diff --git a/code/duffle/math.h b/code/duffle/math.h
index 4914623..119ef64 100644
--- a/code/duffle/math.h
+++ b/code/duffle/math.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ typedef Struct_(R1_U2){ U2 p0; U2 p1; };
 typedef Struct_(R1_U4){ U4 p0; U2 p1; };
 typedef Struct_(R1_U8){ U8 p0; U8 p1; };
 
+#define r1u4(p0,p1) (R1_U4){p0,p1}
 #define r1u8(p0,p1) (R1_U8){p0,p1}
 
 typedef Struct_(V2_U1){ U1 x; U1 y;};
diff --git a/code/duffle/memory.h b/code/duffle/memory.h
index 8ec9196..3e8c33f 100644
--- a/code/duffle/memory.h
+++ b/code/duffle/memory.h
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ typedef Struct_(Str8)         { UTF8* ptr; U8 len; };
 typedef Str8 Slice_UTF8;
 typedef Struct_(Slice_Str8)   { Str8* ptr; U8 len; };
 #define slit8(string_literal) (Str8){ (UTF8*) string_literal, S_(string_literal) - 1 }
+#define str8(p,l) (Str8){p,l}
 
 typedef Struct_(Slice) { U8 ptr; U8 len; }; // Untyped Slice
 FI_ Slice slice_ut_(U8 ptr, U8 len) { return (Slice){ptr, len}; }
diff --git a/code/part_1/sim_8086.c b/code/part_1/sim_8086.c
index c868c50..d292cc1 100644
--- a/code/part_1/sim_8086.c
+++ b/code/part_1/sim_8086.c
@@ -10,6 +10,55 @@
 
 #include "duffle/win32.h"
 
+typedef Struct_(U2_HL) { U1 Low; U1 High; };
+
+#define bitmask_(pos)              (1 << pos)
+#define bit_isolate(bitfield, pos) (bitmask_(pos) & value)
+
+#define serialize_bit(bitfield, pos) (bit_isolate(bitfield, pos) == bitmask_(pos) ? '1' : '0')
+
+typedef Enum_(U4, Endieaness) {
+	Little,
+	Big,
+};
+
+FI_ void a8utf8_from_u1_le(UTF8 out[8], U1 value) {
+	out[0] = serialize_bit(value, 7);
+	out[1] = serialize_bit(value, 6);
+	out[2] = serialize_bit(value, 5);
+	out[3] = serialize_bit(value, 4);
+	out[4] = serialize_bit(value, 3);
+	out[5] = serialize_bit(value, 2);
+	out[6] = serialize_bit(value, 1);
+	out[7] = serialize_bit(value, 0);
+}
+FI_ void a8utf8_from_u1_be(UTF8 out[8], U1 value) {
+	out[0] = serialize_bit(value, 0);
+	out[1] = serialize_bit(value, 1);
+	out[2] = serialize_bit(value, 2);
+	out[3] = serialize_bit(value, 3);
+	out[4] = serialize_bit(value, 4);
+	out[5] = serialize_bit(value, 5);
+	out[6] = serialize_bit(value, 6);
+	out[7] = serialize_bit(value, 7);
+}
+
+I_ U4 binary_as_str8_eval_len(Slice_U1 data) { return data.len * 8; }
+
+#define jump_lt(a,b,label) if (a < b) goto label
+
+I_ Str8 binary_as_str8(Slice_U1 data, FArena* str8_mem) { Str8 result = {0};
+	U4 req_len = data.len * 8; jump_lt(str8_mem->capacity,req_len, jret);
+	   result  = farena_push_array(str8_mem, UTF8, req_len);
+	for index_iter(U4,cursor, 0,<,req_len) { a8utf8_from_u1_le(result.ptr + cursor, data.ptr[cursor]); }
+	jret: return result;
+}
+
+typedef Enum_(U4, x86_Op) {
+	x86_mov
+};
+
+
 enum {
 	Scratchpad_Len = kilo(1),
 	FileRam_Len    = kilo(16),