far,seg,off)
#define x8616_jmp_rm(mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,x8616_w_word),mod,x8616_ff_jmp_near,rm)
#define x8616_jmp_far_rm(mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,x8616_w_word),mod,x8616_ff_jmp_far,rm)
#define x8616_ret() x8616_emit_op (x8616_opcode_ret)
#define x8616_ret_i(bytes) x8616_emit_op_i16(x8616_opcode_ret_i,bytes)
#define x8616_retf() x8616_emit_op (x8616_opcode_retf)
#define x8616_retf_i(bytes) x8616_emit_op_i16(x8616_opcode_retf_i,bytes)
#define x8616_jcc(cc,rel) x8616_enc_jcc(cc), u1_(rel)
#define x8616_jo(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_o,rel)
#define x8616_jno(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_no,rel)
#define x8616_jb(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_b,rel)
#define x8616_jnb(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_nb,rel)
#define x8616_je(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_e,rel)
#define x8616_jne(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_ne,rel)
#define x8616_jbe(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_be,rel)
#define x8616_ja(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_a,rel)
#define x8616_js(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_s,rel)
#define x8616_jns(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_ns,rel)
#define x8616_jp(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_p,rel)
#define x8616_jnp(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_np,rel)
#define x8616_jl(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_l,rel)
#define x8616_jnl(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_nl,rel)
#define x8616_jle(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_le,rel)
#define x8616_jg(rel) x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_g,rel)
#define x8616_loopnz(rel) x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_loopnz,rel)
#define x8616_loopz(rel) x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_loopz,rel)
#define x8616_loop(rel) x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_loop,rel)
#define x8616_jcxz(rel) x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_jcxz,rel)
// Interrupt / flags / machine control
#define x8616_int(vector) x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_int,vector)
#define x8616_int3() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_int3)
#define x8616_into() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_into)
#define x8616_iret() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_iret)
#define x8616_clc() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_clc)
#define x8616_cmc() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_cmc)
#define x8616_stc() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_stc)
#define x8616_cld() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_cld)
#define x8616_std() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_std)
#define x8616_cli() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_cli)
#define x8616_sti() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_sti)
#define x8616_hlt() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_hlt)
#define x8616_wait() x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_wait)
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