WIP: preparing to setup metaprogramming codegen for PS1 processors.

.editorconfig

@@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ indent_size  = 4
 indent_style = space
 indent_size  = 4
 
-[*{.h, .c, .hpp, .cpp}]
+[*.h]
+indent_style = tab
+indent_size  = 2
+
+[*.c]
 indent_style = tab
 indent_size  = 2
 

code/duffle/dsl.h

@@ -3,105 +3,123 @@
 #	include "assert.h"
 #endif
 
-#define LP_      static // local_persist
-#define internal static // internal
-#define global
-#define gknown
-
-#define align_(value) __attribute__((aligned (value)))             // for easy alignment
-#define expect_(x, y) __builtin_expect(x, y)                       // so compiler knows the common path
-#define FI_           static inline __attribute__((always_inline)) // force inline
-#define NI_           static        __attribute__((noinline))      // force no inline [used in thread api]
-#define R_            __restrict                                   // pointers are either restricted or volatile and nothing else 
-#define V_            volatile                                     // pointers are either restricted or volatile and nothing else
-
-#define glue_impl(A, B)          A ## B
-#define glue(A, B)               glue_impl(A, B)
-#define stringify_impl(S)        #S
-#define stringify(S)             stringify_impl(S)
-#define tmpl(prefix, type)       prefix ## _ ## type
-
 #define offset_of(type, member)  cast(U8,__builtin_offsetof(type,member))
 #define static_assert            _Static_assert
 #define typeof                   __typeof__
 #define typeof_ptr(ptr)          typeof((ptr)[0])
 #define typeof_same(a, b)        _Generic((a), typeof((b)): 1, default: 0)
 
-#define def_R_(type)             type*restrict type ## _R
-#define def_V_(type)             type*volatile type ## _V
-#define def_ptr_set(type)        def_R_(type); typedef def_V_(type)
-#define def_tset(type)           type; typedef def_ptr_set(type)
+#define m_expand(...)      __VA_ARGS__
+#define glue_impl(A, B)    A ## B
+#define glue(A, B)         glue_impl(A, B)
+#define tmpl(prefix, type) prefix ## _ ## type
 
-typedef __UINT8_TYPE__  def_tset(U1); 
-typedef __UINT16_TYPE__ def_tset(U2);
-typedef __UINT32_TYPE__ def_tset(U4);
-typedef __INT8_TYPE__   def_tset(S1); 
-typedef __INT16_TYPE__  def_tset(S2); 
-typedef __INT32_TYPE__  def_tset(S4);
-typedef unsigned char   def_tset(B1); 
-typedef __UINT16_TYPE__ def_tset(B2); 
-typedef __UINT32_TYPE__ def_tset(B4);
-typedef __UINT64_TYPE__ def_tset(B8);
+#define stringify_impl(S)        #S
+#define stringify(S)             stringify_impl(S)
+
+#define VA_Sel_1( _1, ... ) _1 // <-- Of all th args passed pick _1.
+#define VA_Sel_2( _1, _2, ... ) _2 // <-- Of all the args passed pick _2.
+#define VA_Sel_3( _1, _2, _3, ... ) _3 // etc..
+
+#define global static // Mark global data
+#define gknown        // Mark global data used in procedure
+
+#define LP_      static // static data within procedure scope
+#define internal static // internal
+
+#define asm           __asm__
+#define align_(value) __attribute__((aligned (value)))             // for easy alignment
+#define C_(type,data) ((type)(data))                               // for enforced precedence
+#define expect_(x, y) __builtin_expect(x, y)                       // so compiler knows the common path
+#define I_            internal inline
+#define FI_           inline   __attribute__((always_inline))      // inline always
+#define NI_           internal __attribute__((noinline))           // inline never
+#define RO_           __attribute__((section(".rodata")))          // Read only data allocation
+#define R_            restrict                                     // pointers are either restricted or volatile and nothing else 
+#define V_            volatile                                     // pointers are either restricted or volatile and nothing else
+#define T_            typeof
+#define T_same(a,b)   _Generic((a), typeof((b)): 1, default: 0)
+
+#define r_(ptr)        C_(T_(ptr[0])*R_, ptr)
+#define v_(ptr)        C_(T_(ptr[0])*V_, ptr)
+#define tr_(type, ptr) C_(type*R_, ptr)
+#define tv_(type, ptr) C_(type*V_, ptr)
+
+#define TypeR_(type)          type*restrict type ## _R
+#define TypeV_(type)          type*volatile type ## _V
+#define PtrSet_(type)         TypeR_(type); typedef TypeV_(type)
+#define TSet_(type)           type; typedef PtrSet_(type)
+
+#define array_len(a)                   (U8)(sizeof(a) / sizeof(typeof((a)[0])))
+#define array_decl(type, ...)          (type[]){__VA_ARGS__}
+#define Array_sym(type,len)            A ## len ## _ ## type
+#define Array_expand(type,len)         type Array_sym(type, len)[len]; typedef PtrSet_(Array_sym(type, len))
+#define Array_(type,len)               Array_expand(type,len)
+#define Bit_(id,b)                     id = (1 << b), tmpl(id,pos) = b
+#define Enum_(underlying_type, symbol) underlying_type TSet_(symbol); enum   symbol
+#define Proc_(symbol)                  symbol
+#define Struct_(symbol)                struct symbol   TSet_(symbol); struct symbol
+#define Union_(symbol)                 union  symbol   TSet_(symbol); union  symbol
+
+#define Opt_(proc)                    Struct_(tmpl(Opt,proc))
+#define opt_(symbol, ...)             (tmpl(Opt,symbol)){__VA_ARGS__}
+#define Ret_(proc)                    Struct_(tmpl(Ret,proc))
+#define ret_(proc)                    tmpl(Ret,proc) proc
+
+// Using Byte-Width convention for the fundamental types.
+typedef __UINT8_TYPE__  TSet_(U1); 
+typedef __UINT16_TYPE__ TSet_(U2);
+typedef __UINT32_TYPE__ TSet_(U4);
+typedef __INT8_TYPE__   TSet_(S1); 
+typedef __INT16_TYPE__  TSet_(S2); 
+typedef __INT32_TYPE__  TSet_(S4);
+typedef unsigned char   TSet_(B1); 
+typedef __UINT16_TYPE__ TSet_(B2); 
+typedef __UINT32_TYPE__ TSet_(B4);
+
+#define u1_(value)  C_(U1, value)
+#define u2_(value)  C_(U2, value)
+#define u4_(value)  C_(U4, value)
+#define s1_(value)  C_(S1, value)
+#define s2_(value)  C_(S2, value)
+#define s4_(value)  C_(S4, value)
+
+#define u1_r(value) C_(U1*R_, value)
+#define u2_r(value) C_(U2*R_, value)
+#define u4_r(value) C_(U4*R_, value)
+#define u1_v(value) C_(U1*V_, value)
+#define u2_v(value) C_(U2*V_, value)
+#define u4_v(value) C_(U4*V_, value)
 enum { false = 0, true  = 1, true_overflow, };
 
-#define u1_r(value) cast(U1_R, value)
-#define u2_r(value) cast(U2_R, value)
-#define u4_r(value) cast(U4_R, value)
-#define u1_v(value) cast(U1_V, value)
-#define u2_v(value) cast(U2_V, value)
-#define u4_v(value) cast(U4_V, value)
+typedef void Proc_(VoidFn) (void);
 
-#define u1_(value)  cast(U1, value)
-#define u2_(value)  cast(U2, value)
-#define u4_(value)  cast(U4, value)
-#define s1_(value)  cast(S1, value)
-#define s2_(value)  cast(S2, value)
-#define s4_(value)  cast(S4, value)
+#define kilo(n)         (C_(U4, n) << 10)
+#define mega(n)         (C_(U4, n) << 20)
+#define giga(n)         (C_(U4, n) << 30)
+#define tera(n)         (C_(U4, n) << 40)
+#define null             C_(U4,    0)
+#define nullptr          C_(void*, 0)
+#define O_(type,member)  C_(U4,__builtin_offsetof(type,member))
+#define S_(data)         C_(U4, sizeof(data))
 
-#define farray_len(array)                   (SSIZE)sizeof(array) / size_of( typeof((array)[0]))
-#define farray_init(type, ...)              (type[]){__VA_ARGS__}
-#define def_farray_sym(_type, _len)         A ## _len ## _ ## _type
-#define def_farray_impl(_type, _len)        _type def_farray_sym(_type, _len)[_len]; typedef def_ptr_set(def_farray_sym(_type, _len))
-#define def_farray(type, len)               def_farray_impl(type, len)
-#define def_enum(underlying_type, symbol)   underlying_type def_tset(symbol); enum   symbol
-#define def_struct(symbol)                  struct symbol   def_tset(symbol); struct symbol
-#define def_union(symbol)                   union  symbol   def_tset(symbol); union  symbol
-#define def_proc(symbol)                    symbol
-#define opt_args(symbol, ...)               &(symbol){__VA_ARGS__}
-#define ret_type(type)                      type
-
-#define o_(field)                           offset_of(typeof_ptr(& field), filed))
-
-#define alignas                             _Alignas
-#define alignof                             _Alignof
-#define byte_pad(amount, ...)               B1 glue(_PAD_, __VA_ARGS__) [amount]
-#define cast(type, data)                    ((type)(data))
-#define pcast(type, data)                   (cast(type*, & (data)) [0])
-#define nullptr                             cast(void*, 0)
-#define size_of(data)                       cast(U4, sizeof(data))
-
-#define r_(ptr)                             cast(typeof_ptr(ptr)*R_, ptr)
-#define v_(ptr)                             cast(typeof_ptr(ptr)*V_, ptr)
-#define tr_(type, ptr)                      cast(type*R_, ptr)
-#define tv_(type, ptr)                      cast(type*V_, ptr)
-
-#define kilo(n)                             (cast(U4, n) << 10)
-#define mega(n)                             (cast(U4, n) << 20)
-#define giga(n)                             (cast(U4, n) << 30)
-#define tera(n)                             (cast(U4, n) << 40)
-
-#define dbg_args(...)                      __VA_ARGS__
-
-#define sop_1(op, a, b) cast(U1, s1_(a) op s1_(b))
-#define sop_2(op, a, b) cast(U2, s2_(a) op s2_(b))
-#define sop_4(op, a, b) cast(U4, s4_(a) op s4_(b))
+#define sop_1(op,a,b) C_(U1, s1_(a) op s1_(b))
+#define sop_2(op,a,b) C_(U2, s2_(a) op s2_(b))
+#define sop_4(op,a,b) C_(U4, s4_(a) op s4_(b))
 
+#undef def_signed_op
 #define def_signed_op(id,op,width) FI_ U ## width id ## _s ## width(U ## width a, U ## width b) {return sop_ ## width(op, a, b); }
 #define def_signed_ops(id,op)      def_signed_op(id, op, 1) def_signed_op(id, op, 2) def_signed_op(id, op, 4)
-def_signed_ops(add, +) def_signed_ops(sub, -)
-def_signed_ops(mut, *) def_signed_ops(div, /)
-def_signed_ops(gt,  >) def_signed_ops(lt,  <) 
-def_signed_ops(ge, >=) def_signed_ops(le, <=)
+def_signed_ops(add, +)
+def_signed_ops(sub, -)
+def_signed_ops(mut, *)
+def_signed_ops(div, /)
+def_signed_ops(gt,  >)
+def_signed_ops(lt,  <) 
+def_signed_ops(ge, >=)
+def_signed_ops(le, <=)
+#undef def_signed_ops
+#undef def_signed_op
 
 #define def_generic_sop(op, a, ...) _Generic((a), U1:  op ## _s1, U2: op ## _s2, U4: op ## _s4) (a, __VA_ARGS__)
 #define add_s(a,b) def_generic_sop(add,a,b)
@@ -111,6 +129,29 @@ def_signed_ops(ge, >=) def_signed_ops(le, <=)
 #define lt_s(a,b)  def_generic_sop(lt, a,b)
 #define ge_s(a,b)  def_generic_sop(ge, a,b)
 #define le_s(a,b)  def_generic_sop(le, a,b)
+#undef def_generic_sop
+
+#define o_(field)                           offset_of(typeof_ptr(& field), filed))
+
+#define alignas                             _Alignas
+#define alignof                             _Alignof
+#define byte_pad(amount, ...)               B1 glue(_PAD_, __VA_ARGS__) [amount]
+#define pcast(type, data)                   (C_(type*, & (data)) [0])
+
+#define dbg_args(...)                      __VA_ARGS__
+
+#pragma region Control Flow & Iteration
+#define each_iter(type, iter, end)             (type iter = 0; iter < end; ++ iter)
+#define index_iter(type, iter, begin, op, end) (type iter = begin; iter op end; (begin < end ? ++ iter : -- iter))
+#define range_iter(iter,op,range)              (T_((range).p0) iter = (range).p0; iter op (range).p1; ((range).p0 < (range).p1 ? ++ iter : -- iter))
+
+#define defer(expr)                for(U4         once= 1;                  once!=1;++     once,(expr))    // Basic do something after body
+#define scope(begin,end)           for(U4         once=(1,(begin));         once!=1;++     once,(end ))    // Do things before or after a scope
+#define defer_rewind(cursor)       for(T_(cursor) sp=cursor,once=0;         once!=1;++     once,cursor=sp) // Used with arenas/stacks
+#define defer_info(type,expr, ...) for(type       info= {__VA_ARGS__}; info.once!=1;++info.once,(expr))    // Defer with tracked state
+
+#define do_while(cond) for (U8 once=0; once!=1 || (cond); ++once)
+#pragma endregion Control Flow & Iteration
 
 #define span_iter(type, iter, m_begin, op, m_end) ( \
 	tmpl(Iter_Span,type) iter = {     \
@@ -119,44 +160,20 @@ def_signed_ops(ge, >=) def_signed_ops(le, <=)
 	iter.cursor op iter.r.end;        \
 	++ iter.cursor                    \
 )
-#define def_span(type)                                                \
-	        def_struct(tmpl(     Span,type)) { type begin; type end; }; \
-	typedef def_struct(tmpl(Iter_Span,type)) { tmpl(Span,type) r; type cursor; }
+#define Span_(type)                                                \
+	        Struct_(tmpl(     Span,type)) { type begin; type end; }; \
+	typedef Struct_(tmpl(Iter_Span,type)) { tmpl(Span,type) r; type cursor; }
 
-typedef def_span(S4);
-typedef def_span(U4);
+typedef Span_(S4);
+typedef Span_(U4);
 
-typedef void def_proc(VoidFn) (void);
-
-typedef unsigned char def_tset(UTF8);
-typedef def_struct(Str8)       { UTF8* ptr; U4 len; }; typedef Str8 def_tset(Slice_UTF8);
-typedef def_struct(Slice_Str8) { Str8* ptr; U4 len; };
-#define txt(string_literal)    (Str8){ (UTF8*) string_literal, size_of(string_literal) - 1 }
-
-#define def_Slice(type)           def_struct(tmpl(Slice,type)) { type* ptr; U4 len; }
-#define slice_assert(slice)       do { assert((slice).ptr != nullptr); assert((slice).len > 0); } while(0)
-#define slice_end(slice)          ((slice).ptr + (slice).len)
-#define size_of_slice_type(slice) size_of((slice).ptr[0])
-
-typedef def_Slice(void);
-typedef def_Slice(B1);
-#define slice_byte(slice) ((Slice_B1){cast(B1*, (slice).ptr), (slice).len * size_of_slice_type(slice)})
-#define slice_fmem(mem)   ((Slice_B1){ mem, size_of(mem) })
-
-void slice__copy(Slice_B1 dest, U4 dest_typewidth, Slice_B1 src, U4 src_typewidth);
-void slice__zero(Slice_B1 mem, U4 typewidth);
-#define slice_copy(dest, src) do {       \
-	static_assert(typeof_same(dest, src)); \
-	slice__copy(slice_byte(dest),  size_of_slice_type(dest), slice_byte(src), size_of_slice_type(src)); \
-} while (0)
-#define slice_zero(slice) slice__zero(slice_byte(slice), size_of_slice_type(slice))
-
-#define slice_iter(container, iter) (             \
-	typeof((container).ptr) iter = (container).ptr; \
-	iter != slice_end(container);                   \
-	++ iter                                         \
-)
-#define slice_from_farray(type, ...) & (tmpl(Slice,type)) { \
-	.ptr = farray_init(type, __VA_ARGS__),             \
-	.len = farray_len( farray_init(type, __VA_ARGS__)) \
-}
+#if 0
+#pragma region Debug
+#define debug_trap() __builtin_debugtrap()
+#if BUILD_DEBUG
+IA_ void assert(U8 cond) { if(cond){return;} else{debug_trap(); ms_exit_process(1);} }
+#else
+#define assert(cond)
+#endif
+#pragma endregion Debug
+#endif

code/duffle/farena.h

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
-#	pragma once
-#	include "dsl.h"
-#	include "memory.h"
-#	include "strings.h"
-#endif
-
-typedef def_struct(Opts_farena) {
-	Str8 type_name;
-	U4   alignment;
-};
-typedef def_struct(FArena) {
-	void* start;
-	U4    capacity;
-	U4    used;
-};
-FArena      farena_make  (Slice_B1 mem);
-void        farena_init  (FArena* arena, Slice_B1 byte);
-Slice_B1    farena__push (FArena* arena, U4 amount, U4 type_width, Opts_farena* opts);
-void        farena_reset (FArena* arena);
-void        farena_rewind(FArena* arena, AllocatorSP save_point);
-AllocatorSP farena_save  (FArena  arena);
-
-// void farena_allocator_proc(AllocatorProc_In in, AllocatorProc_Out* out);
-// #define ainfo_farena(arena) (AllocatorInfo){ .proc = farena_allocator_proc, .data = & arena }
-
-#define farena_push(arena, type, ...) \
-cast(type*, farena__push(arena, size_of(type), 1, opt_args(Opts_farena_push, lit(stringify(type)), __VA_ARGS__))).ptr
-
-#define farena_push_array(arena, type, amount, ...) \
-(Slice ## type){ farena__push(arena, size_of(type), amount, opt_args(Opts_farena_push, lit(stringify(type)), __VA_ARGS__)).ptr, amount }

code/duffle/gp.h

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #	include "math.h"
 #endif
 
-typedef def_enum(U4, gp_Commands) {
+typedef Enum_(U4, gp_Commands) {
 	gcmd_Reset       = 0b000,
 	gcmd_Polygon     = 0b001,
 	gcmd_Line        = 0b010,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ enum {
 	gp_SetArea_BottomRight = (gcmd_SetDrawArea_BotRight << gcmd_offset),
 };
 
-typedef def_struct(RGB8) { B1 r; B1 g; B1 b; };
+typedef Struct_(RGB8) { B1 r; B1 g; B1 b; };
 #define rgb8(r, g, b) (RGB8){ r, g, b }
 
 typedef B1 gp_Pixel16[1];
@@ -88,10 +88,35 @@ enum {
 	gp_b16_Y = 16,
 };
 
-typedef def_struct(gp_Vec2) { U2 y; U2 x; };
+typedef Struct_(gp_Vec2) { U2 y; U2 x; };
 
 #if 1
 void gp_screen_init(void) __asm__("gp_screen_init_asm");
 #else
 #define gp_screen_init() gp_screen_init_c11()
 #endif
+
+
+
+// TODO REVIEW:
+
+/* --- GPU Command Semantics (GP0) --- */
+
+#define GPU_CMD_CLEAR_CACHE 0x01
+#define GPU_CMD_VRAM_FILL   0x02
+#define GPU_CMD_VRAM_COPY   0x80
+#define GPU_CMD_VRAM_READ   0xC0
+#define GPU_CMD_POLY_F3     0x20 /* Flat Triangle */
+#define GPU_CMD_POLY_FT3    0x24 /* Flat Textured Triangle */
+#define GPU_CMD_POLY_G3     0x30 /* Gouraud Triangle */
+#define GPU_CMD_POLY_GT3    0x34 /* Gouraud Textured Triangle */
+#define GPU_CMD_POLY_F4     0x28 /* Flat Quad */
+#define GPU_CMD_POLY_FT4    0x2C /* Flat Textured Quad */
+#define GPU_CMD_POLY_G4     0x38 /* Gouraud Quad */
+#define GPU_CMD_POLY_GT4    0x3C /* Gouraud Textured Quad */
+
+/* --- Hardware MMIO Addresses --- */
+
+#define HW_GP0_ADDR       0x1F801810 /* GPU Data Port */
+#define HW_GP1_ADDR       0x1F801814 /* GPU Status/Control Port */
+

code/duffle/gte.h

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	pragma once
+#	include "dsl.h"
+#	include "math.h"
+#	include "mips.h"
+#endif
+
+/* C2 data registers */
+
+/* --- GTE Data Registers (Coprocessor 2) --- */
+typedef enum {
+    C2_VXY0 = 0,  C2_VZ0  = 1,  C2_VXY1 = 2,  C2_VZ1  = 3,
+    C2_VXY2 = 4,  C2_VZ2  = 5,  C2_RGB  = 6,  C2_OTZ  = 7,
+    C2_IR0  = 8,  C2_IR1  = 9,  C2_IR2  = 10, C2_IR3  = 11,
+    C2_SXY0 = 12, C2_SXY1 = 13, C2_SXY2 = 14, C2_SXYP = 15,
+    C2_SZ0  = 16, C2_SZ1  = 17, C2_SZ2  = 18, C2_SZ3  = 19,
+    C2_RGB0 = 20, C2_RGB1 = 21, C2_RGB2 = 22, C2_RES1 = 23,
+    C2_MAC0 = 24, C2_MAC1 = 25, C2_MAC2 = 26, C2_MAC3 = 27,
+    C2_IRGB = 28, C2_ORGB = 29, C2_LZCS = 30, C2_LZCR = 31
+};
+
+/* Semantic Aliases for GTE Data Registers */
+
+#define GTE_IN_VEC0_XY   C2_VXY0 /* Input Vector 0 (X, Y) */
+#define GTE_IN_VEC0_Z    C2_VZ0  /* Input Vector 0 (Z) */
+#define GTE_IN_VEC1_XY   C2_VXY1 /* Input Vector 1 (X, Y) */
+#define GTE_IN_VEC1_Z    C2_VZ1  /* Input Vector 1 (Z) */
+#define GTE_IN_VEC2_XY   C2_VXY2 /* Input Vector 2 (X, Y) */
+#define GTE_IN_VEC2_Z    C2_VZ2  /* Input Vector 2 (Z) */
+#define GTE_IN_COLOR     C2_RGB  /* Input Color (R, G, B, Code) */
+#define GTE_OUT_SCR_XY0  C2_SXY0 /* Output Screen Coord 0 (X, Y) */
+#define GTE_OUT_SCR_XY1  C2_SXY1 /* Output Screen Coord 1 (X, Y) */
+#define GTE_OUT_SCR_XY2  C2_SXY2 /* Output Screen Coord 2 (X, Y) */
+#define GTE_OUT_DEPTH    C2_OTZ  /* Output Ordering Table Z (Depth) */
+#define GTE_MATH_ACCUM0  C2_MAC0 /* Math Accumulator 0 */
+#define GTE_MATH_ACCUM1  C2_MAC1 /* Math Accumulator 1 */
+#define GTE_MATH_ACCUM2  C2_MAC2 /* Math Accumulator 2 */
+
+/* --- GTE Command Semantics (The Bitfield Meanings) --- 
+ * A GTE command is a single 32-bit word sent to COP2.
+ * It is highly configurable via bitfields.
+ */
+
+/* Shift Fraction (Bit 19) - Determines fixed-point division */
+#define GTE_SF_FRACTIONAL 0  /* Divide result by 4096 (Standard 4.12 fixed point) */
+#define GTE_SF_INTEGER    1  /* No division (Raw integer math) */
+
+/* Matrix Select (Bits 18-17) - Which 3x3 matrix to multiply by */
+#define GTE_MX_ROTATION   0  /* Rotation Matrix (RT) */
+#define GTE_MX_LIGHT      1  /* Light Matrix (LL) */
+#define GTE_MX_COLOR      2  /* Color Matrix (LC) */
+#define GTE_MX_NONE       3  /* Reserved / Do not multiply */
+
+/* Vector Select (Bits 16-15) - Which input vector to use */
+#define GTE_V_VEC0        0  /* Use Vector 0 (VXY0, VZ0) */
+#define GTE_V_VEC1        1  /* Use Vector 1 (VXY1, VZ1) */
+#define GTE_V_VEC2        2  /* Use Vector 2 (VXY2, VZ2) */
+#define GTE_V_IR_REGS     3  /* Use Intermediate Registers (IR1, IR2, IR3) */
+
+/* Control Vector Select (Bits 14-13) - Which vector to ADD after multiplication */
+#define GTE_CV_TRANSLATE  0  /* Add Translation Vector (TRX, TRY, TRZ) */
+#define GTE_CV_BG_COLOR   1  /* Add Background Color (RBK, GBK, BBK) */
+#define GTE_CV_FAR_COLOR  2  /* Add Far Color (RFC, GFC, BFC) */
+#define GTE_CV_NONE       3  /* Add Zero (No addition) */
+
+/* Limit/Clamp (Bit 10) - Prevents overflow artifacts */
+#define GTE_LM_NORMAL     0  /* Normal math (can overflow) */
+#define GTE_LM_CLAMP      1  /* Clamp results to valid hardware ranges (e.g., RGB 0-255) */
+
+/* Core Command IDs (Bits 5-0) */
+#define GTE_CMD_RTPS      0x01 /* Rot/Trans Perspective Single (1 vertex) */
+#define GTE_CMD_RTPT      0x02 /* Rot/Trans Perspective Triple (3 vertices) */
+#define GTE_CMD_NCLIP     0x06 /* Normal Clipping (Backface culling) */
+#define GTE_CMD_OP        0x0C /* Outer Product */
+#define GTE_CMD_MVMVA     0x12 /* Matrix Vector Multiply & Add (Custom math) */
+
+
+/* COP2 (GTE) Transfer Format 
+ * Opcode is always MIPS_OP_COP2. The 'sub' field determines direction (MT/MF). */
+#define ENC_COP2_TX(sub, rt, rd) \
+    ((MIPS_OP_COP2 << MIPS_OPCODE_SHIFT) | \
+     (((sub) & MIPS_REG_MASK) << MIPS_RS_SHIFT) | \
+     (((rt) & MIPS_REG_MASK)  << MIPS_RT_SHIFT) | \
+     (((rd) & MIPS_REG_MASK)  << MIPS_RD_SHIFT))
+
+/* GTE Command Format (The math engine trigger) 
+ * Opcode is always MIPS_OP_COP2, RS is always 1 (CO).
+ * The lower 25 bits are the GTE-specific command payload. */
+#define GTE_CMD_BASE ((MIPS_OP_COP2 << MIPS_OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1 << 25))
+#define ENC_GTE_CMD(sf, mx, v, cv, lm, cmd) \
+    (GTE_CMD_BASE | \
+     (((sf) & 1) << 19) | (((mx) & 3) << 17) | (((v)  & 3) << 15) | \
+     (((cv) & 3) << 13) | (((lm) & 1) << 10) | ((cmd) & 0x3F))

code/duffle/math.h

@@ -7,34 +7,34 @@
 #define max(A, B)       (((A) > (B)) ? (A) : (B))
 #define clamp_bot(X, B) max(X, B)
 
-typedef def_farray(U4, 2);
-typedef def_farray(S2, 2);
-typedef def_farray(S2, 3);
-typedef def_farray(S4, 2);
-typedef def_farray(S4, 3);
-typedef def_farray(S4, 4);
-typedef S2 A3A3_S2[3][3];
+typedef Array_(U4, 2);
+typedef Array_(S2, 2);
+typedef Array_(S2, 3);
+typedef Array_(S4, 2);
+typedef Array_(S4, 3);
+typedef Array_(S4, 4);
+typedef S2 A3x3_S2[3][3];
 
-typedef def_struct(Extent2_S2) { S2 width; S2 height; };
-typedef def_struct(Extent2_S4) { S4 width; S4 height; };
+typedef Struct_(Extent2_S2) { S2 width; S2 height; };
+typedef Struct_(Extent2_S4) { S4 width; S4 height; };
 
-typedef def_struct(V2_S2)      { S2 x; S2 y; };
-typedef def_struct(V2_S4)      { S4 x; S4 y; };
-typedef def_struct(V3_S2)      { S2 x; S2 y; S2 z; S2 pad; };
-typedef def_struct(V3_S4)      { S4 x; S4 y; S4 z; S4 pad; };
-typedef def_struct(V4_S2)      { S2 x; S2 y; S2 z; S2 w; };
-typedef def_struct(V4_S4)      { S4 x; S4 y; S4 z; S4 w; };
+typedef Struct_(V2_S2)      { S2 x; S2 y; };
+typedef Struct_(V2_S4)      { S4 x; S4 y; };
+typedef Struct_(V3_S2)      { S2 x; S2 y; S2 z; S2 pad; };
+typedef Struct_(V3_S4)      { S4 x; S4 y; S4 z; S4 pad; };
+typedef Struct_(V4_S2)      { S2 x; S2 y; S2 z; S2 w; };
+typedef Struct_(V4_S4)      { S4 x; S4 y; S4 z; S4 w; };
 
-typedef def_struct(R2_S2)      { V2_S2 p0; V2_S2 p1; };
-typedef def_struct(R2_S4)      { V2_S4 p0; V2_S4 p1; };
+typedef Struct_(R2_S2)      { V2_S2 p0; V2_S2 p1; };
+typedef Struct_(R2_S4)      { V2_S4 p0; V2_S4 p1; };
 
-typedef def_struct(Rect_S2) { S2 x; S2 y; S2 width; S2 height; };
-typedef def_struct(Rect_S4) { S4 x; S4 y; S4 width; S4 height; };
+typedef Struct_(Rect_S2) { S2 x; S2 y; S2 width; S2 height; };
+typedef Struct_(Rect_S4) { S4 x; S4 y; S4 width; S4 height; };
 
-typedef def_struct(M3_S2) { A3A3_S2 m; A3_S4 t; };
+typedef Struct_(M3_S2) { A3x3_S2 m; A3_S4 t; };
 
-typedef def_farray(V2_S2, 3);
-typedef def_farray(V2_S2, 4);
+typedef Array_(V2_S2, 3);
+typedef Array_(V2_S2, 4);
 
 #define v2s2(x,y)     (V2_S2){x,y}
 #define v3s2(x,y,z)   (V3_S2){x,y,z,0}

code/duffle/memory.h

@@ -3,6 +3,13 @@
 #	include "dsl.h"
 #endif
 
+#define MEM_ALIGNMENT_DEFAULT  (2 * S_(void*))
+
+#define assert_bounds(point, start, end) for(;0;){ \
+	assert((start) <= (point)); \
+	assert((point) <= (end));   \
+} while(0)
+
 inline U4 align_pow2(U4 x, U4 b) {
     assert(b != 0);
     assert((b & (b - 1)) == 0);  // Check power of 2
@@ -11,17 +18,17 @@ inline U4 align_pow2(U4 x, U4 b) {
 
 #define align_struct(type_width) ((U4)(((type_width) + 3) & ~3))
 
-#define assert_bounds(point, start, end) do { \
-	U4 pos_point = cast(U4, point); \
-	U4 pos_start = cast(U4, start); \
-	U4 pos_end   = cast(U4, end);   \
-	assert(pos_start <= pos_point); \
-	assert(pos_point <= pos_end);   \
-} while(0)
+FI_ void mem_bump(U4 start, U4 cap, U4*R_ used, U4 amount) {
+	assert(amount <= (cap - used[0])); 
+	used[0] += amount; 
+}
 
-void* memory_copy            (void* restrict dest, void const* restrict src, U4 length) __asm__("memcpy");
-void* memory_copy_overlapping(void* restrict dest, void const* restrict src, U4 length);
-B4    memory_zero            (void* dest, U4 length);
+FI_ U4 mem_copy            (U4 dest, U4 src,   U4 len) { return (U4)(__builtin_memcpy ((void*)dest, (void const*)src,   len)); }
+FI_ U4 mem_copy_overlapping(U4 dest, U4 src,   U4 len) { return (U4)(__builtin_memmove((void*)dest, (void const*)src,   len)); }
+FI_ U4 mem_fill            (U4 dest, U4 value, U4 len) { return (U4)(__builtin_memset ((void*)dest, (int)        value, len)); }
+FI_ B4 mem_zero            (U4 dest,           U4 len) { if(dest == 0){return false;} mem_fill(dest, 0, len); return true; }
+
+#pragma region DAG
 
 #define check_nil(nil, p) ((p) == 0 || (p) == nil)
 #define set_nil(nil, p)   ((p) = nil)
@@ -42,101 +49,70 @@ B4    memory_zero            (void* dest, U4 length);
 )
 #define sll_queue_push_n(f, l, n, next) sll_queue_push_nz(0, f, l, n, next)
 
-#pragma region Allocator Interface
-#if 0
-typedef def_enum(U4, AllocatorOp) {
-	AllocatorOp_Alloc_NoZero = 0, // If Alloc exist, so must No_Zero
-	AllocatorOp_Alloc,
-	AllocatorOp_Free,
-	AllocatorOp_Reset,
-	AllocatorOp_Grow_NoZero,
-	AllocatorOp_Grow,
-	AllocatorOp_Shrink,
-	AllocatorOp_Rewind,
-	AllocatorOp_SavePoint,
-	AllocatorOp_Query, // Must always be implemented
-};
-typedef def_enum(U4, AllocatorQueryFlags) {
-	AllocatorQuery_Alloc        = (1 << 0),
-	AllocatorQuery_Free         = (1 << 1),
-	// Wipe the allocator's state
-	AllocatorQuery_Reset        = (1 << 2),
-	// Supports both grow and shrink
-	AllocatorQuery_Shrink       = (1 << 4),
-	AllocatorQuery_Grow         = (1 << 5),
-	AllocatorQuery_Resize       = AllocatorQuery_Grow | AllocatorQuery_Shrink,
-	// Ability to rewind to a save point (ex: arenas, stack), must also be able to save such a point
-	AllocatorQuery_Rewind       = (1 << 6),
-};
-typedef struct AllocatorProc_In  AllocatorProc_In;
-typedef struct AllocatorProc_Out AllocatorProc_Out;
-typedef void def_proc(AllocatorProc) (AllocatorProc_In In, AllocatorProc_Out* Out);
-typedef def_struct(AllocatorSP) {
-	AllocatorProc* type_sig;
-	U4             slot;
-};
-struct AllocatorProc_In {
-	void*          data;
-	U4             requested_size;
-	U4             alignment;
-	union {
-		Slice_B1     old_allocation;
-		AllocatorSP  save_point;
-	};
-	AllocatorOp    op;
-	byte_pad(4);
-};
-struct AllocatorProc_Out {
-	union {
-		Slice_B1    allocation;
-		AllocatorSP save_point;
-	};
-	AllocatorQueryFlags features;
-	U4                  left; // Contiguous memory left
-	U4                  max_alloc;
-	U4                  min_alloc;
-	// byte_pad(8);
-};
-typedef def_struct(AllocatorInfo) {
-	AllocatorProc* proc;
-	void*          data;
-};
-static_assert(size_of(AllocatorSP) <= size_of(Slice_B1));
-typedef def_struct(AllocatorQueryInfo) {
-	AllocatorSP         save_point;
-	AllocatorQueryFlags features;
-	U4                  left; // Contiguous memory left
-	U4                  max_alloc;
-	U4                  min_alloc;
-	// byte_pad(4);
-};
-static_assert(size_of(AllocatorProc_Out) == size_of(AllocatorQueryInfo));
+#pragma endregion DAG
 
-#define MEMORY_ALIGNMENT_DEFAULT (2 * size_of(void*))
+#pragma region Slice
 
-AllocatorQueryInfo allocator_query(AllocatorInfo ainfo);
+typedef unsigned char UTF8;
+typedef Struct_(Str8)       { UTF8* ptr; U4 len; };
+typedef Struct_(Slice_Str8) { Str8* ptr; U4 len; };
+#define txt(string_literal) (Str8){ (UTF8*) string_literal, S_(string_literal) - 1 }
 
-void        mem_free      (AllocatorInfo ainfo, Slice_B1 mem);
-void        mem_reset     (AllocatorInfo ainfo);
-void        mem_rewind    (AllocatorInfo ainfo, AllocatorSP save_point);
-AllocatorSP mem_save_point(AllocatorInfo ainfo);
+typedef Struct_(Slice) { U4 ptr, len; }; // Untyped Slice
+FI_ Slice slice_ut_(U4 ptr, U4 len) { return (Slice){ptr, len}; }
 
-typedef def_struct(Opts_mem_alloc)  { U4 alignment; B4 no_zero; byte_pad(4); };
-typedef def_struct(Opts_mem_grow)   { U4 alignment; B4 no_zero; byte_pad(4); };
-typedef def_struct(Opts_mem_shrink) { U4 alignment; };
-typedef def_struct(Opts_mem_resize) { U4 alignment; B4 no_zero; byte_pad(4); };
+#define Slice_(type)        Struct_(tmpl(Slice,type)) { type* ptr; U4 len; }
+typedef Slice_(B1);
+#define slice_assert(s)    do { assert((s).ptr != 0); assert((s).len > 0); } while(0)
+#define slice_end(slice)   ((slice).ptr + (slice).len)
+#define S_slice(s)         ((s).len * S_((s).ptr[0]))
 
-Slice_B1 mem__alloc (AllocatorInfo ainfo,               U4 size, Opts_mem_alloc*  opts);
-Slice_B1 mem__grow  (AllocatorInfo ainfo, Slice_B1 mem, U4 size, Opts_mem_grow*   opts);
-Slice_B1 mem__resize(AllocatorInfo ainfo, Slice_B1 mem, U4 size, Opts_mem_resize* opts);
-Slice_B1 mem__shrink(AllocatorInfo ainfo, Slice_B1 mem, U4 size, Opts_mem_shrink* opts);
+#define slice_ut(ptr,len)  slice_ut_(u4_(ptr), u4_(len))
+#define slice_ut_arr(a)    slice_ut_(u4_(a),   S_(a))
+#define slice_to_ut(s)     slice_ut_(u4_((s).ptr), S_slice(s))
 
-#define mem_alloc(ainfo, size, ...)       mem__alloc (ainfo,      size, opt_args(Opts_mem_alloc,  __VA_ARGS__))
-#define mem_grow(ainfo,   mem, size, ...) mem__grow  (ainfo, mem, size, opt_args(Opts_mem_grow,   __VA_ARGS__))
-#define mem_resize(ainfo, mem, size, ...) mem__resize(ainfo, mem, size, opt_args(Opts_mem_resize, __VA_ARGS__))
-#define mem_shrink(ainfo, mem, size, ...) mem__shrink(ainfo, mem, size, opt_args(Opts_mem_shrink, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define slice_iter(container, iter)     (T_((container).ptr) iter = (container).ptr; iter != slice_end(container); ++ iter)
+#define slice_arg_from_array(type, ...) & (tmpl(Slice,type)) { .ptr = array_decl(type,__VA_ARGS__), .len = array_len( array_decl(type,__VA_ARGS__)) }
 
-#define alloc_type(ainfo, type, ...)       (type*)             mem__alloc(ainfo, size_of(type),        opt_args(Opts_mem_alloc, __VA_ARGS__)).ptr
-#define alloc_slice(ainfo, type, num, ...) (tmpl(Slice,type)){ mem__alloc(ainfo, size_of(type) * num,  opt_args(Opts_mem_alloc, __VA_ARGS__)).ptr, num }
-#endif
-#pragma endregion Allocator Interface
+FI_ void slice_zero_(Slice s) { slice_assert(s); mem_zero(s.ptr, s.len); }
+#define  slice_zero(s)        slice_zero_(slice_to_ut(s))
+
+FI_ void slice_copy_(Slice dest, Slice src) {
+	assert(dest.len >= src.len);
+	slice_assert(dest);
+	slice_assert(src);
+	mem_copy(dest.ptr, src.ptr, src.len);
+}
+#define slice_copy(dest, src) do {  \
+	static_assert(T_same(dest, src)); \
+	slice_copy_(slice_to_ut(dest), slice_to_ut(src)); \
+} while(0)
+
+#pragma endregion Slice
+
+#pragma region FArena
+typedef Opt_(farena)    { U4 alignment, type_width; };
+typedef Struct_(FArena) { U4 start, capacity, used; };
+FI_ void farena_init(FArena_R arena, Slice mem) {  assert(arena != nullptr);
+	arena->start    = mem.ptr;
+	arena->capacity = mem.len;
+	arena->used     = 0;
+}
+FI_ FArena farena_make(Slice mem) { FArena a; farena_init(& a, mem); return a; }
+I_ Slice farena_push(FArena_R arena, U4 amount, Opt_farena o) {
+	if (amount == 0) { return (Slice){}; }
+	U4 desired   = amount * (o.type_width == 0 ? 1 : o.type_width);
+	U4 to_commit = align_pow2(desired, o.alignment ?  o.alignment : MEM_ALIGNMENT_DEFAULT);
+	mem_bump(arena->start, arena->capacity, & arena->used, to_commit);
+	return (Slice){ arena->start + arena->used, to_commit };
+}
+FI_ void farena_reset(FArena_R arena) { arena->used = 0; }
+FI_ void farena_rewind(FArena_R arena, U4 save_point) {
+	U4 end       = arena->start + arena->used; assert_bounds(save_point, arena->start, end);
+	arena->used -= save_point - arena->start;
+}
+FI_ U4 farena_save(FArena arena) { return arena.used; }
+#define farena_push_(arena, amount, ...)                                          farena_push((arena), (amount), opt_(farena, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define farena_push_type(arena, type, ...)                              C_(type*, farena_push((arena), 1,        opt_(farena, .type_width=S_(type), __VA_ARGS__)).ptr)
+#define farena_push_array(arena, type, amount, ...) (tmpl(Slice,type)){ C_(type*, farena_push((arena), (amount), opt_(farena, .type_width=S_(type), __VA_ARGS__)).ptr), (amount) }
+#pragma endregion FArena

code/duffle/mips.h

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	pragma once
+#	include "dsl.h"
+#endif
+
+/* --- MIPS CPU Registers --- */
+typedef enum {
+    R_ZERO = 0, R_AT = 1,   R_V0 = 2,   R_V1 = 3,
+    R_A0 = 4,   R_A1 = 5,   R_A2 = 6,   R_A3 = 7,
+    R_T0 = 8,   R_T1 = 9,   R_T2 = 10,  R_T3 = 11,
+    R_T4 = 12,  R_T5 = 13,  R_T6 = 14,  R_T7 = 15,
+    R_S0 = 16,  R_S1 = 17,  R_S2 = 18,  R_S3 = 19,
+    R_S4 = 20,  R_S5 = 21,  R_S6 = 22,  R_S7 = 23,
+    R_T8 = 24,  R_T9 = 25,  R_K0 = 26,  R_K1 = 27,
+    R_GP = 28,  R_SP = 29,  R_FP = 30,  R_RA = 31
+};
+
+/* Semantic Aliases for MIPS Registers (O32 ABI) */
+
+#define REG_DISCARD      R_ZERO /* Hardwired to 0 */
+#define REG_RETURN_VAL   R_V0   /* Function return value */
+#define REG_RETURN_VAL2  R_V1   /* Second return value (e.g., 64-bit) */
+#define REG_ARG_0        R_A0   /* First function argument */
+#define REG_ARG_1        R_A1   /* Second function argument */
+#define REG_ARG_2        R_A2   /* Third function argument */
+#define REG_ARG_3        R_A3   /* Fourth function argument */
+#define REG_TEMP_0       R_T0   /* Temporary (Caller saved) */
+#define REG_TEMP_1       R_T1   /* Temporary (Caller saved) */
+#define REG_TEMP_2       R_T2   /* Temporary (Caller saved) */
+#define REG_SAVED_0      R_S0   /* Saved register (Callee saved) */
+#define REG_STACK_PTR    R_SP   /* Stack Pointer */
+#define REG_RETURN_ADDR  R_RA   /* Return Address (populated by JAL) */
+
+/* --- MIPS CPU Opcodes (Bits 31-26) --- */
+
+#define MIPS_OP_SPECIAL  0x00 /* R-Type instructions (uses FUNCT field) */
+#define MIPS_OP_BCOND    0x01 /* Branch on condition */
+#define MIPS_OP_J        0x02 /* Jump */
+#define MIPS_OP_JAL      0x03 /* Jump and Link */
+#define MIPS_OP_BEQ      0x04 /* Branch on Equal */
+#define MIPS_OP_BNE      0x05 /* Branch on Not Equal */
+#define MIPS_OP_BLEZ     0x06 /* Branch on Less Than or Equal to Zero */
+#define MIPS_OP_BGTZ     0x07 /* Branch on Greater Than Zero */
+#define MIPS_OP_ADDI     0x08 /* Add Immediate */
+#define MIPS_OP_ADDIU    0x09 /* Add Immediate Unsigned */
+#define MIPS_OP_SLTI     0x0A /* Set on Less Than Immediate */
+#define MIPS_OP_SLTIU    0x0B /* Set on Less Than Immediate Unsigned */
+#define MIPS_OP_ANDI     0x0C /* AND Immediate */
+#define MIPS_OP_ORI      0x0D /* OR Immediate */
+#define MIPS_OP_XORI     0x0E /* XOR Immediate */
+#define MIPS_OP_LUI      0x0F /* Load Upper Immediate */
+#define MIPS_OP_COP0     0x10 /* Coprocessor 0 (System) */
+#define MIPS_OP_COP2     0x12 /* Coprocessor 2 (GTE) */
+#define MIPS_OP_LB       0x20 /* Load Byte */
+#define MIPS_OP_LH       0x21 /* Load Halfword */
+#define MIPS_OP_LW       0x23 /* Load Word */
+#define MIPS_OP_LBU      0x24 /* Load Byte Unsigned */
+#define MIPS_OP_LHU      0x25 /* Load Halfword Unsigned */
+#define MIPS_OP_SB       0x28 /* Store Byte */
+#define MIPS_OP_SH       0x29 /* Store Halfword */
+#define MIPS_OP_SW       0x2B /* Store Word */
+
+/* --- MIPS CPU Function Codes (Bits 5-0, used when OP == MIPS_OP_SPECIAL) --- */
+
+#define MIPS_FC_SLL   0x00 /* Shift Word Left Logical */
+#define MIPS_FC_SRL   0x02 /* Shift Word Right Logical */
+#define MIPS_FC_SRA   0x03 /* Shift Word Right Arithmetic */
+#define MIPS_FC_SLLV  0x04 /* Shift Word Left Logical Variable */
+#define MIPS_FC_SRLV  0x06 /* Shift Word Right Logical Variable */
+#define MIPS_FC_SRAV  0x07 /* Shift Word Right Arithmetic Variable */
+#define MIPS_FC_JR    0x08 /* Jump Register */
+#define MIPS_FC_JALR  0x09 /* Jump and Link Register */
+#define MIPS_FC_SYSCALL 0x0C /* System Call */
+#define MIPS_FC_BREAK 0x0D /* Breakpoint */
+#define MIPS_FC_MFHI  0x10 /* Move From HI */
+#define MIPS_FC_MTHI  0x11 /* Move To HI */
+#define MIPS_FC_MFLO  0x12 /* Move From LO */
+#define MIPS_FC_MTLO  0x13 /* Move To LO */
+#define MIPS_FC_MULT  0x18 /* Multiply Word */
+#define MIPS_FC_MULTU 0x19 /* Multiply Unsigned Word */
+#define MIPS_FC_DIV   0x1A /* Divide Word */
+#define MIPS_FC_DIVU  0x1B /* Divide Unsigned Word */
+#define MIPS_FC_ADD   0x20 /* Add Word */
+#define MIPS_FC_ADDU  0x21 /* Add Unsigned Word */
+#define MIPS_FC_SUB   0x22 /* Subtract Word */
+#define MIPS_FC_SUBU  0x23 /* Subtract Unsigned Word */
+#define MIPS_FC_AND   0x24 /* AND */
+#define MIPS_FC_OR    0x25 /* OR */
+#define MIPS_FC_XOR   0x26 /* XOR */
+#define MIPS_FC_NOR   0x27 /* NOR */
+#define MIPS_FC_SLT   0x2A /* Set on Less Than */
+#define MIPS_FC_SLTU  0x2B /* Set on Less Than Unsigned */
+
+/* --- Coprocessor 0 (System Control & Exceptions) --- */
+
+#define MIPS_COP_MF      0x00 /* Move From Coprocessor */
+#define MIPS_COP_MT      0x04 /* Move To Coprocessor */
+
+
+
+
+// Bitfield Packets (Encoders)
+
+/* Bit Offsets for MIPS Instruction Fields */
+
+#define MIPS_OPCODE_SHIFT 26
+#define MIPS_RS_SHIFT     21
+#define MIPS_RT_SHIFT     16
+#define MIPS_RD_SHIFT     11
+#define MIPS_SHAMT_SHIFT  6
+#define MIPS_FC_SHIFT     0
+
+/* Bit Masks to prevent overflow into adjacent fields */
+
+#define MIPS_OPCODE_MASK  0x3F
+#define MIPS_REG_MASK     0x1F
+#define MIPS_SHAMT_MASK   0x1F
+#define MIPS_FC_MASK      0x3F
+#define MIPS_IMM_MASK     0xFFFF
+
+/* MIPS R-Type Instruction Format (Register-to-Register) */
+#define ENC_R(op, rs, rt, rd, shamt, funct) \
+	((((op) & MIPS_OPCODE_MASK) << MIPS_OPCODE_SHIFT) | \
+		(((rs) & MIPS_REG_MASK)    << MIPS_RS_SHIFT)     | \
+		(((rt) & MIPS_REG_MASK)    << MIPS_RT_SHIFT)     | \
+		(((rd) & MIPS_REG_MASK)    << MIPS_RD_SHIFT)     | \
+		(((shamt) & MIPS_SHAMT_MASK) << MIPS_SHAMT_SHIFT)  | \
+		(((funct) & MIPS_FC_MASK) << MIPS_FC_SHIFT))
+
+/* MIPS I-Type Instruction Format (Immediate/Constant) */
+#define ENC_I(op, rs, rt, imm) \
+	((((op) & MIPS_OPCODE_MASK) << MIPS_OPCODE_SHIFT) | \
+		(((rs) & MIPS_REG_MASK)    << MIPS_RS_SHIFT)     | \
+		(((rt) & MIPS_REG_MASK)    << MIPS_RT_SHIFT)     | \
+		(((imm) & MIPS_IMM_MASK)))
+
+/* COP0 (System) Transfer Format */
+#define ENC_COP0_TX(sub, rt, rd) \
+	((MIPS_OP_COP0 << MIPS_OPCODE_SHIFT) | \
+		(((sub) & MIPS_REG_MASK) << MIPS_RS_SHIFT) | \
+		(((rt) & MIPS_REG_MASK)  << MIPS_RT_SHIFT) | \
+		(((rd) & MIPS_REG_MASK)  << MIPS_RD_SHIFT))
+
+/* COP0 Return From Exception (rfe) */
+#define ENC_RFE() 0x42000010
+
+
+// Binary Metaprogramming
+
+typedef U4 const Code;
+#define def_code_blob(sym)  sym ## _ ## blob [] align_(4) =
+
+// #define def_code_blob(func_name, func_signature, ...) \
+// internal U4 const \
+// tmpl(func_name,blob) [] align(4) \
+// = { \
+// 		__VA_ARGS__ \
+// }; \
+// internal func_signature func_name = (func_signature)func_name##_blob;
+
+internal 
+Code def_code_blob(mips_flush_icache) {
+	/* addiu , , -8 */
+	ENC_I(MIPS_OP_ADDIU, REG_STACK_PTR, REG_STACK_PTR, -8),
+	/* sw , 4() */
+	ENC_I(MIPS_OP_SW, REG_STACK_PTR, REG_RETURN_ADDR, 4),
+	/* addiu , , 0x44 (BIOS Call 0x44: FlushCache) */
+	ENC_I(MIPS_OP_ADDIU, REG_DISCARD, REG_RETURN_VAL, 0x44),
+	/* addiu , , 0xA0 (BIOS A0 Table Address) */
+	ENC_I(MIPS_OP_ADDIU, REG_DISCARD, REG_TEMP_1, 0xA0),
+	/* jalr ,  (Jump to BIOS) */
+	ENC_R(MIPS_OP_SPECIAL, REG_TEMP_1, R_ZERO, REG_RETURN_ADDR, 0, MIPS_FC_JALR),
+	/* nop (Branch delay slot) */
+	ENC_R(MIPS_OP_SPECIAL, R_ZERO, R_ZERO, R_ZERO, 0, MIPS_FC_SLL),
+	/* lw , 4() */
+	ENC_I(MIPS_OP_LW, REG_STACK_PTR, REG_RETURN_ADDR, 4),
+	/* jr  (Return to C code) */
+	ENC_R(MIPS_OP_SPECIAL, REG_RETURN_ADDR, R_ZERO, R_ZERO, 0, MIPS_FC_JR),
+	/* addiu , , 8 (Branch delay slot: restore stack pointer) */
+	ENC_I(MIPS_OP_ADDIU, REG_STACK_PTR, REG_STACK_PTR, 8)
+};
+FI_ void mips_flush_icache(void) { C_(VoidFn*, mips_flush_icache_blob)(); }
+
+/* Flushes the Instruction Cache so the CPU sees our newly written tape */
+// FI_ void mips_flush_icache(void) {
+//     /* Uses standard PS1 BIOS A0 table call 0x44 */
+//     __asm__ volatile (
+//         "li $v0, 0x44\n\t"
+//         "li $t1, 0xA0\n\t"
+//         "jalr $t1\n\t"
+//         "nop"
+//         : : : "v0", "t1", "ra", "memory"
+//     );
+// }
+
+
+
+
+
+// TAPE & EMITTERS
+
+
+

code/gte_hello/hello_gte.c

@@ -17,21 +17,21 @@ enum {
 };
 
 typedef U4 OrderingTable_Buffer[OrderingTbl_Len];
-typedef def_farray(OrderingTable_Buffer, 2);
+typedef Array_(OrderingTable_Buffer, 2);
 
 typedef B1 PrimitiveBuffer[PrimitiveBuff_Len];
-typedef def_farray(PrimitiveBuffer, 2);
-typedef def_struct(PrimitiveArena) {
+typedef Array_(PrimitiveBuffer, 2);
+typedef Struct_(PrimitiveArena) {
 	A2_PrimitiveBuffer buf;
 	U4                 used;
 };
 
 #define Cube_num_verts 8
-typedef def_farray(V3_S2, Cube_num_verts);
+typedef Array_(V3_S2, Cube_num_verts);
 #define Cube_num_faces 6
-typedef def_farray(V4_S2, Cube_num_faces);
-void ent_cube128_init(A8_V3_S2* verts, A6_V4_S2* faces) {
-	memory_copy(verts, & (A8_V3_S2) {
+typedef Array_(V4_S2, Cube_num_faces);
+I_ void ent_cube128_init(A8_V3_S2* verts, A6_V4_S2* faces) {
+	LP_ A8_V3_S2 baked_verts = (A8_V3_S2) {
 		{ -128, -128, -128 },
 		{  128, -128, -128 },
 		{  128, -128,  128 },
@@ -40,18 +40,20 @@ void ent_cube128_init(A8_V3_S2* verts, A6_V4_S2* faces) {
 		{  128,  128, -128 },
 		{  128,  128,  128 },
 		{ -128,  128,  128 }
-	}, size_of(A8_V3_S2) );
-	memory_copy(faces, & (A6_V4_S2) {
+	};
+	LP_ A6_V4_S2 baked_faces = (A6_V4_S2) {
 		{ 3, 2, 0, 1 },
 		{ 0, 1, 4, 5 },
 		{ 4, 5, 7, 6 },
 		{ 1, 2, 5, 6 },
 		{ 2, 3, 6, 7 },
 		{ 3, 0, 7, 4 },
-	}, size_of(A6_V4_S2) );
+	};
+	mem_copy(u4_(verts), u4_(& baked_verts), S_(A8_V3_S2) );
+	mem_copy(u4_(faces), u4_(& baked_faces), S_(A6_V4_S2) );
 	return;
 }
-typedef def_struct(Ent_Cube) {
+typedef Struct_(Ent_Cube) {
 	V3_S4 accel;
 	V3_S4 vel;
 	V3_S4 pos;
@@ -62,22 +64,24 @@ typedef def_struct(Ent_Cube) {
 };
 
 #define Floor_num_verts 4
-typedef def_farray(V3_S2, Floor_num_verts);
+typedef Array_(V3_S2, Floor_num_verts);
 #define Floor_num_faces 2
-typedef def_farray(V3_S2, Floor_num_faces);
-void ent_floor_init(A4_V3_S2* verts, A2_V3_S2* faces) {
-	memory_copy(verts, &(A4_V3_S2) {
+typedef Array_(V3_S2, Floor_num_faces);
+I_ void ent_floor_init(A4_V3_S2* verts, A2_V3_S2* faces) {
+	LP_ A4_V3_S2 baked_verts = (A4_V3_S2) {
 		{ -900, 0, -900 },
 		{ -900, 0,  900 },
 		{  900, 0, -900 },
 		{  900, 0,  900 },
-	}, size_of(A8_V3_S2));
-	memory_copy(faces, & (A2_V3_S2) {
+	};
+	LP_ A2_V3_S2 baked_faces = (A2_V3_S2) {
 		{ 0, 1, 2 },
 		{ 1, 3, 2 },
-	}, size_of(A2_V3_S2));
 	};
-typedef def_struct(Ent_Floor) {
+	mem_copy(u4_(verts), u4_(& baked_verts), S_(A4_V3_S2));
+	mem_copy(u4_(faces), u4_(& baked_faces), S_(A2_V3_S2));
+};
+typedef Struct_(Ent_Floor) {
 	V3_S4 accel;
 	V3_S4 pos;
 	V3_S4 scale;
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ typedef def_struct(Ent_Floor) {
 	A2_V3_S2 faces;
 };
 
-typedef def_struct(SMemory) {
+typedef Struct_(SMemory) {
 	DoubleBuffer            screen_buf;
 	A2_OrderingTable_Buffer ordering_tbl;
 	PrimitiveArena          primitives;
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ typedef def_struct(SMemory) {
 global SMemory static_mem;
 extern SMemory static_mem;
 
-B1* prim__alloc(U4 type_width, Str8 type_name) {
+I_ B1* prim__alloc(U4 type_width, Str8 type_name) {
 	gknown PrimitiveArena* pa  = & static_mem.primitives;
 	gknown B1*             buf = (B1*) r_(static_mem.primitives.buf)[static_mem.active_buf_id];
 	assert(pa->used + type_width < PrimitiveBuff_Len);
@@ -108,7 +112,7 @@ B1* prim__alloc(U4 type_width, Str8 type_name) {
 	pa->used += type_width;
 	return next;
 }
-#define prim_alloc(type) (type*)prim__alloc(size_of(type), txt( stringify(type)))
+#define prim_alloc(type) (type*)prim__alloc(S_(type), txt( stringify(type)))
 
 void gp_screen_init_c11(DoubleBuffer* screen_buf, S2* active_buf_id)
 {
@@ -157,6 +161,26 @@ void gp_display_frame(DoubleBuffer* screen_buf, S2* active_buf_id, U4* ordering_
 void render(void) {
 }
 
+// #define gte_ldv0(r0)          \
+//     __asm__ volatile(         \
+//         "lwc2   $0, 0( %0 );" \
+//         "lwc2   $1, 4( %0 )"  \
+//         :                     \
+//         : "r"(r0))
+
+/**
+ * @brief Loads a single V3_S2 to GTE vector register V0
+ *
+ * @details Loads values from an V3_S2 struct to GTE data registers C2_VXY0
+ * and C2_VZ0.
+ */
+// #define gte_ldv0( r0 ) __asm__ volatile ( \
+// 	"lwc2	$0, 0( %0 );"	\
+// 	"lwc2	$1, 4( %0 );"	\
+// 	:						\
+// 	: "r"( r0 )				\
+// 	: "$t0" )
+
 void update(PrimitiveArena* pa, U4* ordering_buf) 
 {
 	orderingtbl_clear_reverse(ordering_buf, OrderingTbl_Len);
@@ -219,7 +243,7 @@ void update(PrimitiveArena* pa, U4* ordering_buf)
 		// static_mem.cube.rot.x +=  6;
 		// static_mem.cube.rot.y +=  8;
 		// static_mem.cube.rot.z += 12;
-		static_mem.cube.rot.y += 20;
+		static_mem.cube.rot.y += 0;
 	}
 	// Draw Floor
 	{

code/gte_hello/hello_gte.h

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 #	include "duffle/gp.h"
 #endif
 
-typedef def_struct(DrawEnv_Packed) { U4 tag; U4 code[15]; };
-typedef def_struct(DrawEnv) {
+typedef Struct_(DrawEnv_Packed) { U4 tag; U4 code[15]; };
+typedef Struct_(DrawEnv) {
 	Rect_S2 clip_area;
 	A2_S2   drawing_offset;
 	Rect_S2 texture_window;
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ typedef def_struct(DrawEnv) {
 	RGB8    initial_bg_color;
 	DrawEnv_Packed dr_env; // reserved
 };
-typedef def_struct(DisplayEnv) {
+typedef Struct_(DisplayEnv) {
 	Rect_S2 display_area;
 	Rect_S2 screen;
 	B1      vinterlace;
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ typedef def_struct(DisplayEnv) {
 	B1      pad0;
 	B1      pad1;
 };
-typedef def_farray(DrawEnv,    2);
-typedef def_farray(DisplayEnv, 2);
-typedef def_struct(DoubleBuffer) {
+typedef Array_(DrawEnv,    2);
+typedef Array_(DisplayEnv, 2);
+typedef Struct_(DoubleBuffer) {
 	A2_DrawEnv    draw;
 	A2_DisplayEnv display;
 };
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ U4 vsync(U4 mode)     __asm__("VSync");
 
 void draw_orderingtbl(U4* buf) __asm__("DrawOTag");
 
-typedef def_struct(PolyTag) {
+typedef Struct_(PolyTag) {
 	U4   addr: 24;
 	U4   len:  8;
 	RGB8 color;
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ typedef def_struct(PolyTag) {
 // #define setLineF4(p)	set_len(p, 6),  set_code(p, 0x4c),(p)->pad = 0x55555555
 // #define setLineG4(p)	set_len(p, 9),  set_code(p, 0x5c),(p)->pad = 0x55555555, (p)->p2 = 0, (p)->p3 = 0
 
-typedef def_struct(Poly_F3) {
+typedef Struct_(Poly_F3) {
 	U4   tag;
 	RGB8 color;
 	B1   code;
@@ -120,14 +120,14 @@ typedef def_struct(Poly_F3) {
 	};
 };
 
-typedef def_struct(Poly_G3) {
+typedef Struct_(Poly_G3) {
 	U4    tag; RGB8 c0; B1 code;
 	V2_S2 p0;  RGB8 c1; B1 pad1;
 	V2_S2 p1;  RGB8 c2; B1 pad2;
 	V2_S2 p2;
 };
 
-typedef def_struct(Poly_F4) {
+typedef Struct_(Poly_F4) {
 	U4   tag;
 	RGB8 color;
 	B1   code;
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ typedef def_struct(Poly_F4) {
 	};
 };
 
-typedef def_struct(Poly_G4) {
+typedef Struct_(Poly_G4) {
 	U4    tag; RGB8 c0; B1 code;
 	V2_S2 p0;  RGB8 c1; B1 pad1;
 	V2_S2 p1;  RGB8 c2; B1 pad2;
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ typedef def_struct(Poly_G4) {
 	V2_S2 p3;
 };
 
-typedef def_struct(Tile) {
+typedef Struct_(Tile) {
 	U4      tag;
 	RGB8    color;
 	B1      code;
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ M3_S2* m3s2_scale      (M3_S2* mat, V3_S4* vec) __asm__("ScaleMatrix");
 // Rotation, Translation, Perspective
 
 S4 rtp_v3s2_raw(V3_S2* vec, S4* xy, S4* pp, S4* flag) __asm__("RotTransPers");
-FI_ S4 rtp_v3s2(V3_S2* vec, V2_S2* xy, A2_S2* pp, S4* flag) { return rtp_v3s2_raw(vec, cast(S4*R_, & xy->x), cast(S4*R_, pp), r_(flag)); }
+FI_ S4 rtp_v3s2(V3_S2* vec, V2_S2* xy, A2_S2* pp, S4* flag) { return rtp_v3s2_raw(vec, C_(S4*R_, & xy->x), C_(S4*R_, pp), r_(flag)); }
 
 S4 rtp_avg_nclip_a3_v3s2_raw(V3_S2* v0, V3_S2* v1, V3_S2* v2, S4* xy1, S4* xy2, S4* xy3, S4* pp, S4* otz, S4* flag) __asm__("RotAverageNclip3");
 FI_  S4 rtp_avg_nclip_a3_v3s2(
@@ -179,8 +179,8 @@ FI_  S4 rtp_avg_nclip_a3_v3s2(
 ){
 	return rtp_avg_nclip_a3_v3s2_raw(
 		v0, v1, v2, 
-		cast(S4*R_, xy0), cast(S4*R_, xy1), cast(S4*R_, xy2),
-		cast(S4*R_, pp),  cast(S4*R_, otz), cast(S4*R_, flag)
+		C_(S4*R_, xy0), C_(S4*R_, xy1), C_(S4*R_, xy2),
+		C_(S4*R_, pp),  C_(S4*R_, otz), C_(S4*R_, flag)
 	);
 }
 
@@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ FI_ S4 rtp_avg_nclip_a4_v3s2(
 ){
 	return rtp_avg_nclip_a4_v3s2_raw(
 		v0, v1, v2, v3,
-		cast(S4*R_, xy0), cast(S4*R_, xy1), cast(S4*R_, xy2), cast(S4*R_, xy3),
-		cast(S4*R_, pp),  cast(S4*R_, otz), cast(S4*R_, flag)
+		C_(S4*R_, xy0), C_(S4*R_, xy1), C_(S4*R_, xy2), C_(S4*R_, xy3),
+		C_(S4*R_, pp),  C_(S4*R_, otz), C_(S4*R_, flag)
 	);
 }
 

scripts/build_psyq.ps1

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ $f_define           = "-D"
 $f_include          = "-I"
 $f_output           = "-o"
 $f_std_c11          = "-std=c11"
+$f_std_c23          = "-std=c23"
 
 # Warning Flags
 $f_wall             = "-Wall"
@@ -139,6 +140,7 @@ function compile-unit { param(
 		$f_arch_no_shared, 
 		$f_arch_no_stack_prot
 	)
+	# $compile_args    += $f_std_c23
 	$compile_args    += ($f_include + $path_psyq_imyu_inc)
 	$compile_args    += ($f_include + $path_nugget)
 
@@ -350,3 +352,48 @@ function build-gte_hello {
 	make-binary $elf $exe
 }
 build-gte_hello
+
+function Send-ToEmulator { param(
+    [string]$exePath
+)
+    $uri = "http://localhost:8080/api/v1/load-exec"
+    
+    # Absolute path is safest for the emulator web server
+    $absolutePath = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($exePath)
+    
+    # Create JSON payload pointing to your compiled .ps-exe
+    $body = @{
+        filename = $absolutePath
+    } | ConvertTo-Json
+
+    Write-Host "Pushing hot-reload to PCSX-Redux..." -ForegroundColor Magenta
+    try {
+        $response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Method Post -Body $body -ContentType "application/json"
+        Write-Host "Hot-reload successful!" -ForegroundColor Green
+    } catch {
+        Write-Warning "Could not connect to PCSX-Redux web server. Ensure the emulator is running and Web Server is enabled."
+    }
+}
+
+# # Automatically hot-reloads it into the running emulator
+# Send-ToEmulator (join-path $path_build 'hello_gte.ps-exe')
+
+# --- Hot Reload via PCSX-Redux Web Server ---
+$exe_path = join-path $path_build 'hello_gte.ps-exe'
+$absolute_path = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($exe_path)
+
+# PCSX-Redux expects the file location in the URL query string!
+# We URL-encode the path to ensure backslashes and spaces don't break the HTTP request.
+$encoded_path = [uri]::EscapeDataString($absolute_path)
+$uri = "http://localhost:8080/api/v1/load-exec?path=$encoded_path"
+
+# Write-Host "Pushing hot-reload to PCSX-Redux..." -ForegroundColor Magenta
+# try {
+#     # Send the request with the query string included
+#     Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Method Post 
+#     Write-Host "Hot-reload successful!" -ForegroundColor Green
+# } catch {
+#     Write-Host "Failed to hot-reload." -ForegroundColor Red
+#     # This will print the *actual* HTTP error instead of our generic warning
+#     Write-Host $_.Exception.Message -ForegroundColor Yellow
+# }

scripts/output.json

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
   "configureme": true,
   "grey": false,
   "mask": 0.5,
-  "masktype": 2,
+  "masktype": 1,
   "warp": 0
 }