diff --git a/src/qwen_adapter.py b/src/qwen_adapter.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aadb6faf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/qwen_adapter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import Any
+import dashscope
+from dashscope.common.error import (
+ AuthenticationError,
+ InvalidParameter,
+ RequestFailure,
+ ServiceUnavailableError,
+ TimeoutException,
+)
+from src.ai_client import ProviderError
+
+dashscope.common.error.InvalidApiKey = dashscope.common.error.AuthenticationError
+
+def build_dashscope_tools(openai_tools: list[dict[str, Any]]) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+ out: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+ for t in openai_tools:
+  if t.get("type") != "function":
+   continue
+  fn = t.get("function", {})
+  out.append({
+   "name": fn.get("name", ""),
+   "description": fn.get("description", ""),
+   "parameters": fn.get("parameters", {"type": "object", "properties": {}}),
+  })
+ return out
+
+def classify_dashscope_error(exc: Exception) -> ProviderError:
+ if isinstance(exc, AuthenticationError):
+  return ProviderError(kind="auth", provider="qwen", original=exc)
+ if isinstance(exc, TimeoutException):
+  return ProviderError(kind="rate_limit", provider="qwen", original=exc)
+ if isinstance(exc, ServiceUnavailableError):
+  return ProviderError(kind="quota", provider="qwen", original=exc)
+ if isinstance(exc, InvalidParameter):
+  return ProviderError(kind="quota", provider="qwen", original=exc)
+ if isinstance(exc, RequestFailure):
+  return ProviderError(kind="network", provider="qwen", original=exc)
+ return ProviderError(kind="unknown", provider="qwen", original=exc)