last thing on runtime encode of the night

code/8086/decoder.c

@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	include "encoder.h"
+#	include "info.h"
+#	include "decoder.h"
+#	include "gen/decoder_table.h"
+#endif
+
+RO_ global U1 x8616_decode_disp_bytes[32] = {
+	0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,
+	1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
+	2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
+	0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+};
+
+RO_ global U1 x8616_decode_payload_bytes[] = {
+	0, // none
+	0, // imm: dynamic
+	1, // imm8
+	2, // imm16
+	2, // mem-direct
+	1, // rel8
+	2, // rel16
+	4, // far-ptr
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_DecodePlex) {
+	U1* source;
+	U4  source_size;
+	U4  source_offset;
+
+	U1 body[X8616_DECODE_BODY_CAP + X8616_DECODE_BODY_PAD];
+	U1 body_available;
+
+	U2 dispatch;
+	U1 plan_idx;
+	X8616_DecodePlan* plan;
+
+	U1 header;
+	U1 post_opcode;
+	U1 mod_rm;
+
+	X8616_Direction     d;
+	X8616_Width         w;
+	X8616_Sign          s;
+	X8616_VariableShift v;
+	X8616_Repeat        z;
+	X8616_ALU           alu;
+	X8616_Condition     cc;
+	X8616_DecodedReg    reg_opcode;
+	X8616_Segment       sr_opcode;
+
+	X8616_Mod        mod;
+	X8616_DecodedReg reg;
+	X8616_EA         rm;
+	X8616_Segment    sr_modrm;
+
+	X8616_WidthMode width;
+
+	U1 body_at;
+	U1 displacement_at;
+	U1 displacement_bytes;
+	U1 payload_at;
+	U1 payload_bytes;
+	U1 body_required;
+
+	S2 displacement;
+	U2 direct_address;
+	U2 payload_u16;
+	U2 far_segment;
+
+	B1 direct_memory;
+	B1 classification_truncated;
+	B1 encoding_invalid;
+
+	X8616_DecodedPrefixes    prefixes;
+	X8616_DecodedOperand     operand_source[X8616_OPERAND_SOURCE_COUNT];
+	X8616_DecodedInstruction instruction;
+
+	FArena*         info_arena;
+	X8616_InfoList* msgs;
+};
+
+FI_ U2 x8616_decode_u2(U1_R bytes) { return C_(U2, bytes[0] | u2_(bytes[1] << 8)); }
+
+internal X8616_Opcode
+x8616_decode_opcode(X8616_DecodePlan const* plan, U1 header)
+{
+	U1 field_mask = 0;
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_d)    field_mask |= x8616_field_mask(plan->d_shift,    X8616_OPCODE_BIT_WIDTH);
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_w)    field_mask |= x8616_field_mask(plan->w_shift,    X8616_OPCODE_BIT_WIDTH);
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_s)    field_mask |= x8616_field_mask(plan->s_shift,    X8616_OPCODE_BIT_WIDTH);
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_v)    field_mask |= x8616_field_mask(plan->v_shift,    X8616_OPCODE_BIT_WIDTH);
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_z)    field_mask |= x8616_field_mask(plan->z_shift,    X8616_OPCODE_BIT_WIDTH);
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_reg)  field_mask |= x8616_field_mask(plan->reg_shift,  X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_WIDTH);
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_sr)   field_mask |= x8616_field_mask(plan->sr_shift,   X8616_OPCODE_SR_WIDTH);
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_alu)  field_mask |= x8616_field_mask(plan->alu_shift,  X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_WIDTH);
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_cc)   field_mask |= x8616_field_mask(plan->cc_shift,   X8616_OPCODE_CC_WIDTH);
+	if (field_mask == 0) return C_(X8616_Opcode, header);
+	U1 opcode_mask = u1_(~field_mask);
+	if (opcode_mask == 0) return C_(X8616_Opcode, header);
+	return C_(X8616_Opcode, (header & opcode_mask) >> count_trailing_zeros_u4(opcode_mask));
+}
+
+internal void
+x8616_decode_apply_prefix(X8616_DecodePlex_R plex, X8616_DecodePlan_R plan, U1 header) {
+	plex->prefixes.count += 1;
+	plex->prefixes.lock  |= plan->prefix_kind == x8616_prefix_lock;
+	if (plan->prefix_kind == x8616_prefix_repeat) {
+		plex->prefixes.has_repeat = 1;
+		plex->prefixes.repeat     = C_(X8616_Repeat, x8616_bit_field_extract(header, (X8616_BitField){ plan->z_shift, X8616_OPCODE_BIT_WIDTH }));
+	}
+	if (plan->prefix_kind == x8616_prefix_segment) {
+		plex->prefixes.has_segment = 1;
+		plex->prefixes.segment     = C_(X8616_Segment, x8616_bit_field_extract(header, (X8616_BitField){ plan->sr_shift, X8616_OPCODE_SR_WIDTH }));
+	}
+}
+
+internal U4
+x8616_decode_one_plex(X8616_DecodePlex* plex)
+{
+	U4 prefix_at = 0;
+
+	// Prefix pass. LOCK / REP / segment are prior bytes. Encodings that need a
+	// second byte (aux dispatch) are never prefixes.
+	while (prefix_at < plex->source_size)
+	{
+		U1 prefix_header   = plex->source[prefix_at];
+		U2 prefix_dispatch = x8616_decode_dispatch[prefix_header];
+		if (prefix_dispatch == false || (prefix_dispatch & X8616_DECODE_AUX_BIT)) break;
+
+		X8616_DecodePlan_R prefix_plan = x8616_decode_plans + prefix_dispatch;
+		if ((prefix_plan->flags & x8616_plan_is_prefix) == false) break;
+
+		x8616_decode_apply_prefix(plex, prefix_plan, prefix_header);
+		++ prefix_at;
+	}
+
+	U4 body_source_size  = plex->source_size - prefix_at;
+	plex->body_available = u1_(body_source_size < X8616_DECODE_BODY_CAP ? body_source_size : X8616_DECODE_BODY_CAP);
+
+	for (U1 idx = 0; idx < plex->body_available; ++ idx) plex->body[idx] = plex->source[prefix_at + idx];
+
+	plex->header   = plex->body[0];
+	plex->dispatch = x8616_decode_dispatch[plex->header];
+
+	if (body_source_size == 0) {
+		plex->classification_truncated = 1;
+		x8616_info_push(plex->info_arena, plex->msgs, x8616_info_error
+			, x8616_info_truncated_instruction
+			, plex->source_offset + prefix_at
+			, 0
+			, 1
+			, 0
+		);
+	}
+	else if (plex->dispatch & X8616_DECODE_AUX_BIT)
+	{
+		if (body_source_size < 2) {
+			plex->classification_truncated = 1;
+			x8616_info_push(plex->info_arena, plex->msgs, x8616_info_error
+				, x8616_info_truncated_instruction
+				, plex->source_offset + prefix_at
+				, u2_(body_source_size)
+				, 2
+				, body_source_size
+			);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			U2 aux_base = plex->dispatch & X8616_DECODE_AUX_MASK;
+			plex->plan_idx = x8616_decode_aux[aux_base + plex->body[1]];
+			if (plex->plan_idx == false) {
+				plex->encoding_invalid = 1;
+				x8616_info_push(plex->info_arena, plex->msgs, x8616_info_error
+					, x8616_info_invalid_opcode_extension
+					, plex->source_offset + prefix_at
+					, 2
+					, 0
+					, plex->body[1]
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		plex->plan_idx = u1_(plex->dispatch);
+		if (plex->plan_idx == 0) {
+			plex->encoding_invalid = 1;
+			x8616_info_push(plex->info_arena, plex->msgs, x8616_info_error
+				, x8616_info_invalid_opcode
+				, plex->source_offset + prefix_at
+				, 1
+				, 0
+				, plex->header
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	plex->plan = x8616_decode_plans + plex->plan_idx;
+
+	// A direct-dispatch plan may still have a constrained second byte.
+	// Headers with multiple catalog rows were already resolved through aux.
+	if (plex->plan_idx && (plex->plan->flags & (x8616_plan_has_modrm | x8616_plan_has_post_opcode)))
+	{
+		if (body_source_size < 2)
+		{
+			if (plex->classification_truncated == 0) {
+				plex->classification_truncated = 1;
+				x8616_info_push(plex->info_arena, plex->msgs, x8616_info_error
+					, x8616_info_truncated_instruction
+					, plex->source_offset + prefix_at
+					, u2_(body_source_size)
+					, 2
+					, body_source_size
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			U1 second = plex->body[1];
+			if (plex->plan->mod_rm.mask && (second & plex->plan->mod_rm.mask) != plex->plan->mod_rm.bits) {
+				plex->encoding_invalid = 1;
+				x8616_info_push(plex->info_arena, plex->msgs, x8616_info_error
+					, x8616_info_invalid_opcode_extension
+					, plex->source_offset + prefix_at + 1
+					, 1
+					, plex->plan->mod_rm.bits
+					, second & plex->plan->mod_rm.mask
+				);
+			}
+
+			if (plex->plan->post_opcode.mask && (second & plex->plan->post_opcode.mask) != plex->plan->post_opcode.bits) {
+				plex->encoding_invalid = 1;
+				x8616_info_push(plex->info_arena, plex->msgs, x8616_info_error
+					, x8616_info_invalid_post_opcode
+					, plex->source_offset + prefix_at + 1
+					, 1
+					, plex->plan->post_opcode.bits
+					, second & plex->plan->post_opcode.mask
+				);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Nil plan: still return a normal zero-valued instruction record and make
+	// progress through the stream. Aux classification inspected two bytes.
+	if (plex->plan_idx == 0) {
+		U1 invalid_body_size = (plex->dispatch & X8616_DECODE_AUX_BIT) && body_source_size >= 2 ? 2 : u1_(body_source_size != 0);
+		plex->instruction.prefixes      = plex->prefixes;
+		plex->instruction.op            = x8616_op_invalid;
+		plex->instruction.decode_flags  = (plex->encoding_invalid ? x8616_decode_invalid : 0) | (plex->classification_truncated ? x8616_decode_truncated : 0);
+		plex->instruction.size          = u1_(prefix_at + invalid_body_size);
+		plex->instruction.size_required = plex->instruction.size;
+		return plex->instruction.size;
+	}
+
+	X8616_DecodePlan_R plan = plex->plan;
+	plex->d              = C_(X8616_Direction,     x8616_bit_field_extract(plex->header, (X8616_BitField){ plan->d_shift,   X8616_OPCODE_BIT_WIDTH }));
+	plex->w              = C_(X8616_Width,         x8616_bit_field_extract(plex->header, (X8616_BitField){ plan->w_shift,   X8616_OPCODE_BIT_WIDTH }));
+	plex->s              = C_(X8616_Sign,          x8616_bit_field_extract(plex->header, (X8616_BitField){ plan->s_shift,   X8616_OPCODE_BIT_WIDTH }));
+	plex->v              = C_(X8616_VariableShift, x8616_bit_field_extract(plex->header, (X8616_BitField){ plan->v_shift,   X8616_OPCODE_BIT_WIDTH }));
+	plex->z              = C_(X8616_Repeat,        x8616_bit_field_extract(plex->header, (X8616_BitField){ plan->z_shift,   X8616_OPCODE_BIT_WIDTH }));
+	plex->reg_opcode.r16 = C_(X8616_Reg16,         x8616_bit_field_extract(plex->header, (X8616_BitField){ plan->reg_shift, X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_WIDTH }));
+	plex->sr_opcode      = C_(X8616_Segment,       x8616_bit_field_extract(plex->header, (X8616_BitField){ plan->sr_shift,  X8616_OPCODE_SR_WIDTH }));
+
+	plex->width = plan->width;
+	if (plex->width == x8616_width_dynamic && (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_w))
+		plex->width = plex->w ? x8616_width_word : x8616_width_byte;
+
+	plex->body_at = 1;
+
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_post_opcode) {
+		plex->post_opcode = plex->body[plex->body_at];
+		plex->body_at    += 1;
+	}
+
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_modrm) {
+		plex->mod_rm   = plex->body[plex->body_at];
+		plex->mod      = C_(X8616_Mod,     x8616_modrm_mod(plex->mod_rm));
+		plex->reg.r16  = C_(X8616_Reg16,   x8616_modrm_reg(plex->mod_rm));
+		plex->rm       = C_(X8616_EA,      x8616_modrm_rm(plex->mod_rm));
+		plex->sr_modrm = C_(X8616_Segment, x8616_modrm_sr(plex->mod_rm));
+		plex->body_at += 1;
+	}
+
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_alu) {
+		plex->alu = C_(X8616_ALU, x8616_bit_field_extract(plex->header, (X8616_BitField){ plan->alu_shift, X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_WIDTH }));
+	}
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_cc) {
+		plex->cc = C_(X8616_Condition, x8616_bit_field_extract(plex->header, (X8616_BitField){ plan->cc_shift, X8616_OPCODE_CC_WIDTH }));
+	}
+
+	plex->displacement_at = plex->body_at;
+
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_uses_rm) plex->displacement_bytes = x8616_decode_disp_bytes[(u1_(plex->mod) << 3) | u1_(plex->rm)];
+
+	plex->direct_memory = (plan->flags & x8616_plan_uses_rm) && plex->mod == x8616_mod_mem && plex->rm  == x8616_ea_direct;
+
+	if      (plex->displacement_bytes == 1) plex->displacement = s2_(s1_(plex->body[plex->displacement_at]));
+	else if (plex->displacement_bytes == 2) plex->displacement = s2_(x8616_decode_u2(plex->body + plex->displacement_at));
+
+	if (plex->direct_memory) plex->direct_address = x8616_decode_u2(plex->body + plex->displacement_at);
+
+	plex->payload_at    = plex->displacement_at + plex->displacement_bytes;
+	plex->payload_bytes = x8616_decode_payload_bytes[plan->payload];
+
+	if (plan->payload == x8616_payload_imm) {
+		plex->payload_bytes = (plex->width == x8616_width_word && ((plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_s) && plex->s) == false) ? 2 : 1;
+	}
+
+	plex->body_required = plex->payload_at + plex->payload_bytes;
+	plex->payload_u16   = x8616_decode_u2(plex->body + plex->payload_at);
+	plex->far_segment   = x8616_decode_u2(plex->body + plex->payload_at + 2);
+
+	if (body_source_size < plex->body_required && plex->classification_truncated == 0) {
+		plex->classification_truncated = 1;
+		x8616_info_push(plex->info_arena, plex->msgs, x8616_info_error
+			, x8616_info_truncated_instruction
+			, plex->source_offset + prefix_at
+			, u2_(body_source_size)
+			, plex->body_required, body_source_size);
+	}
+
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Operand-source plex
+	//
+	// Every possible operand source is populated once from the shared decoded
+	// fields. The plan projects two slots out of this array; there is no
+	// operand-kind switch on the hot path.
+
+	X8616_DecodedOperand* source = plex->operand_source;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_reg_modrm].flags = x8616_decoded_operand_register;
+	source[x8616_operand_reg_modrm].width = plex->width;
+	source[x8616_operand_reg_modrm].reg   = plex->reg;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_reg_opcode].flags = x8616_decoded_operand_register;
+	source[x8616_operand_reg_opcode].width = plex->width;
+	source[x8616_operand_reg_opcode].reg   = plex->reg_opcode;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_segment_modrm].flags   = x8616_decoded_operand_segment;
+	source[x8616_operand_segment_modrm].width   = x8616_width_word;
+	source[x8616_operand_segment_modrm].segment = plex->sr_modrm;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_segment_opcode].flags   = x8616_decoded_operand_segment;
+	source[x8616_operand_segment_opcode].width   = x8616_width_word;
+	source[x8616_operand_segment_opcode].segment = plex->sr_opcode;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_acc].flags   = x8616_decoded_operand_register | x8616_decoded_operand_implicit;
+	source[x8616_operand_acc].width   = plex->width;
+	source[x8616_operand_acc].reg.r16 = x8616_ax;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_dx].flags   = x8616_decoded_operand_register | x8616_decoded_operand_implicit;
+	source[x8616_operand_dx].width   = x8616_width_word;
+	source[x8616_operand_dx].reg.r16 = x8616_dx;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_rm].width = plex->width;
+	if (plex->mod == x8616_mod_reg) {
+		source[x8616_operand_rm].flags   = x8616_decoded_operand_register;
+		source[x8616_operand_rm].reg.r16 = C_(X8616_Reg16, plex->rm);
+	}
+	else {
+		source[x8616_operand_rm].flags              = x8616_decoded_operand_memory;
+		source[x8616_operand_rm].mod                = plex->mod;
+		source[x8616_operand_rm].ea                 = plex->rm;
+		source[x8616_operand_rm].displacement       = plex->displacement;
+		source[x8616_operand_rm].displacement_bytes = plex->displacement_bytes;
+		if (plex->direct_memory) {
+			source[x8616_operand_rm].flags  |= x8616_decoded_operand_direct;
+			source[x8616_operand_rm].address = plex->direct_address;
+		}
+	}
+
+	source[x8616_operand_imm].flags = x8616_decoded_operand_immediate 
+		| (((plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_s) && plex->s) ? x8616_decoded_operand_sign_extended : 0);
+	source[x8616_operand_imm].width           = plex->width;
+	source[x8616_operand_imm].immediate       = plex->payload_u16;
+	source[x8616_operand_imm].immediate_bytes = plex->payload_bytes;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_imm8].flags           = x8616_decoded_operand_immediate;
+	source[x8616_operand_imm8].width           = x8616_width_byte;
+	source[x8616_operand_imm8].immediate       = u1_(plex->payload_u16);
+	source[x8616_operand_imm8].immediate_bytes = 1;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_imm16].flags           = x8616_decoded_operand_immediate;
+	source[x8616_operand_imm16].width           = x8616_width_word;
+	source[x8616_operand_imm16].immediate       = plex->payload_u16;
+	source[x8616_operand_imm16].immediate_bytes = 2;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_mem_direct].flags   = x8616_decoded_operand_memory | x8616_decoded_operand_direct;
+	source[x8616_operand_mem_direct].width   = plex->width;
+	source[x8616_operand_mem_direct].address = plex->payload_u16;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_rel8].flags              = x8616_decoded_operand_relative;
+	source[x8616_operand_rel8].width              = x8616_width_byte;
+	source[x8616_operand_rel8].displacement       = C_(S2, s1_(plex->payload_u16));
+	source[x8616_operand_rel8].displacement_bytes = 1;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_rel16].flags              = x8616_decoded_operand_relative;
+	source[x8616_operand_rel16].width              = x8616_width_word;
+	source[x8616_operand_rel16].displacement       = s2_(plex->payload_u16);
+	source[x8616_operand_rel16].displacement_bytes = 2;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_far_ptr].flags       = x8616_decoded_operand_far_ptr;
+	source[x8616_operand_far_ptr].far_offset  = plex->payload_u16;
+	source[x8616_operand_far_ptr].far_segment = plex->far_segment;
+
+	source[x8616_operand_shift_count].flags = x8616_decoded_operand_implicit;
+	source[x8616_operand_shift_count].width = x8616_width_byte;
+	if (plex->v == x8616_v_cl) {
+		source[x8616_operand_shift_count].flags |= x8616_decoded_operand_register;
+		source[x8616_operand_shift_count].reg.r8 = x8616_cl;
+	}
+	else {
+		source[x8616_operand_shift_count].flags          |= x8616_decoded_operand_immediate;
+		source[x8616_operand_shift_count].immediate       = 1;
+		source[x8616_operand_shift_count].immediate_bytes = 0;
+	}
+
+	// Final projection. Authored operand order is d=0; d=1 exchanges the two source slots without introducing a separate decoder path.
+	U1 swap = C_(U1, ((plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_d) != 0) & u1_(plex->d));
+	plex->instruction.operands[swap]     = source[plan->operands[0]];
+	plex->instruction.operands[swap ^ 1] = source[plan->operands[1]];
+
+	plex->instruction.op            = plan->op;
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_alu) {
+		plex->instruction.alu = plex->alu;
+		plex->instruction.op  = x8616_op_from_alu[plex->alu];
+	}
+	if (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_cc) {
+		plex->instruction.cc = plex->cc;
+		plex->instruction.op = x8616_op_from_cc[plex->cc];
+	}
+	if (plan->digit_kind != x8616_digit_none) {
+		U1 digit = u1_(plex->reg.r16);
+		if (plan->digit_kind == x8616_digit_alu) {
+			plex->alu             = C_(X8616_ALU, digit);
+			plex->instruction.alu = plex->alu;
+			plex->instruction.op  = x8616_op_from_alu[digit];
+		}
+		else if (plan->digit_kind == x8616_digit_shift) plex->instruction.op = x8616_op_from_shift[digit];
+	}
+	plex->instruction.flags         = plan->encoding_flags;
+	plex->instruction.decode_flags  = (plex->encoding_invalid ? x8616_decode_invalid : 0) | (plex->classification_truncated ? x8616_decode_truncated : 0);
+	plex->instruction.width         = plex->width;
+	plex->instruction.prefixes      = plex->prefixes;
+	plex->instruction.operand_count = plan->operand_count;
+	plex->instruction.opcode        = x8616_decode_opcode(plan, plex->header);
+	plex->instruction.d             = (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_d) ? plex->d : x8616_d_rm_dst;
+	plex->instruction.w             = (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_w) ? plex->w : x8616_w_byte;
+	plex->instruction.has_mod_rm    = (plan->flags & x8616_plan_has_modrm) != 0;
+	plex->instruction.header        = plex->header;
+	plex->instruction.mod_rm        = plex->mod_rm;
+	plex->instruction.post_opcode   = plex->post_opcode;
+
+	U4 total_required  = prefix_at + plex->body_required;
+	U4 total_available = plex->source_size;
+	U4 total_consumed  = total_required < total_available ? total_required : total_available;
+
+	plex->instruction.size          = u1_(total_consumed);
+	plex->instruction.size_required = u1_(total_required);
+	return total_consumed;
+}
+
+#define x8616_decode_(...) x8616_decode((X8616_DecodeRequest){__VA_ARGS__})
+X8616_DecodeInfo x8616_decode(X8616_DecodeRequest request)
+{
+	X8616_DecodeInfo result = {0};
+	result.instruction_cap = request.instruction_cap;
+
+	while (result.source_consumed < request.source_len && result.instruction_count < request.instruction_cap) {
+		X8616_DecodePlex plex = {0};
+		plex.source        = request.source + result.source_consumed;
+		plex.source_size   = request.source_len - result.source_consumed;
+		plex.source_offset = result.source_consumed;
+		plex.info_arena    = request.info_arena;
+		plex.msgs          = & result.msgs;
+		U4 consumed = x8616_decode_one_plex(& plex);
+		request.out_instructions[result.instruction_count] = plex.instruction; 
+		result.instruction_count += 1;
+		if (consumed == false) consumed = 1;
+		result.source_consumed += consumed;
+	}
+
+	if (result.source_consumed < request.source_len && result.instruction_count == request.instruction_cap) {
+		x8616_info_push(request.info_arena, & result.msgs, x8616_info_warning
+			, x8616_info_output_full
+			, result.source_consumed
+			, 0
+			, request.instruction_cap
+			, result.instruction_count
+		);
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+X8616_DecodeOneInfo x8616_decode_one(U1_R source, U4 source_size, FArena_R info_arena) {
+	X8616_DecodeOneInfo result = {0};
+	X8616_DecodePlex    plex   = {0};
+	plex.source        = source;
+	plex.source_size   = source_size;
+	plex.source_offset = 0;
+	plex.info_arena    = info_arena;
+	plex.msgs          = & result.msgs;
+	result.source_consumed = x8616_decode_one_plex(& plex);
+	result.instruction     = plex.instruction;
+	return result;
+}

code/8086/decoder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	pragma once
+#	include "dsl.h"
+#	include "encoder.h"
+#	include "info.h"
+#endif
+
+enum {
+	X8616_OPERAND_SOURCE_COUNT = 0x10,
+	X8616_DECODE_BODY_CAP      = 0x06,
+	X8616_DECODE_BODY_PAD      = 0x02,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U2, X8616_DecodedOperandFlags) {
+	Bit_(x8616_decoded_operand_none,          0),
+	Bit_(x8616_decoded_operand_register,      1),
+	Bit_(x8616_decoded_operand_segment,       2),
+	Bit_(x8616_decoded_operand_memory,        3),
+	Bit_(x8616_decoded_operand_immediate,     4),
+	Bit_(x8616_decoded_operand_relative,      5),
+	Bit_(x8616_decoded_operand_far_ptr,       6),
+	Bit_(x8616_decoded_operand_direct,        7),
+	Bit_(x8616_decoded_operand_sign_extended, 8),
+	Bit_(x8616_decoded_operand_implicit,      9),
+};
+
+typedef Union_(X8616_DecodedReg) {
+	X8616_Reg8  r8;
+	X8616_Reg16 r16;
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_DecodedOperand) {
+	X8616_DecodedOperandFlags flags;
+	X8616_WidthMode           width;
+	X8616_DecodedReg          reg;
+	X8616_Segment             segment;
+	X8616_Mod                 mod;
+	X8616_EA                  ea;
+	S2 displacement;
+	U2 address;
+	U2 immediate;
+	U2 far_offset;
+	U2 far_segment;
+	U1 displacement_bytes;
+	U1 immediate_bytes;
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_DecodedPrefixes) {
+	U1 count;
+	B1 lock;
+	B1            has_repeat;
+	X8616_Repeat  repeat;
+	B1            has_segment;
+	X8616_Segment segment;
+};
+
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_DecodeFlags) {
+	x8616_decode_none      = 0b00000000,
+	x8616_decode_invalid   = 0b00000001,
+	x8616_decode_truncated = 0b00000010,
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_DecodedInstruction) {
+	X8616_Op              op;
+	X8616_EncodingFlags   flags;
+	X8616_DecodeFlags     decode_flags;
+	X8616_WidthMode       width;
+	X8616_DecodedPrefixes prefixes;
+	X8616_DecodedOperand  operands[2]; U1 operand_count;
+	X8616_Opcode          opcode;
+	X8616_Direction       d;
+	X8616_Width           w;
+	X8616_ALU             alu;
+	X8616_Condition       cc;
+	B1 has_mod_rm;
+	U1 header;
+	U1 mod_rm;
+	U1 post_opcode;
+	U1 size;
+	U1 size_required;
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U2, X8616_DecodePlanFlags) {
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_none,            0),
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_has_modrm,       1),
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_has_post_opcode, 2),
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_has_d,           3),
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_has_w,           4),
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_has_s,           5),
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_has_v,           6),
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_has_z,           7),
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_has_reg,         8),
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_has_sr,          9),
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_uses_rm,        10),
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_is_prefix,      11),
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_has_alu,        12),
+	Bit_(x8616_plan_has_cc,         13),
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_DecodePayload) {
+	x8616_payload_none       = 0x0,
+	x8616_payload_imm        = 0x1,
+	x8616_payload_imm8       = 0x2,
+	x8616_payload_imm16      = 0x3,
+	x8616_payload_mem_direct = 0x4,
+	x8616_payload_rel8       = 0x5,
+	x8616_payload_rel16      = 0x6,
+	x8616_payload_far_ptr    = 0x7,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_DecodePrefixKind) {
+	x8616_prefix_none    = 0x0,
+	x8616_prefix_lock    = 0x1,
+	x8616_prefix_repeat  = 0x2,
+	x8616_prefix_segment = 0x3,
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_DecodePlan) {
+	X8616_DecodePlanFlags flags;
+
+	X8616_Op            op;
+	X8616_EncodingFlags encoding_flags;
+	X8616_WidthMode     width;
+
+	X8616_Operand operands[2];
+	U1            operand_count;
+
+	X8616_DecodePayload    payload;
+	X8616_DecodePrefixKind prefix_kind;
+
+	U1 d_shift;
+	U1 w_shift;
+	U1 s_shift;
+	U1 v_shift;
+	U1 z_shift;
+	U1 reg_shift;
+	U1 sr_shift;
+
+	X8616_BytePattern mod_rm;
+	X8616_BytePattern post_opcode;
+
+	U1 alu_shift;
+	U1 cc_shift;
+	X8616_DigitKind digit_kind;
+};
+
+enum {
+	X8616_DECODE_PLAN_INVALID = 0x00,
+	X8616_DECODE_AUX_BIT      = 0x8000,
+	X8616_DECODE_AUX_MASK     = 0x7FFF,
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_DecodeRequest) {
+	U1*                       source;           
+	X8616_DecodedInstruction* out_instructions; 
+	U4 source_len;
+	U4 instruction_cap;
+	FArena* info_arena;
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_DecodeInfo) {
+	X8616_InfoList msgs;
+	U4 source_consumed;
+	U4 instruction_count;
+	U4 instruction_cap;
+};
+
+X8616_DecodeInfo x8616_decode(X8616_DecodeRequest request);
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_DecodeOneInfo) {
+	X8616_DecodedInstruction instruction;
+	X8616_InfoList           msgs;
+	U4                       source_consumed;
+};
+
+X8616_DecodeOneInfo x8616_decode_one(U1_R source, U4 source_size, FArena_R info_arena);

code/8086/decoder_table_generator.meta.c

@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+#include "duffle/dsl.h"
+#include "duffle/asm.h"
+#include "duffle/analysis.h"
+#include "duffle/math.h"
+#include "duffle/encoding.h"
+#include "duffle/memory.h"
+#include "duffle/hashing.h"
+#include "duffle/tables.h"
+#include "duffle/text.h"
+#include "duffle/files.h"
+#include "duffle/win32.h"
+
+#include "info.h"
+#include "encoder.h"
+#include "encoder_table.h"
+#include "decoder.h"
+
+enum {
+	X8616_DECODE_GEN_MAX_AUX = X8616_DECODE_AUX_MASK + 1,
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_DecodeGen) {
+	X8616_DecodePlan plans[X8616_ENCODING_COUNT + 1];
+
+	U2 dispatch[256];
+	U1 aux[X8616_DECODE_GEN_MAX_AUX];
+
+	U4 aux_count;
+	U4 ambiguous_header_count;
+	U4 verified_count;
+
+	X8616_InfoList msgs;
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_DecodeGenInfo) {
+	U4 plan_count;
+	U4 aux_count;
+	U4 ambiguous_header_count;
+	U4 verified_count;
+
+	X8616_InfoList msgs;
+};
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_decode_gen_operand_uses_modrm(X8616_Operand operand) { 
+	return operand == x8616_operand_rm || operand == x8616_operand_reg_modrm || operand == x8616_operand_segment_modrm; 
+}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_decode_gen_operand_uses_rm(X8616_Operand operand) { return operand == x8616_operand_rm; }
+
+internal X8616_DecodePayload
+x8616_decode_gen_payload_from_operand(X8616_Operand operand) { switch (operand) {
+	case x8616_operand_imm:        return x8616_payload_imm;
+	case x8616_operand_imm8:       return x8616_payload_imm8;
+	case x8616_operand_imm16:      return x8616_payload_imm16;
+	case x8616_operand_mem_direct: return x8616_payload_mem_direct;
+	case x8616_operand_rel8:       return x8616_payload_rel8;
+	case x8616_operand_rel16:      return x8616_payload_rel16;
+	case x8616_operand_far_ptr:    return x8616_payload_far_ptr;
+	default:                       return x8616_payload_none;
+}}
+
+internal X8616_DecodePrefixKind
+x8616_decode_gen_prefix_kind(X8616_Encoding const* encoding) {
+	if ((encoding->flags & x8616_encoding_prefix) == 0) return x8616_prefix_none;
+	switch (encoding->op) {
+		case x8616_op_lock:    return x8616_prefix_lock;
+		case x8616_op_rep:     return x8616_prefix_repeat;
+		case x8616_op_segment: return x8616_prefix_segment;
+		default:               return x8616_prefix_none;
+	}
+}
+
+internal X8616_DecodePlan
+x8616_decode_gen_plan(X8616_Encoding_R encoding, U4 encoding_idx, X8616_InfoList_R msgs, FArena_R info_scratch)
+{
+	X8616_DecodePlan plan = {0};
+	plan.op             = encoding->op;
+	plan.encoding_flags = encoding->flags;
+	plan.width          = encoding->width;
+	plan.operands[0]    = encoding->operands[0];
+	plan.operands[1]    = encoding->operands[1];
+	plan.operand_count  = (encoding->operands[0] != x8616_operand_none) + (encoding->operands[1] != x8616_operand_none);
+	plan.prefix_kind    = x8616_decode_gen_prefix_kind(encoding);
+	plan.mod_rm         = encoding->mod_rm;
+	plan.post_opcode    = encoding->post_opcode;
+
+	if (encoding->mod_rm.mask || x8616_decode_gen_operand_uses_modrm(encoding->operands[0]) || x8616_decode_gen_operand_uses_modrm(encoding->operands[1]))
+		plan.flags |= x8616_plan_has_modrm;
+
+	if (encoding->post_opcode.mask)
+		plan.flags |= x8616_plan_has_post_opcode;
+
+	if (encoding->fields.d.width)   { plan.flags |= x8616_plan_has_d;   plan.d_shift   = encoding->fields.d.shift; }
+	if (encoding->fields.w.width)   { plan.flags |= x8616_plan_has_w;   plan.w_shift   = encoding->fields.w.shift; }
+	if (encoding->fields.s.width)   { plan.flags |= x8616_plan_has_s;   plan.s_shift   = encoding->fields.s.shift; }
+	if (encoding->fields.v.width)   { plan.flags |= x8616_plan_has_v;   plan.v_shift   = encoding->fields.v.shift; }
+	if (encoding->fields.z.width)   { plan.flags |= x8616_plan_has_z;   plan.z_shift   = encoding->fields.z.shift; }
+	if (encoding->fields.reg.width) { plan.flags |= x8616_plan_has_reg; plan.reg_shift = encoding->fields.reg.shift; }
+	if (encoding->fields.sr.width)  { plan.flags |= x8616_plan_has_sr;  plan.sr_shift  = encoding->fields.sr.shift; }
+	if (encoding->fields.alu.width) { plan.flags |= x8616_plan_has_alu;  plan.alu_shift  = encoding->fields.alu.shift; }
+	if (encoding->fields.cc.width)  { plan.flags |= x8616_plan_has_cc;   plan.cc_shift   = encoding->fields.cc.shift; }
+	plan.digit_kind = encoding->digit_kind;
+
+	if (x8616_decode_gen_operand_uses_rm(encoding->operands[0]) || x8616_decode_gen_operand_uses_rm(encoding->operands[1]))
+		plan.flags |= x8616_plan_uses_rm;
+
+	if (encoding->flags & x8616_encoding_prefix)
+		plan.flags |= x8616_plan_is_prefix;
+
+	X8616_DecodePayload payload_0 = x8616_decode_gen_payload_from_operand(encoding->operands[0]);
+	X8616_DecodePayload payload_1 = x8616_decode_gen_payload_from_operand(encoding->operands[1]);
+
+	if (payload_0 && payload_1 && payload_0 != payload_1)
+		x8616_info_push(info_scratch, msgs, x8616_info_error, x8616_info_gen_multiple_payloads, encoding_idx, 0, payload_0, payload_1);
+
+	plan.payload = payload_0 ? payload_0 : payload_1;
+
+	U4 payload_max = 0;
+	switch (plan.payload) {
+		case x8616_payload_imm:        payload_max = 2; break;
+		case x8616_payload_imm8:       payload_max = 1; break;
+		case x8616_payload_imm16:      payload_max = 2; break;
+		case x8616_payload_mem_direct: payload_max = 2; break;
+		case x8616_payload_rel8:       payload_max = 1; break;
+		case x8616_payload_rel16:      payload_max = 2; break;
+		case x8616_payload_far_ptr:    payload_max = 4; break;
+		default: break;
+	}
+
+	U4 body_max = 1 
+	+ ((plan.flags & x8616_plan_has_post_opcode) != 0) 
+	+ ((plan.flags & x8616_plan_has_modrm) != 0) 
+	+ ((plan.flags & x8616_plan_uses_rm) ? 2 : 0) 
+	+ payload_max;
+
+	if (body_max > X8616_DECODE_BODY_CAP) x8616_info_push(info_scratch, msgs, x8616_info_error
+		, x8616_info_gen_body_cap_exceeded
+		, encoding_idx
+		, 0
+		, X8616_DECODE_BODY_CAP
+		, body_max
+	);
+	return plan;
+}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_decode_gen_encoding_matches_header(X8616_Encoding_R encoding, U1 header) {
+	return (header & encoding->header.mask) == encoding->header.bits;
+}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_decode_gen_plan_matches_second(X8616_DecodePlan_R plan, U1 byte) {
+	if (plan->mod_rm.mask      && ((byte & plan->mod_rm.mask)      != plan->mod_rm.bits))      return false;
+	if (plan->post_opcode.mask && ((byte & plan->post_opcode.mask) != plan->post_opcode.bits)) return false;
+	return true;
+}
+
+internal void x8616_decode_gen_pass_plans(X8616_DecodeGen* gen, FArena_R info_scratch) {
+	for (U4 idx = 0; idx < X8616_ENCODING_COUNT; ++ idx)
+		gen->plans[idx + 1] = x8616_decode_gen_plan(x8616_encodings + idx, idx, & gen->msgs, info_scratch);
+}
+
+internal void
+x8616_decode_gen_pass_dispatch(X8616_DecodeGen* gen, FArena_R info_scratch)
+{
+	for (U4 header = 0; header < 256; ++ header)
+	{
+		U1 candidates[X8616_ENCODING_COUNT];
+		U4 candidate_count = 0;
+
+		for (U4 encoding_idx = 0; encoding_idx < X8616_ENCODING_COUNT; ++ encoding_idx)
+			if (x8616_decode_gen_encoding_matches_header(x8616_encodings + encoding_idx, C_(U1, header)))
+				candidates[candidate_count ++] = C_(U1, encoding_idx + 1);
+
+		if (candidate_count == 0) continue;
+		if (candidate_count == 1) { gen->dispatch[header] = candidates[0]; continue; }
+
+		if (gen->aux_count + 256 > X8616_DECODE_GEN_MAX_AUX) {
+			x8616_info_push(info_scratch, & gen->msgs, x8616_info_error
+				, x8616_info_gen_aux_cap_exceeded
+				, header
+				, 0
+				, X8616_DECODE_GEN_MAX_AUX
+				, gen->aux_count + 256
+			);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		U4 base = gen->aux_count;
+		gen->dispatch[header]        = C_(U2, X8616_DECODE_AUX_BIT | base);
+		gen->aux_count              += 256;
+		gen->ambiguous_header_count += 1;
+
+		for (U4 second = 0; second < 256; ++ second)
+		{
+			U1 selected = 0;
+			for (U4 candidate_idx = 0; candidate_idx < candidate_count; ++ candidate_idx)
+			{
+				U1 plan_idx = candidates[candidate_idx];
+				if (! x8616_decode_gen_plan_matches_second(gen->plans + plan_idx, C_(U1, second)))
+					continue;
+
+				if (selected) x8616_info_push(info_scratch, & gen->msgs, x8616_info_error
+					, x8616_info_gen_ambiguous_decode
+					, (header << 8) | second
+					, 0
+					, selected
+					, plan_idx
+				);
+				selected = plan_idx;
+			}
+
+			gen->aux[base + second] = selected;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+internal void
+x8616_decode_gen_pass_validate(X8616_DecodeGen_R gen, FArena_R info_scratch)
+{
+	for (U4 header = 0; header < 256; ++ header)
+	for (U4 second = 0; second < 256; ++ second)
+	{
+		U1 expected = 0; 
+		for (U4 encoding_idx = 0; encoding_idx < X8616_ENCODING_COUNT; ++ encoding_idx)
+		{
+			X8616_Encoding_R encoding = x8616_encodings + encoding_idx;
+			if (x8616_decode_gen_encoding_matches_header(encoding, C_(U1, header)) == false) continue;
+
+			X8616_DecodePlan_R plan = gen->plans + encoding_idx + 1;
+			if (x8616_decode_gen_plan_matches_second(plan, C_(U1, second)) == false) continue;
+
+			if (expected) x8616_info_push(info_scratch, & gen->msgs, x8616_info_error
+				, x8616_info_gen_ambiguous_decode
+				, (header << 8) | second, 0
+				, expected, encoding_idx + 1
+			);
+			expected = C_(U1, encoding_idx + 1);
+		}
+
+		U2 dispatch = gen->dispatch[header];
+		U1 actual   = 0;
+
+		if (dispatch & X8616_DECODE_AUX_BIT) {
+			U2 base = dispatch & X8616_DECODE_AUX_MASK;
+			actual  = gen->aux[base + second];
+		}
+		else if (dispatch) {
+			U1 candidate = C_(U1, dispatch);
+			if (x8616_decode_gen_plan_matches_second(gen->plans + candidate, C_(U1, second)))
+				actual = candidate;
+		}
+
+		if (actual != expected) x8616_info_push(info_scratch, & gen->msgs, x8616_info_error
+			, x8616_info_gen_dispatch_mismatch
+			, (header << 8) | second, 0
+			, expected, actual
+		);
+		++ gen->verified_count;
+	}
+}
+
+X8616_DecodeGenInfo
+x8616_decode_table_generate(X8616_DecodeGen* gen, FArena_R info_scratch) {
+	mem_zero_struct(gen[0]);
+	// gen[0] = (X8616_DecodeGen){0};
+	x8616_decode_gen_pass_plans   (gen, info_scratch);
+	x8616_decode_gen_pass_dispatch(gen, info_scratch);
+	x8616_decode_gen_pass_validate(gen, info_scratch);
+	X8616_DecodeGenInfo result = {
+		.plan_count             = X8616_ENCODING_COUNT + 1,
+		.aux_count              = gen->aux_count,
+		.ambiguous_header_count = gen->ambiguous_header_count,
+		.verified_count         = gen->verified_count,
+		.msgs                   = gen->msgs,
+	};
+	return result;
+}
+
+
+#define X8616_DECODE_TABLE_OUTPUT "./code/8086/gen/decoder_table.h"
+
+enum {
+	INFO_MEMORY_SIZE = kilo(64),
+	TEXT_MEMORY_SIZE = kilo(128),
+	FILE_MEMORY_SIZE = kilo(4),
+};
+
+typedef FStack_(FStack_64k, U1, kilo(64));
+typedef Struct_(SMemory) {
+	U1 info[INFO_MEMORY_SIZE];
+	U1 text[TEXT_MEMORY_SIZE];
+	U1 file[FILE_MEMORY_SIZE];
+
+	FStack_64k scratch;
+
+	X8616_DecodeGen gen;
+};
+global SMemory smem;
+
+I_ void str8gen_append_u4(Str8Gen_R out, U4 value, U4 radix, U4 min_digits) {
+	UTF8 buffer[64]; Info_str8_from_u4 info = str8_from_u4_info(value, radix, min_digits, 0);
+	Str8 text = str8_from_u4_buf(slice_ut_arr(buffer), value, radix, min_digits, 0, info);
+	str8gen_append_str8(out, text);
+}
+
+I_ void str8gen_append_hex_u1(Str8Gen_R out, U1 value) { str8gen_append_u4(out, value, 16, 2); }
+I_ void str8gen_append_hex_u2(Str8Gen_R out, U2 value) { str8gen_append_u4(out, value, 16, 4); }
+I_ void str8gen_append_dec   (Str8Gen_R out, U4 value) { str8gen_append_u4(out, value, 10, 1); }
+
+FI_ Slice scratch_push(U8 len) { return fstack_push_(smem.scratch, len); }
+
+typedef Opt_(str8_from_u4) { U4 radix, min_digits, digit_group_separator; }; 
+I_ Str8 str8_from_u4_opt(U4 num, Opt_str8_from_u4 o) { if (o.radix == 0) {o.radix = 10;} 
+/*gather info*/Info_str8_from_u4 info = str8_from_u4_info(num, o.radix, o.min_digits, o.digit_group_separator);
+/*write buf  */return str8_from_u4_buf(scratch_push(128), num, o.radix, o.min_digits, o.digit_group_separator, info);
+}
+#define str8_from_u4(num, ...) str8_from_u4_opt(num, opt_(str8_from_u4, __VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define code_str8(...) slit8(stringify(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define dec(v)        str8_from_u4(v, .radix = 10, .min_digits = 1)
+#define hex_u1(v)     str8_from_u4(v, .radix = 16, .min_digits = 2)
+#define hex_u2(v)     str8_from_u4(v, .radix = 16, .min_digits = 4)
+#define entry(k,v)    { ktl_str8_key(k), v }
+
+internal void
+x8616_decode_gen_emit_plan(Str8Gen_R out, X8616_DecodePlan_R plan) { defer_rewind(smem.scratch.top) {
+	Str8 template = code_str8(
+		\t{ 
+			<flags>, <op>, <encoding_flags>, <width>,
+			{<operands[0]>, <operands[1]>}, <operand_count>, 
+			<payload>, <prefix_kind>,
+			<d_shift>, <w_shift>, <s_shift>, <v_shift>, <z_shift>, <reg_shift>, <sr_shift>,
+			{<mod_rm.bits>, <mod_rm.mask>},
+			{<post_opcode.bits>, <post_opcode.mask>},
+			<alu_shift>, <cc_shift>, <digit_kind>,
+		},\n
+	);
+	KTL_Slot_Str8 tbl[] = {
+		entry("flags",            hex_u2(plan->flags)),
+		entry("op",               hex_u1(plan->op)),
+		entry("encoding_flags",   hex_u1(plan->encoding_flags)),
+		entry("width",            hex_u1(plan->width)),
+		entry("operands[0]",      hex_u1(plan->operands[0])),
+		entry("operands[1]",      hex_u1(plan->operands[1])),
+		entry("operand_count",    dec(plan->operand_count)),
+		entry("payload",          dec(plan->payload)),
+		entry("prefix_kind",      dec(plan->prefix_kind)),
+		entry("d_shift",          dec(plan->d_shift)),
+		entry("w_shift",          dec(plan->w_shift)),
+		entry("s_shift",          dec(plan->s_shift)),
+		entry("v_shift",          dec(plan->v_shift)),
+		entry("z_shift",          dec(plan->z_shift)),
+		entry("reg_shift",        dec(plan->reg_shift)),
+		entry("sr_shift",         dec(plan->sr_shift)),
+		entry("mod_rm.bits",      hex_u1(plan->mod_rm.bits)),
+		entry("mod_rm.mask",      hex_u1(plan->mod_rm.mask)),
+		entry("post_opcode.bits", hex_u1(plan->post_opcode.bits)),
+		entry("post_opcode.mask", hex_u1(plan->post_opcode.mask)),
+		entry("alu_shift",        dec(plan->alu_shift)),
+		entry("cc_shift",         dec(plan->cc_shift)),
+		entry("digit_kind",       dec(plan->digit_kind)),
+	}; 
+	str8gen_append_fmt(out, template, ktl_str8_from_arr(tbl));
+}}
+
+#define gen_fmt(out, tmpl, ...) str8gen_append_fmt((out), (tmpl), ktl_str8_from_arr(((KTL_Slot_Str8[]){ __VA_ARGS__ })))
+
+internal Str8
+x8616_decode_gen_emit(Str8Gen_R out, X8616_DecodeGen_R gen)
+{
+#pragma push_macro("RO_")
+#pragma push_macro("global")
+#undef RO_
+#undef global
+	defer_rewind(smem.scratch.top)
+	{
+		str8gen_append_str8(out, slit8(
+			"// Generated from encoder_table.h. Do not hand-edit.\n"
+			"// Plan 0 is a nil/invalid entry.\n"
+			"#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES\n"
+			"#\tinclude \"dsl.h\"\n"
+			"#endif\n\n"
+		));
+		gen_fmt(out, code_str8(RO_ global X8616_DecodePlan x8616_decode_plans[<plan_count>] =\n{\n)
+			, entry("plan_count", dec(X8616_ENCODING_COUNT + 1))
+		);
+
+		for (U4 idx = 0; idx < X8616_ENCODING_COUNT + 1; ++ idx) { x8616_decode_gen_emit_plan(out, gen->plans + idx); }
+
+		str8gen_append_str8(out, code_str8(
+			};\n\n
+		));
+
+		str8gen_append_str8(out, code_str8(RO_ global U2 x8616_decode_dispatch[256] =\n{\n));
+		{
+			Str8 line = code_str8(\t<e0>, <e1>, <e2>, <e3>, <e4>, <e5>, <e6>, <e7>, <e8>, <e9>, <e10>, <e11>, <e12>, <e13>, <e14>, <e15>,\n);
+			for (U4 idx = 0; idx < 256; idx += 16) defer_rewind(smem.scratch.top) {
+				U2_R d = gen->dispatch + idx;
+				gen_fmt(out, line,
+					entry("e0",  hex_u2(d[0])),
+					entry("e1",  hex_u2(d[1])),
+					entry("e2",  hex_u2(d[2])),
+					entry("e3",  hex_u2(d[3])),
+					entry("e4",  hex_u2(d[4])),
+					entry("e5",  hex_u2(d[5])),
+					entry("e6",  hex_u2(d[6])),
+					entry("e7",  hex_u2(d[7])),
+					entry("e8",  hex_u2(d[8])),
+					entry("e9",  hex_u2(d[9])),
+					entry("e10", hex_u2(d[10])),
+					entry("e11", hex_u2(d[11])),
+					entry("e12", hex_u2(d[12])),
+					entry("e13", hex_u2(d[13])),
+					entry("e14", hex_u2(d[14])),
+					entry("e15", hex_u2(d[15]))
+				);
+			}
+		}
+		str8gen_append_str8(out, code_str8(};\n\n));
+
+		gen_fmt(out, code_str8(RO_ global U1 x8616_decode_aux[<aux_count>] =\n{\n)
+			, entry("aux_count", dec(gen->aux_count))
+		);
+		{
+			Str8 line = code_str8(\t<a0>, <a1>, <a2>, <a3>, <a4>, <a5>, <a6>, <a7>, <a8>, <a9>, <a10>, <a11>, <a12>, <a13>, <a14>, <a15>,\n);
+			U4 idx = 0;
+			for (; idx + 16 <= gen->aux_count; idx += 16) defer_rewind(smem.scratch.top) {
+				U1_R a = gen->aux + idx;
+				gen_fmt(out, line,
+					entry("a0",  hex_u1(a[0])),
+					entry("a1",  hex_u1(a[1])),
+					entry("a2",  hex_u1(a[2])),
+					entry("a3",  hex_u1(a[3])),
+					entry("a4",  hex_u1(a[4])),
+					entry("a5",  hex_u1(a[5])),
+					entry("a6",  hex_u1(a[6])),
+					entry("a7",  hex_u1(a[7])),
+					entry("a8",  hex_u1(a[8])),
+					entry("a9",  hex_u1(a[9])),
+					entry("a10", hex_u1(a[10])),
+					entry("a11", hex_u1(a[11])),
+					entry("a12", hex_u1(a[12])),
+					entry("a13", hex_u1(a[13])),
+					entry("a14", hex_u1(a[14])),
+					entry("a15", hex_u1(a[15]))
+				);
+			}
+			if (idx < gen->aux_count) {
+				str8gen_append_str8(out, slit8("\t"));
+				for (; idx < gen->aux_count; ++ idx) {
+					str8gen_append_hex_u1(out, gen->aux[idx]); str8gen_append_str8(out, slit8(", "));
+				}
+				str8gen_append_str8(out, slit8("\n"));
+			}
+		}
+		str8gen_append_str8(out, code_str8(};\n\n));
+
+		gen_fmt(out, code_str8(enum {\n
+			\tX8616_DECODE_PLAN_COUNT = <plan_count>,\n
+			\tX8616_DECODE_AUX_COUNT  = <aux_count>,
+			\n};\n
+		),
+			entry("plan_count", dec(X8616_ENCODING_COUNT + 1)),
+			entry("aux_count",  dec(gen->aux_count))
+		);
+	}
+	return str8(out->ptr, out->len);
+#pragma pop_macro("RO_")
+#pragma pop_macro("global")
+}
+
+#undef gen_fmt
+#undef entry
+#undef hex_u2
+#undef hex_u1
+#undef dec
+
+int main(void) {
+	FArena info_scratch = farena_make(slice_ut_arr(smem.info));
+	X8616_DecodeGenInfo gen_info = x8616_decode_table_generate(& smem.gen, & info_scratch);
+	if (gen_info.msgs.error_count) { ms_exit_process(1); return 1; }
+
+	Str8Gen output = str8gen_make(slice_ut_arr(smem.text));
+	Str8 generated = x8616_decode_gen_emit(& output, & smem.gen);
+
+	FArena file_scratch = farena_make(slice_ut_arr(smem.file));
+	B4 wrote = write_data_to_file_path(slit8(X8616_DECODE_TABLE_OUTPUT), generated, & file_scratch);
+	if (wrote == false) { ms_exit_process(2); return 2; }
+	if (gen_info.verified_count != 256 * 256) { ms_exit_process(3); return 3; }
+
+	ms_exit_process(0);
+	return 0;
+}

code/8086/encode.c

@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	include "encode.h"
+#	include "encoder_table.h"
+#endif
+
+internal void
+x8616_encode_push(FArena_R arena, X8616_InfoList_R msgs, X8616_EncodeStatus status, U4 id, U2 size, U4 expected, U4 actual) {
+	if (status == x8616_encode_ok || arena == 0) return;
+	X8616_InfoKind kind = x8616_info_error;
+	X8616_InfoCode code = x8616_info_encode_invalid_record;
+	     if (status == x8616_encode_output_full)  code = x8616_info_encode_output_full;
+	else if (status == x8616_encode_bad_request)  code = x8616_info_encode_bad_request;
+	x8616_info_push(arena, msgs, kind, code, id, size, expected, actual);
+}
+
+FI_ void x8616_encode_buf_u1(U1_R buf, U1_R n, U1 value) { buf[n[0]] = value; n[0] += 1; }
+FI_ void x8616_encode_buf_u2(U1_R buf, U1_R n, U2 value) {
+	x8616_encode_buf_u1(buf, n, u1_(value));
+	x8616_encode_buf_u1(buf, n, u1_(value >> 8));
+}
+FI_ void x8616_encode_buf_disp(U1_R buf, U1_R n, S2 value, U1 bytes) {
+	if (bytes == 1) x8616_encode_buf_u1(buf, n, u1_(value));
+	if (bytes == 2) x8616_encode_buf_u2(buf, n, u2_(value));
+}
+
+I_ B4 x8616_encode_is_alu     (X8616_Op op) { return op >= x8616_op_add && op <= x8616_op_cmp; }
+I_ B4 x8616_encode_is_shift   (X8616_Op op) { return op >= x8616_op_shl && op <= x8616_op_rcr; }
+I_ B4 x8616_encode_is_jcc     (X8616_Op op) { return op >= x8616_op_je  && op <= x8616_op_jns; }
+I_ U1 x8616_encode_alu_from_op(X8616_Op op) { return u1_(op - x8616_op_add); }
+I_ U1 x8616_encode_cc_from_op (X8616_Op op) {
+	for (U1 i = 0; i < Array_len(x8616_op_from_cc); ++i) if (x8616_op_from_cc[i] == op) return i;
+	return 0;
+}
+I_ U1 x8616_encode_shift_from_op(X8616_Op op) {
+	for (U1 i = 0; i < Array_len(x8616_op_from_shift); ++i) if (x8616_op_from_shift[i] == op) return i;
+	return 0;
+}
+I_ void x8616_encode_or_field(U1_R header, X8616_BitField f, U1 value) {
+	header[0] |= (value << f.shift) & x8616_field_mask(f.shift, f.width);
+}
+
+FI_ U1 x8616_encode_prefix_count(X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst) {
+	return u1_(inst->prefixes.lock) + u1_(inst->prefixes.has_repeat) + u1_(inst->prefixes.has_segment);
+}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_encode_is_acc(X8616_DecodedOperand_R op) {
+	if ((op->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_register) == 0) return 0;
+	if  (op->width == x8616_width_byte)                    return op->reg.r8  == x8616_al;
+	                                                       return op->reg.r16 == x8616_ax;
+}
+
+RO_ global U2 x8616_encode_slot_any[] = {
+	[x8616_operand_none]           = 0,
+	[x8616_operand_rm]             = x8616_decoded_operand_register | x8616_decoded_operand_memory,
+	[x8616_operand_reg_modrm]      = x8616_decoded_operand_register,
+	[x8616_operand_reg_opcode]     = x8616_decoded_operand_register,
+	[x8616_operand_segment_modrm]  = x8616_decoded_operand_segment,
+	[x8616_operand_segment_opcode] = x8616_decoded_operand_segment,
+	[x8616_operand_acc]            = x8616_decoded_operand_register,
+	[x8616_operand_imm]            = x8616_decoded_operand_immediate,
+	[x8616_operand_imm8]           = x8616_decoded_operand_immediate,
+	[x8616_operand_imm16]          = x8616_decoded_operand_immediate,
+	[x8616_operand_mem_direct]     = x8616_decoded_operand_memory,
+	[x8616_operand_rel8]           = x8616_decoded_operand_relative,
+	[x8616_operand_rel16]          = x8616_decoded_operand_relative,
+	[x8616_operand_far_ptr]        = x8616_decoded_operand_far_ptr,
+	[x8616_operand_dx]             = x8616_decoded_operand_register,
+	[x8616_operand_shift_count]    = x8616_decoded_operand_register | x8616_decoded_operand_immediate,
+};
+
+I_ B4 x8616_encode_slot_match(X8616_Operand slot, X8616_DecodedOperand_R op, X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst) {
+	B4 ok = (op->flags & x8616_encode_slot_any[slot]) != 0;
+	ok &= (slot != x8616_operand_acc)         || x8616_encode_is_acc(op);
+	ok &= (slot != x8616_operand_dx)          || (op->reg.r16 == x8616_dx);
+	ok &= (slot != x8616_operand_imm8)        || (op->immediate <= 0xFF);
+	ok &= (slot != x8616_operand_mem_direct)  || ((op->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_direct) != 0);
+	ok &= (slot != x8616_operand_shift_count) || ((op->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_register) && op->reg.r8 == x8616_cl) || (op->immediate == 1);
+	if (slot == x8616_operand_rel8 && ok) {
+		S2 machine = s2_(op->displacement - s2_(x8616_encode_prefix_count(inst) + 2));
+		ok         = machine >= -128 && machine <= 127;
+	}
+	return ok;
+}
+
+FI_ U1 x8616_encode_enc_count(X8616_Encoding_R enc) { return u1_(enc->operands[0] != x8616_operand_none) + u1_(enc->operands[1] != x8616_operand_none); }
+
+I_ B4 x8616_encode_op_match(X8616_Encoding_R enc, X8616_Op op) {
+	B4 prefix = (enc->flags & x8616_encoding_prefix) != 0;
+	B4 exact  = enc->op == op;
+	B4 family = enc->op == x8616_op_invalid;
+	B4 alu    = family && (enc->fields.alu.width || enc->digit_kind == x8616_digit_alu) && x8616_encode_is_alu(op);
+	B4 cc     = family && enc->fields.cc.width && x8616_encode_is_jcc(op);
+	B4 shift  = family && enc->digit_kind == x8616_digit_shift && x8616_encode_is_shift(op);
+	return prefix == 0 && (exact || alu || cc || shift);
+}
+
+I_ B4 x8616_encode_row_match(X8616_Encoding_R enc, X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst, U1 d) {
+	B4 op_ok     = x8616_encode_op_match(enc, inst->op);
+	B4 enc_far   = (enc->flags  & x8616_encoding_far) != 0;
+	B4 inst_far  = (inst->flags & x8616_encoding_far) != 0;
+	inst_far    |= (inst->operands[0].flags & x8616_decoded_operand_far_ptr) != 0;
+	inst_far    |= (inst->operands[1].flags & x8616_decoded_operand_far_ptr) != 0;
+	B4 far_ok    = enc_far == inst_far;
+	B4 width_any = enc->width == x8616_width_dynamic || inst->width == x8616_width_dynamic;
+	B4 width_ok  = width_any || enc->width == inst->width;
+	B4 count_ok  = x8616_encode_enc_count(enc) == inst->operand_count;
+	B4 d_ok      = enc->fields.d.width || d == 0;
+	B4 slots_ok  = 1;
+	for (U1 i = 0; i < inst->operand_count; ++i) {
+		U1 slot_i = d ? (i ^ 1) : i;
+		slots_ok &= x8616_encode_slot_match(enc->operands[slot_i], inst->operands + i, inst);
+	}
+	return op_ok && far_ok && width_ok && count_ok && d_ok && slots_ok;
+}
+
+FI_ U1 x8616_encode_row_score(X8616_Encoding const* enc) {
+	U1 score = 0;
+	for (U1 i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+		X8616_Operand s = enc->operands[i];
+		if (s == x8616_operand_reg_opcode || s == x8616_operand_acc || s == x8616_operand_mem_direct) score += 2;
+		if (s == x8616_operand_rel8       || s == x8616_operand_imm8) score += 1;
+	}
+	return score;
+}
+
+I_ B4 x8616_encode_slot_modrm(X8616_Operand s) { return s == x8616_operand_rm || s == x8616_operand_reg_modrm || s == x8616_operand_segment_modrm; }
+I_ B4 x8616_encode_needs_modrm(X8616_Encoding const* enc) {
+	B4 masked = enc->mod_rm.mask != 0;
+	B4 digit  = enc->digit_kind != x8616_digit_none;
+	B4 slots  = x8616_encode_slot_modrm(enc->operands[0]) || x8616_encode_slot_modrm(enc->operands[1]);
+	return masked || digit || slots;
+}
+
+internal B4
+x8616_encode_assemble(X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst)
+{
+	X8616_Encoding const* best = 0;
+	U1 best_d     = 0;
+	U1 best_score = 0;
+	B4 found      = 0;
+	for (U4 id = 0; id < Array_len(x8616_encodings); ++id)
+	{
+		X8616_Encoding_R enc = x8616_encodings + id;
+		U1 d_hi = enc->fields.d.width ? 1 : 0;
+		for (U1 d = 0; d <= d_hi; ++d) {
+			if        (x8616_encode_row_match(enc, inst, d) == 0) continue;
+			U1 score = x8616_encode_row_score(enc);
+			B4  not_bested = found && (score < best_score || (score == best_score && d < best_d));
+			if (not_bested) continue;
+			best = enc; best_d = d; best_score = score; found = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (found == 0) return 0;
+
+	X8616_DecodedOperand_R slot[X8616_OPERAND_SOURCE_COUNT] = {0};
+	for (U1 op_id = 0; op_id < inst->operand_count; ++op_id) {
+		U1 slot_id = best_d ? (op_id ^ 1) : op_id;
+		slot[best->operands[slot_id]] = inst->operands + op_id;
+	}
+
+	X8616_DecodedOperand_R operand_acc = slot[x8616_operand_acc];
+	X8616_Width      w = inst->width        == x8616_width_word ? x8616_w_word : x8616_w_byte;
+	if (operand_acc) w = operand_acc->width == x8616_width_word ? x8616_w_word : x8616_w_byte;
+
+	U1 header = best->header.bits;
+	X8616_DecodedOperand_R sc  = slot[x8616_operand_shift_count];
+	X8616_DecodedOperand_R imm = slot[x8616_operand_imm];
+	if (imm == 0) imm = slot[x8616_operand_imm8];
+	if (imm == 0) imm = slot[x8616_operand_imm16];
+	U1 s = 0;
+	if (best->fields.s.width && imm) {
+		s = (inst->width == x8616_width_word && imm->immediate_bytes <= 1) || (imm->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_sign_extended);
+	}
+	U1 v = sc && (sc->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_register);
+	U1 reg_op = slot[x8616_operand_reg_opcode]     ? u1_(slot[x8616_operand_reg_opcode    ]->reg.r16) : 0;
+	U1 sr_op  = slot[x8616_operand_segment_opcode] ? u1_(slot[x8616_operand_segment_opcode]->segment) : 0;
+	x8616_encode_or_field(& header, best->fields.w,   u1_(w));
+	x8616_encode_or_field(& header, best->fields.d,   best_d);
+	x8616_encode_or_field(& header, best->fields.alu, x8616_encode_alu_from_op(inst->op));
+	x8616_encode_or_field(& header, best->fields.cc,  x8616_encode_cc_from_op(inst->op));
+	x8616_encode_or_field(& header, best->fields.reg, reg_op);
+	x8616_encode_or_field(& header, best->fields.sr,  sr_op);
+	x8616_encode_or_field(& header, best->fields.v,   v);
+	x8616_encode_or_field(& header, best->fields.s,   s);
+	header = (header & ~best->header.mask) | (best->header.bits & best->header.mask);
+	if (sc && (sc->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_immediate) && sc->immediate == 1) sc->immediate_bytes = 0;
+
+	U1 modrm     = 0;
+	B4 has_modrm = x8616_encode_needs_modrm(best);
+	X8616_DecodedOperand_R rm_op = slot[x8616_operand_rm];
+	U1 mod = x8616_mod_reg;
+	U1 rm  = 0;
+	if (rm_op) {
+		B4 mem = (rm_op->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_memory) != 0;
+		B4 dir = (rm_op->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_direct) != 0;
+		B4 bp0 = mem && dir == 0 && rm_op->displacement_bytes == 0 && rm_op->ea == x8616_ea_bp;
+		if (bp0) { rm_op->displacement_bytes = 1; rm_op->displacement = 0; }
+		U1 db = rm_op->displacement_bytes;
+		mod = mem ? (dir ? x8616_mod_mem : (db > 2 ? 2 : db))    : x8616_mod_reg;
+		rm  = dir ? u1_(x8616_ea_direct) : (mem ? u1_(rm_op->ea) : u1_(rm_op->reg.r16));
+	}
+	U1 kind_digit[3] = { 0, x8616_encode_alu_from_op(inst->op), x8616_encode_shift_from_op(inst->op) };
+	U1 reg           = slot[x8616_operand_reg_modrm] ? u1_(slot[x8616_operand_reg_modrm]->reg.r16) : 0;
+	if (best->digit_kind) reg = kind_digit[best->digit_kind];
+	X8616_DecodedOperand_R sr_m = slot[x8616_operand_segment_modrm];
+	modrm = sr_m ? x8616_enc_modrm_seg(mod, sr_m->segment, rm) : x8616_enc_modrm(mod, reg, rm);
+	modrm = (modrm & ~best->mod_rm.mask) | (best->mod_rm.bits & best->mod_rm.mask);
+
+	X8616_DecodedOperand_R rel = slot[x8616_operand_rel8];
+	U1 rel_bytes = 1;
+	if (rel == 0) { rel = slot[x8616_operand_rel16]; rel_bytes = 2; }
+	if (imm) {
+		U1 imm16 = slot[x8616_operand_imm16] != 0;
+		U1 imm8  = slot[x8616_operand_imm8]  != 0;
+		imm->immediate_bytes = imm16 ? 2 : (imm8 || w == x8616_w_byte || s ? 1 : 2);
+	}
+	if (rel) {
+		U1 size = x8616_encode_prefix_count(inst) + 1 + rel_bytes;
+		rel->displacement       = s2_(rel->displacement - s2_(size));
+		rel->displacement_bytes = rel_bytes;
+	}
+
+	inst->header      = header;
+	inst->mod_rm      = modrm;
+	inst->has_mod_rm  = has_modrm;
+	inst->post_opcode = best->post_opcode.mask ? best->post_opcode.bits : 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+internal X8616_EncodeStatus
+x8616_encode_instruction(Str8Gen_R gen, X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst)
+{
+	if (inst->decode_flags & (x8616_decode_invalid | x8616_decode_truncated)) return x8616_encode_invalid_record;
+	X8616_DecodedInstruction local = *inst;
+	if (local.size == 0) {
+		if (x8616_encode_assemble(& local) == 0) return x8616_encode_invalid_record;
+	}
+
+	U1 buf[16];
+	U1 n   = 0;
+	U1 rep = local.prefixes.repeat == x8616_rep ? x8616_rep_prefix() : x8616_repne_prefix();
+	if (local.prefixes.lock)        { x8616_encode_buf_u1(buf, & n, x8616_lock_prefix()); }
+	if (local.prefixes.has_repeat)  { x8616_encode_buf_u1(buf, & n, rep); }
+	if (local.prefixes.has_segment) { x8616_encode_buf_u1(buf, & n, x8616_segment_prefix(local.prefixes.segment)); }
+	                                  x8616_encode_buf_u1(buf, & n, local.header);
+	if (local.post_opcode)          { x8616_encode_buf_u1(buf, & n, local.post_opcode); }
+	if (local.has_mod_rm)           { x8616_encode_buf_u1(buf, & n, local.mod_rm); }
+
+	for (U1 id = 0; id < local.operand_count; ++id) {
+		X8616_DecodedOperand_R op = local.operands + id;
+		if ((op->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_memory) == 0) continue;
+		if ( op->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_direct) x8616_encode_buf_u2(buf, & n, op->address);
+		else x8616_encode_buf_disp(buf, & n, op->displacement, op->displacement_bytes);
+	}
+	for (U1 id = 0; id < local.operand_count; ++id) {
+		X8616_DecodedOperand_R op = local.operands + id;
+		B4 op_rel =  op->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_relative;
+		B4 op_imm = (op->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_immediate) && op->immediate_bytes;
+		B4 op_far =  op->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_far_ptr;
+		     if (op_rel) { x8616_encode_buf_disp(buf, & n, op->displacement,   op->displacement_bytes); }
+		else if (op_imm) { x8616_encode_buf_disp(buf, & n, s2_(op->immediate), op->immediate_bytes); }
+		else if (op_far) {
+			x8616_encode_buf_u2(buf, & n, op->far_offset);
+			x8616_encode_buf_u2(buf, & n, op->far_segment);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (n > gen->cap - gen->len) return x8616_encode_output_full;
+	mem_copy(u8_(gen->ptr + gen->len), u8_(buf), n);
+	gen->len += n;
+	return x8616_encode_ok;
+}
+
+X8616_EncodeInfo x8616_encode_instructions(X8616_EncodeRequest request)
+{
+	X8616_EncodeInfo result = {0};
+	X8616_InfoList   local  = {0};
+	X8616_InfoList_R msgs   = request.msgs ? request.msgs : & local;
+	Str8Gen gen = {0};
+
+	B4 bad =
+	   (request.instruction_count && request.instructions == 0)
+	|| (request.output.len        && request.output.ptr   == 0)
+	|| (request.info_arena        == 0);
+	if (bad) {
+		if (request.info_arena) {
+			x8616_encode_push(request.info_arena, msgs, x8616_encode_bad_request, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+		}
+		goto exit;
+	}
+
+	gen              = str8gen_make(request.output);
+	result.bytes.ptr = u8_(gen.ptr);
+
+	for (U4 id = 0; id < request.instruction_count; ++id)
+	{
+		X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst = & request.instructions[id];
+		U8 at = gen.len;
+		X8616_EncodeStatus st = x8616_encode_instruction(& gen, inst);
+		if (st == x8616_encode_invalid_record) {
+			gen.len = at;
+			x8616_encode_push(request.info_arena, msgs, st, id, inst->size, 0, u4_(inst->op));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (st == x8616_encode_output_full) {
+			gen.len = at;
+			x8616_encode_push(request.info_arena, msgs, st
+				, id, inst->size, u4_(request.output.len), u4_(at));
+			goto exit;
+		}
+		result.instructions_written += 1;
+	}
+
+exit:
+	result.bytes.len = gen.len;
+	result.msgs      = *msgs;
+	return result;
+}

code/8086/encode.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	pragma once
+#	include "decoder.h"
+#endif
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_EncodeStatus) {
+	x8616_encode_ok             = 0x00,
+	x8616_encode_output_full    = 0x01,
+	x8616_encode_invalid_record = 0x02,
+	x8616_encode_bad_request    = 0x03,
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_EncodeRequest) {
+	X8616_DecodedInstruction* instructions;
+	U4    instruction_count; byte_pad(4);
+	Slice output;
+	FArena*          info_arena;
+	X8616_InfoList_R msgs;
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_EncodeInfo) {
+	X8616_InfoList msgs;
+	Slice          bytes;
+	U4             instructions_written;
+	byte_pad(4);
+};
+
+X8616_EncodeInfo x8616_encode_instructions(X8616_EncodeRequest request);

code/8086/encoder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,919 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	pragma once
+#	include "duffle/dsl.h"
+#endif
+
+/* Intel 8086 Family User's Manual, Oct 1979 (9800722-03) ch.4 p.4-18,
+   Figure 4-20, Table 4-11, Table 4-12.
+
+   Figure 4-20 byte 1:
+
+     7           hole          0
+    +------------+-------------+
+    |   OPCODE   |  fields     |
+    +------------+-------------+
+         ^              ^
+         |              d, w, s, v, z, reg, cccc  (Table 4-11)
+         Table 4-12 identifying bits (width 4..8)
+
+   Construction:
+     header = (opcode << hole) | fields
+     X8616_Opcode  = the unshifted identifying bits
+     X8616_Encoding.header = BytePattern for that packed byte
+
+   INC AX:
+     Table 4-12:  0 1 0 0 0  reg
+     opcode = 01000,  hole = 3,  reg = AX
+     header = (01000 << 3) | 000  = 0x40
+
+   BytePattern.mask = bits that must match (opcode bits + any fixed literals). */
+typedef Struct_(X8616_BytePattern) { U1 bits;  U1 mask; };
+typedef Struct_(X8616_BitField)    { U1 shift; U1 width; };
+
+// width field size in bits; 0 means this encoding skips it.
+// d w s v z reg sr = Table 4-11. alu = ttt, cc = cccc (catalog).
+typedef Struct_(X8616_HeaderFields) {
+	X8616_BitField d;
+	X8616_BitField w;
+	X8616_BitField s;
+	X8616_BitField v;
+	X8616_BitField z;
+	X8616_BitField reg;
+	X8616_BitField sr;
+	X8616_BitField alu;
+	X8616_BitField cc;
+};
+
+#define x8616_field_mask(shift, width)        u1_(((1u << (width)) - 1u) << (shift))
+#define x8616_header_opcode_mask(field_width) u1_(~((1u << (field_width)) - 1u))
+#define x8616_opc(opcode, field_width)        ((X8616_BytePattern){ u1_((opcode) << (field_width)), x8616_header_opcode_mask(field_width) })
+#define x8616_opc_byte(opcode)                x8616_opc((opcode), 0)
+#define x8616_opcode_in(header, hole)         ((header) >> (hole)) /* fields-zeroed byte 1 → identifying bits */
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Op) {
+	x8616_op_invalid = 0x00,
+	x8616_op_nop     = 0x01,
+	x8616_op_mov     = 0x02,
+	x8616_op_add     = 0x03,
+	x8616_op_or      = 0x04,
+	x8616_op_adc     = 0x05,
+	x8616_op_sbb     = 0x06,
+	x8616_op_and     = 0x07,
+	x8616_op_sub     = 0x08,
+	x8616_op_xor     = 0x09,
+	x8616_op_cmp     = 0x0A,
+	x8616_op_push    = 0x0B,
+	x8616_op_pop     = 0x0C,
+	x8616_op_xchg    = 0x0D,
+	x8616_op_in      = 0x0E,
+	x8616_op_out     = 0x0F,
+	x8616_op_xlat    = 0x10,
+	x8616_op_lea     = 0x11,
+	x8616_op_lds     = 0x12,
+	x8616_op_les     = 0x13,
+	x8616_op_lahf    = 0x14,
+	x8616_op_sahf    = 0x15,
+	x8616_op_pushf   = 0x16,
+	x8616_op_popf    = 0x17,
+	x8616_op_inc     = 0x18,
+	x8616_op_aaa     = 0x19,
+	x8616_op_daa     = 0x1A,
+	x8616_op_dec     = 0x1B,
+	x8616_op_neg     = 0x1C,
+	x8616_op_aas     = 0x1D,
+	x8616_op_das     = 0x1E,
+	x8616_op_mul     = 0x1F,
+	x8616_op_imul    = 0x20,
+	x8616_op_aam     = 0x21,
+	x8616_op_div     = 0x22,
+	x8616_op_idiv    = 0x23,
+	x8616_op_aad     = 0x24,
+	x8616_op_cbw     = 0x25,
+	x8616_op_cwd     = 0x26,
+	x8616_op_not     = 0x27,
+	x8616_op_shl     = 0x28,
+	x8616_op_shr     = 0x29,
+	x8616_op_sar     = 0x2A,
+	x8616_op_rol     = 0x2B,
+	x8616_op_ror     = 0x2C,
+	x8616_op_rcl     = 0x2D,
+	x8616_op_rcr     = 0x2E,
+	x8616_op_test    = 0x2F,
+	x8616_op_rep     = 0x30,
+	x8616_op_movs    = 0x31,
+	x8616_op_cmps    = 0x32,
+	x8616_op_scas    = 0x33,
+	x8616_op_lods    = 0x34,
+	x8616_op_stos    = 0x35,
+	x8616_op_call    = 0x36,
+	x8616_op_jmp     = 0x37,
+	x8616_op_ret     = 0x38,
+	x8616_op_retf    = 0x39,
+	x8616_op_je      = 0x3A,
+	x8616_op_jl      = 0x3B,
+	x8616_op_jle     = 0x3C,
+	x8616_op_jb      = 0x3D,
+	x8616_op_jbe     = 0x3E,
+	x8616_op_jp      = 0x3F,
+	x8616_op_jo      = 0x40,
+	x8616_op_js      = 0x41,
+	x8616_op_jne     = 0x42,
+	x8616_op_jnl     = 0x43,
+	x8616_op_jg      = 0x44,
+	x8616_op_jnb     = 0x45,
+	x8616_op_ja      = 0x46,
+	x8616_op_jnp     = 0x47,
+	x8616_op_jno     = 0x48,
+	x8616_op_jns     = 0x49,
+	x8616_op_loop    = 0x4A,
+	x8616_op_loopz   = 0x4B,
+	x8616_op_loopnz  = 0x4C,
+	x8616_op_jcxz    = 0x4D,
+	x8616_op_int     = 0x4E,
+	x8616_op_int3    = 0x4F,
+	x8616_op_into    = 0x50,
+	x8616_op_iret    = 0x51,
+	x8616_op_clc     = 0x52,
+	x8616_op_cmc     = 0x53,
+	x8616_op_stc     = 0x54,
+	x8616_op_cld     = 0x55,
+	x8616_op_std     = 0x56,
+	x8616_op_cli     = 0x57,
+	x8616_op_sti     = 0x58,
+	x8616_op_hlt     = 0x59,
+	x8616_op_wait    = 0x5A,
+	x8616_op_lock    = 0x5B,
+	x8616_op_segment = 0x5C,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Operand) {
+	x8616_operand_none           = 0x00,
+	x8616_operand_rm             = 0x01,
+	x8616_operand_reg_modrm      = 0x02,
+	x8616_operand_reg_opcode     = 0x03,
+	x8616_operand_segment_modrm  = 0x04,
+	x8616_operand_segment_opcode = 0x05,
+	x8616_operand_acc            = 0x06,
+	x8616_operand_imm            = 0x07,
+	x8616_operand_imm8           = 0x08,
+	x8616_operand_imm16          = 0x09,
+	x8616_operand_mem_direct     = 0x0A,
+	x8616_operand_rel8           = 0x0B,
+	x8616_operand_rel16          = 0x0C,
+	x8616_operand_far_ptr        = 0x0D,
+	x8616_operand_dx             = 0x0E,
+	x8616_operand_shift_count    = 0x0F,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_WidthMode) {
+	x8616_width_dynamic = 0x0,
+	x8616_width_byte    = 0x1,
+	x8616_width_word    = 0x2,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_EncodingFlags) {
+	x8616_encoding_none   = 0b00000000,
+	x8616_encoding_far    = 0b00000001,
+	x8616_encoding_prefix = 0b00000010,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_DigitKind) {
+	x8616_digit_none  = 0x0,
+	x8616_digit_alu   = 0x1,
+	x8616_digit_shift = 0x2,
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_Encoding) {
+	X8616_BytePattern   header;
+	X8616_BytePattern   mod_rm;
+	X8616_BytePattern   post_opcode;
+	X8616_HeaderFields  fields;
+	X8616_Operand       operands[2];
+	X8616_WidthMode     width;
+	X8616_EncodingFlags flags;
+	X8616_DigitKind     digit_kind;
+	X8616_Op            op;
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Width) { // Table 4-7 W
+	x8616_w_byte = 0b0,
+	x8616_w_word = 0b1,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Direction) { // Table 4-7 D: REG is dest when 1
+	x8616_d_rm_dst  = 0b0,
+	x8616_d_reg_dst = 0b1,
+	x8616_d_acc_dst = x8616_d_rm_dst,
+	x8616_d_mem_dst = x8616_d_reg_dst,
+	x8616_d_seg_dst = x8616_d_reg_dst,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Sign) { // Table 4-7 S
+	x8616_s_full   = 0b0,
+	x8616_s_extend = 0b1,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_VariableShift) { // Table 4-7 V
+	x8616_v_one = 0b0,
+	x8616_v_cl  = 0b1,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Repeat) { // Table 4-7 Z
+	x8616_repne = 0b0,
+	x8616_rep   = 0b1,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Mod) {
+	x8616_mod_mem     = 0b00,
+	x8616_mod_mem_d8  = 0b01,
+	x8616_mod_mem_d16 = 0b10,
+	x8616_mod_reg     = 0b11,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Reg8) {
+	x8616_al = 0b000,
+	x8616_cl = 0b001,
+	x8616_dl = 0b010,
+	x8616_bl = 0b011,
+	x8616_ah = 0b100,
+	x8616_ch = 0b101,
+	x8616_dh = 0b110,
+	x8616_bh = 0b111,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Reg16) {
+	x8616_ax = 0b000,
+	x8616_cx = 0b001,
+	x8616_dx = 0b010,
+	x8616_bx = 0b011,
+	x8616_sp = 0b100,
+	x8616_bp = 0b101,
+	x8616_si = 0b110,
+	x8616_di = 0b111,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Segment) {
+	x8616_es = 0b00,
+	x8616_cs = 0b01,
+	x8616_ss = 0b10,
+	x8616_ds = 0b11,
+};
+
+// Table 4-12 B(110) / B(111) beside SR.
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_SRLow) {
+	x8616_sr_low_push = 0b110,
+	x8616_sr_low_pop  = 0b111,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_EA) {
+	x8616_ea_bx_si  = 0b000,
+	x8616_ea_bx_di  = 0b001,
+	x8616_ea_bp_si  = 0b010,
+	x8616_ea_bp_di  = 0b011,
+	x8616_ea_si     = 0b100,
+	x8616_ea_di     = 0b101,
+	x8616_ea_bp     = 0b110, // mod 01/10
+	x8616_ea_direct = 0b110, // mod 00
+	x8616_ea_bx     = 0b111,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_ALU) { // ttt in 00 ttt 0 d w  and  00 ttt 10 w
+	x8616_add = 0b000,
+	x8616_or  = 0b001,
+	x8616_adc = 0b010,
+	x8616_sbb = 0b011,
+	x8616_and = 0b100,
+	x8616_sub = 0b101,
+	x8616_xor = 0b110,
+	x8616_cmp = 0b111,
+};
+
+RO_ global X8616_Op x8616_op_from_alu[] = {
+	[x8616_add] = x8616_op_add,
+	[x8616_or]  = x8616_op_or,
+	[x8616_adc] = x8616_op_adc,
+	[x8616_sbb] = x8616_op_sbb,
+	[x8616_and] = x8616_op_and,
+	[x8616_sub] = x8616_op_sub,
+	[x8616_xor] = x8616_op_xor,
+	[x8616_cmp] = x8616_op_cmp,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Group3) { // ModR/M /digit of 1111011 w
+	x8616_g3_test = 0b000,
+	x8616_g3_not  = 0b010,
+	x8616_g3_neg  = 0b011,
+	x8616_g3_mul  = 0b100,
+	x8616_g3_imul = 0b101,
+	x8616_g3_div  = 0b110,
+	x8616_g3_idiv = 0b111,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_IncDec) { // /0 /1 of 1111111 w
+	x8616_inc = 0b000,
+	x8616_dec = 0b001,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_GroupFF) { // /2../6 of 1111111 w=1
+	x8616_ff_call_near = 0b010,
+	x8616_ff_call_far  = 0b011,
+	x8616_ff_jmp_near  = 0b100,
+	x8616_ff_jmp_far   = 0b101,
+	x8616_ff_push      = 0b110,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Shift) { // /digit of 110100 v w
+	x8616_rol = 0b000,
+	x8616_ror = 0b001,
+	x8616_rcl = 0b010,
+	x8616_rcr = 0b011,
+	x8616_shl = 0b100,
+	x8616_shr = 0b101,
+	x8616_sar = 0b111,
+};
+
+RO_ global X8616_Op x8616_op_from_shift[] = {
+	[x8616_rol] = x8616_op_rol,
+	[x8616_ror] = x8616_op_ror,
+	[x8616_rcl] = x8616_op_rcl,
+	[x8616_rcr] = x8616_op_rcr,
+	[x8616_shl] = x8616_op_shl,
+	[x8616_shr] = x8616_op_shr,
+	[0b110]     = x8616_op_invalid,
+	[x8616_sar] = x8616_op_sar,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Condition) { // cccc of 0111 cccc
+	x8616_cc_o   = 0b0000,
+	x8616_cc_no  = 0b0001,
+	x8616_cc_b   = 0b0010,
+	x8616_cc_nb  = 0b0011,
+	x8616_cc_e   = 0b0100,
+	x8616_cc_ne  = 0b0101,
+	x8616_cc_be  = 0b0110,
+	x8616_cc_a   = 0b0111,
+	x8616_cc_s   = 0b1000,
+	x8616_cc_ns  = 0b1001,
+	x8616_cc_p   = 0b1010,
+	x8616_cc_np  = 0b1011,
+	x8616_cc_l   = 0b1100,
+	x8616_cc_nl  = 0b1101,
+	x8616_cc_le  = 0b1110,
+	x8616_cc_g   = 0b1111,
+};
+
+RO_ global X8616_Op x8616_op_from_cc[] = {
+	[x8616_cc_o]  = x8616_op_jo,
+	[x8616_cc_no] = x8616_op_jno,
+	[x8616_cc_b]  = x8616_op_jb,
+	[x8616_cc_nb] = x8616_op_jnb,
+	[x8616_cc_e]  = x8616_op_je,
+	[x8616_cc_ne] = x8616_op_jne,
+	[x8616_cc_be] = x8616_op_jbe,
+	[x8616_cc_a]  = x8616_op_ja,
+	[x8616_cc_s]  = x8616_op_js,
+	[x8616_cc_ns] = x8616_op_jns,
+	[x8616_cc_p]  = x8616_op_jp,
+	[x8616_cc_np] = x8616_op_jnp,
+	[x8616_cc_l]  = x8616_op_jl,
+	[x8616_cc_nl] = x8616_op_jnl,
+	[x8616_cc_le] = x8616_op_jle,
+	[x8616_cc_g]  = x8616_op_jg,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Digit) {
+	x8616_digit_0 = 0b000,
+};
+
+enum { // hole = low-bit field width in byte 1
+	X8616_OPCODE_DW_W_SHIFT = 0,
+	X8616_OPCODE_DW_D_SHIFT = 1,
+	X8616_OPCODE_DW_HOLE    = X8616_OPCODE_DW_D_SHIFT + 1,
+
+	X8616_OPCODE_SW_W_SHIFT = 0,
+	X8616_OPCODE_SW_S_SHIFT = 1,
+	X8616_OPCODE_SW_HOLE    = X8616_OPCODE_SW_S_SHIFT + 1,
+
+	X8616_OPCODE_VW_W_SHIFT = 0,
+	X8616_OPCODE_VW_V_SHIFT = 1,
+	X8616_OPCODE_VW_HOLE    = X8616_OPCODE_VW_V_SHIFT + 1,
+
+	X8616_OPCODE_Z_Z_SHIFT = 0,
+	X8616_OPCODE_Z_HOLE    = X8616_OPCODE_Z_Z_SHIFT + 1,
+
+	X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT = 0,
+	X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE    = X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT + 1,
+
+	X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_SHIFT = 0,
+	X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_WIDTH = 3,
+	X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE      = X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_SHIFT + X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_WIDTH,
+
+	X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_SHIFT = 0,
+	X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_WIDTH = 3,
+	X8616_OPCODE_WREG_W_SHIFT   = X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_SHIFT + X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_WIDTH,
+	X8616_OPCODE_WREG_HOLE      = X8616_OPCODE_WREG_W_SHIFT + 1,
+
+	X8616_OPCODE_D0_D_SHIFT = 1,
+	X8616_OPCODE_D0_HOLE    = X8616_OPCODE_D0_D_SHIFT + 1,
+
+	X8616_OPCODE_SR_CLASS_SHIFT = 5,
+
+	X8616_OPCODE_CC_WIDTH = 4,
+	X8616_OPCODE_CC_HOLE  = X8616_OPCODE_CC_WIDTH,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_Opcode) { /* identifying bits: fields-zeroed header >> hole */
+	x8616_opcode_mov_rm_r     = x8616_opcode_in(0b10001000, X8616_OPCODE_DW_HOLE),   // 100010 d w
+	x8616_opcode_mov_rm_i     = x8616_opcode_in(0b11000110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),    // 1100011 w
+	x8616_opcode_mov_r_i      = x8616_opcode_in(0b10110000, X8616_OPCODE_WREG_HOLE), // 1011 w reg
+	x8616_opcode_mov_acc_mem  = x8616_opcode_in(0b10100000, X8616_OPCODE_DW_HOLE),   // 101000 d w
+	x8616_opcode_mov_seg_rm   = x8616_opcode_in(0b10001100, X8616_OPCODE_D0_HOLE),   // 100011 d 0
+
+	x8616_opcode_push_reg     = x8616_opcode_in(0b01010000, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE),  // 01010 reg
+	x8616_opcode_pop_reg      = x8616_opcode_in(0b01011000, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE),  // 01011 reg
+	x8616_opcode_xchg_rm_r    = x8616_opcode_in(0b10000110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),    // 1000011 w
+	x8616_opcode_xchg_ax_reg  = x8616_opcode_in(0b10010000, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE),  // 10010 reg
+
+	x8616_opcode_in_i         = x8616_opcode_in(0b11100100, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),    // 1110010 w
+	x8616_opcode_in_dx        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11101100, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),    // 1110110 w
+	x8616_opcode_out_i        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11100110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),    // 1110011 w
+	x8616_opcode_out_dx       = x8616_opcode_in(0b11101110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),    // 1110111 w
+
+	x8616_opcode_alu_rm_i     = x8616_opcode_in(0b10000000, X8616_OPCODE_SW_HOLE),   // 100000 s w
+	x8616_opcode_incdec_rm    = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),    // 1111111 w
+	x8616_opcode_inc_reg      = x8616_opcode_in(0b01000000, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE),  // 01000 reg
+	x8616_opcode_dec_reg      = x8616_opcode_in(0b01001000, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE),  // 01001 reg
+	x8616_opcode_group3       = x8616_opcode_in(0b11110110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),    // 1111011 w
+	x8616_opcode_shift_rm     = x8616_opcode_in(0b11010000, X8616_OPCODE_VW_HOLE),   // 110100 v w
+	x8616_opcode_test_rm_r    = x8616_opcode_in(0b10000100, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),    // 1000010 w
+	x8616_opcode_test_acc_i   = x8616_opcode_in(0b10101000, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),    // 1010100 w
+
+	x8616_opcode_rep          = x8616_opcode_in(0b11110010, X8616_OPCODE_Z_HOLE),    // 1111001 z
+	x8616_opcode_movs         = x8616_opcode_in(0b10100100, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),    // 1010010 w
+	x8616_opcode_cmps         = x8616_opcode_in(0b10100110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+	x8616_opcode_scas         = x8616_opcode_in(0b10101110, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+	x8616_opcode_lods         = x8616_opcode_in(0b10101100, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+	x8616_opcode_stos         = x8616_opcode_in(0b10101010, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+
+	x8616_opcode_jcc          = x8616_opcode_in(0b01110000, X8616_OPCODE_CC_HOLE),   // 0111 cccc
+
+	x8616_opcode_sr_stack     = x8616_opcode_in(0b00000110, X8616_OPCODE_SR_CLASS_SHIFT), // 000 sr 110
+	x8616_opcode_sr_override  = x8616_opcode_in(0b00100110, X8616_OPCODE_SR_CLASS_SHIFT), // 001 sr 110
+
+	x8616_opcode_pop_rm     = x8616_opcode_in(0b10001111, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_xlat       = x8616_opcode_in(0b11010111, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_lea        = x8616_opcode_in(0b10001101, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_lds        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11000101, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_les        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11000100, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_lahf       = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011111, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_sahf       = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011110, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_pushf      = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011100, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_popf       = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011101, 0),
+
+	x8616_opcode_aaa        = x8616_opcode_in(0b00110111, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_daa        = x8616_opcode_in(0b00100111, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_aas        = x8616_opcode_in(0b00111111, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_das        = x8616_opcode_in(0b00101111, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_aam        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11010100, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_aad        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11010101, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_cbw        = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011000, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_cwd        = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011001, 0),
+
+	x8616_opcode_call_rel16 = x8616_opcode_in(0b11101000, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_call_far   = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011010, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_jmp_rel16  = x8616_opcode_in(0b11101001, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_jmp_rel8   = x8616_opcode_in(0b11101011, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_jmp_far    = x8616_opcode_in(0b11101010, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_ret        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11000011, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_ret_i      = x8616_opcode_in(0b11000010, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_retf       = x8616_opcode_in(0b11001011, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_retf_i     = x8616_opcode_in(0b11001010, 0),
+
+	x8616_opcode_loopnz     = x8616_opcode_in(0b11100000, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_loopz      = x8616_opcode_in(0b11100001, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_loop       = x8616_opcode_in(0b11100010, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_jcxz       = x8616_opcode_in(0b11100011, 0),
+
+	x8616_opcode_int        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11001101, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_int3       = x8616_opcode_in(0b11001100, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_into       = x8616_opcode_in(0b11001110, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_iret       = x8616_opcode_in(0b11001111, 0),
+
+	x8616_opcode_clc        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111000, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_cmc        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11110101, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_stc        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111001, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_cld        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111100, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_std        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111101, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_cli        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111010, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_sti        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11111011, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_hlt        = x8616_opcode_in(0b11110100, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_wait       = x8616_opcode_in(0b10011011, 0),
+	x8616_opcode_lock       = x8616_opcode_in(0b11110000, 0),
+};
+
+enum {
+	X8616_OPCODE_BIT_WIDTH = 1,
+	X8616_BYTE_MASK        = x8616_field_mask(0, 8),
+
+	X8616_POST_OPCODE_AAM_AAD = 0b00001010, // AAM/AAD immediate 00001010
+
+/* Hole = field width in the low bits of byte 1.
+   header = (opcode << HOLE) | fields
+   OPCODE_MASK = bits of the header that are opcode.
+*/
+
+// ModR/M:
+//  7 6   5 4 3   2 1 0
+// +-----+-------+-------+
+// | mod |  reg  |  r/m  |
+// +-----+-------+-------+
+
+	X8616_MODRM_RM_SHIFT  = 0,
+	X8616_MODRM_RM_WIDTH  = 3,
+	X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT = 3,
+	X8616_MODRM_REG_WIDTH = 3,
+	X8616_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT = 6,
+	X8616_MODRM_MOD_WIDTH = 2,
+	X8616_MODRM_RM_MASK   = x8616_field_mask(X8616_MODRM_RM_SHIFT,  X8616_MODRM_RM_WIDTH),
+	X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK  = x8616_field_mask(X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT, X8616_MODRM_REG_WIDTH),
+	X8616_MODRM_MOD_MASK  = x8616_field_mask(X8616_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT, X8616_MODRM_MOD_WIDTH),
+
+	X8616_MODRM_SR_SHIFT       = 3,
+	X8616_MODRM_SR_WIDTH       = 2,
+	X8616_MODRM_SR_MASK        = x8616_field_mask(X8616_MODRM_SR_SHIFT, X8616_MODRM_SR_WIDTH),
+	X8616_MODRM_SEG_FIXED_BIT  = 5,
+	X8616_MODRM_SEG_FIXED_MASK = x8616_field_mask(X8616_MODRM_SEG_FIXED_BIT, 1),
+
+	X8616_OPCODE_DW_OPCODE_MASK   = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_DW_HOLE),
+	X8616_OPCODE_SW_OPCODE_MASK   = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_SW_HOLE),
+	X8616_OPCODE_VW_OPCODE_MASK   = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_VW_HOLE),
+	X8616_OPCODE_Z_OPCODE_MASK    = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_Z_HOLE),
+	X8616_OPCODE_W_OPCODE_MASK    = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+	X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_MASK     = x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_WIDTH),
+	X8616_OPCODE_REG_OPCODE_MASK  = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE),
+	X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_MASK    = x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_WIDTH),
+	X8616_OPCODE_WREG_W_MASK      = x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_WREG_W_SHIFT, 1),
+	X8616_OPCODE_WREG_OPCODE_MASK = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_WREG_HOLE),
+	X8616_OPCODE_D0_OPCODE_MASK   = x8616_header_opcode_mask(X8616_OPCODE_D0_HOLE) | x8616_field_mask(0, 1),
+
+	X8616_OPCODE_SR_LOW_SHIFT    = 0,
+	X8616_OPCODE_SR_LOW_WIDTH    = 3,
+	X8616_OPCODE_SR_SHIFT        = 3,
+	X8616_OPCODE_SR_WIDTH        = 2,
+	X8616_OPCODE_SR_CLASS_WIDTH  = 3,
+	X8616_OPCODE_SR_MASK         = x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_SR_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_SR_WIDTH),
+	X8616_OPCODE_SR_PATTERN_MASK = u1_(~X8616_OPCODE_SR_MASK),
+
+	X8616_OPCODE_CC_SHIFT        = 0,
+	X8616_OPCODE_CC_MASK         = x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_CC_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_CC_WIDTH),
+
+// 00 ttt ...   class + form live in the matcher
+
+	X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS       = 0b00,
+	X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS_SHIFT = 6,
+	X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS_WIDTH = 2,
+	X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_SHIFT   = 3,
+	X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_WIDTH   = 3,
+	X8616_OPCODE_ALU_OP_SHIFT    = X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_SHIFT,
+	X8616_OPCODE_ALU_BIT2_SHIFT  = 2,
+	X8616_OPCODE_ALU_RM_FORM     = 0b0,
+	X8616_OPCODE_ALU_ACC_FORM    = 0b10,
+	X8616_OPCODE_ALU_ACC_FORM_SHIFT = 1,
+};
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Encoding Helpers
+
+FI_ U1 x8616_byte_pattern_matches(U1 byte, X8616_BytePattern pattern) { return (byte & pattern.mask) == pattern.bits; }
+FI_ U1 x8616_bit_field_exists    (X8616_BitField field)               { return field.width != 0; }
+FI_ U1 x8616_bit_field_extract   (U1 byte, X8616_BitField field)      { return (byte >> field.shift) & u1_((1u << field.width) - 1u); }
+FI_ U1 x8616_modrm_rm            (U1 modrm)                           { return (modrm & X8616_MODRM_RM_MASK)  >> X8616_MODRM_RM_SHIFT; }
+FI_ U1 x8616_modrm_reg           (U1 modrm)                           { return (modrm & X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK) >> X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT; }
+FI_ U1 x8616_modrm_mod           (U1 modrm)                           { return (modrm & X8616_MODRM_MOD_MASK) >> X8616_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT; }
+FI_ U1 x8616_modrm_sr            (U1 modrm)                           { return (modrm & X8616_MODRM_SR_MASK)  >> X8616_MODRM_SR_SHIFT; }
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Emission DSL
+// `enc_*` produces one encoded byte.
+// `emit_*` expands to one or more comma-separated bytes.
+//
+// Intended use:
+// RO_ global U1 code[] = {
+//     x8616_mov_r16_i(x8616_ax, 0x1234),
+//     x8616_mov_r16_r16(x8616_bx, x8616_ax),
+//     x8616_add_r16_r16(x8616_ax, x8616_bx),
+//     x8616_jne(-4),
+// };
+// ============================================================================
+
+// Shift opcode into the hole, then OR fields:
+// x8616_enc_dw(mov_rm_r, d, w)  →  100010 d w
+
+#define x8616_enc_dw_opcode(opcode)   ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_DW_HOLE)
+#define x8616_enc_sw_opcode(opcode)   ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_SW_HOLE)
+#define x8616_enc_vw_opcode(opcode)   ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_VW_HOLE)
+#define x8616_enc_z_opcode(opcode)    ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_Z_HOLE)
+#define x8616_enc_w_opcode(opcode)    ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE)
+#define x8616_enc_reg_opcode(opcode)  ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE)
+#define x8616_enc_wreg_opcode(opcode) ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_WREG_HOLE)
+#define x8616_enc_d0_opcode(opcode)   ((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_D0_HOLE)
+
+#define x8616_enc_d(d)          ((d)  << X8616_OPCODE_DW_D_SHIFT)
+#define x8616_enc_s(s)          ((s)  << X8616_OPCODE_SW_S_SHIFT)
+#define x8616_enc_v(v)          ((v)  << X8616_OPCODE_VW_V_SHIFT)
+#define x8616_enc_z(z)          ((z)  << X8616_OPCODE_Z_Z_SHIFT)
+#define x8616_enc_width(w)      ((w)  << X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT)
+#define x8616_enc_wreg_width(w) ((w)  << X8616_OPCODE_WREG_W_SHIFT)
+#define x8616_enc_reg_field(r)  ((r)  << X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_SHIFT)
+#define x8616_enc_sr_field(sr)  ((sr) << X8616_OPCODE_SR_SHIFT)
+#define x8616_enc_cc(cc)        ((cc) << X8616_OPCODE_CC_SHIFT)
+
+#define x8616_enc_modrm_mod(mod) ((mod) << X8616_MODRM_MOD_SHIFT)
+#define x8616_enc_modrm_reg(reg) ((reg) << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT)
+#define x8616_enc_modrm_rm(rm)   ((rm)  << X8616_MODRM_RM_SHIFT)
+#define x8616_enc_modrm_sr(sr)   ((sr)  << X8616_MODRM_SR_SHIFT)
+
+#define x8616_enc_dw(opcode,d,w)       C_(U1, x8616_enc_dw_opcode(opcode)   | x8616_enc_d(d)          | x8616_enc_width(w))
+#define x8616_enc_sw(opcode,s,w)       C_(U1, x8616_enc_sw_opcode(opcode)   | x8616_enc_s(s)          | x8616_enc_width(w))
+#define x8616_enc_vw(opcode,v,w)       C_(U1, x8616_enc_vw_opcode(opcode)   | x8616_enc_v(v)          | x8616_enc_width(w))
+#define x8616_enc_zp(opcode,z)         C_(U1, x8616_enc_z_opcode(opcode)    | x8616_enc_z(z))
+#define x8616_enc_w(opcode,w)          C_(U1, x8616_enc_w_opcode(opcode)    | x8616_enc_width(w))
+#define x8616_enc_reg(opcode,reg)      C_(U1, x8616_enc_reg_opcode(opcode)  | x8616_enc_reg_field(reg))
+#define x8616_enc_wreg(opcode,w,reg)   C_(U1, x8616_enc_wreg_opcode(opcode) | x8616_enc_wreg_width(w) | x8616_enc_reg_field(reg))
+#define x8616_enc_d0(opcode,d)         C_(U1, x8616_enc_d0_opcode(opcode)   | x8616_enc_d(d))
+#define x8616_enc_sr(class,sr,low)     C_(U1, ((class) << X8616_OPCODE_SR_CLASS_SHIFT) | x8616_enc_sr_field(sr) | (low))
+#define x8616_enc_jcc(cc)              C_(U1, (x8616_opcode_jcc << X8616_OPCODE_CC_HOLE) | x8616_enc_cc(cc))
+#define x8616_enc_modrm(mod,reg,rm)    C_(U1, x8616_enc_modrm_mod(mod) | x8616_enc_modrm_reg(reg) | x8616_enc_modrm_rm(rm))
+#define x8616_enc_modrm_seg(mod,sr,rm) C_(U1, x8616_enc_modrm_mod(mod) | x8616_enc_modrm_sr(sr)   | x8616_enc_modrm_rm(rm))
+
+// Catalog matchers. header_w: PUSH r/m is incdec_rm + w=1.
+// header_d0: MOV sreg 100011 d 0. header_sr: 000 sr 110.
+#define x8616_header_w(opcode,w)   ((X8616_BytePattern){ x8616_enc_w((opcode), (w)), X8616_BYTE_MASK })
+#define x8616_header_sr(class,low) ((X8616_BytePattern){ u1_(((class) << X8616_OPCODE_SR_CLASS_SHIFT) | (low)), X8616_OPCODE_SR_PATTERN_MASK })
+#define x8616_header_d0(opcode)    ((X8616_BytePattern){ u1_((opcode) << X8616_OPCODE_D0_HOLE), X8616_OPCODE_D0_OPCODE_MASK })
+
+// 00 ttt 0 d w   and   00 ttt 10 w. Class + ttt + form.
+#define x8616_enc_alu_class()              (X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS << X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS_SHIFT)
+#define x8616_enc_alu_ttt(ttt)             ((ttt) << X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_SHIFT)
+#define x8616_enc_alu_op(alu)              x8616_enc_alu_ttt(alu)
+#define x8616_enc_alu_rm_r(ttt,d,w)        C_(U1, x8616_enc_alu_class() | x8616_enc_alu_ttt(ttt) | (X8616_OPCODE_ALU_RM_FORM << X8616_OPCODE_ALU_BIT2_SHIFT) | x8616_enc_d(d) | x8616_enc_width(w))
+#define x8616_enc_alu_acc_i(ttt,w)         C_(U1, x8616_enc_alu_class() | x8616_enc_alu_ttt(ttt) | (X8616_OPCODE_ALU_ACC_FORM << X8616_OPCODE_ALU_ACC_FORM_SHIFT) | x8616_enc_width(w))
+
+// Scalar / generic packets
+
+#define x8616_emit_u2(value)              u2_lo(value), u2_hi(value)
+#define x8616_emit_s2(value)              x8616_emit_u2(value)
+#define x8616_emit_op(opcode)             u1_(opcode)
+#define x8616_emit_op_i8(opcode,imm)      u1_(opcode), u1_(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_op_i16(opcode,imm)     u1_(opcode), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_op_far(opcode,seg,off) u1_(opcode), x8616_emit_u2(off), x8616_emit_u2(seg)
+
+#define x8616_emit_modrm(header,mod,reg,rm)              u1_(header), x8616_enc_modrm(mod,reg,rm)
+#define x8616_emit_modrm_d8(header,reg,rm,disp)          x8616_emit_modrm    (header,x8616_mod_mem_d8,reg,rm),           u1_(disp)
+#define x8616_emit_modrm_d16(header,reg,rm,disp)         x8616_emit_modrm    (header,x8616_mod_mem_d16,reg,rm),          x8616_emit_s2(disp)
+#define x8616_emit_modrm_direct(header,reg,addr)         x8616_emit_modrm    (header,x8616_mod_mem,reg,x8616_ea_direct), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
+#define x8616_emit_modrm_i8(header,mod,reg,rm,imm)       x8616_emit_modrm    (header,mod,reg,rm),  u1_(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_modrm_i16(header,mod,reg,rm,imm)      x8616_emit_modrm    (header,mod,reg,rm),  x8616_emit_u2(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_modrm_d8_i8(header,reg,rm,disp,imm)   x8616_emit_modrm_d8 (header,reg,rm,disp), u1_(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_modrm_d8_i16(header,reg,rm,disp,imm)  x8616_emit_modrm_d8 (header,reg,rm,disp), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_modrm_d16_i8(header,reg,rm,disp,imm)  x8616_emit_modrm_d16(header,reg,rm,disp), u1_(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_modrm_d16_i16(header,reg,rm,disp,imm) x8616_emit_modrm_d16(header,reg,rm,disp), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
+
+// r/m + register / immediate packets
+
+#define x8616_emit_rm_r(opcode,d,w,mod,reg,rm)      x8616_enc_dw   (opcode,d,w), x8616_enc_modrm(mod,reg,rm)
+#define x8616_emit_rm_r_d8(opcode,d,w,reg,rm,disp)  x8616_emit_rm_r(opcode,d,w,x8616_mod_mem_d8, reg,rm),          u1_(disp)
+#define x8616_emit_rm_r_d16(opcode,d,w,reg,rm,disp) x8616_emit_rm_r(opcode,d,w,x8616_mod_mem_d16,reg,rm),          x8616_emit_s2(disp)
+#define x8616_emit_rm_r_direct(opcode,d,w,reg,addr) x8616_emit_rm_r(opcode,d,w,x8616_mod_mem,reg,x8616_ea_direct), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
+
+#define x8616_emit_rm_i8_w(opcode,ext,mod,rm,imm)       x8616_enc_w(opcode,x8616_w_byte), x8616_enc_modrm(mod,ext,rm), u1_(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_rm_i16_w(opcode,ext,mod,rm,imm)      x8616_enc_w(opcode,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(mod,ext,rm), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_rm_i8_w_d8(opcode,ext,rm,disp,imm)   x8616_enc_w(opcode,x8616_w_byte), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d8,ext,rm), u1_(disp), u1_(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_rm_i16_w_d8(opcode,ext,rm,disp,imm)  x8616_enc_w(opcode,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d8,ext,rm), u1_(disp), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_rm_i8_w_d16(opcode,ext,rm,disp,imm)  x8616_enc_w(opcode,x8616_w_byte), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d16,ext,rm), x8616_emit_s2(disp), u1_(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_rm_i16_w_d16(opcode,ext,rm,disp,imm) x8616_enc_w(opcode,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d16,ext,rm), x8616_emit_s2(disp), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
+
+#define x8616_emit_rm_i8(opcode,s,w,ext,mod,rm,imm)      x8616_enc_sw(opcode,s,w),                       x8616_enc_modrm(mod,ext,rm),               u1_(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_rm_i16(opcode,ext,mod,rm,imm)         x8616_enc_sw(opcode,x8616_s_full,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(mod,ext,rm),               x8616_emit_u2(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_rm_i8_d8(opcode,s,w,ext,rm,disp,imm)  x8616_enc_sw(opcode,s,w),                       x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d8,ext,rm),  u1_(disp), u1_(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_rm_i16_d8(opcode,ext,rm,disp,imm)     x8616_enc_sw(opcode,x8616_s_full,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d8,ext,rm),  u1_(disp), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_rm_i8_d16(opcode,s,w,ext,rm,disp,imm) x8616_enc_sw(opcode,s,w),                       x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d16,ext,rm), x8616_emit_s2(disp), u1_(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_rm_i16_d16(opcode,ext,rm,disp,imm)    x8616_enc_sw(opcode,x8616_s_full,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_mem_d16,ext,rm), x8616_emit_s2(disp), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
+
+// Segment-register packet
+
+#define x8616_emit_seg_rm(d,mod,sr,rm)      x8616_enc_d0(x8616_opcode_mov_seg_rm,d),               x8616_enc_modrm_seg(mod,sr,rm)
+#define x8616_emit_seg_rm_d8(d,sr,rm,disp)  x8616_emit_seg_rm(d,x8616_mod_mem_d8,sr,rm),           u1_(disp)
+#define x8616_emit_seg_rm_d16(d,sr,rm,disp) x8616_emit_seg_rm(d,x8616_mod_mem_d16,sr,rm),          x8616_emit_s2(disp)
+#define x8616_emit_seg_rm_direct(d,sr,addr) x8616_emit_seg_rm(d,x8616_mod_mem,sr,x8616_ea_direct), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
+
+// MOV — Table 4-12 100010 d w / 1011 w reg / 101000 d w / 100011 d 0
+
+#define x8616_nop()                 x8616_enc_reg    (x8616_opcode_xchg_ax_reg, x8616_ax) /* 10010 000 */
+#define x8616_mov_r8_r8(dst,src)    x8616_emit_rm_r  (x8616_opcode_mov_rm_r,x8616_d_reg_dst,x8616_w_byte,x8616_mod_reg,dst,src)
+#define x8616_mov_r16_r16(dst,src)  x8616_emit_rm_r  (x8616_opcode_mov_rm_r,x8616_d_reg_dst,x8616_w_word,x8616_mod_reg,dst,src)
+#define x8616_mov_r8_i(dst,imm)     x8616_enc_wreg   (x8616_opcode_mov_r_i,x8616_w_byte,dst),                 u1_(imm)
+#define x8616_mov_r16_i(dst,imm)    x8616_enc_wreg   (x8616_opcode_mov_r_i,x8616_w_word,dst),                 x8616_emit_u2(imm)
+#define x8616_mov_al_moffs(addr)    x8616_enc_dw     (x8616_opcode_mov_acc_mem,x8616_d_acc_dst,x8616_w_byte), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
+#define x8616_mov_ax_moffs(addr)    x8616_enc_dw     (x8616_opcode_mov_acc_mem,x8616_d_acc_dst,x8616_w_word), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
+#define x8616_mov_moffs_al(addr)    x8616_enc_dw     (x8616_opcode_mov_acc_mem,x8616_d_mem_dst,x8616_w_byte), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
+#define x8616_mov_moffs_ax(addr)    x8616_enc_dw     (x8616_opcode_mov_acc_mem,x8616_d_mem_dst,x8616_w_word), x8616_emit_u2(addr)
+#define x8616_mov_rm_seg(mod,rm,sr) x8616_emit_seg_rm(x8616_d_rm_dst,mod,sr,rm)
+#define x8616_mov_seg_rm(sr,mod,rm) x8616_emit_seg_rm(x8616_d_seg_dst,mod,sr,rm)
+
+// Stack — 01010 reg / 000 sr 110 / PUSH r/m = 1111111 w=1 /6
+
+#define x8616_push_r16(reg)   x8616_enc_reg   (x8616_opcode_push_reg,reg)
+#define x8616_pop_r16(reg)    x8616_enc_reg   (x8616_opcode_pop_reg,reg)
+#define x8616_push_seg(seg)   x8616_enc_sr    (x8616_opcode_sr_stack,seg,x8616_sr_low_push)
+#define x8616_pop_seg(seg)    x8616_enc_sr    (x8616_opcode_sr_stack,seg,x8616_sr_low_pop)
+#define x8616_push_rm(mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,x8616_w_word),mod,x8616_ff_push,rm)
+#define x8616_pop_rm(mod,rm)  x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_opcode_pop_rm,mod,x8616_digit_0,rm)
+
+#define x8616_xchg_r8_r8(a,b)   x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_xchg_rm_r,x8616_w_byte), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_reg,a,b)
+#define x8616_xchg_r16_r16(a,b) x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_xchg_rm_r,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_reg,a,b)
+#define x8616_xchg_ax_r16(reg)  x8616_enc_reg(x8616_opcode_xchg_ax_reg,reg)
+
+// I/O / address load
+
+#define x8616_in_al_i(port)  x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_in_i,x8616_w_byte), u1_(port)
+#define x8616_in_ax_i(port)  x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_in_i,x8616_w_word), u1_(port)
+#define x8616_in_al_dx()     x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_in_dx,x8616_w_byte)
+#define x8616_in_ax_dx()     x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_in_dx,x8616_w_word)
+#define x8616_out_i_al(port) x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_out_i,x8616_w_byte), u1_(port)
+#define x8616_out_i_ax(port) x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_out_i,x8616_w_word), u1_(port)
+#define x8616_out_dx_al()    x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_out_dx,x8616_w_byte)
+#define x8616_out_dx_ax()    x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_out_dx,x8616_w_word)
+
+#define x8616_xlat()          x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_xlat)
+#define x8616_lea(reg,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_opcode_lea,mod,reg,rm)
+#define x8616_lds(reg,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_opcode_lds,mod,reg,rm)
+#define x8616_les(reg,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_opcode_les,mod,reg,rm)
+#define x8616_lahf()          x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_lahf)
+#define x8616_sahf()          x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_sahf)
+#define x8616_pushf()         x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_pushf)
+#define x8616_popf()          x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_popf)
+
+// Arithmetic — 00 ttt 0 d w  /  00 ttt 10 w  /  100000 s w /ttt
+
+#define x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8(alu,dst,src)   x8616_enc_alu_rm_r (alu,x8616_d_reg_dst,x8616_w_byte), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_reg,dst,src)
+#define x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(alu,dst,src) x8616_enc_alu_rm_r (alu,x8616_d_reg_dst,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_reg,dst,src)
+#define x8616_emit_alu_r8_i(alu,dst,imm)    x8616_emit_rm_i8   (x8616_opcode_alu_rm_i,x8616_s_full,x8616_w_byte,alu,x8616_mod_reg,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_emit_alu_r16_i(alu,dst,imm)   x8616_emit_rm_i16  (x8616_opcode_alu_rm_i,alu,x8616_mod_reg,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_emit_alu_r16_i8s(alu,dst,imm) x8616_emit_rm_i8   (x8616_opcode_alu_rm_i,x8616_s_extend,x8616_w_word,alu,x8616_mod_reg,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_emit_logic_r8_i(alu,dst,imm)  x8616_emit_rm_i8   (x8616_opcode_alu_rm_i,x8616_s_full,x8616_w_byte,alu,x8616_mod_reg,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_emit_logic_r16_i(alu,dst,imm) x8616_emit_rm_i16  (x8616_opcode_alu_rm_i,alu,x8616_mod_reg,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_emit_alu_al_i(alu,imm)        x8616_enc_alu_acc_i(alu,x8616_w_byte), u1_(imm)
+#define x8616_emit_alu_ax_i(alu,imm)        x8616_enc_alu_acc_i(alu,x8616_w_word), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
+
+#define x8616_add_r8_r8(dst,src)   x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8  (x8616_add,dst,src)
+#define x8616_add_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_add,dst,src)
+#define x8616_or_r8_r8(dst,src)    x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8  (x8616_or,dst,src)
+#define x8616_or_r16_r16(dst,src)  x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_or,dst,src)
+#define x8616_adc_r8_r8(dst,src)   x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8  (x8616_adc,dst,src)
+#define x8616_adc_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_adc,dst,src)
+#define x8616_sbb_r8_r8(dst,src)   x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8  (x8616_sbb,dst,src)
+#define x8616_sbb_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_sbb,dst,src)
+#define x8616_and_r8_r8(dst,src)   x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8  (x8616_and,dst,src)
+#define x8616_and_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_and,dst,src)
+#define x8616_sub_r8_r8(dst,src)   x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8  (x8616_sub,dst,src)
+#define x8616_sub_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_sub,dst,src)
+#define x8616_xor_r8_r8(dst,src)   x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8  (x8616_xor,dst,src)
+#define x8616_xor_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_xor,dst,src)
+#define x8616_cmp_r8_r8(dst,src)   x8616_emit_alu_r8_r8  (x8616_cmp,dst,src)
+#define x8616_cmp_r16_r16(dst,src) x8616_emit_alu_r16_r16(x8616_cmp,dst,src)
+
+#define x8616_add_r8_i(dst,imm)    x8616_emit_alu_r8_i   (x8616_add,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_add_r16_i(dst,imm)   x8616_emit_alu_r16_i  (x8616_add,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_add_r16_i8s(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i8s(x8616_add,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_or_r8_i(dst,imm)     x8616_emit_logic_r8_i (x8616_or, dst,imm)
+#define x8616_or_r16_i(dst,imm)    x8616_emit_logic_r16_i(x8616_or, dst,imm)
+#define x8616_adc_r8_i(dst,imm)    x8616_emit_alu_r8_i   (x8616_adc,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_adc_r16_i(dst,imm)   x8616_emit_alu_r16_i  (x8616_adc,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_adc_r16_i8s(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i8s(x8616_adc,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_sbb_r8_i(dst,imm)    x8616_emit_alu_r8_i   (x8616_sbb,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_sbb_r16_i(dst,imm)   x8616_emit_alu_r16_i  (x8616_sbb,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_sbb_r16_i8s(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i8s(x8616_sbb,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_and_r8_i(dst,imm)    x8616_emit_logic_r8_i (x8616_and,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_and_r16_i(dst,imm)   x8616_emit_logic_r16_i(x8616_and,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_sub_r8_i(dst,imm)    x8616_emit_alu_r8_i   (x8616_sub,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_sub_r16_i(dst,imm)   x8616_emit_alu_r16_i  (x8616_sub,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_sub_r16_i8s(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i8s(x8616_sub,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_xor_r8_i(dst,imm)    x8616_emit_logic_r8_i (x8616_xor,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_xor_r16_i(dst,imm)   x8616_emit_logic_r16_i(x8616_xor,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_cmp_r8_i(dst,imm)    x8616_emit_alu_r8_i   (x8616_cmp,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_cmp_r16_i(dst,imm)   x8616_emit_alu_r16_i  (x8616_cmp,dst,imm)
+#define x8616_cmp_r16_i8s(dst,imm) x8616_emit_alu_r16_i8s(x8616_cmp,dst,imm)
+
+// INC/DEC — 01000 reg / 1111111 w /0 /1. Unary — 1111011 w /digit
+
+#define x8616_inc_r16(reg)     x8616_enc_reg(x8616_opcode_inc_reg,reg)
+#define x8616_dec_r16(reg)     x8616_enc_reg(x8616_opcode_dec_reg,reg)
+#define x8616_inc_rm(w,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,w),mod,x8616_inc,rm)
+#define x8616_dec_rm(w,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,w),mod,x8616_dec,rm)
+
+#define x8616_unary_rm(ext,w,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_group3,w),mod,ext,rm)
+#define x8616_not_rm(w,mod,rm)       x8616_unary_rm(x8616_g3_not,w,mod,rm)
+#define x8616_neg_rm(w,mod,rm)       x8616_unary_rm(x8616_g3_neg,w,mod,rm)
+#define x8616_mul_rm(w,mod,rm)       x8616_unary_rm(x8616_g3_mul,w,mod,rm)
+#define x8616_imul_rm(w,mod,rm)      x8616_unary_rm(x8616_g3_imul,w,mod,rm)
+#define x8616_div_rm(w,mod,rm)       x8616_unary_rm(x8616_g3_div,w,mod,rm)
+#define x8616_idiv_rm(w,mod,rm)      x8616_unary_rm(x8616_g3_idiv,w,mod,rm)
+
+#define x8616_aaa() x8616_emit_op   (x8616_opcode_aaa)
+#define x8616_daa() x8616_emit_op   (x8616_opcode_daa)
+#define x8616_aas() x8616_emit_op   (x8616_opcode_aas)
+#define x8616_das() x8616_emit_op   (x8616_opcode_das)
+#define x8616_aam() x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_aam,X8616_POST_OPCODE_AAM_AAD)
+#define x8616_aad() x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_aad,X8616_POST_OPCODE_AAM_AAD)
+#define x8616_cbw() x8616_emit_op   (x8616_opcode_cbw)
+#define x8616_cwd() x8616_emit_op   (x8616_opcode_cwd)
+
+// Shift — 110100 v w /ttt. TEST r/m,imm is group3 /0
+
+#define x8616_shift_rm(shift,v,w,mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_vw(x8616_opcode_shift_rm,v,w),mod,shift,rm)
+#define x8616_shl_r8_1(reg)              x8616_shift_rm(x8616_shl,x8616_v_one,x8616_w_byte,x8616_mod_reg,reg)
+#define x8616_shl_r16_1(reg)             x8616_shift_rm(x8616_shl,x8616_v_one,x8616_w_word,x8616_mod_reg,reg)
+#define x8616_shl_r8_cl(reg)             x8616_shift_rm(x8616_shl,x8616_v_cl,x8616_w_byte,x8616_mod_reg,reg)
+#define x8616_shl_r16_cl(reg)            x8616_shift_rm(x8616_shl,x8616_v_cl,x8616_w_word,x8616_mod_reg,reg)
+
+#define x8616_test_r8_r8(a,b)     x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_test_rm_r,x8616_w_byte), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_reg,b,a)
+#define x8616_test_r16_r16(a,b)   x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_test_rm_r,x8616_w_word), x8616_enc_modrm(x8616_mod_reg,b,a)
+#define x8616_test_r8_i(reg,imm)  x8616_emit_modrm_i8(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_group3,x8616_w_byte),x8616_mod_reg,x8616_g3_test,reg,imm)
+#define x8616_test_r16_i(reg,imm) x8616_emit_modrm_i16(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_group3,x8616_w_word),x8616_mod_reg,x8616_g3_test,reg,imm)
+#define x8616_test_al_i(imm)      x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_test_acc_i,x8616_w_byte), u1_(imm)
+#define x8616_test_ax_i(imm)      x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_test_acc_i,x8616_w_word), x8616_emit_u2(imm)
+
+// Prefix = prior byte: 1111001 z / 11110000 / 001 sr 110
+
+#define x8616_rep_prefix()        x8616_enc_zp (x8616_opcode_rep,x8616_rep)
+#define x8616_repne_prefix()      x8616_enc_zp (x8616_opcode_rep,x8616_repne)
+#define x8616_movsb()             x8616_enc_w  (x8616_opcode_movs,x8616_w_byte)
+#define x8616_movsw()             x8616_enc_w  (x8616_opcode_movs,x8616_w_word)
+#define x8616_cmpsb()             x8616_enc_w  (x8616_opcode_cmps,x8616_w_byte)
+#define x8616_cmpsw()             x8616_enc_w  (x8616_opcode_cmps,x8616_w_word)
+#define x8616_scasb()             x8616_enc_w  (x8616_opcode_scas,x8616_w_byte)
+#define x8616_scasw()             x8616_enc_w  (x8616_opcode_scas,x8616_w_word)
+#define x8616_lodsb()             x8616_enc_w  (x8616_opcode_lods,x8616_w_byte)
+#define x8616_lodsw()             x8616_enc_w  (x8616_opcode_lods,x8616_w_word)
+#define x8616_stosb()             x8616_enc_w  (x8616_opcode_stos,x8616_w_byte)
+#define x8616_stosw()             x8616_enc_w  (x8616_opcode_stos,x8616_w_word)
+#define x8616_lock_prefix()       x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_lock)
+#define x8616_segment_prefix(seg) x8616_enc_sr (x8616_opcode_sr_override,seg,x8616_sr_low_push)
+
+// CALL/JMP r/m — same 1111111 w=1 as INC r/m, /digit 010..101
+
+#define x8616_call_rel16(rel)     x8616_emit_op_i16(x8616_opcode_call_rel16,rel)
+#define x8616_call_far(seg,off)   x8616_emit_op_far(x8616_opcode_call_far,seg,off)
+#define x8616_call_rm(mod,rm)     x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,x8616_w_word),mod,x8616_ff_call_near,rm)
+#define x8616_call_far_rm(mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,x8616_w_word),mod,x8616_ff_call_far,rm)
+
+#define x8616_jmp_rel16(rel)     x8616_emit_op_i16(x8616_opcode_jmp_rel16,rel)
+#define x8616_jmp_rel8(rel)      x8616_emit_op_i8 (x8616_opcode_jmp_rel8,rel)
+#define x8616_jmp_far(seg,off)   x8616_emit_op_far(x8616_opcode_jmp_far,seg,off)
+#define x8616_jmp_rm(mod,rm)     x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,x8616_w_word),mod,x8616_ff_jmp_near,rm)
+#define x8616_jmp_far_rm(mod,rm) x8616_emit_modrm(x8616_enc_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm,x8616_w_word),mod,x8616_ff_jmp_far,rm)
+
+#define x8616_ret()         x8616_emit_op    (x8616_opcode_ret)
+#define x8616_ret_i(bytes)  x8616_emit_op_i16(x8616_opcode_ret_i,bytes)
+#define x8616_retf()        x8616_emit_op    (x8616_opcode_retf)
+#define x8616_retf_i(bytes) x8616_emit_op_i16(x8616_opcode_retf_i,bytes)
+
+#define x8616_jcc(cc,rel) x8616_enc_jcc(cc), u1_(rel)
+#define x8616_jo(rel)     x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_o,rel)
+#define x8616_jno(rel)    x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_no,rel)
+#define x8616_jb(rel)     x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_b,rel)
+#define x8616_jnb(rel)    x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_nb,rel)
+#define x8616_je(rel)     x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_e,rel)
+#define x8616_jne(rel)    x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_ne,rel)
+#define x8616_jbe(rel)    x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_be,rel)
+#define x8616_ja(rel)     x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_a,rel)
+#define x8616_js(rel)     x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_s,rel)
+#define x8616_jns(rel)    x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_ns,rel)
+#define x8616_jp(rel)     x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_p,rel)
+#define x8616_jnp(rel)    x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_np,rel)
+#define x8616_jl(rel)     x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_l,rel)
+#define x8616_jnl(rel)    x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_nl,rel)
+#define x8616_jle(rel)    x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_le,rel)
+#define x8616_jg(rel)     x8616_jcc(x8616_cc_g,rel)
+
+#define x8616_loopnz(rel) x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_loopnz,rel)
+#define x8616_loopz(rel)  x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_loopz,rel)
+#define x8616_loop(rel)   x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_loop,rel)
+#define x8616_jcxz(rel)   x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_jcxz,rel)
+
+// Interrupt / flags / machine control
+
+#define x8616_int(vector) x8616_emit_op_i8(x8616_opcode_int,vector)
+#define x8616_int3()      x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_int3)
+#define x8616_into()      x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_into)
+#define x8616_iret()      x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_iret)
+#define x8616_clc()       x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_clc)
+#define x8616_cmc()       x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_cmc)
+#define x8616_stc()       x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_stc)
+#define x8616_cld()       x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_cld)
+#define x8616_std()       x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_std)
+#define x8616_cli()       x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_cli)
+#define x8616_sti()       x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_sti)
+#define x8616_hlt()       x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_hlt)
+#define x8616_wait()      x8616_emit_op(x8616_opcode_wait)

code/8086/encoder_table.h

@@ -0,0 +1,802 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	pragma once
+#	include "encoder.h"
+#endif
+
+// =========================================================================================
+// Encoding Table
+//
+// Part 1 target: the instruction cross-section exercised by Computer Enhance listing 0042.
+// Later Part 1 simulation listings use a subset of this table.
+//
+// Table 4-12: .header is byte 1 (opcode bits aligned, fields masked).
+// X8616_Opcode members are the identifying bits.
+// ModR/M /digit selectors use their encoded enumeration values.
+// =========================================================================================
+
+RO_ global X8616_Encoding x8616_encodings[] =
+{
+	// MOV---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/* MOV: 100010 d w | mod reg r/m */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_mov_rm_r, X8616_OPCODE_DW_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.d = { X8616_OPCODE_DW_D_SHIFT, 1 },
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_DW_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm, x8616_operand_reg_modrm },
+		.op = x8616_op_mov,
+	},
+
+	/* MOV imm -> r/m: 1100011 w | mod 000 r/m */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_mov_rm_i, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_digit_0 << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm, x8616_operand_imm },
+		.op = x8616_op_mov,
+	},
+
+	/* MOV imm -> reg: 1011 w reg */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_mov_r_i, X8616_OPCODE_WREG_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_WREG_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+			.reg = { X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_WREG_REG_WIDTH },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_reg_opcode, x8616_operand_imm },
+		.op = x8616_op_mov,
+	},
+
+	/* MOV accumulator <-> direct memory: 101000 d w */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_mov_acc_mem, X8616_OPCODE_DW_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.d = { X8616_OPCODE_DW_D_SHIFT, 1 },
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_DW_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_acc, x8616_operand_mem_direct },
+		.op = x8616_op_mov,
+	},
+
+	/* MOV segment <-> r/m: 100011 d 0 | mod 0 sr r/m */ {
+		.header = x8616_header_d0(x8616_opcode_mov_seg_rm),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = 0,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_SEG_FIXED_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.d = { X8616_OPCODE_D0_D_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm, x8616_operand_segment_modrm },
+		.width = x8616_width_word,
+		.op = x8616_op_mov,
+	},
+
+	// Stack / exchange--------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/* PUSH r/m16: 1111111 w=1 | mod 110 r/m */ {
+		.header = x8616_header_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm, x8616_w_word),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_ff_push << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.width = x8616_width_word,
+		.op = x8616_op_push,
+	},
+
+	/* PUSH reg16: 01010 reg */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_push_reg, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.reg = { X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_WIDTH },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_reg_opcode },
+		.width    = x8616_width_word,
+		.op       = x8616_op_push,
+	},
+
+	/* POP reg16: 01011 reg */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_pop_reg, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.reg = { X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_WIDTH },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_reg_opcode },
+		.width    = x8616_width_word,
+		.op       = x8616_op_pop,
+	},
+
+	/* PUSH segment: 000 sr 110 */ {
+		.header = x8616_header_sr(x8616_opcode_sr_stack, x8616_sr_low_push),
+		.fields = {
+			.sr = { X8616_OPCODE_SR_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_SR_WIDTH },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_segment_opcode },
+		.width = x8616_width_word,
+		.op = x8616_op_push,
+	},
+
+	/* POP r/m16: 10001111 | mod 000 r/m */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_pop_rm),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_digit_0 << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.width = x8616_width_word,
+		.op = x8616_op_pop,
+	},
+
+
+
+	/* POP segment: 000 sr 111 */ {
+		.header = x8616_header_sr(x8616_opcode_sr_stack, x8616_sr_low_pop),
+		.fields = {
+			.sr = { X8616_OPCODE_SR_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_SR_WIDTH },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_segment_opcode },
+		.width = x8616_width_word,
+		.op = x8616_op_pop,
+	},
+
+	/* XCHG r/m,reg: 1000011 w | mod reg r/m */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_xchg_rm_r, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_reg_modrm, x8616_operand_rm },
+		.op = x8616_op_xchg,
+	},
+
+	/* XCHG AX,reg16: 10010 reg (also encodes NOP at reg=AX) */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_xchg_ax_reg, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.reg = { X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_WIDTH },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_acc, x8616_operand_reg_opcode },
+		.width = x8616_width_word,
+		.op = x8616_op_xchg,
+	},
+
+	// I/O / address / flags---------------------------------------------------
+
+	/* IN acc,imm8: 1110 0 10 w */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_in_i, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_acc, x8616_operand_imm8 },
+		.op = x8616_op_in,
+	},
+
+	/* IN acc,DX: 1110 1 10 w */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_in_dx, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_acc, x8616_operand_dx },
+		.op = x8616_op_in,
+	},
+
+	/* OUT imm8,acc: 1110 0 11 w */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_out_i, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_imm8, x8616_operand_acc },
+		.op = x8616_op_out,
+	},
+
+	/* OUT DX,acc: 1110 1 11 w */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_out_dx, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_dx, x8616_operand_acc },
+		.op = x8616_op_out,
+	},
+
+	/* XLAT */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_xlat),
+		.op = x8616_op_xlat,
+	},
+
+	/* LEA: mod reg r/m */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_lea),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_reg_modrm, x8616_operand_rm },
+		.width = x8616_width_word,
+		.op = x8616_op_lea,
+	},
+
+	/* LDS: mod reg r/m */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_lds),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_reg_modrm, x8616_operand_rm },
+		.width = x8616_width_word,
+		.op = x8616_op_lds,
+	},
+
+	/* LES: mod reg r/m */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_les),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_reg_modrm, x8616_operand_rm },
+		.width = x8616_width_word,
+		.op = x8616_op_les,
+	},
+
+	/* LAHF */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_lahf),
+		.op = x8616_op_lahf,
+	},
+
+	/* SAHF */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_sahf),
+		.op = x8616_op_sahf,
+	},
+
+	/* PUSHF */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_pushf),
+		.op = x8616_op_pushf,
+	},
+
+	/* POPF */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_popf),
+		.op = x8616_op_popf,
+	},
+
+	// Arithmetic / logical----------------------------------------------------
+	// 00 ttt 0 d w  |  00 ttt 10 w  |  100000 s w /ttt
+
+	/* ALU r/m,reg: 00 ttt 0 d w */ {
+		.header = {
+			.bits = x8616_enc_alu_class(),
+			.mask = x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS_WIDTH)
+			      | x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_ALU_BIT2_SHIFT, 1),
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.alu = { X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_WIDTH },
+			.d   = { X8616_OPCODE_DW_D_SHIFT, 1 },
+			.w   = { X8616_OPCODE_DW_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm, x8616_operand_reg_modrm },
+		.op = x8616_op_invalid,
+	},
+
+
+	/* ALU acc,imm: 00 ttt 10 w */ {
+		.header = {
+			.bits = x8616_enc_alu_class() | (X8616_OPCODE_ALU_ACC_FORM << X8616_OPCODE_ALU_ACC_FORM_SHIFT),
+			.mask = x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_ALU_CLASS_WIDTH)
+			      | x8616_field_mask(X8616_OPCODE_ALU_ACC_FORM_SHIFT, 2),
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.alu = { X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_ALU_TTT_WIDTH },
+			.w   = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_acc, x8616_operand_imm },
+		.op = x8616_op_invalid,
+	},
+
+	/* ALU imm,r/m: 100000 s w /ttt */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_alu_rm_i, X8616_OPCODE_SW_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.s = { X8616_OPCODE_SW_S_SHIFT, 1 },
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_SW_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands   = { x8616_operand_rm, x8616_operand_imm },
+		.digit_kind = x8616_digit_alu,
+		.op         = x8616_op_invalid,
+	},
+
+
+	// INC / DEC / unary / adjust---------------------------------------------
+
+	/* INC r/m: 1111111 w /0 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_inc << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.op = x8616_op_inc,
+	},
+
+	/* INC reg16: 01000 reg */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_inc_reg, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.reg = { X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_WIDTH },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_reg_opcode },
+		.width    = x8616_width_word,
+		.op       = x8616_op_inc,
+	},
+
+	/* DEC reg16: 01001 reg */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_dec_reg, X8616_OPCODE_REG_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.reg = { X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_REG_REG_WIDTH },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_reg_opcode },
+		.width    = x8616_width_word,
+		.op       = x8616_op_dec,
+	},
+
+	/* AAA */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_aaa),
+		.op = x8616_op_aaa,
+	},
+
+	/* DAA */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_daa),
+		.op = x8616_op_daa,
+	},
+
+	/* DEC r/m: 1111111 w /1 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_dec << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.op = x8616_op_dec,
+	},
+
+
+
+	/* NEG r/m: 1111011 w /neg */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_group3, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_g3_neg << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.op = x8616_op_neg,
+	},
+
+	/* MUL r/m: 1111011 w /mul */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_group3, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_g3_mul << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.op = x8616_op_mul,
+	},
+
+	/* IMUL r/m: 1111011 w /imul */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_group3, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_g3_imul << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.op = x8616_op_imul,
+	},
+
+	/* DIV r/m: 1111011 w /div */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_group3, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_g3_div << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.op = x8616_op_div,
+	},
+
+	/* IDIV r/m: 1111011 w /idiv */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_group3, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_g3_idiv << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.op = x8616_op_idiv,
+	},
+
+	/* NOT r/m: 1111011 w /not */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_group3, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_g3_not << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.op = x8616_op_not,
+	},
+
+	/* AAS */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_aas),
+		.op = x8616_op_aas,
+	},
+
+	/* DAS */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_das),
+		.op = x8616_op_das,
+	},
+
+	/* AAM: 11010100 00001010 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_aam),
+		.post_opcode = {
+			.bits = X8616_POST_OPCODE_AAM_AAD,
+			.mask = X8616_BYTE_MASK,
+		},
+		.op = x8616_op_aam,
+	},
+
+	/* AAD: 11010101 00001010 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_aad),
+		.post_opcode = {
+			.bits = X8616_POST_OPCODE_AAM_AAD,
+			.mask = X8616_BYTE_MASK,
+		},
+		.op = x8616_op_aad,
+	},
+
+	/* CBW */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_cbw),
+		.op = x8616_op_cbw,
+	},
+
+	/* CWD */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_cwd),
+		.op = x8616_op_cwd,
+	},
+
+	// Shift / rotate / TEST---------------------------------------------------
+
+	/* SHIFT/ROTATE r/m,1|CL: 110100 v w /ttt */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_shift_rm, X8616_OPCODE_VW_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.v = { X8616_OPCODE_VW_V_SHIFT, 1 },
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_VW_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands   = { x8616_operand_rm, x8616_operand_shift_count },
+		.digit_kind = x8616_digit_shift,
+		.op         = x8616_op_invalid,
+	},
+
+
+	/* TEST r/m,reg: 1000010 w */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_test_rm_r, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm, x8616_operand_reg_modrm },
+		.op = x8616_op_test,
+	},
+
+	/* TEST r/m,imm: 1111011 w /0 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_group3, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_g3_test << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm, x8616_operand_imm },
+		.op = x8616_op_test,
+	},
+
+	/* TEST accumulator,imm: 1010100 w */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_test_acc_i, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_acc, x8616_operand_imm },
+		.op = x8616_op_test,
+	},
+
+	// String / prefixes-------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/* REP/REPNE prefix: 1111001 z */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_rep, X8616_OPCODE_Z_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.z = { X8616_OPCODE_Z_Z_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.flags = x8616_encoding_prefix,
+		.op = x8616_op_rep,
+	},
+
+	/* MOVS: ... w */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_movs, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.op = x8616_op_movs,
+	},
+
+	/* CMPS: ... w */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_cmps, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.op = x8616_op_cmps,
+	},
+
+	/* SCAS: ... w */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_scas, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.op = x8616_op_scas,
+	},
+
+	/* LODS: ... w */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_lods, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.op = x8616_op_lods,
+	},
+
+	/* STOS: ... w */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_stos, X8616_OPCODE_W_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.op = x8616_op_stos,
+	},
+
+	/* LOCK prefix */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_lock),
+		.flags = x8616_encoding_prefix,
+		.op = x8616_op_lock,
+	},
+
+	/* Segment override: 001 sr 110 */ {
+		.header = x8616_header_sr(x8616_opcode_sr_override, x8616_sr_low_push),
+		.fields = {
+			.sr = { X8616_OPCODE_SR_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_SR_WIDTH },
+		},
+		.flags = x8616_encoding_prefix,
+		.op = x8616_op_segment,
+	},
+
+	// Control transfer--------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/* CALL rel16 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_call_rel16),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rel16 },
+		.op = x8616_op_call,
+	},
+
+	/* CALL r/m16: FF /2 */ {
+		.header = x8616_header_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm, x8616_w_word),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_ff_call_near << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.width = x8616_width_word,
+		.op = x8616_op_call,
+	},
+
+	/* CALL far ptr16:16 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_call_far),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_far_ptr },
+		.flags = x8616_encoding_far,
+		.op = x8616_op_call,
+	},
+
+	/* CALL far r/m16: FF /3 */ {
+		.header = x8616_header_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm, x8616_w_word),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_ff_call_far << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.width = x8616_width_word,
+		.flags = x8616_encoding_far,
+		.op = x8616_op_call,
+	},
+
+	/* JMP rel16 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_jmp_rel16),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rel16 },
+		.op = x8616_op_jmp,
+	},
+
+	/* JMP rel8 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_jmp_rel8),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rel8 },
+		.op = x8616_op_jmp,
+	},
+
+	/* JMP r/m16: FF /4 */ {
+		.header = x8616_header_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm, x8616_w_word),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_ff_jmp_near << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.width = x8616_width_word,
+		.op = x8616_op_jmp,
+	},
+
+	/* JMP far ptr16:16 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_jmp_far),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_far_ptr },
+		.flags = x8616_encoding_far,
+		.op = x8616_op_jmp,
+	},
+
+	/* JMP far r/m16: FF /5 */ {
+		.header = x8616_header_w(x8616_opcode_incdec_rm, x8616_w_word),
+		.mod_rm = {
+			.bits = x8616_ff_jmp_far << X8616_MODRM_REG_SHIFT,
+			.mask = X8616_MODRM_REG_MASK,
+		},
+		.fields = {
+			.w = { X8616_OPCODE_W_W_SHIFT, 1 },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rm },
+		.width = x8616_width_word,
+		.flags = x8616_encoding_far,
+		.op = x8616_op_jmp,
+	},
+
+	/* RET */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_ret),
+		.op = x8616_op_ret,
+	},
+
+	/* RET imm16 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_ret_i),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_imm16 },
+		.op = x8616_op_ret,
+	},
+
+	/* RETF */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_retf),
+		.op = x8616_op_retf,
+	},
+
+	/* RETF imm16 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_retf_i),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_imm16 },
+		.op = x8616_op_retf,
+	},
+
+	/* Jcc rel8: 0111 cccc */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc(x8616_opcode_jcc, X8616_OPCODE_CC_HOLE),
+		.fields = {
+			.cc = { X8616_OPCODE_CC_SHIFT, X8616_OPCODE_CC_WIDTH },
+		},
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rel8 },
+		.op = x8616_op_invalid,
+	},
+
+
+	/* LOOPNZ rel8 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_loopnz),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rel8 },
+		.op = x8616_op_loopnz,
+	},
+
+	/* LOOPZ rel8 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_loopz),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rel8 },
+		.op = x8616_op_loopz,
+	},
+
+	/* LOOP rel8 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_loop),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rel8 },
+		.op = x8616_op_loop,
+	},
+
+	/* JCXZ rel8 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_jcxz),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_rel8 },
+		.op = x8616_op_jcxz,
+	},
+
+	// Interrupt / machine control--------------------------------------------
+
+	/* INT imm8 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_int),
+		.operands = { x8616_operand_imm8 },
+		.op = x8616_op_int,
+	},
+
+	/* INT3 */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_int3),
+		.op = x8616_op_int3,
+	},
+
+	/* INTO */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_into),
+		.op = x8616_op_into,
+	},
+
+	/* IRET */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_iret),
+		.op = x8616_op_iret,
+	},
+
+	/* CLC */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_clc),
+		.op = x8616_op_clc,
+	},
+
+	/* CMC */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_cmc),
+		.op = x8616_op_cmc,
+	},
+
+	/* STC */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_stc),
+		.op = x8616_op_stc,
+	},
+
+	/* CLD */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_cld),
+		.op = x8616_op_cld,
+	},
+
+	/* STD */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_std),
+		.op = x8616_op_std,
+	},
+
+	/* CLI */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_cli),
+		.op = x8616_op_cli,
+	},
+
+	/* STI */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_sti),
+		.op = x8616_op_sti,
+	},
+
+	/* HLT */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_hlt),
+		.op = x8616_op_hlt,
+	},
+
+	/* WAIT */ {
+		.header = x8616_opc_byte(x8616_opcode_wait),
+		.op = x8616_op_wait,
+	},
+
+};
+
+enum {
+	X8616_ENCODING_COUNT = S_(x8616_encodings) / S_(x8616_encodings[0]),
+};

code/8086/gen/decoder_table.h

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+// Generated from encoder_table.h. Do not hand-edit.
+// Plan 0 is a nil/invalid entry.
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	include "dsl.h"
+#endif
+
+RO_ global X8616_DecodePlan x8616_decode_plans[90] =
+{
+	{ 0x0000, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x041a, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x02}, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x07}, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0110, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, {0x03, 0x07}, 2, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0018, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, {0x06, 0x0a}, 2, 4, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x040a, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, {0x01, 0x04}, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x20}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x02, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x30, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0100, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x02, {0x03, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0100, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x02, {0x03, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0200, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x02, {0x05, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0402, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x02, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0200, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x02, {0x05, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x00, {0x02, 0x01}, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0100, 0x0d, 0x00, 0x02, {0x06, 0x03}, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0010, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x00, {0x06, 0x08}, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0010, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x00, {0x06, 0x0e}, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0010, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, {0x08, 0x06}, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0010, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00, {0x0e, 0x06}, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0402, 0x11, 0x00, 0x02, {0x02, 0x01}, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0402, 0x12, 0x00, 0x02, {0x02, 0x01}, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0402, 0x13, 0x00, 0x02, {0x02, 0x01}, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x15, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x16, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x17, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x141a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x02}, 2, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 3, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x1010, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, {0x06, 0x07}, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 3, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0432, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x07}, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 1, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0100, 0x18, 0x00, 0x02, {0x03, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0100, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x02, {0x03, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x19, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x08, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x18, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x20, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x28, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x22, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x30, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x38, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x27, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x10, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x1d, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0004, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x0a, 0xff}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0004, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x0a, 0xff}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x25, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x26, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0452, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x0f}, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 2, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x2f, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x02}, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x2f, 0x00, 0x00, {0x01, 0x07}, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0010, 0x2f, 0x00, 0x00, {0x06, 0x07}, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0880, 0x30, 0x02, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0010, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0010, 0x32, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0010, 0x33, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0010, 0x34, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0010, 0x35, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0800, 0x5b, 0x02, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0a00, 0x5c, 0x02, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, {0x0c, 0x00}, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x36, 0x00, 0x02, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x10, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x36, 0x01, 0x00, {0x0d, 0x00}, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x36, 0x01, 0x02, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x18, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x37, 0x00, 0x00, {0x0c, 0x00}, 1, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x37, 0x00, 0x00, {0x0b, 0x00}, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x37, 0x00, 0x02, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x20, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x37, 0x01, 0x00, {0x0d, 0x00}, 1, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0412, 0x37, 0x01, 0x02, {0x01, 0x00}, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x28, 0x38}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, {0x09, 0x00}, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x39, 0x00, 0x00, {0x09, 0x00}, 1, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x2000, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, {0x0b, 0x00}, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x4c, 0x00, 0x00, {0x0b, 0x00}, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x4b, 0x00, 0x00, {0x0b, 0x00}, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x4a, 0x00, 0x00, {0x0b, 0x00}, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x4d, 0x00, 0x00, {0x0b, 0x00}, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x4e, 0x00, 0x00, {0x08, 0x00}, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x4f, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x50, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x51, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x52, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x53, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x54, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x55, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x56, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x57, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x58, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x59, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+	{ 0x0000, 0x5a, 0x00, 0x00, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, {0x00, 0x00}, {0x00, 0x00}, 0, 0, 0, },
+};
+
+RO_ global U2 x8616_decode_dispatch[256] =
+{
+	0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001b, 0x001b, 0x0009, 0x000b, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001b, 0x001b, 0x0009, 0x000b,
+	0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001b, 0x001b, 0x0009, 0x000b, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001b, 0x001b, 0x0009, 0x000b,
+	0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001b, 0x001b, 0x003a, 0x0021, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001b, 0x001b, 0x003a, 0x002a,
+	0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001b, 0x001b, 0x003a, 0x0020, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001a, 0x001b, 0x001b, 0x003a, 0x0029,
+	0x001e, 0x001e, 0x001e, 0x001e, 0x001e, 0x001e, 0x001e, 0x001e, 0x001f, 0x001f, 0x001f, 0x001f, 0x001f, 0x001f, 0x001f, 0x001f,
+	0x0007, 0x0007, 0x0007, 0x0007, 0x0007, 0x0007, 0x0007, 0x0007, 0x0008, 0x0008, 0x0008, 0x0008, 0x0008, 0x0008, 0x0008, 0x0008,
+	0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
+	0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048, 0x0048,
+	0x001c, 0x001c, 0x001c, 0x001c, 0x0030, 0x0030, 0x000c, 0x000c, 0x0001, 0x0001, 0x0001, 0x0001, 0x0005, 0x0013, 0x0005, 0x000a,
+	0x000d, 0x000d, 0x000d, 0x000d, 0x000d, 0x000d, 0x000d, 0x000d, 0x002d, 0x002e, 0x003d, 0x0059, 0x0018, 0x0019, 0x0017, 0x0016,
+	0x0004, 0x0004, 0x0004, 0x0004, 0x0034, 0x0034, 0x0035, 0x0035, 0x0032, 0x0032, 0x0038, 0x0038, 0x0037, 0x0037, 0x0036, 0x0036,
+	0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003, 0x0003,
+	0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0045, 0x0044, 0x0015, 0x0014, 0x0002, 0x0002, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0047, 0x0046, 0x004e, 0x004d, 0x004f, 0x0050,
+	0x002f, 0x002f, 0x002f, 0x002f, 0x002b, 0x002c, 0x0000, 0x0012, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000,
+	0x0049, 0x004a, 0x004b, 0x004c, 0x000e, 0x000e, 0x0010, 0x0010, 0x003b, 0x003f, 0x0042, 0x0040, 0x000f, 0x000f, 0x0011, 0x0011,
+	0x0039, 0x0000, 0x0033, 0x0033, 0x0058, 0x0052, 0x8000, 0x8100, 0x0051, 0x0053, 0x0056, 0x0057, 0x0054, 0x0055, 0x8200, 0x8300,
+};
+
+RO_ global U1 x8616_decode_aux[1024] =
+{
+	0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23,
+	0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25,
+	0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27,
+	0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23,
+	0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25,
+	0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27,
+	0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23,
+	0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25,
+	0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27,
+	0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23,
+	0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25,
+	0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27,
+	0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23,
+	0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25,
+	0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27,
+	0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23,
+	0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25,
+	0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27,
+	0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23,
+	0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25,
+	0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27,
+	0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x28, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23, 0x23,
+	0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25, 0x25,
+	0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27, 0x27,
+	0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,
+	0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e,
+	0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43,
+	0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,
+	0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e,
+	0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43,
+	0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,
+	0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e,
+	0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43,
+	0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22,
+	0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e, 0x3e,
+	0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43, 0x43,
+	0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+};
+
+enum {
+ 	X8616_DECODE_PLAN_COUNT = 90,
+ 	X8616_DECODE_AUX_COUNT = 1024, 
+};

code/8086/info.h

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	pragma once
+#	include "duffle/dsl.h"
+#	include "duffle/memory.h"
+#	include "duffle/text.h"
+#endif
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_InfoKind) {
+	x8616_info_note    = 0x0,
+	x8616_info_warning = 0x1,
+	x8616_info_error   = 0x2,
+};
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_InfoCode) {
+	x8616_info_none                     = 0x00,
+
+	x8616_info_invalid_opcode           = 0x01,
+	x8616_info_invalid_opcode_extension = 0x02,
+	x8616_info_invalid_post_opcode      = 0x03,
+	x8616_info_truncated_instruction    = 0x04,
+	x8616_info_output_full              = 0x05,
+
+	x8616_info_gen_multiple_payloads    = 0x06,
+	x8616_info_gen_body_cap_exceeded    = 0x07,
+	x8616_info_gen_aux_cap_exceeded     = 0x08,
+	x8616_info_gen_ambiguous_decode     = 0x09,
+	x8616_info_gen_dispatch_mismatch    = 0x0A,
+
+	x8616_info_serialize_bad_request      = 0x0B,
+	x8616_info_serialize_invalid_record   = 0x0C,
+	x8616_info_serialize_unsupported_form = 0x0D,
+	x8616_info_serialize_output_full      = 0x0E,
+
+	x8616_info_parse_bad_request          = 0x0F,
+	x8616_info_parse_syntax               = 0x10,
+	x8616_info_parse_unknown_mnemonic     = 0x11,
+	x8616_info_parse_output_full          = 0x12,
+	x8616_info_parse_invalid_record       = 0x13,
+	x8616_info_parse_unsupported_form     = 0x14,
+
+	x8616_info_encode_bad_request         = 0x15,
+	x8616_info_encode_invalid_record      = 0x16,
+	x8616_info_encode_output_full         = 0x17,
+
+	x8616_info_count,
+};
+
+/* The hot path stores structured diagnostic facts only.
+   Human-readable text is a projection of those facts. */
+typedef Struct_(X8616_InfoMsg) {
+	X8616_InfoMsg* next;
+	X8616_InfoKind kind;
+	X8616_InfoCode code;
+	U2   source_size;
+	U4   source_offset;
+	U4   expected;
+	U4   actual;
+	Str8 text;
+};
+
+/* Static templates use the same <identifier> vocabulary as Duffle's str8_fmt_ktl_buf path.
+   The decoder itself never expands these. */
+RO_ global Str8 x8616_info_templates[x8616_info_count] = {
+	[x8616_info_none]                       = slit8(""),
+	[x8616_info_invalid_opcode]             = slit8("Header <actual> is not in the Part 1 8086 decode table at <offset>."),
+	[x8616_info_invalid_opcode_extension]   = slit8("Opcode extension <actual> does not match the selected encoding at <offset>."),
+	[x8616_info_invalid_post_opcode]        = slit8("Post-opcode byte <actual> does not match expected <expected> at <offset>."),
+	[x8616_info_truncated_instruction]      = slit8("Instruction at <offset> needs <expected> bytes; <actual> are available."),
+	[x8616_info_output_full]                = slit8("Decoded-instruction output is full: capacity <expected>, produced <actual>."),
+	[x8616_info_gen_multiple_payloads]      = slit8("Encoding <offset> describes more than one stream payload."),
+	[x8616_info_gen_body_cap_exceeded]      = slit8("Encoding <offset> requires <actual> body bytes; decoder body capacity is <expected>."),
+	[x8616_info_gen_aux_cap_exceeded]       = slit8("Generated auxiliary decode table exceeds capacity <expected>."),
+	[x8616_info_gen_ambiguous_decode]       = slit8("Decode is ambiguous for header/second-byte key <offset>: plans <expected> and <actual>."),
+	[x8616_info_gen_dispatch_mismatch]      = slit8("Generated dispatch mismatch for header/second-byte key <offset>: expected <expected>, actual <actual>."),
+	[x8616_info_serialize_bad_request]      = slit8("Serialize request is missing instructions, output, scratch, or info arena."),
+	[x8616_info_serialize_invalid_record]   = slit8("Serialize record <offset> is not printable (op <actual>)."),
+	[x8616_info_serialize_unsupported_form] = slit8("Serialize record <offset> has an unsupported display form (op <actual>)."),
+	[x8616_info_serialize_output_full]      = slit8("Serialize output is full at record <offset>: capacity <expected>, produced <actual>."),
+	[x8616_info_parse_bad_request]          = slit8("Parse request is missing source, output, or info arena."),
+	[x8616_info_parse_syntax]               = slit8("Parse syntax error at <offset>."),
+	[x8616_info_parse_unknown_mnemonic]     = slit8("Unknown mnemonic at <offset>."),
+	[x8616_info_parse_output_full]          = slit8("Parse output is full: capacity <expected>, produced <actual>."),
+	[x8616_info_parse_invalid_record]       = slit8("Parse record at <offset> is not a valid instruction (op <actual>)."),
+	[x8616_info_parse_unsupported_form]     = slit8("Parse record at <offset> has an unsupported form (op <actual>)."),
+	[x8616_info_encode_bad_request]         = slit8("Encode request is missing instructions, output, or info arena."),
+	[x8616_info_encode_invalid_record]      = slit8("Encode record <offset> is invalid or truncated (op <actual>)."),
+	[x8616_info_encode_output_full]         = slit8("Encode output is full at record <offset>: capacity <expected>, produced <actual>."),
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_InfoList) {
+	X8616_InfoMsg* first;
+	X8616_InfoMsg* last;
+	U4 count;
+	U4 error_count;
+	U4 warning_count;
+	U4 dropped_count;
+};
+
+I_ Str8 x8616_info_template(X8616_InfoCode code) { return code < x8616_info_count ? x8616_info_templates[code] : x8616_info_templates[x8616_info_none]; }
+
+FI_ void x8616_info_push(FArena_R scratch
+	, X8616_InfoList_R msgs
+	, X8616_InfoKind   kind
+	, X8616_InfoCode   code
+	, U4               source_offset
+	, U2               source_size
+	, U4               expected
+	, U4               actual
+){
+	assert(scratch != nullptr);
+	msgs->count         += 1;
+	msgs->error_count   += kind == x8616_info_error;
+	msgs->warning_count += kind == x8616_info_warning;
+
+	U4 allocation_size = align_pow2(S_(X8616_InfoMsg), MEM_ALIGNMENT_DEFAULT);
+	U4 left            = scratch->capacity - scratch->used;
+	if (allocation_size > left) { ++ msgs->dropped_count; return; }
+
+	X8616_InfoMsg_R msg = farena_push_type(scratch, X8616_InfoMsg);
+	// msg[0] = (X8616_InfoMsg){0};
+	msg->kind          = kind;
+	msg->code          = code;
+	msg->source_offset = source_offset;
+	msg->source_size   = source_size;
+	msg->expected      = expected;
+	msg->actual        = actual;
+	msg->text          = x8616_info_template(code);
+	sll_queue_push_n(msgs->first, msgs->last, msg, next);
+}
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_InfoTextValues) { Str8 offset; Str8 expected; Str8 actual; };
+
+FI_ Str8
+x8616_info_render(Slice output, X8616_InfoMsg_R msg, X8616_InfoTextValues values) {
+	KTL_Slot_Str8 slots[] = {
+		{ ktl_str8_key("offset"),   values.offset   },
+		{ ktl_str8_key("expected"), values.expected },
+		{ ktl_str8_key("actual"),   values.actual   },
+	};
+	return str8_fmt_ktl_buf(output, ktl_str8_from_arr(slots), msg->text);
+}

code/8086/parser.c

@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	include "parser.h"
+#	include "serializer_tables.h"
+#endif
+
+FI_ void x8616_parse_skip_ws(Str8_R cur) {
+	while (cur->len && char_is_space(cur->ptr[0])) { cur->ptr += 1; cur->len -= 1; }
+}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_parse_walk(Str8_R cur, Str8 lit) {
+	B4 too_big = cur->len < lit.len;
+	B4 miss    = too_big || mem_match(u8_(cur->ptr), u8_(lit.ptr), lit.len) == 0;
+	if (miss) return 0;
+	cur->ptr += lit.len;
+	cur->len -= lit.len;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+FI_ U4 x8616_parse_lookup(Str8_R cur, Str8* table, U4 table_len) {
+	U4 best     = table_len;
+	U8 best_len = 0;
+	for (U4 i = 0; i < table_len; ++i)
+	{
+		Str8 lit     = table[i];
+		B4   empty   = lit.len == 0;
+		B4   too_big = lit.len > cur->len;
+		B4   worse   = lit.len <= best_len;
+		B4   skip    = empty || too_big || worse;
+		B4   miss    = skip || mem_match(u8_(cur->ptr), u8_(lit.ptr), lit.len) == 0;
+		if (miss) continue;
+		best     = i;
+		best_len = lit.len;
+	}
+	if (best < table_len) {
+		cur->ptr += best_len;
+		cur->len -= best_len;
+	}
+	return best;
+}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_parse_number(Str8_R cur, U2_R value, B4_R neg_out) {
+	x8616_parse_skip_ws(cur);
+	B4 neg = 0;
+	if (x8616_parse_walk(cur, slit8("-"))) neg = 1;
+	if (cur->len == 0 || char_is_digit(cur->ptr[0], 10) == 0) return 0;
+	U8 start = 0;
+	while (start < cur->len && char_is_digit(cur->ptr[start], 10)) start += 1;
+	U8 mag = u8_from_str8(str8(cur->ptr, start), 10);
+	cur->ptr += start;
+	cur->len -= start;
+	value[0]   = u2_(mag);
+	neg_out[0] = neg;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+internal B4 x8616_parse_memory(Str8_R cur, X8616_DecodedOperand_R op)
+{
+	B4 ok = 1;
+	if (x8616_parse_walk(cur, slit8("[")) == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+	x8616_parse_skip_ws(cur);
+
+	U4 ea_n = Array_len(x8616_serialize_ea);
+	U4 ea   = x8616_parse_lookup(cur, x8616_serialize_ea, ea_n);
+	if (ea < ea_n)
+	{
+		op->flags = x8616_decoded_operand_memory;
+		op->ea    = C_(X8616_EA, ea);
+		x8616_parse_skip_ws(cur);
+		if (x8616_parse_walk(cur, slit8("+"))) {
+			U2 mag = 0; B4 neg = 0;
+			x8616_parse_skip_ws(cur);
+			if (x8616_parse_number(cur, & mag, & neg) == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+			op->displacement       = neg ? s2_(-s4_(mag)) : s2_(mag);
+			op->displacement_bytes = (u2_(op->displacement) > 0x7F && op->displacement >= 0) || op->displacement < -128 ? 2 : (op->displacement ? 1 : 0);
+		}
+		else if (x8616_parse_walk(cur, slit8("-"))) {
+			U2 mag = 0; B4 dummy = 0;
+			x8616_parse_skip_ws(cur);
+			if (x8616_parse_number(cur, & mag, & dummy) == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+			op->displacement       = s2_(-s4_(mag));
+			op->displacement_bytes = op->displacement < -128 ? 2 : 1;
+		}
+	}
+	else {
+		U2 mag = 0; B4 neg = 0;
+		if (x8616_parse_number(cur, & mag, & neg) == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+		op->flags   = x8616_decoded_operand_memory | x8616_decoded_operand_direct;
+		op->address = mag;
+		op->ea      = x8616_ea_direct;
+	}
+	x8616_parse_skip_ws(cur);
+	if (x8616_parse_walk(cur, slit8("]")) == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+exit:
+	return ok;
+}
+
+internal B4
+x8616_parse_operand(Str8_R cur, X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst, X8616_DecodedOperand_R op)
+{
+	B4 ok = 1;
+	x8616_parse_skip_ws(cur);
+	X8616_WidthMode size = x8616_width_dynamic;
+	if      (x8616_parse_walk(cur, slit8("byte "))) size         = x8616_width_byte;
+	else if (x8616_parse_walk(cur, slit8("word "))) size         = x8616_width_word;
+	if      (x8616_parse_walk(cur, slit8("far ")))  inst->flags |= x8616_encoding_far;
+	x8616_parse_skip_ws(cur);
+
+	U4   seg_n = Array_len(x8616_serialize_seg);
+	Str8 save  = cur[0];
+	U4   seg   = x8616_parse_lookup(cur, x8616_serialize_seg, seg_n);
+	if (seg < seg_n)
+	{
+		x8616_parse_skip_ws(cur);
+		if (x8616_parse_walk(cur, slit8(":"))) {
+			inst->prefixes.has_segment = 1;
+			inst->prefixes.segment     = C_(X8616_Segment, seg);
+			x8616_parse_skip_ws(cur);
+			if (x8616_parse_memory(cur, op) == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+		}
+		else {
+			op->flags   = x8616_decoded_operand_segment;
+			op->segment = C_(X8616_Segment, seg);
+			op->width   = x8616_width_word;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		cur[0] = save;
+		U4 r16_n = Array_len(x8616_serialize_reg16);
+		U4 r8_n  = Array_len(x8616_serialize_reg8);
+		U4 r16   = x8616_parse_lookup(cur, x8616_serialize_reg16, r16_n);
+		if (r16 < r16_n) {
+			op->flags    = x8616_decoded_operand_register;
+			op->width    = x8616_width_word;
+			op->reg.r16  = C_(X8616_Reg16, r16);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			cur[0] = save;
+			U4 r8 = x8616_parse_lookup(cur, x8616_serialize_reg8, r8_n);
+			if (r8 < r8_n) {
+				op->flags   = x8616_decoded_operand_register;
+				op->width   = x8616_width_byte;
+				op->reg.r8  = C_(X8616_Reg8, r8);
+			}
+			else if (x8616_parse_walk(cur, slit8("$"))) {
+				B4 neg = 0;
+				if (x8616_parse_walk(cur, slit8("+"))) {}
+				else if (x8616_parse_walk(cur, slit8("-"))) neg = 1;
+				else { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+				U2 mag = 0; B4 extra = 0;
+				if (x8616_parse_number(cur, & mag, & extra) == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+				if (extra) neg = 1;
+				op->flags        = x8616_decoded_operand_relative;
+				op->displacement = neg ? s2_(-s4_(mag)) : s2_(mag);
+				op->width        = x8616_width_byte;
+			}
+			else if (cur->len && cur->ptr[0] == '[') {
+				if (x8616_parse_memory(cur, op) == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				U2 mag = 0; B4 neg = 0;
+				Str8 before = *cur;
+				if (x8616_parse_number(cur, & mag, & neg) == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+				x8616_parse_skip_ws(cur);
+				if (x8616_parse_walk(cur, slit8(":"))) {
+					U2 off = 0; B4 off_neg = 0;
+					if (x8616_parse_number(cur, & off, & off_neg) == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+					op->flags       = x8616_decoded_operand_far_ptr;
+					op->far_segment = mag;
+					op->far_offset  = off;
+				}
+				else {
+					*cur = before;
+					if (x8616_parse_number(cur, & mag, & neg) == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+					op->flags     = x8616_decoded_operand_immediate;
+					op->immediate = mag;
+					if (neg) {
+						op->flags    |= x8616_decoded_operand_sign_extended;
+						op->immediate = u2_(s2_(-s4_(mag)));
+					}
+					op->immediate_bytes = mag > 0xFF ? 2 : 1;
+					op->width           = mag > 0xFF ? x8616_width_word : x8616_width_byte;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (size != x8616_width_dynamic) {
+		op->width = size;
+		if (inst->width == x8616_width_dynamic) inst->width = size;
+	}
+exit:
+	return ok;
+}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_parse_is_shift(X8616_Op op) { switch (op) {
+	case x8616_op_shl:
+	case x8616_op_shr:
+	case x8616_op_sar:
+	case x8616_op_rol:
+	case x8616_op_ror:
+	case x8616_op_rcl:
+	case x8616_op_rcr:
+		return 1;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+}}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_parse_is_string(X8616_Op op) { switch (op) {
+	case x8616_op_movs:
+	case x8616_op_cmps:
+	case x8616_op_scas:
+	case x8616_op_lods:
+	case x8616_op_stos:
+		return 1;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+}}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_parse_has_memory(X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst) {
+	for (U1 id = 0; id < inst->operand_count; ++id) { if (inst->operands[id].flags & x8616_decoded_operand_memory) return 1; }
+	return 0;
+}
+
+FI_ X8616_DecodedOperandFlags x8616_parse_base_flags(X8616_DecodedOperandFlags flags) {
+	return flags & (
+		x8616_decoded_operand_register
+	|	x8616_decoded_operand_segment
+	|	x8616_decoded_operand_memory
+	|	x8616_decoded_operand_immediate
+	|	x8616_decoded_operand_relative
+	|	x8616_decoded_operand_far_ptr
+	);
+}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_parse_one_flag(X8616_DecodedOperandFlags flags) { U2 bits = C_(U2, flags); return (bits != 0) && ((bits & (bits - 1)) == 0); }
+
+internal void
+x8616_parse_push(FArena_R arena, X8616_InfoList_R msgs, X8616_ParseStatus status, U4 id, U2 size, U4 expected, U4 actual) {
+	if (status == x8616_parse_ok || arena == 0) return;
+	X8616_InfoKind kind = x8616_info_error;
+	X8616_InfoCode code = x8616_info_parse_syntax;
+	if (status == x8616_parse_output_full)           code = x8616_info_parse_output_full;
+	else if (status == x8616_parse_unknown_mnemonic) code = x8616_info_parse_unknown_mnemonic;
+	else if (status == x8616_parse_invalid_record)   code = x8616_info_parse_invalid_record;
+	else if (status == x8616_parse_unsupported_form) code = x8616_info_parse_unsupported_form;
+	x8616_info_push(arena, msgs, kind, code, id, size, expected, actual);
+}
+
+internal X8616_ParseStatus
+x8616_parse_validate(X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst)
+{
+	X8616_ParseStatus status = x8616_parse_ok;
+
+	B4 invalid_sig             = inst->operand_count > 2;
+	B4 invalid_mnemonic        = u4_(inst->op) >= Array_len(x8616_serialize_mnemonic) || inst->op == x8616_op_invalid;
+	B4 empty_mnemonic          = invalid_mnemonic == 0 && x8616_serialize_mnemonic[inst->op].len == 0;
+	B4 invalid_prefix_with_seg = inst->prefixes.has_segment && u1_(inst->prefixes.segment) >= Array_len(x8616_serialize_seg);
+
+	if (invalid_sig || invalid_mnemonic || invalid_prefix_with_seg) {
+		status = x8616_parse_invalid_record; goto status_failed;
+	}
+	if (empty_mnemonic) {
+		status = x8616_parse_unknown_mnemonic; goto status_failed;
+	}
+	B4 bad_prefix_segment = inst->prefixes.has_segment && (x8616_parse_has_memory(inst)    == 0);
+	B4 bad_prefix_repeat  = inst->prefixes.has_repeat  && (x8616_parse_is_string(inst->op) == 0);
+	if (bad_prefix_segment || bad_prefix_repeat) {
+		status = x8616_parse_unsupported_form; goto status_failed;
+	}
+
+	for (U1 id = 0; id < inst->operand_count; ++id)
+	{
+		X8616_DecodedOperand_R operand = & inst->operands[id];
+		X8616_DecodedOperandFlags base = x8616_parse_base_flags(operand->flags);
+		B4 invalid_flag         = x8616_parse_one_flag(base) == 0;
+		B4 has_operand_register = base & x8616_decoded_operand_register;
+		B4 has_operand_segment  = base & x8616_decoded_operand_segment;
+		B4 has_operand_memory   = base & x8616_decoded_operand_memory;
+		B4 invalid_reg_r16      = u1_(operand->reg.r16) >= Array_len(x8616_serialize_reg16);
+		B4 invalid_width        = operand->width != x8616_width_byte && operand->width != x8616_width_word;
+		B4 invalid_operand_seg  = u1_(operand->segment) >= Array_len(x8616_serialize_seg);
+		B4 invalid_operand_ea   = u1_(operand->ea)      >= Array_len(x8616_serialize_ea);
+		B4 invalid_direct_ea    = has_operand_memory && ((operand->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_direct) == 0) && invalid_operand_ea;
+		B4 invalid_operand      = invalid_flag
+			|| (has_operand_register && (invalid_reg_r16 || invalid_width))
+			|| (has_operand_segment  && invalid_operand_seg)
+			|| invalid_direct_ea;
+		if (invalid_operand) {
+			status = x8616_parse_invalid_record; goto status_failed;
+		}
+	}
+status_failed:
+	return status;
+}
+
+internal B4 x8616_parse_line(Str8 line, X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst)
+{
+	B4 ok = 1;
+	x8616_parse_skip_ws(& line);
+	if (line.len == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+
+	if (x8616_parse_walk(& line, slit8("lock "))) inst->prefixes.lock = 1;
+	if (x8616_parse_walk(& line, slit8("repne "))) {
+		inst->prefixes.has_repeat = 1;
+		inst->prefixes.repeat     = x8616_repne;
+	}
+	else if (x8616_parse_walk(& line, slit8("rep "))) {
+		inst->prefixes.has_repeat = 1;
+		inst->prefixes.repeat     = x8616_rep;
+	}
+
+	U4 mnem_n = Array_len(x8616_serialize_mnemonic);
+	U4 mnem   = x8616_parse_lookup(& line, x8616_serialize_mnemonic, mnem_n);
+	if (mnem >= mnem_n) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+	inst->op = C_(X8616_Op, mnem);
+
+	if (x8616_parse_is_string(inst->op)) {
+		if (x8616_parse_walk(& line, slit8("b"))) inst->width = x8616_width_byte;
+		else if (x8616_parse_walk(& line, slit8("w"))) inst->width = x8616_width_word;
+	}
+
+	x8616_parse_skip_ws(& line);
+	if (line.len == 0) goto exit;
+
+	if (x8616_parse_operand(& line, inst, inst->operands + 0) == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+	inst->operand_count = 1;
+	x8616_parse_skip_ws(& line);
+	if (x8616_parse_walk(& line, slit8(","))) {
+		if (x8616_parse_operand(& line, inst, inst->operands + 1) == 0) { ok = 0; goto exit; }
+		inst->operand_count = 2;
+	}
+	x8616_parse_skip_ws(& line);
+	if (inst->width == x8616_width_dynamic) {
+		for (U1 id = 0; id < inst->operand_count; ++id) {
+			if (inst->operands[id].width != x8616_width_dynamic) {
+				inst->width = inst->operands[id].width;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (inst->width != x8616_width_dynamic) {
+		for (U1 id = 0; id < inst->operand_count; ++id) {
+			X8616_DecodedOperand_R op = inst->operands + id;
+			B4 take = op->width == x8616_width_dynamic;
+			take |= (op->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_immediate) && (x8616_parse_is_shift(inst->op) == 0);
+			if (take) op->width = inst->width;
+		}
+	}
+	ok = line.len == 0;
+exit:
+	return ok;
+}
+
+X8616_ParseInfo x8616_parse_instructions(X8616_ParseRequest request)
+{
+	X8616_ParseInfo result = {0};
+	X8616_InfoList   local = {0};
+	X8616_InfoList_R msgs  = request.msgs ? request.msgs : & local;
+	U4 offset = 0;
+
+	B4 bad = request.source.ptr == 0 && request.source.len != 0;
+	bad |= request.instruction_cap && request.out_instructions == 0;
+	bad |= request.info_arena == 0;
+	if (bad) {
+		if (request.info_arena) {
+			x8616_info_push(request.info_arena, msgs, x8616_info_error
+				, x8616_info_parse_bad_request, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+		}
+		goto exit;
+	}
+
+	Str8 cur = request.source;
+	if (x8616_parse_walk(& cur, x8616_serialize_header)) {}
+
+	offset = u4_(request.source.len - cur.len);
+	while (cur.len)
+	{
+		U8 n = 0;
+		while (n < cur.len && cur.ptr[n] != '\n') n += 1;
+		Str8 line  = str8(cur.ptr, n);
+		U8 step    = n + (n < cur.len);
+		U4 line_at = offset;
+		cur.ptr += step;
+		cur.len -= step;
+		offset  += u4_(step);
+
+		while (line.len && char_is_space(line.ptr[line.len - 1])) line.len -= 1;
+		x8616_parse_skip_ws(& line);
+		if (line.len == 0) continue;
+
+		if (result.instruction_count == request.instruction_cap) {
+			x8616_parse_push(request.info_arena, msgs, x8616_parse_output_full
+				, line_at, 0, request.instruction_cap, result.instruction_count);
+			goto exit;
+		}
+
+		X8616_DecodedInstruction inst = {0};
+		if (x8616_parse_line(line, & inst) == 0) {
+			x8616_parse_push(request.info_arena, msgs, x8616_parse_syntax
+				, line_at, u2_(line.len), 0, 0);
+			continue;
+		}
+		X8616_ParseStatus st = x8616_parse_validate(& inst);
+		if (st != x8616_parse_ok) {
+			x8616_parse_push(request.info_arena, msgs, st
+				, line_at, inst.size, 0, u4_(inst.op));
+			continue;
+		}
+		request.out_instructions[result.instruction_count] = inst;
+		result.instruction_count += 1;
+	}
+
+exit:
+	result.source_consumed = offset;
+	result.msgs            = *msgs;
+	return result;
+}

code/8086/parser.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	pragma once
+#	include "decoder.h"
+#endif
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_ParseStatus) {
+	x8616_parse_ok               = 0x00,
+	x8616_parse_output_full      = 0x01,
+	x8616_parse_syntax           = 0x02,
+	x8616_parse_invalid_record   = 0x03,
+	x8616_parse_unsupported_form = 0x04,
+	x8616_parse_unknown_mnemonic = 0x05,
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_ParseRequest) {
+	Str8                      source;
+	X8616_DecodedInstruction* out_instructions;
+	U4                        instruction_cap;
+	FArena*                   info_arena;
+	X8616_InfoList_R          msgs;
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_ParseInfo) {
+	X8616_InfoList msgs;
+	U4             instruction_count;
+	U4             source_consumed;
+};
+
+X8616_ParseInfo x8616_parse_instructions(X8616_ParseRequest request);

code/8086/serializer.c

@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	include "serializer.h"
+#	include "serializer_tables.h"
+#endif
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_SerializeSizeWhere) {
+	x8616_serialize_size_none       = 0x00,
+	x8616_serialize_size_before_mem = 0x01,
+	x8616_serialize_size_before_imm = 0x02,
+};
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_serialize_put(Str8Gen_R gen, Str8 piece) {
+	if (piece.len > gen->cap - gen->len) return false;
+	str8gen_append_str8(gen, piece);     return true;
+}
+
+FI_ X8616_SerializeStatus x8616_serialize_put_or_full(Str8Gen_R gen, Str8 piece) {
+	X8616_SerializeStatus status = x8616_serialize_ok;
+	if (x8616_serialize_put(gen, piece) == 0) status = x8616_serialize_output_full;
+	return status;
+}
+
+internal B4 x8616_serialize_put_u4(Str8Gen_R gen, U4 value) {
+	Info_str8_from_u4 info = str8_from_u4_info(value, 10, 0, 0); UTF8 digits[16];
+	B4  ok = info.size_required != 0 && info.size_required <= Array_len(digits) && info.size_required <= gen->cap - gen->len;
+	if (ok) {
+		Str8 text = str8_from_u4_buf(slice_ut(digits, info.size_required), value, 10, 0, 0, info);
+		ok        = x8616_serialize_put(gen, text);
+	}
+	return ok;
+}
+
+internal B4 x8616_serialize_put_s4(Str8Gen_R gen, S4 value) {
+	B4 ok = true;
+	if (value < 0) {
+		ok = x8616_serialize_put(gen, slit8("-"));
+		if (ok) ok = x8616_serialize_put_u4(gen, C_(U4, -value));
+	}
+	else {
+		ok = x8616_serialize_put_u4(gen, C_(U4, value));
+	}
+	return ok;
+}
+
+internal S4 x8616_serialize_s4_from_bits(U2 bits, U1 byte_count) {
+	if (byte_count <= 1) return s4_(s1_(u1_(bits)));
+	return s4_(s2_(bits));
+}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_serialize_imm_is_signed(X8616_Op op) { switch (op) {
+	case x8616_op_mov:
+	case x8616_op_add:
+	case x8616_op_adc:
+	case x8616_op_sub:
+	case x8616_op_sbb:
+	case x8616_op_cmp:
+	case x8616_op_ret:
+	case x8616_op_retf:
+		return 1;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+}}
+
+FI_ U1 x8616_serialize_imm_bytes(X8616_DecodedOperandFlags flags, U1 immediate_bytes, X8616_WidthMode width) {
+	if (immediate_bytes)                             return immediate_bytes;
+	if (flags & x8616_decoded_operand_sign_extended) return 1;
+	if (width == x8616_width_word)                   return 2;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+internal B4
+x8616_serialize_put_imm(Str8Gen_R gen, X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst, X8616_DecodedOperand_R operand) {
+	U1 bytes = x8616_serialize_imm_bytes(operand->flags, operand->immediate_bytes, operand->width);
+	if (x8616_serialize_imm_is_signed(inst->op)) {
+		return x8616_serialize_put_s4(gen, x8616_serialize_s4_from_bits(operand->immediate, bytes));
+	}
+	U4 value = operand->immediate;
+	if (bytes <= 1) value &= 0xFF;
+	return x8616_serialize_put_u4(gen, value);
+}
+
+internal X8616_WidthMode
+x8616_serialize_mem_width(X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst) {
+	for (U1 id = 0; id < inst->operand_count; ++id) {
+		if (inst->operands[id].flags & x8616_decoded_operand_memory) return inst->operands[id].width;
+	}
+	return inst->width;
+}
+
+internal X8616_SerializeSizeWhere
+x8616_serialize_size_where(X8616_Op op, U1 operand_count, X8616_DecodedOperand operands[static 2])
+{
+	B4 has_mem = 0;
+	B4 has_imm = 0;
+	for (U1 id = 0; id < operand_count; ++id) {
+		X8616_DecodedOperandFlags flags = operands[id].flags;
+		if  (flags & x8616_decoded_operand_memory) has_mem = 1;
+		if ((flags & x8616_decoded_operand_immediate) && ((flags & x8616_decoded_operand_register) == 0)) has_imm = 1;
+	}
+	switch (op) {
+	case x8616_op_mov:
+		if (has_mem && has_imm) return x8616_serialize_size_before_imm;
+		return x8616_serialize_size_none;
+	case x8616_op_add:
+	case x8616_op_adc:
+	case x8616_op_sub:
+	case x8616_op_sbb:
+	case x8616_op_cmp:
+	case x8616_op_and:
+	case x8616_op_or:
+	case x8616_op_xor:
+	case x8616_op_test:
+		if (has_mem && has_imm) return x8616_serialize_size_before_mem;
+		return x8616_serialize_size_none;
+	case x8616_op_not:
+	case x8616_op_neg:
+	case x8616_op_inc:
+	case x8616_op_dec:
+	case x8616_op_mul:
+	case x8616_op_imul:
+	case x8616_op_div:
+	case x8616_op_idiv:
+	case x8616_op_push:
+	case x8616_op_pop:
+	case x8616_op_shl:
+	case x8616_op_shr:
+	case x8616_op_sar:
+	case x8616_op_rol:
+	case x8616_op_ror:
+	case x8616_op_rcl:
+	case x8616_op_rcr:
+		if (has_mem) return x8616_serialize_size_before_mem;
+		return x8616_serialize_size_none;
+	default:
+		return x8616_serialize_size_none;
+	}
+}
+
+internal B4 x8616_serialize_put_size(Str8Gen_R gen, X8616_WidthMode width) {
+	Str8 name = slit8("");
+	if (width == x8616_width_byte) name = slit8("byte");
+	if (width == x8616_width_word) name = slit8("word");
+	B4 ok = name.len != 0;
+	if (ok) ok = x8616_serialize_put(gen, name);
+	if (ok) ok = x8616_serialize_put(gen, slit8(" "));
+	return ok;
+}
+
+internal B4
+x8616_serialize_put_memory(Str8Gen_R gen, X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst, X8616_DecodedOperand_R operand)
+{
+	B4 ok = true;
+	if (inst->prefixes.has_segment) {
+		ok = x8616_serialize_put(gen, x8616_serialize_seg[inst->prefixes.segment]);
+		if (ok) ok = x8616_serialize_put(gen, slit8(":"));
+	}
+	if (ok) ok = x8616_serialize_put(gen, slit8("["));
+	if (ok && (operand->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_direct)) {
+		ok = x8616_serialize_put_u4(gen, operand->address);
+	}
+	else if (ok) {
+		ok = x8616_serialize_put(gen, x8616_serialize_ea[operand->ea]);
+		S4 disp = operand->displacement;
+		if (ok && disp > 0) {
+			ok = x8616_serialize_put(gen, slit8(" + "));
+			if (ok) ok = x8616_serialize_put_u4(gen, C_(U4, disp));
+		}
+		else if (ok && disp < 0) {
+			ok = x8616_serialize_put(gen, slit8(" - "));
+			if (ok) ok = x8616_serialize_put_u4(gen, C_(U4, -disp));
+		}
+	}
+	if (ok) ok = x8616_serialize_put(gen, slit8("]"));
+	return ok;
+}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_serialize_is_string(X8616_Op op) { switch (op) {
+	case x8616_op_movs:
+	case x8616_op_cmps:
+	case x8616_op_scas:
+	case x8616_op_lods:
+	case x8616_op_stos:
+		return 1;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+}}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_serialize_has_memory(X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst) {
+	for (U1 id = 0; id < inst->operand_count; ++id) { if (inst->operands[id].flags & x8616_decoded_operand_memory) return 1; }
+	return 0;
+}
+
+internal X8616_SerializeStatus
+x8616_serialize_put_operand(Str8Gen_R gen, X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst, X8616_DecodedOperand_R operand)
+{
+	X8616_SerializeStatus    status = x8616_serialize_ok;
+	X8616_SerializeSizeWhere where  = x8616_serialize_size_where(inst->op, inst->operand_count, inst->operands);
+	X8616_WidthMode          width  = x8616_serialize_mem_width(inst);
+	B4 is_mem =  (operand->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_memory)    != 0;
+	B4 is_imm = ((operand->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_immediate) != 0) && ((operand->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_register) == 0);
+	B4 is_reg =  (operand->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_register)  != 0;
+	B4 is_seg =  (operand->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_segment)   != 0;
+	B4 is_rel =  (operand->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_relative)  != 0;
+	B4 is_far =  (operand->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_far_ptr)   != 0;
+
+	if (status == x8616_serialize_ok && where == x8616_serialize_size_before_mem && is_mem) {
+		if (x8616_serialize_put_size(gen, width) == 0) status = x8616_serialize_output_full;
+	}
+	if (status == x8616_serialize_ok && where == x8616_serialize_size_before_imm && is_imm) {
+		if (x8616_serialize_put_size(gen, width) == 0) status = x8616_serialize_output_full;
+	}
+	if (status == x8616_serialize_ok && (inst->flags & x8616_encoding_far) && is_mem) {
+		status = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(gen, slit8("far "));
+	}
+
+	if (status == x8616_serialize_ok) {
+		if (is_reg) {
+			U1 index = C_(U1, operand->reg.r16);
+			if      (operand->width == x8616_width_byte) status = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(gen, x8616_serialize_reg8 [index]);
+			else if (operand->width == x8616_width_word) status = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(gen, x8616_serialize_reg16[index]);
+			else                                         status = x8616_serialize_unsupported_form;
+		}
+		else if (is_seg) {
+			status = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(gen, x8616_serialize_seg[operand->segment]);
+		}
+		else if (is_mem) {
+			if (x8616_serialize_put_memory(gen, inst, operand) == 0) status = x8616_serialize_output_full;
+		}
+		else if (is_imm) {
+			if (x8616_serialize_put_imm(gen, inst, operand) == 0) status = x8616_serialize_output_full;
+		}
+		else if (is_rel) {
+			S4 rel = C_(S4, inst->size) + operand->displacement;
+			status = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(gen, slit8("$"));
+			if (status == x8616_serialize_ok && rel >= 0) status = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(gen, slit8("+"));
+			if (status == x8616_serialize_ok && x8616_serialize_put_s4(gen, rel) == 0) status = x8616_serialize_output_full;
+		}
+		else if (is_far) {
+			if (x8616_serialize_put_u4(gen, operand->far_segment) == 0) status = x8616_serialize_output_full;
+			if (status == x8616_serialize_ok) status = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(gen, slit8(":"));
+			if (status == x8616_serialize_ok && x8616_serialize_put_u4(gen, operand->far_offset) == 0) status = x8616_serialize_output_full;
+		}
+		else {
+			status = x8616_serialize_unsupported_form;
+		}
+	}
+	return status;
+}
+
+FI_ X8616_DecodedOperandFlags x8616_serialize_base_flags(X8616_DecodedOperandFlags flags) {
+	return flags & (
+		x8616_decoded_operand_register
+	|	x8616_decoded_operand_segment
+	|	x8616_decoded_operand_memory
+	|	x8616_decoded_operand_immediate
+	|	x8616_decoded_operand_relative
+	|	x8616_decoded_operand_far_ptr
+	);
+}
+
+FI_ B4 x8616_serialize_one_flag(X8616_DecodedOperandFlags flags) { U2 bits = C_(U2, flags); return (bits != 0) && ((bits & (bits - 1)) == 0); }
+
+internal void
+x8616_serialize_push(FArena_R arena, X8616_InfoList_R msgs, X8616_SerializeStatus status, U4 id, U2 size, U4 expected, U4 actual) {
+	if (status == x8616_serialize_ok || arena == 0) return;
+	X8616_InfoKind kind = x8616_info_error;
+	X8616_InfoCode code = x8616_info_serialize_invalid_record;
+	if (status == x8616_serialize_output_full) {
+		kind = x8616_info_warning;
+		code = x8616_info_serialize_output_full;
+	}
+	else if (status == x8616_serialize_unsupported_form) {
+		code = x8616_info_serialize_unsupported_form;
+	}
+	x8616_info_push(arena, msgs, kind, code, id, size, expected, actual);
+}
+
+internal X8616_SerializeStatus
+x8616_serialize_validate(X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst)
+{
+	X8616_SerializeStatus status = x8616_serialize_ok;
+
+	B4 bad_decode              = inst->decode_flags & (x8616_decode_invalid | x8616_decode_truncated);
+	B4 invalid_sig             = inst->size == 0 || inst->operand_count > 2;
+	B4 invalid_mnemonic        = u4_(inst->op) >= Array_len(x8616_serialize_mnemonic) || inst->op == x8616_op_invalid;
+	B4 invalid_prefix_with_seg = inst->prefixes.has_segment && u1_(inst->prefixes.segment) >= Array_len(x8616_serialize_seg);
+
+	if (bad_decode || invalid_sig || invalid_mnemonic || invalid_prefix_with_seg)  {
+		status = x8616_serialize_invalid_record; goto status_failed;
+	}
+	B4 bad_prefix_segment = inst->prefixes.has_segment && (x8616_serialize_has_memory(inst)    == 0);
+	B4 bad_prefix_repeat   = inst->prefixes.has_repeat  && (x8616_serialize_is_string(inst->op) == 0);
+	if (bad_prefix_segment || bad_prefix_repeat) { 
+		status = x8616_serialize_unsupported_form; goto status_failed; 
+	}
+
+	for (U1 id = 0; id < inst->operand_count; ++id)
+	{
+		X8616_DecodedOperand_R operand = & inst->operands[id];
+		X8616_DecodedOperandFlags base = x8616_serialize_base_flags(operand->flags);
+		B4 invalid_flag         = x8616_serialize_one_flag(base) == 0;
+		B4 has_operand_register = base & x8616_decoded_operand_register;
+		B4 has_operand_segment  = base & x8616_decoded_operand_segment;
+		B4 has_operand_memory   = base & x8616_decoded_operand_memory;
+		B4 invalid_reg_r16      = u1_(operand->reg.r16) >= Array_len(x8616_serialize_reg16);
+		B4 invalid_width        = operand->width != x8616_width_byte && operand->width != x8616_width_word;
+		B4 invalid_operand_seg  = u1_(operand->segment) >= Array_len(x8616_serialize_seg);
+		B4 invalid_operand_ea   = u1_(operand->ea)      >= Array_len(x8616_serialize_ea);
+		B4 invalid_direct_ea    = has_operand_memory && ((operand->flags & x8616_decoded_operand_direct) == 0) && invalid_operand_ea;
+		B4 invalid_operand      = invalid_flag
+			|| (has_operand_register && (invalid_reg_r16 || invalid_width))
+			|| (has_operand_segment  && invalid_operand_seg)
+			|| invalid_direct_ea;
+		if (invalid_operand) {
+			status = x8616_serialize_invalid_record; goto status_failed;
+		}
+	}
+status_failed:
+	return status;
+}
+
+internal X8616_SerializeStatus 
+x8616_serialize_instruction_line(Str8Gen_R line, X8616_DecodedInstruction* inst)
+{
+	X8616_SerializeStatus st = x8616_serialize_ok;
+	Str8 mnemonic = x8616_serialize_mnemonic[inst->op];
+	if (mnemonic.len == 0) st = x8616_serialize_unsupported_form;
+
+	if (st == x8616_serialize_ok && inst->prefixes.lock) {
+		st = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(line, slit8("lock "));
+	}
+	if (st == x8616_serialize_ok && inst->prefixes.has_repeat) {
+		if (inst->prefixes.repeat == x8616_rep) st = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(line, slit8("rep "));
+		else                                    st = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(line, slit8("repne "));
+	}
+	if (st == x8616_serialize_ok) st = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(line, mnemonic);
+
+	if (st == x8616_serialize_ok && x8616_serialize_is_string(inst->op)) {
+		if      (inst->width == x8616_width_byte) st = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(line, slit8("b"));
+		else if (inst->width == x8616_width_word) st = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(line, slit8("w"));
+		else                                      st = x8616_serialize_unsupported_form;
+	}
+
+	if (st == x8616_serialize_ok && inst->operand_count) {
+		st = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(line, slit8(" "));
+		for (U1 id = 0; st == x8616_serialize_ok && id < inst->operand_count; ++id) {
+			if (id)                       st = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(line, slit8(", "));
+			if (st == x8616_serialize_ok) st = x8616_serialize_put_operand(line, inst, & inst->operands[id]);
+		}
+	}
+	if (st == x8616_serialize_ok) st = x8616_serialize_put_or_full(line, slit8("\n"));
+	return st;
+}
+
+X8616_SerializeInfo x8616_serialize_instructions(X8616_SerializeRequest request)
+{
+	X8616_SerializeInfo result = {0}; result.text.ptr = C_(UTF8*, request.output.ptr);
+	X8616_InfoList   local = {0};
+	X8616_InfoList_R msgs  = request.msgs ? request.msgs : & local;
+
+	B4 bad_request =
+	   (request.instruction_count && request.instructions == 0)
+	|| (request.output.len        && request.output.ptr   == 0)
+	|| (request.scratch.len       && request.scratch.ptr  == 0)
+	|| (request.info_arena        == 0);
+	if (bad_request)
+	{
+		if (request.info_arena) {
+			x8616_info_push(request.info_arena, msgs, x8616_info_error
+				, x8616_info_serialize_bad_request, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+		}
+		else {
+			msgs->count         += 1;
+			msgs->error_count   += 1;
+			msgs->dropped_count += 1;
+		}
+		goto exit;
+	}
+	if (request.output.len < x8616_serialize_header.len) {
+		x8616_serialize_push(request.info_arena, msgs, x8616_serialize_output_full
+			, 0, 0, u4_(x8616_serialize_header.len), u4_(request.output.len));
+		goto exit;
+	}
+
+	Str8Gen gen = str8gen_make(request.output);
+	str8gen_append_str8(& gen, x8616_serialize_header);
+	result.text.len = gen.len;
+
+	for (U4 id = 0; id < request.instruction_count; ++id)
+	{
+		X8616_DecodedInstruction_R inst = & request.instructions[id];
+		X8616_SerializeStatus line_status = x8616_serialize_validate(inst);
+		if (line_status != x8616_serialize_ok) {
+			x8616_serialize_push(request.info_arena, msgs, line_status
+				, id, inst->size, 0, u4_(inst->op));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		Str8Gen line = str8gen_make(request.scratch);
+		line_status  = x8616_serialize_instruction_line(& line, inst);
+		if (line_status != x8616_serialize_ok) {
+			x8616_serialize_push(request.info_arena, msgs, line_status
+				, id, inst->size, u4_(request.scratch.len), u4_(line.len));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		Str8 text = str8(line.ptr, line.len);
+		if (text.len > gen.cap - gen.len) {
+			x8616_serialize_push(request.info_arena, msgs, x8616_serialize_output_full
+				, id, inst->size, u4_(request.output.len), u4_(gen.len));
+			goto exit;
+		}
+		str8gen_append_str8(& gen, text);
+		result.text.len              = gen.len;
+		result.instructions_written += 1;
+	}
+
+exit:
+	result.msgs = *msgs;
+	return result;
+}

code/8086/serializer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	pragma once
+#	include "decoder.h"
+#endif
+
+typedef Enum_(U1, X8616_SerializeStatus) {
+	x8616_serialize_ok               = 0x00,
+	x8616_serialize_output_full      = 0x01,
+	x8616_serialize_invalid_record   = 0x02,
+	x8616_serialize_unsupported_form = 0x03,
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_SerializeRequest) {
+	X8616_DecodedInstruction* instructions;
+	U4    instruction_count; byte_pad(4);
+	Slice output;
+	Slice scratch;
+	FArena*         info_arena;
+	X8616_InfoList_R msgs;
+};
+
+typedef Struct_(X8616_SerializeInfo) {
+	X8616_InfoList msgs;
+	Str8           text;
+	U4             instructions_written;
+	byte_pad(4);
+};
+
+X8616_SerializeInfo x8616_serialize_instructions(X8616_SerializeRequest request);

code/8086/serializer_tables.h

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	pragma once
+#	include "encoder.h"
+#endif
+
+RO_ global Str8 x8616_serialize_header = slit8("bits 16\n\n");
+
+RO_ global Str8 x8616_serialize_mnemonic[] = {
+	[x8616_op_invalid] = slit8(""),
+	[x8616_op_nop]     = slit8("nop"),
+	[x8616_op_mov]     = slit8("mov"),
+	[x8616_op_add]     = slit8("add"),
+	[x8616_op_or]      = slit8("or"),
+	[x8616_op_adc]     = slit8("adc"),
+	[x8616_op_sbb]     = slit8("sbb"),
+	[x8616_op_and]     = slit8("and"),
+	[x8616_op_sub]     = slit8("sub"),
+	[x8616_op_xor]     = slit8("xor"),
+	[x8616_op_cmp]     = slit8("cmp"),
+	[x8616_op_push]    = slit8("push"),
+	[x8616_op_pop]     = slit8("pop"),
+	[x8616_op_xchg]    = slit8("xchg"),
+	[x8616_op_in]      = slit8("in"),
+	[x8616_op_out]     = slit8("out"),
+	[x8616_op_xlat]    = slit8("xlat"),
+	[x8616_op_lea]     = slit8("lea"),
+	[x8616_op_lds]     = slit8("lds"),
+	[x8616_op_les]     = slit8("les"),
+	[x8616_op_lahf]    = slit8("lahf"),
+	[x8616_op_sahf]    = slit8("sahf"),
+	[x8616_op_pushf]   = slit8("pushf"),
+	[x8616_op_popf]    = slit8("popf"),
+	[x8616_op_inc]     = slit8("inc"),
+	[x8616_op_aaa]     = slit8("aaa"),
+	[x8616_op_daa]     = slit8("daa"),
+	[x8616_op_dec]     = slit8("dec"),
+	[x8616_op_neg]     = slit8("neg"),
+	[x8616_op_aas]     = slit8("aas"),
+	[x8616_op_das]     = slit8("das"),
+	[x8616_op_mul]     = slit8("mul"),
+	[x8616_op_imul]    = slit8("imul"),
+	[x8616_op_aam]     = slit8("aam"),
+	[x8616_op_div]     = slit8("div"),
+	[x8616_op_idiv]    = slit8("idiv"),
+	[x8616_op_aad]     = slit8("aad"),
+	[x8616_op_cbw]     = slit8("cbw"),
+	[x8616_op_cwd]     = slit8("cwd"),
+	[x8616_op_not]     = slit8("not"),
+	[x8616_op_shl]     = slit8("shl"),
+	[x8616_op_shr]     = slit8("shr"),
+	[x8616_op_sar]     = slit8("sar"),
+	[x8616_op_rol]     = slit8("rol"),
+	[x8616_op_ror]     = slit8("ror"),
+	[x8616_op_rcl]     = slit8("rcl"),
+	[x8616_op_rcr]     = slit8("rcr"),
+	[x8616_op_test]    = slit8("test"),
+	[x8616_op_rep]     = slit8(""),
+	[x8616_op_movs]    = slit8("movs"),
+	[x8616_op_cmps]    = slit8("cmps"),
+	[x8616_op_scas]    = slit8("scas"),
+	[x8616_op_lods]    = slit8("lods"),
+	[x8616_op_stos]    = slit8("stos"),
+	[x8616_op_call]    = slit8("call"),
+	[x8616_op_jmp]     = slit8("jmp"),
+	[x8616_op_ret]     = slit8("ret"),
+	[x8616_op_retf]    = slit8("retf"),
+	[x8616_op_je]      = slit8("je"),
+	[x8616_op_jl]      = slit8("jl"),
+	[x8616_op_jle]     = slit8("jle"),
+	[x8616_op_jb]      = slit8("jb"),
+	[x8616_op_jbe]     = slit8("jbe"),
+	[x8616_op_jp]      = slit8("jp"),
+	[x8616_op_jo]      = slit8("jo"),
+	[x8616_op_js]      = slit8("js"),
+	[x8616_op_jne]     = slit8("jne"),
+	[x8616_op_jnl]     = slit8("jnl"),
+	[x8616_op_jg]      = slit8("jg"),
+	[x8616_op_jnb]     = slit8("jnb"),
+	[x8616_op_ja]      = slit8("ja"),
+	[x8616_op_jnp]     = slit8("jnp"),
+	[x8616_op_jno]     = slit8("jno"),
+	[x8616_op_jns]     = slit8("jns"),
+	[x8616_op_loop]    = slit8("loop"),
+	[x8616_op_loopz]   = slit8("loopz"),
+	[x8616_op_loopnz]  = slit8("loopnz"),
+	[x8616_op_jcxz]    = slit8("jcxz"),
+	[x8616_op_int]     = slit8("int"),
+	[x8616_op_int3]    = slit8("int3"),
+	[x8616_op_into]    = slit8("into"),
+	[x8616_op_iret]    = slit8("iret"),
+	[x8616_op_clc]     = slit8("clc"),
+	[x8616_op_cmc]     = slit8("cmc"),
+	[x8616_op_stc]     = slit8("stc"),
+	[x8616_op_cld]     = slit8("cld"),
+	[x8616_op_std]     = slit8("std"),
+	[x8616_op_cli]     = slit8("cli"),
+	[x8616_op_sti]     = slit8("sti"),
+	[x8616_op_hlt]     = slit8("hlt"),
+	[x8616_op_wait]    = slit8("wait"),
+	[x8616_op_lock]    = slit8(""),
+	[x8616_op_segment] = slit8(""),
+};
+
+RO_ global Str8 x8616_serialize_reg8[] = {
+	[x8616_al] = slit8("al"),
+	[x8616_cl] = slit8("cl"),
+	[x8616_dl] = slit8("dl"),
+	[x8616_bl] = slit8("bl"),
+	[x8616_ah] = slit8("ah"),
+	[x8616_ch] = slit8("ch"),
+	[x8616_dh] = slit8("dh"),
+	[x8616_bh] = slit8("bh"),
+};
+
+RO_ global Str8 x8616_serialize_reg16[] = {
+	[x8616_ax] = slit8("ax"),
+	[x8616_cx] = slit8("cx"),
+	[x8616_dx] = slit8("dx"),
+	[x8616_bx] = slit8("bx"),
+	[x8616_sp] = slit8("sp"),
+	[x8616_bp] = slit8("bp"),
+	[x8616_si] = slit8("si"),
+	[x8616_di] = slit8("di"),
+};
+
+RO_ global Str8 x8616_serialize_seg[] = {
+	[x8616_es] = slit8("es"),
+	[x8616_cs] = slit8("cs"),
+	[x8616_ss] = slit8("ss"),
+	[x8616_ds] = slit8("ds"),
+};
+
+RO_ global Str8 x8616_serialize_ea[] = {
+	[x8616_ea_bx_si] = slit8("bx + si"),
+	[x8616_ea_bx_di] = slit8("bx + di"),
+	[x8616_ea_bp_si] = slit8("bp + si"),
+	[x8616_ea_bp_di] = slit8("bp + di"),
+	[x8616_ea_si]    = slit8("si"),
+	[x8616_ea_di]    = slit8("di"),
+	[x8616_ea_bp]    = slit8("bp"),
+	[x8616_ea_bx]    = slit8("bx"),
+};

code/duffle/asm.h

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
+#	pragma once
+#	include "dsl.h"
+#endif
+
+#define asm_out     /* outputs  */
+#define asm_in      /* inputs   */
+#define asm_clobber /* clobbers */
+
+#define asm_out_r(name)  [name] "=r"(name)
+#define asm_in_r(name)   [name] "r"(name)
+#define asm_out_x(name)  [name] "=&x"(name) /* XMM, earlyclobber */
+#define asm_out_x0(name) [name] "=x"(name)  /* XMM, no earlyclobber */
+#define asm_in_x(name)   [name] "x"(name)
+
+#define x64_r(name)   "%[" #name "]"
+#define x64_m(name)   "(%[" #name "])"
+#define x64_xmm(name) "%x[" #name "]"
+
+typedef U8 U8x2  attribute(vector_size(16));
+typedef U8 U8x4  attribute(vector_size(32));
+typedef U1 U1x16 attribute(vector_size(16));
+
+#define x64_u4_from_byte_hits(dst, src)        "pmovmskb "        x64_r(src) ", " x64_r(dst) "\n"
+#define x64_u4_count_trailing_zeros(dst, src)  "tzcntl "          x64_r(src) ", " x64_r(dst) "\n"
+
+#define x64_u1x16_repeat_dwords(dst, src, n)   "pshufd $" #n ", " x64_r(src) ", " x64_r(dst) "\n"
+#define x64_u1x16_load_mem4(dst, src)          "movd "            x64_r(src) ", " x64_r(dst) "\n"
+#define x64_u1x16_load_mem8(dst, src)          "movq "            x64_m(src) ", " x64_r(dst) "\n"
+#define x64_u1x16_load_mem16(dst, src)         "movdqu "          x64_m(src) ", " x64_r(dst) "\n"
+#define x64_u1x16_match_bytes(dst, src)        "pcmpeqb "         x64_r(src) ", " x64_r(dst) "\n"
+
+#define x64_u8x2_load_u8(dst, src)             "vmovq "                x64_m(src) ", " x64_r(dst) "\n"
+#define x64_u8x2_insert_u8(dst, src, n)        "vpinsrq $" #n ", "     x64_m(src) ", " x64_r(dst) ", " x64_r(dst) "\n"
+#define x64_u8x4_insert_xmm(dst, src, n)       "vinserti128 $" #n ", " x64_r(src) ", " x64_r(dst) ", " x64_r(dst) "\n"
+#define x64_u8x4_broadcast(dst, src)           "vpbroadcastq "         x64_r(src) ", " x64_r(dst) "\n"
+#define x64_u8x4_match(dst, a, b)              "vpcmpeqq "             x64_r(b)   ", " x64_r(a)   ", " x64_r(dst) "\n"
+#define x64_u4_from_qword_hits(dst, src)       "vmovmskpd "            x64_r(src) ", " x64_r(dst) "\n"
+
+FI_ U4 count_trailing_zeros_u4(U4 mask) {
+	U4 n;
+	asm volatile(
+		x64_u4_count_trailing_zeros(n, mask)
+		asm_out : asm_out_r(n)
+		asm_in  : asm_in_r(mask)
+	);
+	return n;
+}
+
+FI_ U1x16 splat_u4_u1x16(U4 b4) {
+	U1x16 v;
+	asm volatile(
+		x64_u1x16_load_mem4    (v, b4)
+		x64_u1x16_repeat_dwords(v, v, 0)
+		asm_out : asm_out_x0(v)
+		asm_in  : asm_in_r(b4)
+	);
+	return v;
+}
+
+FI_ U4 mask_eq8_u1x16(U1_R p, U1x16 needle) {
+	U1x16 chunk;
+	U4    mask;
+	asm volatile(
+		x64_u1x16_load_mem8  (chunk, p)
+		x64_u1x16_match_bytes(chunk, needle)
+		x64_u4_from_byte_hits(mask, chunk)
+		asm_out : asm_out_x(chunk), asm_out_r(mask)
+		asm_in  : asm_in_r(p), asm_in_x(needle)
+		asm_clobber : "memory"
+	);
+	return mask; /* movq zero-fills the high 8 bytes; bits 8–15 stay 0 */
+}
+
+FI_ U4 mask_eq16_u1x16(U1_R p, U1x16 needle) {
+	U1x16 chunk;
+	U4    mask;
+	asm volatile(
+		x64_u1x16_load_mem16 (chunk, p)
+		x64_u1x16_match_bytes(chunk, needle)
+		x64_u4_from_byte_hits(mask, chunk)
+		asm_out : asm_out_x(chunk), asm_out_r(mask)
+		asm_in  : asm_in_r(p), asm_in_x(needle)
+		asm_clobber : "memory"
+	);
+	return mask;
+}
+
+I_ U8 find_u1_via_u1x16(U1_R p, U8 len, U1 ch, U1x16 needle) {
+	U8 i = 0;
+	while (len - i >= 16) {
+		U4 mask = mask_eq16_u1x16(p + i, needle);
+		if (mask) return i + C_(U8, count_trailing_zeros_u4(mask));
+		i += 16;
+	}
+	while (len - i >= 8) {
+		U4 mask = mask_eq8_u1x16(p + i, needle);
+		if (mask) return i + C_(U8, count_trailing_zeros_u4(mask));
+		i += 8;
+	}
+	while (i < len) {
+		if (p[i] == ch) return i;
+		++ i;
+	}
+	return len; /* not found */
+}
+
+FI_ U4 find_aos_keys_mask_u8x4(U8_R p0, U8_R p1, U8_R p2, U8_R p3, U8 key) {
+	U8x2 lo, hi;
+	U8x4 keys, splat, eq;
+	U4   mask;
+	asm volatile(
+		x64_u8x2_load_u8  (lo, p0)       x64_u8x2_insert_u8(lo, p1, 1)
+		x64_u8x2_load_u8  (hi, p2)       x64_u8x2_insert_u8(hi, p3, 1)
+		x64_u8x4_insert_xmm(keys, lo, 0) x64_u8x4_insert_xmm(keys, hi, 1)
+		x64_u8x4_broadcast(splat, key)   x64_u8x4_match(eq, keys, splat)
+		x64_u4_from_qword_hits(mask, eq)
+		asm_out : asm_out_x(lo), asm_out_x(hi), asm_out_x(keys), asm_out_x(splat), asm_out_x(eq), asm_out_r(mask)
+		asm_in  : asm_in_r(p0), asm_in_r(p1), asm_in_r(p2), asm_in_r(p3), asm_in_r(key)
+		asm_clobber : "memory"
+	);
+	return mask;
+}

code/duffle/dsl.h

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ Standard: c23
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wswitch"
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wuninitialized"
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmicrosoft-enum-forward-reference"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmicrosoft-fixed-enum"
 // #pragma comment(lib, "Advapi32.lib")
 // #pragma comment(lib, "gdi32.lib")
 // #pragma comment(lib, "Kernel32.lib")
@@ -41,8 +42,8 @@ Standard: c23
 #define glue(A, B)         glue_impl(A, B)
 #define tmpl(prefix, type) prefix ## _ ## type
 
-#define stringify_impl(S)        #S
+#define stringify_impl(...) #__VA_ARGS__
-#define stringify(S)             stringify_impl(S)
+#define stringify(...)      stringify_impl(__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #define VA_Sel_1( _1, ... ) _1 // <-- Of all th args passed pick _1.
 #define VA_Sel_2( _1, _2, ... ) _2 // <-- Of all the args passed pick _2.
@@ -54,54 +55,23 @@ Standard: c23
 #define LP_      static // static data within procedure scope
 #define internal static // internal
 
+#define attribute(directive) __attribute__((directive))
+
 #define asm           __asm__
 
-#define align_(value) __attribute__((aligned (value)))             // for easy alignment
+#define align_(value) attribute(aligned(value))              // for easy alignment
-#define C_(type,data) ((type)(data))                               // for enforced precedence
+#define C_(type,data) ((type)(data))                         // for enforced precedence
-#define expect_(x, y) __builtin_expect(x, y)                       // so compiler knows the common path
+#define expect_(x, y) __builtin_expect(x, y)                 // so compiler knows the common path
 #define cexpr_        __builtin_constant_p
 #define I_            internal inline
-#define FI_           inline   __attribute__((always_inline))      // inline always
+#define FI_           inline   attribute(always_inline)      // inline always
-#define NI_           internal __attribute__((noinline))           // inline never
+#define NI_           internal attribute(noinline)           // inline never
-#define RO_           __attribute__((section(".rodata")))          // Read only data allocation
+#define RO_           attribute(section(".rodata"))          // Read only data allocation
 #define T_            typeof                                       // 
 #define T_same(a,b)   _Generic((a), typeof((b)): 1, default: 0)
 
-#define R_    restrict 
+#define R_ restrict 
-#define V_    volatile 
+#define V_ volatile 
-
-// R_ (restrict) establishes an "Eigen" or "Proprius" mapping.
-// Unlike volatile (V_), which assumes the memory can be changed by anything,
-// R_ tells the compiler that this pointer holds the *sole*, private (idios) ownership of the memory slice. 
-// Writes to this memory are exclusively bound to this single symbolic mapping for the duration of the scope, guaranteeing  zero aliasing.
-
-#pragma region Fictional //, used for intiution
-
-#define EUB_  restrict // Execute Unit Bound:    Data is siloed in the ALU Register File. The Load/Store Unit is bypassed. (Route to Execution Unit.  Keep in registers)
-#define ISO_  restrict // Isolated Provenance:   Alternative to Exu_. Guarantees electrical memory isolation, 
-											 //                        unlocking the compiler’s ability to safely pack data across multiple parallel SIMD lanes (vectorization).
-#define LSU_  volatile // Load/Store Unit Bound: The compiler is forbidden from caching in registers. Forces physical L1 Cache matrix sampling.
-#define LIVE_ volatile // Live External Data:    Alternative to Lsu_ emphasizing the memory is tapped by an external electrical actor.
-
-#define latch_store  /* ~: atomic_store*/         // Blasts voltages from the Store Buffer into the L1 SRAM, physically flipping the cross-coupled inverters to lock the state.
-#define pulse_rfo    /* ~: atomic_xchg*/          // Broadcasts an electrical RFO (Request For Ownership) pulse across the CPU mesh network to invalidate other L1 caches.
-#define tact_acquire /* ~: memory_order_acquire*/ // Clamp. Sends a voltage signal to the instruction decoder to halt the Out-of-Order engine until the load resolves.
-#define tact_release /* ~: memory_order_release*/ // Drain. Forces the Store Buffer flip-flops to completely empty into the L1 cache before proceeding.
-
-// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Out-of-Order (OoO) Pipeline Modifiers
-// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-#define ooo_drift_  __ATOMIC_RELAXED // OoO engine allowed to drift
-#define ooo_anchor_ __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE // Anchor the Load Queue (halt spec lookahead)
-#define ooo_drain_  __ATOMIC_RELEASE // Drain the Store Buffer (force writeback)
-#define ooo_weld_   __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST // Weld pipeline (total order bus lock)
-
-// Latch operations with physical queue modifiers
-#define latch_load_anchor(ptr)       //__atomic_load_n(ptr, ooo_anchor_)
-#define latch_store_drain(ptr, val)  //__atomic_store_n(ptr, val, ooo_drain_)
-#define pulse_xchg_weld(ptr, val)    //__atomic_exchange_n(ptr, val, ooo_weld_)
-
-#pragma endregion Fictional
 
 #define r_(ptr)        C_(T_(ptr[0])*R_, ptr) // Constrain pointer to restrict
 #define v_(ptr)        C_(T_(ptr[0])V_*, ptr) // 
@@ -119,7 +89,7 @@ Standard: c23
 #define Array_expand(type,len)         type Array_sym(type, len)[len]; typedef PtrSet_(Array_sym(type, len))
 #define Array_(type,len)               Array_expand(type,len)
 #define Bit_(id,b)                     id = (1 << b), tmpl(id,pos) = b
-#define Enum_(underlying_type, symbol) underlying_type TSet_(symbol); enum symbol 
+#define Enum_(underlying_type, symbol) enum symbol : underlying_type TSet_(symbol); enum symbol : underlying_type
 #define Proc_(symbol)                  symbol
 #define Relative_(symbol)              // Does nothing but annotate that a symbol is associated with another.
 #define Struct_(symbol)                struct symbol   TSet_(symbol); struct symbol
@@ -164,8 +134,11 @@ typedef float F4_2 __attribute__((vector_size(16)));
 #define u8_v(value) C_(U8 V_*, value)
 enum { false = 0, true  = 1, true_overflow, };
 
+#define u2_lo(value) u1_(u2_(value))
+#define u2_hi(value) u1_(u2_(value) >> 8)
+
 #define u4_lo(value) ((value) & 0xFFFFU)
-#define u4_hi(value) ((value) >> 12)
+#define u4_hi(value) ((value) >> 16)
 
 typedef void Proc_(VoidFn) (void);
 
@@ -218,6 +191,10 @@ def_signed_ops(le, <=)
 #define dbg_args(...) __VA_ARGS__
 
 #pragma region Control Flow & Iteration
+#define jump_ne(a,b,label) if (a != b) goto label
+#define jump_gt(a,b,label) if (a >  b) goto label
+#define jump_lt(a,b,label) if (a <  b) goto label
+
 #define unreachable() __builtin_unreachable()
 
 #define each_iter(type, iter, end)             (type iter = 0; iter < end; ++ iter)
@@ -262,6 +239,10 @@ FI_ U8 atm_swap_u8(U8_R addr, U8 value){asm volatile("lock xchgq %0,%1":"=r"(val
 #pragma endregion Thread Coherence
 
 #pragma region Misc
+#define byte_pos(pos)         (pos * 8)
+#define byte_shift(value,pos) (value << byte_pos(pos))
+#define u4_byte_fill(value)   byte_shift(value,0) | byte_shift(value,1) | byte_shift(value,2) | byte_shift(value,3)
+
 enum {
 	Bitmask_3  = 0x00000007,
 	Bitmask_4  = 0x0000000f,
@@ -270,32 +251,8 @@ enum {
 	Bitmask_10 = 0x000003ff,
 };
 
-typedef Enum_(U4, WeekDay) {
+typedef Enum_(U4, WeekDay) { WeekDay_Sun, WeekDay_Mon, WeekDay_Tue, WeekDay_Wed, WeekDay_Thu, WeekDay_Fri, WeekDay_Sat, WeekDay_Num, };
-	WeekDay_Sun,
+typedef Enum_(U4, Month) { Month_Jan, Month_Feb, Month_Mar, Month_Apr, Month_May, Month_Jun, Month_Jul, Month_Aug, Month_Sep, Month_Oct, Month_Nov, Month_Dec, Month_Num, };
-	WeekDay_Mon,
-	WeekDay_Tue,
-	WeekDay_Wed,
-	WeekDay_Thu,
-	WeekDay_Fri,
-	WeekDay_Sat,
-	WeekDay_Num,
-};
-
-typedef Enum_(U4, Month) {
-	Month_Jan,
-	Month_Feb,
-	Month_Mar,
-	Month_Apr,
-	Month_May,
-	Month_Jun,
-	Month_Jul,
-	Month_Aug,
-	Month_Sep,
-	Month_Oct,
-	Month_Nov,
-	Month_Dec,
-	Month_Num,
-};
 
 typedef U8 DenseTime;
 

code/duffle/encoding.h

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ FI_ void u64_to_hex(U8 val, char* buf, S4 chars) {
 		for(S1 i = chars - 1; i >= 0; --i) { buf[i] = hex_chars[val & 0xF]; val >>= 4; }
 }
 
-internal UnicodeDecode
+I_ UnicodeDecode
 utf8_decode(U1* str, U1 max) {
 	UnicodeDecode result = {1, Max_U4};
 	U1 byte = str[0];

code/duffle/files.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 CLANG_OPTIMIZE_DISABLE
 
 // Most of this referenced from the RAD Debugger codebase.
-typedef Enum_(U4,AccessFlags) {
+typedef Enum_(U4, AccessFlags) {
   Bit_(AccessFlag_Read,       0),
   Bit_(AccessFlag_Write,      1),
   Bit_(AccessFlag_Execute,    2),
@@ -48,15 +48,17 @@ os_layer File file_open(FArena* scratch, AccessFlags flags, Str8 path);
 #define file_scope(scratch, flags, path) scope_info(Scope_FileInfo, {.f = file_open(scratch, flags, path)}, file_close(info.f))
 
 os_layer FileProperties properties_from_file(File file);
-os_layer U8             file_read(File file, R1_U8 rng, U1* out_data);
+os_layer U8             file_read (File file, R1_U8 rng, U1* out_data);
+os_layer U8             file_write(File file, R1_U8 rng, U1* data);
 
-internal Slice_U1
+I_ Slice_U1
 data_from_file_range(FArena* arena, File file, R1_U8 range) {
   U8       pre_pos = farena_save(arena[0]);
   U8       len     = span_r1u8(range);
   Slice_U1 result  = farena_push_array(arena, U1, len);
   U8 actual_read_size = file_read(file, range, result.ptr); if (actual_read_size < result.len) {
-		farena_rewind(arena, pre_pos + actual_read_size); result.len = actual_read_size;
+		U8 committed = align_pow2(actual_read_size, MEM_ALIGNMENT_DEFAULT);
+		farena_rewind(arena, pre_pos + committed); result.len = actual_read_size;
   }
   return result;
 }
@@ -67,4 +69,12 @@ data_from_file_path(FArena* arena, Str8 path, FArena* scratch) { file_scope(scra
 	Slice_U1       data  = data_from_file_range(arena, info.f, r1u8(0, props.size)); return data;
 } unreachable(); }
 
+I_ B4
+write_data_to_file_path(Str8 path, Str8 data, FArena* scratch) { 
+	B4 good = false; file_scope(scratch, AccessFlag_Write, path) if (file_match(info.f, file_zero()) == false) {
+		U8 bytes_written = file_write(info.f, r1u8(0, data.len), data.ptr); good = bytes_written == data.len; 
+	}
+	return good; 
+}
+
 CLANG_OPTIMIZE_ENABLE

code/duffle/memory.h

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #define MEM_ALIGNMENT_DEFAULT  4
 
-#define assert_bounds(point, start, end) for(;0;){ \
+#define assert_bounds(point, start, end) do{ \
 	assert((start) <= (point)); \
 	assert((point) <= (end));   \
 } while(0)
@@ -37,9 +37,19 @@ FI_ U8 mem_compare(U8 a, U8 b, U8 len) { return (U8)(__builtin_memcmp((void cons
 FI_ B4 mem_match  (U8 a, U8 b, U8 z)   { return mem_compare(a, b, z) == 0; }
 
 #define mem_match_struct(a,b)  mem_match(C_(U8,a), C_(U8,b), S_((a)[0]))
+#define mem_zero_struct(s) mem_zero(u8_(& s), S_(s))
+
+I_ void mem_push_aligned_typed(U8 start, U8 capacity, U8_R used, U8 amount, U4 alignment, U4 type_width, U8_R out_ptr, U8_R out_len) {
+	if (amount == 0) { out_ptr[0] = 0; out_len[0] = 0; return;  }
+	U8 desired   = amount * (type_width == 0 ? 1 : type_width);
+	U8 to_commit = align_pow2(desired, alignment ?  alignment : MEM_ALIGNMENT_DEFAULT);
+	U8 ptr       = start + used[0];
+	mem_bump_u8(start, capacity, used, to_commit);
+	out_ptr[0] = ptr;
+	out_len[0] = to_commit;
+}
 
 #pragma region DAG
-
 #define check_nil(nil, p) ((p) == 0 || (p) == nil)
 #define set_nil(nil, p)   ((p) = nil)
 
@@ -58,16 +68,13 @@ FI_ B4 mem_match  (U8 a, U8 b, U8 z)   { return mem_compare(a, b, z) == 0; }
 	)                         \
 )
 #define sll_queue_push_n(f, l, n, next) sll_queue_push_nz(0, f, l, n, next)
-
 #pragma endregion DAG
 
 #pragma region Slice
-
 typedef unsigned char TSet_(UTF8);
-typedef Struct_(Str8)         { UTF8* ptr; U8 len; };
+typedef Struct_(Str8)         { UTF8* ptr; U8 len; }; typedef Str8 Slice_UTF8;
-typedef Str8 Slice_UTF8;
 typedef Struct_(Slice_Str8)   { Str8* ptr; U8 len; };
-#define slit8(string_literal) (Str8){ (UTF8*) string_literal, S_(string_literal) - 1 }
+#define slit8(string_literal) ((Str8){ (UTF8*) string_literal, S_(string_literal) - 1 })
 #define str8(p,l) (Str8){p,l}
 
 typedef Struct_(Slice) { U8 ptr; U8 len; }; // Untyped Slice
@@ -81,7 +88,6 @@ FI_ Slice slice_ut_(U8 ptr, U8 len) { return (Slice){ptr, len}; }
 #define slice_ut(ptr,len)  slice_ut_(u8_(ptr),     u8_(len))
 #define slice_ut_arr(a)    slice_ut_(u8_(a),       S_(a))
 #define slice_to_ut(s)     slice_ut_(u8_((s).ptr), S_slice(s))
-
 #define slice_iter(container, iter)     (T_((container).ptr) iter = (container).ptr; iter != slice_end(container); ++ iter)
 #define slice_arg_from_array(type, ...) & (tmpl(Slice,type)) { .ptr = Array_decl(type,__VA_ARGS__), .len = Array_len( Array_decl(type,__VA_ARGS__)) }
 #define slice_from_array(type, array)     (tmpl(Slice,type)) { .ptr = array, .len = S_(array) }
@@ -105,11 +111,9 @@ typedef Slice_(U1);
 typedef Slice_(U2);
 typedef Slice_(U4);
 typedef Slice_(U8); 
-
 #pragma endregion Slice
 
 #pragma region FArena
-
 typedef Opt_(farena)    { U8 alignment, type_width; };
 typedef Struct_(FArena) { U8 start, capacity, used; };
 FI_ void farena_init(FArena_R arena, Slice mem) {  assert(arena != nullptr);
@@ -118,22 +122,37 @@ FI_ void farena_init(FArena_R arena, Slice mem) {  assert(arena != nullptr);
 	arena->used     = 0;
 }
 FI_ FArena farena_make(Slice mem) { FArena a; farena_init(& a, mem); return a; }
-I_  Slice  farena_push(FArena_R arena, U8 amount, Opt_farena o) {
+FI_ Slice  farena_push(FArena_R arena, U8 amount, Opt_farena o) { Slice res; 
-	if (amount == 0) { return (Slice){}; }
+	mem_push_aligned_typed(arena->start, arena->capacity, & arena->used, amount, o.alignment, o.type_width
-	U8 desired   = amount * (o.type_width == 0 ? 1 : o.type_width);
+		, & res.ptr, & res.len);
-	U8 to_commit = align_pow2(desired, o.alignment ?  o.alignment : MEM_ALIGNMENT_DEFAULT);
+	return res;
-	U8 ptr       = arena->start + arena->used;
-	mem_bump_u8(arena->start, arena->capacity, & arena->used, to_commit);
-	return (Slice){ ptr, to_commit };
 }
 FI_ void farena_reset (FArena_R arena) { arena->used = 0; }
-FI_ void farena_rewind(FArena_R arena, U4 save_point) {
+FI_ void farena_rewind(FArena_R arena, U8 save_point) {
-	U8 end       = arena->start + arena->used; assert_bounds(save_point, arena->start, end);
+	assert(save_point <= arena->used);
-	arena->used -= save_point - arena->start;
+	arena->used = save_point;
 }
 FI_ U8 farena_save(FArena arena) { return arena.used; }
-#define farena_push_(arena, amount, ...)                                          farena_push((arena), (amount), opt_(farena, __VA_ARGS__))
+#define farena_push_(arena, amount, ...)                                         farena_push((arena),(amount),opt_(farena,__VA_ARGS__))
-#define farena_push_type(arena, type, ...)                              C_(type*, farena_push((arena), 1,        opt_(farena, .type_width=S_(type), __VA_ARGS__)).ptr)
+#define farena_push_type(arena, type, ...)                              C_(type*,farena_push((arena),1,       opt_(farena,.type_width=S_(type),__VA_ARGS__)).ptr)
-#define farena_push_array(arena, type, amount, ...) (tmpl(Slice,type)){ C_(type*, farena_push((arena), (amount), opt_(farena, .type_width=S_(type), __VA_ARGS__)).ptr), (amount) }
+#define farena_push_array(arena, type, amount, ...) (tmpl(Slice,type)){ C_(type*,farena_push((arena),(amount),opt_(farena,.type_width=S_(type),__VA_ARGS__)).ptr),(amount) }
-
 #pragma endregion FArena
+
+#pragma region FStack
+#define FStack_(name, type, width) Struct_(name) { U8 top; type arr[width]; }
+
+FI_ Slice fstack_push(Slice mem, U8_R top, U8 amount, Opt_farena o) { Slice res; 
+	mem_push_aligned_typed(mem.ptr, mem.len, top, amount, o.alignment, o.type_width
+		, & res.ptr, & res.len);
+	return res;
+};
+
+// This is here more for annotation than anything else.
+#define fstack_save(stack)       stack.top
+#define fstack_rewind(stack, sp) do{stack.top = sp;}while(0)
+#define fstack_reset(stack)      do{stack.top = 0; }while(0)
+
+#define fstack_slice(stack) slice_ut_arr((stack).arr)
+#define fstack_push_(stk, amount, ...)                                         fstack_push(fstack_slice(stk),&(stk).top,(amount),opt_(farena,__VA_ARGS__))
+#define fstack_push_array(stk, type, amount, ...) (tmpl(Slice,type)){ C_(type*,fstack_push(fstack_slice(stk),&(stk).top,(amount),opt_(farena,.type_width=S_(type),__VA_ARGS__)).ptr),(amount) }
+#pragma endregion FStack

code/duffle/tables.h

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #ifdef INTELLISENSE_DIRECTIVES
 #	pragma once
 #	include "dsl.h"
+#	include "asm.h"
 #	include "memory.h"
 #	include "hashing.h"
 #	include "analysis.h"
 #endif
 
 #pragma region Key Table Linear (KTL)
-
+enum { KT_Slot_value = S_(U8), };
-enum { KT_SLot_value = S_(U8), };
 #define KTL_Slot_(type) Struct_(tmpl(KTL_Slot,type)) { \
 	U8   key;   \
 	type value; \
@@ -34,7 +34,22 @@ FI_ void ktl_populate_slice_a2_str8(KTL_Str8* kt, Slice_A2_Str8 values) {
 		mem_copy(u8_(& kt->ptr[id].value), u8_(& values.ptr[id][1]), S_(Str8));
 	}
 }
-#define ktl_str8_key(str)      hash64_fnv1a_ret(slice_to_ut(str8(str)), 0)
+#define ktl_str8_key(str)      hash64_fnv1a_ret(slice_to_ut(slit8(str)), 0)
-#define ktl_str8_from_arr(arr) (KTL_Str8){arr, array_len(arr)}
+#define ktl_str8_from_arr(arr) (KTL_Str8){arr, Array_len(arr)}
 
+FI_ Str8_R ktl_str8_find(KTL_Str8 table, U8 key) {
+	U8 i = 0;
+	while (table.len - i >= 4) {
+		KTL_Slot_Str8_R p = table.ptr + i;
+		U4 mask = find_aos_keys_mask_u8x4(& p[0].key, & p[1].key, & p[2].key, & p[3].key, key);
+		if (mask) return & table.ptr[i + C_(U8, count_trailing_zeros_u4(mask))].value;
+		i += 4;
+	}
+	while (i < table.len) {
+		if (table.ptr[i].key == key) return & table.ptr[i].value;
+		++ i;
+	}
+	assert(false);
+	return nullptr;
+}
 #pragma endregion KTL

code/duffle/text.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #	include "hashing.h"
 #	include "tables.h"
 #	include "analysis.h"
+#	include "asm.h"
 #endif
 
 // NOTE(rjf): Includes reverses for uppercase and lowercase hex.
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ RO_ U8 integer_symbol_reverse[128] = {
   0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,
 };
 
+FI_ B4   char_is_space(UTF8 c) { return(c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\f' || c == '\v'); }
 FI_ B4   char_is_upper(UTF8 c) { return('A' <= c && c <= 'Z'); }
 FI_ UTF8 char_to_lower(UTF8 c) { if (char_is_upper(c)) { c += ('a' - 'A'); } return(c); }
 FI_ B4   char_is_digit(UTF8 c, U4 base) {
@@ -122,8 +124,8 @@ I_ Str8 str8_from_u4_buf(Slice buf, U4 num, U4 radix, U4 min_digits, U4 digit_gr
 	/*Fill Prefix*/ if (info.prefix.len > 0) { slice_copy(result, info.prefix); }
 	return result;
 }
-I_ Str8 str8_fmt_ktl_buf(Slice buffer, KTL_Str8 table, Str8 fmt_template)
+
-{
+I_ Str8 str8_fmt_ktl_buf(Slice buffer, KTL_Str8 table, Str8 fmt_template){
 	slice_assert(buffer);
 	slice_assert(table);
 	slice_assert(fmt_template);
@@ -131,73 +133,46 @@ I_ Str8 str8_fmt_ktl_buf(Slice buffer, KTL_Str8 table, Str8 fmt_template)
 	U8     buffer_remaining = buffer.len;
 	UTF8_R cursor_fmt       = fmt_template.ptr;
 	U8     left_fmt         = fmt_template.len;
+	U1x16  needle_lt        = splat_u4_u1x16(u4_byte_fill('<'));
+	U1x16  needle_gt        = splat_u4_u1x16(u4_byte_fill('>'));
 	while (left_fmt && buffer_remaining)
 	{
 		// Forward until we hit the delimiter '<' or the template's contents are exhausted.
 		U8 copy_offset = 0;
-		if (cursor_fmt[0] == '<')
+		if (cursor_fmt[0] == '<') {
-		{
+			UTF8_R sig     = cursor_fmt + 1;
-			UTF8_R potential_token_cursor = cursor_fmt + 1; // Skip '<'
+			U8     sig_max = slice_end(fmt_template) - sig;
-			U8     potential_token_len    = 0;
+			U8     sig_len = find_u1_via_u1x16(sig, sig_max, '>', needle_gt);
-			B4     fmt_overflow           = false;
+			assert(sig_len < sig_max);
-			while(true) {
+
-				UTF8_R cursor       = potential_token_cursor + potential_token_len;
+			Str8_R value = ktl_str8_find(table, hash64_fnv1a_ret(slice_ut(sig, sig_len), 0));
-				fmt_overflow        = cursor >= slice_end(fmt_template);
+			U8     n     = min(buffer_remaining, value->len); 
-				B4 found_terminator = potential_token_cursor[potential_token_len] == '>';
+			assert((buffer_remaining - n) > 0); mem_copy(u8_(cursor_buffer), u8_(value->ptr), n);
-				if (fmt_overflow || found_terminator) { break; }
+			cursor_buffer    += n;
-				++ potential_token_len;
+			buffer_remaining -= n;
-			}
+			cursor_fmt        = sig + sig_len + 1;
-			if (fmt_overflow) { 
+			left_fmt         -= sig_len + 2;
-				// Failed to find a subst and we're at end of fmt, just copy segment.
+			continue;
-				copy_offset = 1 + potential_token_len; // '<' + token
-				goto write_to_buffer; 
-			}
-			// Hashing the potential token and cross checking it with our token table
-			U8 key = hash64_fnv1a_ret(slice_ut(u8_(potential_token_cursor), potential_token_len), 0);
-			Str8_R value = nullptr; for slice_iter(table, token) {
-				// We do a linear iteration instead of a hash table lookup because the user should never subst with more than 100 unqiue tokens..
-				if (token->key == key) { value = & token->value; break; }
-			}
-			if (value)
-			{
-				// We're going to appending the string, make sure we have enough space in our buffer.
-				// NOTE(Ed): this version doesn't support growing the buffer (No Allocator Interface)
-				assert((buffer_remaining - potential_token_len) > 0);
-				copy_offset = min(buffer_remaining, value->len); // Prevent Buffer overflow.
-				mem_copy(u8_(cursor_buffer), u8_(value->ptr), buffer_remaining);
-				// Sync cursor format to after the processed token
-				cursor_buffer    += copy_offset;
-				buffer_remaining -= copy_offset;
-				cursor_fmt        = potential_token_cursor + 1 + potential_token_len; // '<' + token
-				left_fmt         -= potential_token_len    + 2; // The 2 here are the '<' & '>' delimiters being omitted.
-				continue;
-			}
-			// If not a subsitution, we copy the segment and continue.
-			copy_offset = 1 + potential_token_len; // '<' + token
-			goto write_to_buffer;
 		}
-		else do {
+		U8 n = find_u1_via_u1x16(cursor_fmt, min(left_fmt, buffer_remaining), '<', needle_lt);
-			++ copy_offset;
+		assert((buffer_remaining - 1) > 0);  n = min(buffer_remaining, n);
-		} 
+		mem_copy(u8_(cursor_buffer), u8_(cursor_fmt), n);
-		while ( (cursor_fmt[copy_offset] != '<' && (cursor_fmt + copy_offset) < slice_end(fmt_template)) );
+		cursor_buffer    += n;
-	write_to_buffer:
+		cursor_fmt       += n;
-		assert((buffer_remaining - copy_offset) > 0);
+		buffer_remaining -= n;
-		copy_offset = min(buffer_remaining, copy_offset); // Prevent buffer overflow.
+		left_fmt         -= n;
-		mem_copy(u8_(cursor_buffer), u8_(cursor_fmt), copy_offset);
-		buffer_remaining -= copy_offset;
-		left_fmt         -= copy_offset;
-		cursor_buffer    += copy_offset;
-		cursor_fmt       += copy_offset;
 	}
-	return (Str8){C_(UTF8*, buffer.ptr), buffer.len - buffer_remaining};
+	return str8(C_(UTF8*,buffer.ptr), buffer.len - buffer_remaining);
 }
 
 typedef Struct_(Str8Gen) { UTF8* ptr; U8 cap, len; };
+FI_ Str8Gen str8gen_make(Slice s) { return (Str8Gen){C_(UTF8*,s.ptr), s.len, 0}; }
+
 FI_ Slice str8gen_buf(Str8Gen_R gen) { return (Slice){u8_(gen->ptr) + gen->len, gen->cap - gen->len}; }
 
 FI_ void str8gen_append_str8(Str8Gen_R gen, Str8 str) { assert(gen != nullptr);
-	mem_bump_u8(u8_(gen->ptr), gen->cap, & gen->len, str.len);
 	U8 ptr = u8_(gen->ptr) + gen->len;
+	mem_bump_u8(u8_(gen->ptr), gen->cap, & gen->len, str.len);
 	mem_copy(ptr, u8_(str.ptr), str.len);
 }
 FI_ void str8gen_append_fmt(Str8Gen_R gen, Str8 fmt, KTL_Str8 tbl) {
@@ -216,19 +191,42 @@ typedef Str16 Slice_UTF16;
 internal Str16
 str16_from_8(FArena* arena, Str8 in) {
   Str16 result = {0}; if (in.len) {
-    U8       cap = in.len * 2;
+    U8       pre_pos = farena_save(arena[0]);
-    Slice_U2 str = farena_push_array(arena, U2, cap + 1);
+    U8       cap     = in.len * 2;
+    Slice_U2 str     = farena_push_array(arena, U2, cap + 1);
     U1* ptr = in.ptr;
     U1* opl = ptr + in.len;
     U8 size = 0;
     UnicodeDecode consume;
-    for(;ptr < opl; ptr += consume.inc)
+    for(;ptr < opl; ptr += consume.inc) {
-    {
       consume = utf8_decode(ptr, opl - ptr);
       size   += utf16_encode(str.ptr + size, consume.codepoint);
     }
-    str.ptr[size] = 0; farena_rewind(arena, (cap - size) * 2);
+    str.ptr[size] = 0;
+    U8 committed = align_pow2((size + 1) * S_(U2), MEM_ALIGNMENT_DEFAULT);
+    farena_rewind(arena, pre_pos + committed);
     result = str16(C_(UTF16*, str.ptr), size);
   }
   return result;
 }
+
+// Formatter where serial operation is done on-demand per-entry.
+
+// enum {
+// 	KTL_Str8FmtEntry_InlaidSize = (S_(Str8) * 2) - S_(Str8Fmt_TokenKind),
+// };
+// typedef Enum_(U4, Str8Fmt_SerialOpKind) {
+// 	Str8Fmt_TKind_Str8,
+// 	Str8Fmt_Base16_U1,
+// 	Str8Fmt_Base16_U2,
+// 	Str8Fmt_Base10_U4,
+// };
+// typedef Struct_(KTL_Str8Fmt_SerialOp_Entry) {
+// 	union {
+// 		U1    InlaidData[KTL_Str8FmtEntry_InlaidSize];
+// 		Str8  str;
+// 		void* Ptr;
+// 	};
+// 	Str8Fmt_SerialOpKind kind;
+// };
+// typedef KTL_Slot_(KTL_Str8Fmt_SerialOp_Entry);

code/duffle/win32.h

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #	pragma once
 #	include "dsl.h"
 #	include "memory.h"
+#	include "files.h"
 #endif
 
 WinAPI void  ms_exit_process(U4 uExitCode)  asm("ExitProcess"); // Kernel 32
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ w32_date_time_from_system_time(DateTime* out, MS_SYSTEMTIME* in) {
 I_ void
 w32_dense_time_from_file_time(DenseTime* out, MS_FILETIME* in) {
 	MS_SYSTEMTIME systime = {0}; ms_filetime_to_systemtime(in, &systime); DateTime date_time = {0};
-	w32_date_time_from_system_time(&date_time, &systime); *out = dense_time_from_date_time(date_time);
+	w32_date_time_from_system_time(&date_time, &systime); out[0] = dense_time_from_date_time(date_time);
 }
 
 I_ FilePropertyFlags 
@@ -270,8 +271,9 @@ properties_from_file(File file) {
 
 internal File 
 file_open(FArena* scratch, AccessFlags flags, Str8 path) {
-	File result  = {0};
+	File result   = {0};
-	Str16 path16 = str16_from_8(scratch, path);
+	U8 scratch_at = farena_save(scratch[0]);
+	Str16 path16  = str16_from_8(scratch, path);
 	U4 access_flags         = 0;
 	U4 share_mode           = 0;
 	U4 creation_disposition = MS_OPEN_EXISTING;
@@ -289,6 +291,7 @@ file_open(FArena* scratch, AccessFlags flags, Str8 path) {
 	else {
 		U4 err = ms_get_last_error(); (void)err;
 	}
+	farena_rewind(scratch, scratch_at);
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -313,4 +316,20 @@ internal U8 file_read(File file, R1_U8 rng, U1* out_data) {
 	}
 	U8 total_read_size = off - rng.p0; return total_read_size;
 }
+
+internal U8 file_write(File file, R1_U8 rng, U1* data) {
+	if (file_match(file, file_zero())) { return 0; }
+	MS_Handle* handle = C_(MS_Handle*,file.ptr[0]);
+	U1 const*  ptr    = data;
+	U8 off = rng.p0; while (off != rng.p1) {
+		U8 amt64       = rng.p1 - off;
+		U4 amt32       = C_(U4, min(mega(32), amt64));
+		U4 write_size  = 0;
+		MS_OVERLAPPED overlapped = { .Offset = C_(U4,off), .OffsetHigh = C_(U4,off >> 32) };
+		if ( ! ms_write_file(handle, ptr, amt32, & write_size, & overlapped) || write_size == 0) { break; }
+		ptr += write_size;
+		off += write_size;
+	}
+	return off - rng.p0;
+}
 #endif

code/part_1/sim_8086.c

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "duffle/dsl.h"
+#include "duffle/asm.h"
 #include "duffle/analysis.h"
 #include "duffle/math.h"
 #include "duffle/memory.h"
@@ -10,6 +11,19 @@
 
 #include "duffle/win32.h"
 
+#include "8086/encoder.h"
+#include "8086/encoder_table.h"
+#include "8086/info.h"
+#include "8086/decoder.h"
+#include "8086/serializer.h"
+#include "8086/serializer_tables.h"
+#include "8086/gen/decoder_table.h"
+
+#include "8086/decoder.c"
+#include "8086/serializer.c"
+
+// #include "8086/decoder.h"
+
 typedef Struct_(U2_HL) { U1 Low; U1 High; };
 
 #define bitmask_(pos)              (1 << pos)
@@ -45,7 +59,6 @@ FI_ void a8utf8_from_u1_be(UTF8 out[8], U1 value) {
 
 I_ U4 binary_as_str8_eval_len(Slice_U1 data) { return data.len * 8; }
 
-#define jump_lt(a,b,label) if (a < b) goto label
 
 I_ Str8 binary_as_str8(Slice_U1 data, FArena* str8_mem) { Str8 result = {0};
 	U4 req_len = data.len * 8; jump_lt(str8_mem->capacity,req_len, jret);
@@ -54,25 +67,24 @@ I_ Str8 binary_as_str8(Slice_U1 data, FArena* str8_mem) { Str8 result = {0};
 	jret: return result;
 }
 
-typedef Enum_(U4, x86_Op) {
-	x86_mov
-};
-
-
 enum {
-	Scratchpad_Len = kilo(1),
+	Scratchpad_Len = kilo(16),
 	FileRam_Len    = kilo(16),
 };
 typedef Struct_(SMemory) {
 	U1 Scratchpad [Scratchpad_Len];
 	U1 FileRam    [FileRam_Len];
+
+	U1   decode_mem[kilo(64)];
+	UTF8 text_mem  [kilo(16)];
 };
 global SMemory smem;
 
 #define path_course_content "./course_content/perfaware/"
 #define path_part1          path_course_content "part1/"
 
-CLANG_OPTIMIZE_DISABLE
+typedef Slice_(X8616_DecodedInstruction);
+
 int main()
 {
 	FArena scratch    = farena_make(slice_ut_arr(smem.Scratchpad));
@@ -81,8 +93,35 @@ int main()
 	Str8 path_listing_0037_single_register_mov     = slit8(path_part1 "listing_0037_single_register_mov");
 	Str8 path_listing_0037_single_register_mov_asm = slit8(path_part1 "listing_0037_single_register_mov.asm");
 	Slice_U1 data = data_from_file_path(& file_arena, path_listing_0037_single_register_mov, & scratch);
+	farena_reset(& scratch);
+
+	FArena decode_arena =	farena_make(slice_ut_arr(smem.decode_mem));
+	Slice_X8616_DecodedInstruction decoded = farena_push_array(& decode_arena, X8616_DecodedInstruction, data.len);
+
+	X8616_DecodeInfo info = x8616_decode_(
+		.source           = data.ptr,
+		.source_len       = data.len,
+		.out_instructions = decoded.ptr,
+		.instruction_cap  = decoded.len,
+		.info_arena       = & decode_arena,
+	);
+	if (info.source_consumed != data.len || info.instruction_count == 0 || info.msgs.error_count || info.msgs.dropped_count) {
+		ms_exit_process(10);
+		return 10;
+	}
+	X8616_SerializeInfo text = x8616_serialize_instructions((X8616_SerializeRequest){
+		.instructions      = decoded.ptr,
+		.instruction_count = info.instruction_count,
+		.output            = slice_ut_arr(smem.text_mem),
+		.scratch           = slice_ut_arr(smem.Scratchpad),
+		.info_arena        = & decode_arena,
+		.msgs              = & info.msgs,
+	});
+	if (text.msgs.error_count || text.msgs.dropped_count || text.instructions_written != info.instruction_count) {
+		ms_exit_process(13);
+		return 13;
+	}
 
 	ms_exit_process(0);
 	return 0;
 }
-CLANG_OPTIMIZE_ENABLE

perfaware.proj

@@ -3,7 +3,12 @@
 target:
 {
   executable: "build/sim_8086.exe"
-  working_directory: ""
+  working_directory: "../perfaware"
-  enabled: 1
   label: "Sim 8086"
+  enabled: 1
+}
+target:
+{
+  executable: "build/decoder_table_generator.meta.exe"
+  working_directory: "../perfaware"
 }

scripts/build.ps1

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ if ((test-path $path_build) -eq $false) {
 $compiler  = "clang"
 $linker    = 'lld-link.exe'
 $objcopy   = 'llvm-objcopy'
+$objdump   = 'llvm-objdump'
 $archiver  = 'llvm-ar'
 
 # --- Compiler Flags: General / Compilation Mode ---
@@ -59,23 +60,23 @@ $f_charset_utf8          = '-utf-8'          # Source charset = UTF-8
 
 # --- Compiler Flags: Warnings ---
 # https://clang.llvm.org/docs/DiagnosticsReference.html
-$f_wall                  = '-Wall'
+$f_wall                              = '-Wall'
-$f_wextra                = '-Wextra'
+$f_wextra                            = '-Wextra'
-$f_werror                = '-Werror'
+$f_werror                            = '-Werror'
-$f_warnings_as_errors    = '-Werror'
+$f_warnings_as_errors                = '-Werror'
-$f_wno_attributes        = '-Wno-attributes'
+$f_wno_attributes                    = '-Wno-attributes'
-$f_warnings_ignore       = '-Wno-'           # Prefix; usage: $f_warnings_ignore + 'unused'
+$f_warnings_ignore                   = '-Wno-'           # Prefix; usage: $f_warnings_ignore + 'unused'
-$f_wno_unused_function   = '-Wno-unused-function'
+$f_wno_unused_function               = '-Wno-unused-function'
-$f_wno_unused_variable   = '-Wno-unused-variable'
+$f_wno_unused_variable               = '-Wno-unused-variable'
-$f_wno_switch            = '-Wno-switch'
+$f_wno_switch                        = '-Wno-switch'
-$f_wno_uninitialized     = '-Wno-uninitialized'
+$f_wno_uninitialized                 = '-Wno-uninitialized'
 $f_wno_implicit_function_declaration = '-Wno-implicit-function-declaration'
-$f_wno_ms_include        = '-Wno-microsoft-include'
+$f_wno_ms_include                    = '-Wno-microsoft-include'
-$f_wno_return_type_c_linkage = '-Wno-return-type-c-linkage'
+$f_wno_return_type_c_linkage         = '-Wno-return-type-c-linkage'
-$f_wno_main_return_type  = '-Wno-main-return-type'
+$f_wno_main_return_type              = '-Wno-main-return-type'
-$f_warning               = '-W'              # Prefix; usage: $f_warning + 'switch'
+$f_warning                           = '-W'              # Prefix; usage: $f_warning + 'switch'
-$f_pedantic              = '-Wpedantic'
+$f_pedantic                          = '-Wpedantic'
-$f_doc_warnings          = '-Wdocumentation'
+$f_doc_warnings                      = '-Wdocumentation'
 
 # --- Compiler Flags: Optimization ---
 $f_optimize_none         = '-O0'             # No optimization (debug default)
@@ -91,48 +92,49 @@ $f_lto                   = '-flto'           # Link-time optimization
 $f_lto_thin              = '-flto=thin'
 
 # --- Compiler Flags: Debug / Profile ---
-$f_debug                 = '-g'              # Debug info (default DWARF)
+$f_debug                  = '-g'              # Debug info (default DWARF)
-$f_debug_codeview        = '-gcodeview'      # CodeView debug format (MS tools)
+$f_debug_codeview         = '-gcodeview'      # CodeView debug format (MS tools)
-$f_debug_dwarf_4         = '-gdwarf-4'       # Specific DWARF version
+$f_debug_dwarf_4          = '-gdwarf-4'       # Specific DWARF version
-$f_debug_dwarf_5         = '-gdwarf-5'
+$f_debug_dwarf_5          = '-gdwarf-5'
 $f_debug_line_tables_only = '-gline-tables-only'
-$f_profiling_debug       = '-fdebug-info-for-profiling'
+$f_profiling_debug        = '-fdebug-info-for-profiling'
-$f_time_trace            = '-ftime-trace'    # Emit Chrome trace JSON
+$f_time_trace             = '-ftime-trace'    # Emit Chrome trace JSON
-$f_coverage_generate     = '-fprofile-instr-generate'
+$f_coverage_generate      = '-fprofile-instr-generate'
-$f_coverage_use          = '-fprofile-instr-use='
+$f_coverage_use           = '-fprofile-instr-use='
 
 # --- Compiler Flags: Code Generation ---
-$f_no_color_diagnostics  = '-fno-color-diagnostics'
+$f_no_color_diagnostics      = '-fno-color-diagnostics'
-$f_color_diagnostics     = '-fcolor-diagnostics'
+$f_color_diagnostics         = '-fcolor-diagnostics'
-$f_diagnostics_absolute  = '-fdiagnostics-absolute-paths'
+$f_diagnostics_absolute      = '-fdiagnostics-absolute-paths'
-$f_exceptions_disabled   = '-fno-exceptions'
+$f_exceptions_disabled       = '-fno-exceptions'
-$f_exceptions_enabled    = '-fexceptions'
+$f_exceptions_enabled        = '-fexceptions'
-$f_RTTI_disabled         = '-fno-rtti'
+$f_RTTI_disabled             = '-fno-rtti'
-$f_RTTI_enabled          = '-frtti'
+$f_RTTI_enabled              = '-frtti'
-$f_section_data          = '-fdata-sections'
+$f_section_data              = '-fdata-sections'
-$f_section_functions     = '-ffunction-sections'
+$f_section_functions         = '-ffunction-sections'
-$f_no_strict_alias       = '-fno-strict-aliasing'
+$f_no_strict_alias           = '-fno-strict-aliasing'
-$f_strict_aliasing       = '-fstrict-aliasing'
+$f_strict_aliasing           = '-fstrict-aliasing'
-$f_signed_char           = '-fsigned-char'
+$f_signed_char               = '-fsigned-char'
-$f_unsigned_char         = '-funsigned-char'
+$f_unsigned_char             = '-funsigned-char'
-$f_pic                   = '-fPIC'           # Position-independent code
+$f_pic                       = '-fPIC'           # Position-independent code
-$f_pie                   = '-fPIE'           # Position-independent executable
+$f_pie                       = '-fPIE'           # Position-independent executable
-$f_no_pic                = '-fno-pic'
+$f_no_pic                    = '-fno-pic'
-$f_no_pie                = '-fno-pie'
+$f_no_pie                    = '-fno-pie'
-$f_visible_hidden        = '-fvisibility=hidden'
+$f_visible_hidden            = '-fvisibility=hidden'
-$f_visible_default       = '-fvisibility=default'
+$f_visible_default           = '-fvisibility=default'
-$f_align_functions       = '-falign-functions='
+$f_align_functions           = '-falign-functions='
-$f_align_loops           = '-falign-loops='
+$f_align_loops               = '-falign-loops='
-$f_ms_extensions         = '-fms-extensions' # Allow MSVC language extensions
+$f_ms_extensions             = '-fms-extensions' # Allow MSVC language extensions
-$f_ms_compatibility      = '-fms-compatibility'
+$f_ms_compatibility          = '-fms-compatibility'
-$f_ms_runtime_lib_none   = '-fno-ms-runtime'
+$f_ms_runtime_lib_none       = '-fno-ms-runtime'
 $f_preprocess_non_integrated = '-no-integrated-cpp'
-$f_stack_protector       = '-fstack-protector'
+$f_stack_probes_disabled     = '-mno-stack-arg-probe' # Requires the fully committed stack in link-modules
-$f_stack_protector_strong = '-fstack-protector-strong'
+$f_stack_protector           = '-fstack-protector'
-$f_stack_protector_all   = '-fstack-protector-all'
+$f_stack_protector_strong    = '-fstack-protector-strong'
-$f_vptr                  = '-fvirtual-function-elimination'
+$f_stack_protector_all       = '-fstack-protector-all'
-$f_vectorize             = '-vectorize-loops'
+$f_vptr                      = '-fvirtual-function-elimination'
-$f_vectorize_slp         = '-vectorize-slp'
+$f_vectorize                 = '-vectorize-loops'
+$f_vectorize_slp             = '-vectorize-slp'
 
 # --- Compiler Flags: Sanitizers ---
 $f_sanitize_address       = '-fsanitize=address'
@@ -143,6 +145,9 @@ $f_sanitize_hwaddress     = '-fsanitize=hwaddress'
 $f_sanitize_address_safe  = '-fsanitize=address,safe-stack'
 $f_sanitize_cfi           = '-fsanitize=cfi'
 
+# --- Compiler Flags: Hardware Architecture ---
+$f_arch_haswell = '-march=haswell'
+
 # --- Compiler Flags: Environment / Target ---
 $f_no_stdlib             = '-nostdlib'
 $f_freestanding          = '-ffreestanding'
@@ -163,24 +168,6 @@ $f_verbose               = '-v'
 $f_set_stack_size        = '-stack='         # Stack size (linker-side, but accepted by clang)
 $f_symbol_prefix         = '-femit-all-decls'
 
-# --- Compiler Flags: MIPS Architecture (catalog parity with ps1/build_psyq.ps1) ---
-# Used by the PS1 cross-compile path (C:\projects\Pikuma\ps1). Not used by
-# the current Win32 build. Kept here so the catalog is complete.
-$f_arch_mips1            = '-march=mips1'
-$f_arch_mips2            = '-march=mips2'
-$f_arch_mips3            = '-march=mips3'
-$f_arch_abi32            = '-mabi=32'
-$f_arch_abi64            = '-mabi=64'
-$f_arch_little_endian    = '-EL'
-$f_arch_big_endian       = '-EB'
-$f_arch_fp32             = '-mfp32'
-$f_arch_no_pic           = '-fno-pic'
-$f_arch_no_shared        = '-mno-shared'
-$f_arch_no_abicalls      = '-mno-abicalls'
-$f_arch_no_llsc          = '-mno-llsc'
-$f_arch_no_gpopt         = '-mno-gpopt'
-$f_arch_no_stack_prot    = '-fno-stack-protector'
-
 # --- Linker Flags (passed via -Wl, to clang; or directly to gcc-style linkers) ---
 # These are GNU ld-style flags. When invoking lld-link.exe directly, prefer
 # the Win32-flavored flags below.
@@ -207,72 +194,82 @@ $f_link_no_as_needed     = '--no-as-needed'
 
 # --- Linker Flags (Win32 lld-link, used directly) ---
 # https://lld.llvm.org/windows_support.html
-$f_nologo                = '/NOLOGO'
+$f_nologo                       = '/NOLOGO'
-$f_link_win_no_incremental = '/INCREMENTAL:NO'
+$f_link_win_no_incremental      = '/INCREMENTAL:NO'
-$f_link_win_no_default_lib = '/NODEFAULTLIB'
+$f_link_win_no_default_lib      = '/NODEFAULTLIB'
-$f_link_win_subsystem_console = '/SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE'
+$f_link_win_subsystem_console   = '/SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE'
-$f_link_win_subsystem_windows = '/SUBSYSTEM:WINDOWS'
+$f_link_win_subsystem_windows   = '/SUBSYSTEM:WINDOWS'
-$f_link_win_subsystem_efi_app = '/SUBSYSTEM:EFI_APPLICATION'
+$f_link_win_subsystem_efi_app   = '/SUBSYSTEM:EFI_APPLICATION'
-$f_link_win_subsystem_native   = '/SUBSYSTEM:NATIVE'
+$f_link_win_subsystem_native    = '/SUBSYSTEM:NATIVE'
-$f_link_win_machine_32   = '/MACHINE:X86'
+$f_link_win_machine_32          = '/MACHINE:X86'
-$f_link_win_machine_64   = '/MACHINE:X64'
+$f_link_win_machine_64          = '/MACHINE:X64'
-$f_link_win_machine_arm  = '/MACHINE:ARM'
+$f_link_win_machine_arm         = '/MACHINE:ARM'
-$f_link_win_machine_arm64 = '/MACHINE:ARM64'
+$f_link_win_machine_arm64       = '/MACHINE:ARM64'
-$f_link_win_debug        = '/DEBUG'
+$f_link_win_debug               = '/DEBUG'
-$f_link_win_pdb          = '/PDB:'
+$f_link_win_pdb                 = '/PDB:'
-$f_link_win_path_output  = '/OUT:'
+$f_link_win_path_output         = '/OUT:'
-$f_link_win_map          = '/MAP:'
+$f_link_win_map                 = '/MAP:'
-$f_link_win_entry        = '/ENTRY:'
+$f_link_win_entry               = '/ENTRY:'
-$f_link_win_lib_path     = '/LIBPATH:'
+$f_link_win_lib_path            = '/LIBPATH:'
-$f_link_win_default_lib  = '/DEFAULTLIB:'
+$f_link_win_default_lib         = '/DEFAULTLIB:'
-$f_link_win_dll          = '/DLL'
+$f_link_win_dll                 = '/DLL'
-$f_link_win_optimize_ref = '/OPT:REF'        # Eliminate unreferenced data/functions
+$f_link_win_optimize_ref        = '/OPT:REF'     # Eliminate unreferenced data/functions
-$f_link_win_optimize_no_icf = '/OPT:NOICF'   # Disable identical COMDAT folding
+$f_link_win_optimize_no_icf     = '/OPT:NOICF'   # Disable identical COMDAT folding
-$f_link_win_optimize_no_ref = '/OPT:NOREF'   # Disable dead-strip
+$f_link_win_optimize_no_ref     = '/OPT:NOREF'   # Disable dead-strip
-$f_link_win_stack        = '/STACK:'
+$f_link_win_stack               = '/STACK:'
-$f_link_win_heap         = '/HEAP:'
+$f_link_win_heap                = '/HEAP:'
-$f_link_win_merge        = '/MERGE:'
+$f_link_win_merge               = '/MERGE:'
-$f_link_win_align        = '/ALIGN:'
+$f_link_win_align               = '/ALIGN:'
-$f_link_win_base         = '/BASE:'
+$f_link_win_base                = '/BASE:'
-$f_link_win_version      = '/VERSION:'
+$f_link_win_version             = '/VERSION:'
-$f_link_win_dynamic_base = '/DYNAMICBASE'
+$f_link_win_dynamic_base        = '/DYNAMICBASE'
-$f_link_win_release      = '/RELEASE'
+$f_link_win_release             = '/RELEASE'
-$f_link_win_force        = '/FORCE'
+$f_link_win_force               = '/FORCE'
-$f_link_win_verbose      = '/VERBOSE'
+$f_link_win_verbose             = '/VERBOSE'
-$f_link_win_wholearchive = '/WHOLEARCHIVE:'
+$f_link_win_wholearchive        = '/WHOLEARCHIVE:'
-$f_link_win_export       = '/EXPORT:'
+$f_link_win_export              = '/EXPORT:'
-$f_link_win_delay_load   = '/DELAYLOAD:'
+$f_link_win_delay_load          = '/DELAYLOAD:'
-$f_link_win_import       = '/IMPORT:'
+$f_link_win_import              = '/IMPORT:'
-$f_link_win_def          = '/DEF:'
+$f_link_win_def                 = '/DEF:'
-$f_link_win_manifest     = '/MANIFEST'
+$f_link_win_manifest            = '/MANIFEST'
-$f_link_win_manifest_no  = '/MANIFEST:NO'
+$f_link_win_manifest_no         = '/MANIFEST:NO'
-$f_link_win_manifest_uac = '/MANIFESTUAC:'
+$f_link_win_manifest_uac        = '/MANIFESTUAC:'
-$f_link_win_manifest_input = '/MANIFESTINPUT:'
+$f_link_win_manifest_input      = '/MANIFESTINPUT:'
-$f_link_win_section      = '/SECTION:'
+$f_link_win_section             = '/SECTION:'
-$f_link_win_swaprun      = '/SWAPRUN'
+$f_link_win_swaprun             = '/SWAPRUN'
-$f_link_win_driver       = '/DRIVER'
+$f_link_win_driver              = '/DRIVER'
 $f_link_win_large_address_aware = '/LARGEADDRESSAWARE'
-$f_link_win_fail_if_mismatch = '/FAILIFMISMATCH'
+$f_link_win_fail_if_mismatch    = '/FAILIFMISMATCH'
-$f_link_win_through      = '/THREADOPT'
+$f_link_win_through             = '/THREADOPT'
-$f_link_win_error_report = '/ERRORREPORT'
+$f_link_win_error_report        = '/ERRORREPORT'
-$f_link_win_repro        = '/BREPRO'
+$f_link_win_repro               = '/BREPRO'
-$f_link_win_safeseh      = '/SAFESEH'
+$f_link_win_safeseh             = '/SAFESEH'
-$f_link_win_guard_cf     = '/GUARD:CF'
+$f_link_win_guard_cf            = '/GUARD:CF'
-$f_link_win_guard_no_cf  = '/GUARD:NOCF'
+$f_link_win_guard_no_cf         = '/GUARD:NOCF'
-$f_link_win_pgo_run      = '/USEPROFILE'
+$f_link_win_pgo_run             = '/USEPROFILE'
-$f_link_win_pgo_gen      = '/PROFILE'
+$f_link_win_pgo_gen             = '/PROFILE'
-$f_link_win_idl          = '/IDLOUT:'
+$f_link_win_idl                 = '/IDLOUT:'
-$f_link_win_delay_unload = '/DELAY:UNLOAD'
+$f_link_win_delay_unload        = '/DELAY:UNLOAD'
-$f_link_win_compat_property = '/CETCOMPAT'
+$f_link_win_compat_property     = '/CETCOMPAT'
-$f_link_win_debug_fastlink = '/DEBUG:FASTLINK'
+$f_link_win_debug_fastlink      = '/DEBUG:FASTLINK'
-$f_link_win_lib_list     = '/LIB'
+$f_link_win_lib_list            = '/LIB'
 
 # --- Objcopy Flags ---
-$f_objcopy_format        = '-O'             # Output format
+$f_objcopy_format            = '-O'             # Output format
-$f_objcopy_add_section   = '--add-section'
+$f_objcopy_add_section       = '--add-section'
-$f_objcopy_update_section = '--update-section'
+$f_objcopy_update_section    = '--update-section'
 $f_objcopy_set_section_flags = '--set-section-flags'
 
+# --- Objdump Flags ---
+$f_objdump_disassemble        = '-d'                       # Disassemble all executable sections
+$f_objdump_machine            = '-M'                       # Usage: $f_objdump_machine + 'intel'
+$f_objdump_source_lines       = '-l'                       # Interleave source lines (requires -g)
+$f_objdump_no_raw_insn        = '--no-show-raw-insn'       # Omit hex bytes
+$f_objdump_reloc              = '-r'                       # Inline relocations
+$f_objdump_symbols            = '--disassemble-symbols='   # Usage: $f_objdump_symbols + 'main'
+$f_objdump_headers            = '-x'                       # All headers + sections (verbose)
+$f_objdump_section_contents   = '-s'                       # Raw section contents (hex dump)
+
 # --- Baseline Libraries (lld-link, Win32) ---
 $libraries_win32 = @(
     'kernel32.lib'
@@ -283,8 +280,7 @@ $libraries_win32 = @(
 
 # --- Functions ---
 
-function compile-unit {
+function compile-unit { param(
-    param(
         [string]   $unit,
         [string]   $link_module,
         [string[]] $include_paths,
@@ -293,10 +289,12 @@ function compile-unit {
     $compile_args = @()
     $compile_args += $f_std_c11
 	$compile_args += $f_all_c
+	$compile_args += $f_arch_haswell
 	$compile_args += $f_ms_ex
     $compile_args += $f_wall
     $compile_args += $f_wno_attributes
     $compile_args += $f_exceptions_disabled
+    $compile_args += $f_stack_probes_disabled
     $compile_args += $f_diagnostics_absolute
     $compile_args += $f_debug
     foreach ($p in $include_paths) {
@@ -313,8 +311,7 @@ function compile-unit {
     if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { write-error "Compilation failed for $unit. Aborting."; exit 1 }
 }
 
-function link-modules {
+function link-modules { param(
-    param(
         [string[]] $link_modules,
         [string]   $module,
         [string]   $pdb,
@@ -330,6 +327,7 @@ function link-modules {
     $link_args += $f_link_win_no_incremental
     $link_args += ($f_link_win_path_output + $module)
     $link_args += $f_link_win_subsystem_console
+    $link_args += ($f_link_win_stack + '262144,262144') # 256 KiB reserved
     $link_args += $f_link_win_debug
     $link_args += ($f_link_win_entry + 'main')
     $link_args += ($f_link_win_pdb + $pdb)
@@ -348,6 +346,53 @@ function link-modules {
     if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { write-error "Linking failed. Aborting."; exit 1 }
 }
 
+function dump-disassembly { param([string] $obj, [string] $exe)
+    $base    = [System.IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($exe)
+    $asm_obj = join-path $path_build "$base.obj.asm"
+    $asm_exe = join-path $path_build "$base.exe.asm"
+
+    $objdump_args = @()
+    $objdump_args += $f_objdump_disassemble
+    $objdump_args += ($f_objdump_machine + 'intel')
+    $objdump_args += $f_objdump_source_lines
+    $objdump_args += $f_objdump_no_raw_insn
+
+    write-host "Dumping object disassembly -> '$asm_obj'" -ForegroundColor DarkCyan
+    $time_to_objdump = Measure-Command { & $objdump $objdump_args $obj | Out-File -FilePath $asm_obj -Encoding utf8 }
+    write-host "Object disassembly took $($time_to_objdump.TotalMilliseconds)ms"
+    if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { write-error "objdump failed for $obj. Aborting."; exit 1 }
+
+    write-host "Dumping executable disassembly -> '$asm_exe'" -ForegroundColor DarkCyan
+    $time_to_objdump = Measure-Command { & $objdump $objdump_args $exe | Out-File -FilePath $asm_exe -Encoding utf8 }
+    write-host "Executable disassembly took $($time_to_objdump.TotalMilliseconds)ms"
+    if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { write-error "objdump failed for $exe. Aborting."; exit 1 }
+}
+
+function build-8086_decoder_table {
+	$includes = @(
+		$path_code
+	)
+	
+	$source_c = join-path $path_8086  'decoder_table_generator.meta.c'
+	$module_c = join-path $path_build 'decoder_table_generator.meta.o'
+
+    $compile_args = @()
+	$compile_args += $f_debug
+	$compile_args += $f_optimize_none
+	# $compile_args += $f_optimize_size
+    $compile_args += ($f_define + 'BUILD_DEBUG=1')
+
+    compile-unit $source_c $module_c $includes $compile_args
+
+    $pdb = join-path $path_build 'decoder_table_generator.meta.pdb'
+    $exe = join-path $path_build 'decoder_table_generator.meta.exe'
+
+    link-modules $module_c $exe $pdb @()
+
+    dump-disassembly $module_c $exe
+}
+# build-8086_decoder_table
+
 function build-part_1 {
     # The base lib uses subdir-prefixed includes (e.g. "duffle/dsl.h"),
     # so the include root is <code>, not <code>/duffle.
@@ -370,6 +415,7 @@ function build-part_1 {
     $exe = join-path $path_build 'sim_8086.exe'
 
     link-modules $module_c $exe $pdb @()
-}
 
+    dump-disassembly $module_c $exe
+}
 build-part_1