#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES # pragma once # include "dsl.h" # include "gcc_asm.h" # include "mips.h" # include "gte.h" # include "memory.h" # include "atom_dsl.h" #endif typedef U4 const MipsCode; #define MipsAtom_(sym) MipsCode tmpl(code,sym) [] align_(4) = #pragma region Tape Drive /* --------------------------------------------------------------------------- * TAPE DRIVE ABI & REGISTER ALIASES * --------------------------------------------------------------------------- * We map the MIPS temporary registers to a persistent global workspace. * The C compiler is completely unaware of these bindings. * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ enum { R_AtomJmp = R_T9, R_TapePtr = R_T8, /* The Instruction Stream Pointer */ R_InCursor = R_T4, /* Input data cursor */ R_PrimCursor = R_T7, /* VRAM output cursor (primitive buffer) */ R_FaceCursor = R_T4, /* Input data cursor (indices/faces) */ R_VertBase = R_T5, /* Base address of the vertex array */ R_OtBase = R_T6, /* Base address of the Ordering Table */ /* Stringification codes for the GCC inline assembler clobber lists */ #define R_TapePtr_Code R_T8_Code #define R_InCursor_Code R_T4_Code #define R_PrimCursor_Code R_T7_Code #define R_FaceCursor_Code R_T4_Code #define R_VertBase_Code R_T5_Code #define R_OtBase_Code R_T6_Code }; /* The 'Exit' Atom */ MipsAtom_(tape_exit) { jump_reg(rret_addr), nop }; /* Generalized Tape Engine Runner */ FI_ void tape_run(Slice_U4 tape) { register U4* tp rgcc(R_TapePtr) = tape.ptr; asm volatile( asm_words( add_ui( R_SP, R_SP, -8) /* Allocate stack space */ , store_word(R_RA, R_SP, 0) /* Safely backup $ra to the stack */ , load_word( R_T9, R_TapePtr, 0) /* Bootstrap the first jump */ , add_ui_1( R_TapePtr, 4) /* Advance tape */ , jump_nreg(R_T9) /* jalr $t9 */ , nop /* Branch delay slot */ , load_word(R_RA, R_SP, 0) /* Restore $ra from stack */ , add_ui_1( R_SP, 8) /* Deallocate stack space */ ) asm_rpins, r_use(tp) asm_clobber: rlit(R_AT) , rlit(R_V0), rlit(R_V1) , rlit(R_T0), rlit(R_T1), rlit(R_T2), rlit(R_T3) /* Tell GCC the tape engine owns and destroys the workspace registers */ , rlit(R_PrimCursor), rlit(R_FaceCursor), rlit(R_VertBase), rlit(R_OtBase) , rlit(R_T9) , clb_mem_drain ); } typedef Relative_(FArena) Struct_(TapeBuilder) { U4 ptr; U4 capacity; U4 used; }; FI_ void tb_init(TapeBuilder* tb, FArena* arena) { tb->ptr = arena->start; tb->used = 0; } FI_ TapeBuilder tb_make_old( FArena* arena) { return (TapeBuilder){ arena->start, 0 }; } FI_ TapeBuilder tb_make(Slice mem) { return (TapeBuilder){ mem.ptr, mem.len, 0 }; } #define tb_emit_(tb, atom) tb_emit(tb, tmpl(code,atom)) FI_ void tb_emit(TapeBuilder* tb, MipsCode* atom) { u4_r(tb->ptr)[tb->used] = u4_(atom); ++ tb->used; } FI_ void tb_data(TapeBuilder* tb, U4 data) { u4_r(tb->ptr)[tb->used] = u4_(data); ++ tb->used; } FI_ Slice_U4 tb_end (TapeBuilder* tb) { tb_emit(tb,code_tape_exit); return (Slice_U4){ C_(U4*,tb->ptr), tb->used }; } FI_ Slice_U4 tb_slice(TapeBuilder tb) { return (Slice_U4){ C_(U4*,tb.ptr), tb.used }; } #define tb_scope(tb) for(U4 tbs_once=0;tbs_once==0;++tbs_once,tb_emit(tb,code_tape_exit)) #pragma endregion Tape Drive #pragma region Macro Mips Atom Components /* --------------------------------------------------------------------------- * MACRO ATOM Components (Reusable Assembly Components) * These do NOT yield. They are expanded inline inside Tape Atoms. * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* The 'Yield' sequence for Tape Atoms. * Loads the next pointer from the tape, advances the tape, and jumps. * Cost: ~ 4 cycles */ #define mac_yield() \ load_word(R_AtomJmp, R_TapePtr, 0) \ , add_ui_1( R_TapePtr, 4) \ , jump_reg( R_AtomJmp) \ , nop /* Words: 3; Loads 3 S2 indices from the face array */ #define mac_load_tri_indices(rId_0, rId_1, rId_2) \ load_half_u(rId_0, R_FaceCursor, 0) \ , load_half_u(rId_1, R_FaceCursor, 2) \ , load_half_u(rId_2, R_FaceCursor, 4) /* Words: 18; Translates indices to vertex addresses and pushes them to GTE R_AT = rId_[#] << 3; R_AT += R_VertBase; R_V0 = R_AT[0]; gte_mt(R_V0, V.xy[#]); gte_mt(R_V1, V.z [#]); */ #define mac_load_tri_verts(rId_0, rId_1, rId_2) \ shift_ll(R_AT, rId_0, 3), add_u(R_AT, R_AT, R_VertBase), load_word(R_V0, R_AT, 0), load_word(R_V1, R_AT, 4), gte_mt(R_V0, C2_VXY0), gte_mt(R_V1, C2_VZ0) \ , shift_ll(R_AT, rId_1, 3), add_u(R_AT, R_AT, R_VertBase), load_word(R_V0, R_AT, 0), load_word(R_V1, R_AT, 4), gte_mt(R_V0, C2_VXY1), gte_mt(R_V1, C2_VZ1) \ , shift_ll(R_AT, rId_2, 3), add_u(R_AT, R_AT, R_VertBase), load_word(R_V0, R_AT, 0), load_word(R_V1, R_AT, 4), gte_mt(R_V0, C2_VXY2), gte_mt(R_V1, C2_VZ2) /* Words: 11; Correctly inserts a primitive into the Ordering Table linked list */ #define mac_insert_ot_tag(r_otz, prim_length) \ shift_ll( R_T1, r_otz, 2) \ , add_u( R_T1, R_T1, R_OtBase) /* T1 = &OrderingTable[OTZ] */ \ , load_word( R_AT, R_T1, 0) /* AT = old_ot_head */ \ , load_ui( R_V0, prim_length) /* V0 = Length << 24 */ \ , shift_ll( R_AT, R_AT, 8) /* Strip upper 8 bits from old_ot */ \ , shift_lr( R_AT, R_AT, 8) \ , or_u( R_AT, R_AT, R_V0) /* Merge length */ \ , store_word(R_AT, R_PrimCursor, 0) /* prim->tag = old_ot_head */ \ , shift_ll( R_AT, R_PrimCursor, 8) /* AT = PrimCur & 0x00FFFFFF */ \ , shift_lr( R_AT, R_AT, 8) \ , store_word(R_AT, R_T1, 0) /* OrderingTable[OTZ] = PrimCur */ #pragma endregion Macro Atom Components #pragma region Mips Atom Builder // This allows for runtime procedural authoring of mips atoms. typedef Struct_(FMipsAtom512) { U4 data[512]; U4 used; }; typedef Slice_(MipsCode); typedef Slice_MipsCode MipsAtom; // FArena Related typedef Relative_(FArena) Struct_(MipsAtomBuilder) { U4 start; U4 capacity; U4 used; }; // Whatever the builder is writting to should most likely coresspond // to something that can fit within instruction cache? FI_ void atombuilder_unroll(MipsAtomBuilder_R ab, Slice_MipsCode_R code) { assert(ab->capacity - ab->used - code->len); mem_copy(ab->start, u4_(code->ptr), code->len); mem_bump(ab->start, ab->capacity, & ab->used, code->len); } #define atombuilder_unroll_mac(ab, mac) atombuilder_unroll(ab, slice_arg_from_array(Slice_MipsCode, mac)) // When done authoring, utilize this to cap-off the atom FI_ void atombuilder_end(MipsAtomBuilder_R ab) { LP_ MipsAtom_(yield) { mac_yield() }; mem_copy(ab->start, u4_(code_yield), S_(code_yield)); mem_bump(ab->start, ab->capacity, & ab->used, S_(code_yield)); } #define mipsatom_from_builder(ab) (MipsAtom){ab.start, ab.used} #pragma endregion Mips Atom Builder #pragma region Baked Mips Atoms // These atoms are resolved at compile time and are (usually) statically linked readonly data. enum { bios_flushcache = 0x44, bios_table_addr = 0xA0, }; /* Flushes the Instruction Cache (PSX A-function 0x44 via BIOS stub at 0xA0). * * Sequence (per MIPS ABI; arguments in arg registers, RA pushed to stack): * 1. sp -= 8; sw $ra, 4($sp) ; save RA * 2. $a0 = bios_flushcache (arg0) * 3. $t0 = bios_table_addr ; t0 = &BIOS A-function table * 4. jalr $t0, $ra ; call BIOS(flushcache) * nop ; branch delay slot * 5. lw $ra, 4($sp); jr $ra ; restore & return * 6. sp += 8 */ internal MipsAtom_(mips_flush_icache) { add_ui(rstack_ptr, rstack_ptr, -8) /* sp -= 8 */ , store_word(rret_addr, rstack_ptr, 4) /* sw $ra, 4($sp) */ , add_ui(rret_0, rdiscard, bios_flushcache) /* addiu $a0, $0, 0x44 */ , add_ui(rtmp_0, rdiscard, bios_table_addr) /* addiu $t0, $0, 0xA0 */ , jump_link(rtmp_0, rret_addr) /* jalr $t0, $ra */ , nop /* BD slot */ , load_word(rret_addr, rstack_ptr, 4) /* lw $ra, 4($sp) */ , jump_reg(rret_addr) /* jr $ra */ , add_ui(rstack_ptr, rstack_ptr, 8) /* sp += 8 (BD) */ , mac_yield() }; internal MipsAtom_(set_gte_world) { /* Pop matrix address from tape into R_T3 ($11) */ load_word(R_T3, R_TapePtr, 0), add_ui_1( R_TapePtr, 4), /* Load 3x3 Rotation + 3x1 Translation from R_T3 into GTE CONTROL Regs (ctc2) */ load_word(R_T0, R_T3, 0), load_word(R_T1, R_T3, 4), gte_ct( R_T0, gte_cr_RT11), gte_ct( R_T1, gte_cr_RT12), load_word(R_T0, R_T3, 8), load_word(R_T1, R_T3, 12), load_word(R_T2, R_T3, 16), gte_ct( R_T0, gte_cr_RT13), gte_ct( R_T1, gte_cr_RT21), gte_ct( R_T2, gte_cr_RT22), load_word(R_T0, R_T3, 20), load_word(R_T1, R_T3, 24), load_word(R_T2, R_T3, 28), gte_ct( R_T0, gte_cr_TRX), gte_ct( R_T1, gte_cr_TRY), gte_ct( R_T2, gte_cr_TRZ), mac_yield() }; // TODO(Ed): I'm not sure yet if the bindings are redundant with the floortri atom yet. typedef Struct_(Binds_CubeTri) { U4 PrimCursor; U4 FaceCursor; U4 VertBase; U4 OtBase; }; internal MipsAtom_(rbind_cube_tri) { /* Pop 4 arguments from the tape directly into the workspace registers */ load_word(R_PrimCursor, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_CubeTri,PrimCursor)), load_word(R_FaceCursor, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_CubeTri,FaceCursor)), load_word(R_VertBase, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_CubeTri,VertBase)), load_word(R_OtBase, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_CubeTri,OtBase)), add_ui_1( R_TapePtr, S_(Binds_CubeTri)), // Note(Ed): This entire thing is argument shuffle? // TODO(Ed): Eliminate mac_yield() }; /* ============================================================================ * cube_tri — Draw one cube face (Gouraud-shaded quad) via the GTE tape pipeline * ============================================================================ * * Reads 4 indices from R_FaceCur (V4_S2 = 8 bytes), loads 4 vertices into * the GTE, runs the PsyQ RotAverageNclip4 sequence, and renders a Poly_G4. * * PsyQ RotAverageNclip4 sequence: * 1. Load V0=p0, V1=p1, V2=p2 * 2. RTPT → SXY0=p0, SXY1=p1, SXY2=p2, SZ1,SZ2,SZ3 * 3. NCLIP → MAC0 = cross(p0,p1,p2) ← BEFORE RTPS! * 4. Store SXY0 (p0) to primitive buffer * 5. Load V3 into V0 * 6. RTPS → SXY0=p3, SZ0 * 7. Store SXY0 (p3) to primitive buffer * 8. AVSZ3 → OTZ from SZ1,SZ2,SZ3 * * PRIMITIVE FORMAT (Poly_G4 = 9 words = 36 bytes) * ------------------------------------------------ * Word 0 (offset 0): OT tag (set by mac_insert_ot_tag) * Word 1 (offset 4): c0 + code = 0x38FF00FF (magenta, opcode 0x38) * Word 2 (offset 8): p0 = SXY0 (stored BEFORE RTPS) * Word 3 (offset 12): c1 + pad = 0x0000FFFF (yellow) * Word 4 (offset 16): p1 = SXY1 * Word 5 (offset 20): c2 + pad = 0x00FFFF00 (cyan) * Word 6 (offset 24): p2 = SXY2 * Word 7 (offset 28): c3 + pad = 0x0000FF00 (green) * Word 8 (offset 32): p3 = SXY0 (stored AFTER RTPS) * * BRANCH OFFSETS * ---------------------------------------------- * Outer branch (backface cull): branch_le_zero(R_T0, 49) * → Skip 49 instructions from BD slot, land at add_ui(R_FaceCur,...) * Inner branch (OTZ bounds): branch_equal(R_AT, R_0, 13) * → Skip 13 instructions from BD slot, land at add_ui(R_FaceCur,...) * ============================================================================ */ atom_region (cube_tri, REGION_PRIM_ARENA) atom_group (cube_tri, GROUP_RENDER_PRIMS) atom_cadence (cube_tri, CADENCE_FRAME) atom_annot(cube_tri, phase_work, tape_regs(R_PrimCursor, R_FaceCursor, R_VertBase, R_OtBase), tape_regs(R_PrimCursor, R_FaceCursor)) internal MipsAtom_(cube_tri) { /* ── 1. Load 4 face indices from R_FaceCur ──────────────────────────── */ load_half_u(R_T0, R_FaceCursor, 0), /* T0 = face->x (vertex 0 index) */ load_half_u(R_T1, R_FaceCursor, 2), /* T1 = face->y (vertex 1 index) */ load_half_u(R_T2, R_FaceCursor, 4), /* T2 = face->z (vertex 2 index) */ load_half_u(R_T3, R_FaceCursor, 6), /* T3 = face->w (vertex 3 index) */ /* ── 2. Load V0, V1, V2 into GTE ────────────────────────────────────── */ /* V0 = verts[face->x] */ shift_ll(R_AT, R_T0, 3), add_u(R_AT, R_AT, R_VertBase), load_word(R_V0, R_AT, 0), load_word(R_V1, R_AT, 4), gte_mt(R_V0, C2_VXY0), gte_mt(R_V1, C2_VZ0), /* V1 = verts[face->y] */ shift_ll(R_AT, R_T1, 3), add_u(R_AT, R_AT, R_VertBase), load_word(R_V0, R_AT, 0), load_word(R_V1, R_AT, 4), gte_mt(R_V0, C2_VXY1), gte_mt(R_V1, C2_VZ1), /* V2 = verts[face->z] */ shift_ll(R_AT, R_T2, 3), add_u(R_AT, R_AT, R_VertBase), load_word(R_V0, R_AT, 0), load_word(R_V1, R_AT, 4), gte_mt(R_V0, C2_VXY2), gte_mt(R_V1, C2_VZ2), /* ── 3. RTPT — transforms V0/V1/V2 → SXY0/SXY1/SXY2 + SZ1/SZ2/SZ3 ─── */ nop, nop, gte_cmdw_rtpt, /* ── 4. NCLIP — backface culling on SXY0/SXY1/SXY2 (p0,p1,p2) ──────── */ /* MUST be done BEFORE RTPS overwrites SXY0 with p3! */ nop, nop, gte_cmdw_nclip, nop, nop, /* ── 5. Cull check: skip format/insert if MAC0 ≤ 0 (backface) ───────── */ gte_mf(R_T0, C2_MAC0), nop, branch_le_zero(R_T0, 49), /* Skip 49 if MAC0 ≤ 0 (backface) → cull */ nop, /* BD slot */ /* ── 6. Store p0,p1,p2 to primitive buffer (BEFORE RTPS overwrites) ─── */ store_word(R_0, R_PrimCursor, 0), /* Word 1: c0 (BGR) + code = 0x38FF00FF (magenta, opcode 0x38) */ load_ui(R_AT, 0x38FF), or_i(R_AT, R_AT, 0x00FF), store_word(R_AT, R_PrimCursor, 4), /* Word 2: p0 = SXY0 (stored BEFORE RTPS overwrites it) */ gte_sw(C2_SXY0, R_PrimCursor, 8), /* Word 3: c1 (BGR) + pad = 0x0000FFFF (yellow) */ load_ui(R_AT, 0x0000), or_i(R_AT, R_AT, 0xFFFF), store_word(R_AT, R_PrimCursor, 12), /* Word 4: p1 = SXY1 */ gte_sw(C2_SXY1, R_PrimCursor, 16), /* Word 5: c2 (BGR) + pad = 0x00FFFF00 (cyan) */ load_ui(R_AT, 0x00FF), or_i(R_AT, R_AT, 0xFF00), store_word(R_AT, R_PrimCursor, 20), /* Word 6: p2 = SXY2 */ gte_sw(C2_SXY2, R_PrimCursor, 24), /* Word 7: c3 (BGR) + pad = 0x0000FF00 (green) */ load_ui(R_AT, 0x0000), or_i(R_AT, R_AT, 0xFF00), store_word(R_AT, R_PrimCursor, 28), /* ── 7. Load V3 = verts[face->w] into V0 ─────────────────────────────── */ shift_ll(R_AT, R_T3, 3), add_u(R_AT, R_AT, R_VertBase), load_word(R_V0, R_AT, 0), load_word(R_V1, R_AT, 4), gte_mt(R_V0, C2_VXY0), gte_mt(R_V1, C2_VZ0), /* ── 8. RTPS — transforms V0 (now V3) → SXY0 (p3) + SZ0 ─────────────── */ nop, nop, gte_cmdw_rtps, /* Word 8: p3 = SXY0 (written AFTER RTPS with V3's screen coords) */ gte_sw(C2_SXY0, R_PrimCursor, 32), /* ── 9. AVSZ4 — average Z from SZ0/SZ1/SZ2/SZ3 ────────────── */ nop, nop, gte_cmdw_avsz4, nop, nop, gte_mf(R_T1, C2_OTZ), /* ── 10. Bounds check OTZ < 2048 ─────────────────────────────────────── */ add_ui( R_AT, R_0, 2048), slt_u( R_AT, R_T1, R_AT), branch_equal(R_AT, R_0, 13), /* Skip 13 → land at add_ui(R_FaceCur,...) */ nop, /* BD slot */ /* ── 11. Insert into Ordering Table (length = 8 for Poly_G4) ─────────── */ mac_insert_ot_tag(R_T1, 0x0800), /* 0x0800 = 8 << 8 = length 8 in tag */ /* ── 12. Advance cursors & yield ─────────────────────────────────────── */ add_ui(R_PrimCursor, R_PrimCursor, 36), /* 9 words × 4 bytes */ add_ui(R_FaceCursor, R_FaceCursor, 8), /* 4 × S2 = 8 bytes */ mac_yield() }; typedef Struct_(Binds_FloorTri) { U4 PrimCursor; U4 FaceCursor; U4 VertBase; U4 OtBase; }; internal MipsAtom_(rbind_floor_tri) { /* Pop 4 arguments from the tape directly into the workspace registers */ load_word(R_PrimCursor, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_FloorTri,PrimCursor)), load_word(R_FaceCursor, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_FloorTri,FaceCursor)), load_word(R_VertBase, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_FloorTri,VertBase)), load_word(R_OtBase, R_TapePtr, O_(Binds_FloorTri,OtBase)), add_ui_1( R_TapePtr, S_(Binds_FloorTri)), // Note(Ed): This entire thing is argument shuffle? // TODO(Ed): Eliminate mac_yield() }; /* DIAGNOSTIC 1: Pure tape loop test */ internal MipsAtom_(diag_yield) { mac_yield() }; /* DIAGNOSTIC 2: Pure memory test (No GTE). Draws a fixed cyan triangle. */ internal MipsAtom_(diag_color) { store_word(R_0, R_T7, 0), load_ui( R_AT, 0x20FF), /* High: MipsCode 0x20 + Color B:FF */ or_i( R_AT, R_AT, 0xFF00), /* Low: Color G:FF, R:00 (Cyan) */ store_word(R_AT, R_T7, 4), /* Fake coordinates - Swapped winding order to prevent GPU culling! */ load_ui(R_AT, 0x0010), or_i(R_AT, R_AT, 0x0010), store_word(R_AT, R_T7, 8), /* (16, 16) */ load_ui(R_AT, 0x0050), or_i(R_AT, R_AT, 0x0010), store_word(R_AT, R_T7, 12), /* (80, 16) */ load_ui(R_AT, 0x0010), or_i(R_AT, R_AT, 0x0050), store_word(R_AT, R_T7, 16), /* (16, 80) */ add_ui( R_T1, R_0, 10), shift_ll(R_T1, R_T1, 2), add_u( R_T1, R_T1, R_T6), load_word( R_AT, R_T1, 0), load_ui( R_V0, 0x0400), // <--- Fills load delay slot! store_word(R_AT, R_T7, 0), shift_ll( R_AT, R_T7, 8), shift_lr(R_AT, R_AT, 8), or_u( R_AT, R_AT, R_V0), store_word(R_AT, R_T1, 0), add_ui(R_T7, R_T7, 20), mac_yield() }; /* DIAGNOSTIC 3: Pure GTE test (No Memory Writes) */ internal MipsAtom_(diag_gte) { /* Load 3 indices */ load_half_u(R_T0, R_T4, 0), load_half_u(R_T1, R_T4, 2), load_half_u(R_T2, R_T4, 4), /* Load Vertices into GTE */ shift_ll( R_AT, R_T0, 3), add_u( R_AT, R_AT, R_T5), load_word(R_V0, R_AT, 0), load_word(R_V1, R_AT, 4), gte_mt( R_V0, C2_VXY0), gte_mt( R_V1, C2_VZ0), shift_ll( R_AT, R_T1, 3), add_u( R_AT, R_AT, R_T5), load_word(R_V0, R_AT, 0), load_word(R_V1, R_AT, 4), gte_mt( R_V0, C2_VXY1), gte_mt( R_V1, C2_VZ1), shift_ll( R_AT, R_T2, 3), add_u( R_AT, R_AT, R_T5), load_word(R_V0, R_AT, 0), load_word(R_V1, R_AT, 4), gte_mt( R_V0, C2_VXY2), gte_mt( R_V1, C2_VZ2), /* Run Math */ nop, nop, gte_cmdw_rtpt, nop, nop, gte_cmdw_nclip, nop, nop, /* Advance Face Cursor and Yield */ add_ui(R_T4, R_T4, 8), mac_yield() }; #pragma endregion Baked Mips Atoms