diff --git a/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621/artifacts/phase1.log b/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621/artifacts/phase1.log
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a5c9f9c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621/artifacts/phase1.log
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Phase 1 Acquire for multiscale_hoffman: https://youtu.be/YnfaT5APPB0
+Artifacts: C:\projects\manual_slop\conductor\tracks\video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621\artifacts
+Step 1: extract_transcript (yt-dlp VTT directly)
+  OK: wrote C:\projects\manual_slop\conductor\tracks\video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621\artifacts\transcript.json (4920 segments)
+Step 2: download_video
+  OK: wrote C:\projects\manual_slop\conductor\tracks\video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621\artifacts\video.mp4 (105416589 bytes)
+{
+  "status": "ok",
+  "video_path": "C:\\projects\\manual_slop\\conductor\\tracks\\video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621\\artifacts\\video.mp4",
+  "transcript_path": "C:\\projects\\manual_slop\\conductor\\tracks\\video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621\\artifacts\\transcript.json"
+}
diff --git a/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621/artifacts/transcript.json b/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621/artifacts/transcript.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9febdaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621/artifacts/transcript.json
@@ -0,0 +1,34298 @@
+{
+  "video_id": "YnfaT5APPB0",
+  "segments": [
+    {
+      "start": 0.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay,<00:00:01.120><c> so</c><00:00:01.320><c> multi-scale</c><00:00:01.880><c> logic</c><00:00:02.280><c> of</c><00:00:02.360><c> collective</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay, so multi-scale logic of collective"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2.7199999999999998,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay, so multi-scale logic of collective intelligence"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "intelligence"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "intelligence and<00:00:04.280><c> it's</c><00:00:04.960><c> what</c><00:00:05.120><c> we</c><00:00:05.240><c> call</c><00:00:05.440><c> the</c><00:00:05.800><c> the</c><00:00:05.920><c> recursive</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 6.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and it's what we call the the recursive"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 6.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and it's what we call the the recursive trace<00:00:06.800><c> logic.</c><00:00:07.320><c> So,</c><00:00:07.480><c> we've</c><00:00:07.600><c> had</c><00:00:07.760><c> the</c><00:00:07.840><c> trace</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 8.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic. So, we've had the trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 8.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic. So, we've had the trace logic<00:00:08.440><c> for</c><00:00:09.120><c> couple</c><00:00:09.400><c> years,</c><00:00:09.800><c> but</c><00:00:10.640><c> in</c><00:00:10.760><c> the</c><00:00:10.840><c> last</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 11.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "logic for couple years, but in the last"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 11.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "logic for couple years, but in the last couple<00:00:11.320><c> months</c><00:00:11.800><c> discovered</c><00:00:12.360><c> a</c><00:00:12.840><c> a</c><00:00:12.920><c> recursive</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 14.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "couple months discovered a a recursive"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 14.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "couple months discovered a a recursive aspect<00:00:14.640><c> to</c><00:00:14.760><c> it</c><00:00:14.880><c> that</c><00:00:15.120><c> will</c><00:00:15.280><c> lead</c><00:00:15.520><c> into</c><00:00:15.800><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 15.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "aspect to it that will lead into the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 15.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "aspect to it that will lead into the notion<00:00:16.240><c> of</c><00:00:16.360><c> agency</c><00:00:16.800><c> that's</c><00:00:17.320><c> that's</c><00:00:17.520><c> novel.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 17.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of agency that's that's novel."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 17.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of agency that's that's novel. So,<00:00:18.080><c> this</c><00:00:18.240><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 18.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, this is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 18.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, this is this<00:00:19.080><c> is</c><00:00:19.160><c> different</c><00:00:19.480><c> Chris</c><00:00:19.720><c> than</c><00:00:19.880><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 20.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this is different Chris than the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 20.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this is different Chris than the conscious<00:00:21.200><c> agent</c><00:00:21.480><c> theory.</c><00:00:21.720><c> It's</c><00:00:21.880><c> a</c><00:00:21.920><c> different</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 22.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conscious agent theory. It's a different"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 22.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conscious agent theory. It's a different notion<00:00:22.480><c> of</c><00:00:22.560><c> agency</c><00:00:22.920><c> that</c><00:00:23.040><c> we've</c><00:00:23.200><c> had</c><00:00:23.360><c> before.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 24.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of agency that we've had before."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 24.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of agency that we've had before. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 25.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 25.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um So,<00:00:25.880><c> the</c><00:00:26.000><c> big</c><00:00:26.200><c> topics</c><00:00:26.560><c> I'd</c><00:00:26.640><c> like</c><00:00:26.840><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 30.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Can<00:00:30.960><c> you</c><00:00:31.040><c> guys</c><00:00:31.240><c> see</c><00:00:31.400><c> me?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 32.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Can you guys see me?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 32.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Can you guys see me? Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 33.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 33.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Okay."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 35.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So,<00:00:36.600><c> so</c><00:00:37.000><c> I'm</c><00:00:37.120><c> going</c><00:00:37.240><c> to</c><00:00:37.320><c> talk</c><00:00:37.480><c> a</c><00:00:37.520><c> little</c><00:00:37.640><c> bit</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 37.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, so I'm going to talk a little bit"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 37.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, so I'm going to talk a little bit about<00:00:38.160><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 39.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 39.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about um collective<00:00:39.480><c> intelligence,</c><00:00:40.160><c> our</c><00:00:40.440><c> our</c><00:00:40.560><c> model</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 40.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "collective intelligence, our our model"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 40.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "collective intelligence, our our model of<00:00:40.920><c> collective</c><00:00:41.240><c> intelligence,</c><00:00:42.400><c> how</c><00:00:42.560><c> it</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 42.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of collective intelligence, how it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 42.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of collective intelligence, how it involves<00:00:43.680><c> coarse</c><00:00:43.960><c> graining,</c><00:00:44.320><c> which</c><00:00:44.520><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 44.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "involves coarse graining, which is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 44.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "involves coarse graining, which is important<00:00:45.160><c> to</c><00:00:45.240><c> you</c><00:00:45.320><c> guys,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 46.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "important to you guys,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 46.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "important to you guys, how<00:00:46.920><c> it</c><00:00:47.000><c> involves</c><00:00:47.360><c> generative</c><00:00:47.840><c> models,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 48.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how it involves generative models,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 48.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how it involves generative models, minimizing<00:00:49.200><c> surprise</c><00:00:49.880><c> automatically,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 51.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimizing surprise automatically,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 51.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimizing surprise automatically, bending<00:00:51.880><c> problem</c><00:00:52.280><c> spaces,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 53.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bending problem spaces,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 53.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bending problem spaces, a<00:00:53.920><c> recursive</c><00:00:54.520><c> notion</c><00:00:54.880><c> of</c><00:00:55.040><c> agency</c><00:00:55.560><c> and</c><00:00:55.760><c> self,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 57.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a recursive notion of agency and self,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 57.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a recursive notion of agency and self, a<00:00:57.280><c> new</c><00:00:57.520><c> intelligence</c><00:00:58.120><c> metric</c><00:00:58.560><c> for</c><00:00:59.000><c> for</c><00:00:59.200><c> agents</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 60.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a new intelligence metric for for agents"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 60.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a new intelligence metric for for agents we'll<00:01:00.280><c> call</c><00:01:00.840><c> lambda</c><00:01:01.200><c> sub</c><00:01:01.360><c> two</c><00:01:01.680><c> and</c><00:01:01.920><c> and</c><00:01:02.040><c> its</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 62.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we'll call lambda sub two and and its"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 62.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we'll call lambda sub two and and its relationship<00:01:02.640><c> to</c><00:01:02.760><c> your</c><00:01:03.000><c> measure</c><00:01:03.360><c> K,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 64.509,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relationship to your measure K,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 64.519,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relationship to your measure K, and<00:01:05.239><c> then</c><00:01:05.960><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 67.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and then um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 67.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and then um how<00:01:07.240><c> this</c><00:01:07.400><c> is</c><00:01:07.520><c> all</c><00:01:07.680><c> beyond</c><00:01:08.080><c> space-time</c><00:01:08.840><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 69.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how this is all beyond space-time and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 69.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how this is all beyond space-time and and<00:01:09.200><c> quantum</c><00:01:09.600><c> theory</c><00:01:10.000><c> and</c><00:01:10.800><c> I'll</c><00:01:10.960><c> start</c><00:01:11.240><c> there</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 71.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and quantum theory and I'll start there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 71.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and quantum theory and I'll start there just<00:01:12.840><c> briefly</c><00:01:13.160><c> about</c><00:01:13.480><c> why</c><00:01:13.680><c> I'm</c><00:01:13.800><c> thinking</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 74.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just briefly about why I'm thinking"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 74.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just briefly about why I'm thinking entirely<00:01:14.520><c> outside</c><00:01:14.840><c> of</c><00:01:14.920><c> space-time</c><00:01:15.440><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 75.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "entirely outside of space-time and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 75.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "entirely outside of space-time and quantum<00:01:15.960><c> theory.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 77.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum theory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 77.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum theory. The<00:01:17.800><c> idea</c><00:01:18.160><c> is</c><00:01:18.280><c> that</c><00:01:18.760><c> high</c><00:01:18.880><c> energy</c><00:01:19.720><c> theoretical</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 80.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The idea is that high energy theoretical"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 80.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The idea is that high energy theoretical physicists<00:01:21.080><c> have</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 82.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "physicists have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 82.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "physicists have are<00:01:22.520><c> done</c><00:01:22.760><c> with</c><00:01:22.880><c> space-time.</c><00:01:23.640><c> They</c><00:01:23.800><c> say</c><00:01:23.960><c> it's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 84.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are done with space-time. They say it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 84.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are done with space-time. They say it's not<00:01:24.280><c> fundamental.</c><00:01:24.840><c> So,</c><00:01:25.360><c> here's</c><00:01:25.600><c> Nima</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 85.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "not fundamental. So, here's Nima"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 85.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "not fundamental. So, here's Nima Arkani-Hamed<00:01:26.720><c> at</c><00:01:26.800><c> the</c><00:01:26.880><c> Institute</c><00:01:27.120><c> for</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 87.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Arkani-Hamed at the Institute for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 87.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Arkani-Hamed at the Institute for Advanced<00:01:27.520><c> Study.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 88.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Advanced Study."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 88.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Advanced Study. Space-time<00:01:29.320><c> is</c><00:01:29.400><c> doomed.</c><00:01:29.760><c> There's</c><00:01:29.960><c> no</c><00:01:30.120><c> such</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 90.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Space-time is doomed. There's no such"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 90.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Space-time is doomed. There's no such thing<00:01:30.560><c> as</c><00:01:30.640><c> space-time</c><00:01:31.360><c> fundamentally</c><00:01:32.560><c> in</c><00:01:32.720><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 92.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thing as space-time fundamentally in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 92.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thing as space-time fundamentally in the actual<00:01:33.160><c> underlying</c><00:01:33.600><c> description</c><00:01:34.080><c> of</c><00:01:34.160><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 94.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "actual underlying description of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 94.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "actual underlying description of the laws<00:01:34.520><c> of</c><00:01:34.640><c> physics.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 95.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "laws of physics."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 95.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "laws of physics. And<00:01:36.040><c> he's</c><00:01:36.680><c> he</c><00:01:36.800><c> makes</c><00:01:37.000><c> it</c><00:01:37.080><c> very</c><00:01:37.280><c> very</c><00:01:37.480><c> clear</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 97.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And he's he makes it very very clear"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 97.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And he's he makes it very very clear that<00:01:37.880><c> he's</c><00:01:38.360><c> saying</c><00:01:38.960><c> you</c><00:01:39.080><c> know,</c><00:01:39.360><c> space-time</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 100.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that he's saying you know, space-time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 100.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that he's saying you know, space-time and<00:01:40.800><c> anything</c><00:01:41.240><c> inside</c><00:01:41.640><c> space-time</c><00:01:42.720><c> and</c><00:01:42.840><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 102.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and anything inside space-time and that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 103.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and anything inside space-time and that includes<00:01:43.680><c> anything</c><00:01:44.280><c> with</c><00:01:44.520><c> unitary</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 104.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "includes anything with unitary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 104.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "includes anything with unitary evolution.<00:01:45.680><c> He</c><00:01:46.400><c> quantum</c><00:01:46.680><c> theory</c><00:01:47.120><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 107.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "evolution. He quantum theory in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 107.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "evolution. He quantum theory in particular.<00:01:47.800><c> So,</c><00:01:48.000><c> he's</c><00:01:48.160><c> going</c><00:01:48.440><c> beyond</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 108.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "particular. So, he's going beyond"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 108.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "particular. So, he's going beyond space-time<00:01:49.240><c> and</c><00:01:49.360><c> quantum</c><00:01:49.680><c> theory.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 110.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time and quantum theory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 110.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time and quantum theory. And<00:01:51.080><c> it's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 112.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 113.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And it's it's<00:01:53.120><c> not</c><00:01:53.320><c> just</c><00:01:53.520><c> him.</c><00:01:53.920><c> It's</c><00:01:54.480><c> because</c><00:01:54.840><c> of</c><00:01:54.920><c> his</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 115.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's not just him. It's because of his"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 115.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's not just him. It's because of his success<00:01:55.800><c> and</c><00:01:56.040><c> and</c><00:01:56.400><c> his</c><00:01:56.600><c> collaborators</c><00:01:57.640><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 117.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "success and and his collaborators the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 117.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "success and and his collaborators the ERC<00:01:58.440><c> has</c><00:01:58.720><c> funded</c><00:01:59.640><c> a</c><00:02:00.640><c> 10</c><00:02:00.920><c> million</c><00:02:01.320><c> euro</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 121.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ERC has funded a 10 million euro"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 121.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ERC has funded a 10 million euro initiative<00:02:02.360><c> called</c><00:02:02.600><c> Universe</c><00:02:03.040><c> Plus</c><00:02:04.000><c> and</c><00:02:04.160><c> it's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 124.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "initiative called Universe Plus and it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 124.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "initiative called Universe Plus and it's all<00:02:04.480><c> about</c><00:02:04.960><c> going</c><00:02:05.240><c> entirely</c><00:02:05.760><c> beyond</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 126.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all about going entirely beyond"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 126.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all about going entirely beyond space-time<00:02:06.760><c> and</c><00:02:06.840><c> entirely</c><00:02:07.240><c> beyond</c><00:02:07.480><c> quantum</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 127.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time and entirely beyond quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 127.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time and entirely beyond quantum theory.<00:02:08.759><c> Looking</c><00:02:09.360><c> for</c><00:02:09.880><c> what</c><00:02:10.039><c> they're</c><00:02:10.200><c> calling</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 130.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory. Looking for what they're calling"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 130.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory. Looking for what they're calling positive<00:02:10.960><c> geometries.</c><00:02:11.640><c> And</c><00:02:11.720><c> so,</c><00:02:11.840><c> there's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 134.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "positive geometries. And so, there's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 134.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "positive geometries. And so, there's over<00:02:14.360><c> a</c><00:02:14.440><c> hundred</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 135.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "over a hundred"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 135.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "over a hundred high<00:02:15.760><c> energy</c><00:02:16.040><c> theoretical</c><00:02:16.480><c> physicists</c><00:02:16.960><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 137.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "high energy theoretical physicists and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 137.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "high energy theoretical physicists and mathematicians<00:02:17.840><c> now</c><00:02:18.440><c> working</c><00:02:19.320><c> on</c><00:02:19.520><c> this</c><00:02:19.720><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 139.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mathematicians now working on this and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 139.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mathematicians now working on this and they're<00:02:19.960><c> finding</c><00:02:20.320><c> stuff</c><00:02:20.600><c> and</c><00:02:20.720><c> I</c><00:02:20.840><c> can</c><00:02:21.000><c> talk</c><00:02:21.240><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 141.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they're finding stuff and I can talk a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 141.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they're finding stuff and I can talk a little<00:02:21.480><c> bit</c><00:02:21.600><c> about</c><00:02:22.280><c> how</c><00:02:22.480><c> it's</c><00:02:22.640><c> related</c><00:02:23.040><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 143.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "little bit about how it's related to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 143.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "little bit about how it's related to what<00:02:23.280><c> we're</c><00:02:23.440><c> finding,</c><00:02:23.800><c> but</c><00:02:23.920><c> they're</c><00:02:24.080><c> finding</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 144.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what we're finding, but they're finding"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 144.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what we're finding, but they're finding these<00:02:24.560><c> positive</c><00:02:25.040><c> geometries</c><00:02:26.000><c> that</c><00:02:26.240><c> give</c><00:02:26.480><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 146.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "these positive geometries that give you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 146.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "these positive geometries that give you scattering<00:02:27.040><c> amplitudes</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 148.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scattering amplitudes"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 148.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scattering amplitudes without<00:02:29.400><c> any</c><00:02:29.800><c> quantum</c><00:02:30.040><c> theory</c><00:02:30.440><c> whatsoever.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 151.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "without any quantum theory whatsoever."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 151.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "without any quantum theory whatsoever. And<00:02:31.760><c> you</c><00:02:31.960><c> and</c><00:02:32.080><c> you</c><00:02:32.160><c> get</c><00:02:32.280><c> it</c><00:02:32.400><c> much</c><00:02:32.560><c> more</c><00:02:32.760><c> easily</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 153.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And you and you get it much more easily"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 153.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And you and you get it much more easily than"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 154.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "than"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 154.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "than and<00:02:34.960><c> more</c><00:02:35.160><c> simply</c><00:02:35.600><c> than</c><00:02:35.840><c> with</c><00:02:36.000><c> quantum</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 156.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and more simply than with quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 156.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and more simply than with quantum theory.<00:02:36.640><c> So,</c><00:02:36.760><c> it's</c><00:02:36.880><c> it's</c><00:02:37.120><c> really</c><00:02:37.800><c> quite</c><00:02:38.360><c> quite</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 158.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory. So, it's it's really quite quite"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 158.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory. So, it's it's really quite quite striking.<00:02:39.000><c> So,</c><00:02:39.560><c> so</c><00:02:39.680><c> I'm</c><00:02:39.800><c> stepping</c><00:02:40.160><c> entirely</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 160.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "striking. So, so I'm stepping entirely"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 160.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "striking. So, so I'm stepping entirely outside<00:02:41.240><c> of</c><00:02:41.280><c> space-time.</c><00:02:41.720><c> Yeah.</c><00:02:42.360><c> Sorry,</c><00:02:42.920><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 163.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "outside of space-time. Yeah. Sorry, just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 163.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "outside of space-time. Yeah. Sorry, just a<00:02:43.160><c> quick</c><00:02:43.360><c> question.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 164.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a quick question."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 164.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a quick question. Maybe<00:02:44.600><c> maybe</c><00:02:44.840><c> naive,</c><00:02:45.160><c> but</c><00:02:45.680><c> this</c><00:02:46.160><c> I</c><00:02:46.240><c> just</c><00:02:46.400><c> want</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 166.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Maybe maybe naive, but this I just want"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 166.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Maybe maybe naive, but this I just want to<00:02:46.560><c> understand</c><00:02:46.880><c> this</c><00:02:47.080><c> this</c><00:02:47.280><c> idea</c><00:02:47.640><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 168.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to understand this this idea of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 168.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to understand this this idea of space-time<00:02:48.560><c> being</c><00:02:48.760><c> doomed.</c><00:02:49.240><c> So,</c><00:02:49.880><c> on</c><00:02:50.160><c> on</c><00:02:50.280><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 170.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time being doomed. So, on on that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 170.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time being doomed. So, on on that view<00:02:50.640><c> if</c><00:02:50.760><c> that</c><00:02:50.960><c> were</c><00:02:51.080><c> correct,</c><00:02:52.000><c> what</c><00:02:52.240><c> is</c><00:02:52.440><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 172.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "view if that were correct, what is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 172.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "view if that were correct, what is the status<00:02:53.160><c> of</c><00:02:53.560><c> let's</c><00:02:53.760><c> say</c><00:02:53.920><c> general</c><00:02:54.400><c> relativity?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 174.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "status of let's say general relativity?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 174.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "status of let's say general relativity? What<00:02:55.160><c> what</c><00:02:55.800><c> does</c><00:02:55.960><c> it</c><00:02:56.080><c> refer</c><00:02:56.480><c> to</c><00:02:56.640><c> you</c><00:02:56.760><c> know,</c><00:02:56.880><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 177.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What what does it refer to you know, is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 177.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What what does it refer to you know, is it<00:02:57.440><c> completely</c><00:02:57.880><c> to</c><00:02:57.960><c> be</c><00:02:58.120><c> supplanted</c><00:02:58.600><c> like</c><00:02:58.760><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 178.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it completely to be supplanted like what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 178.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it completely to be supplanted like what what<00:02:59.200><c> what</c><00:02:59.320><c> is</c><00:02:59.400><c> that</c><00:02:59.560><c> theory</c><00:02:59.840><c> about</c><00:03:00.200><c> then</c><00:03:00.360><c> if</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 181.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what what is that theory about then if"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 181.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what what is that theory about then if Right.<00:03:01.880><c> So,</c><00:03:02.440><c> the</c><00:03:02.640><c> idea</c><00:03:03.000><c> is</c><00:03:03.200><c> that</c><00:03:03.480><c> the</c><00:03:03.600><c> very</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 183.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. So, the idea is that the very"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 183.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. So, the idea is that the very notions<00:03:04.560><c> of</c><00:03:04.680><c> space</c><00:03:05.080><c> and</c><00:03:05.240><c> time,</c><00:03:05.680><c> even</c><00:03:06.520><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 186.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notions of space and time, even the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 186.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notions of space and time, even the combination"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 188.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "combination"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 188.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "combination of<00:03:08.280><c> them</c><00:03:08.480><c> as</c><00:03:08.640><c> space-time</c><00:03:09.640><c> is</c><00:03:10.200><c> not</c><00:03:10.560><c> fundamental</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 191.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of them as space-time is not fundamental"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 191.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of them as space-time is not fundamental at<00:03:11.400><c> all.</c><00:03:11.920><c> So,</c><00:03:12.160><c> general</c><00:03:12.600><c> relativity</c><00:03:13.360><c> will</c><00:03:13.720><c> go</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 193.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "at all. So, general relativity will go"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 193.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "at all. So, general relativity will go the<00:03:14.040><c> way</c><00:03:14.200><c> of</c><00:03:14.320><c> all</c><00:03:14.520><c> theories.</c><00:03:14.960><c> It</c><00:03:15.080><c> will</c><00:03:15.600><c> be</c><00:03:15.960><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 196.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the way of all theories. It will be a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 196.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the way of all theories. It will be a you<00:03:16.280><c> know,</c><00:03:16.440><c> like</c><00:03:16.640><c> Newton</c><00:03:16.880><c> we</c><00:03:17.000><c> still</c><00:03:17.240><c> use</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 197.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, like Newton we still use"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 197.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, like Newton we still use Newton<00:03:17.680><c> for</c><00:03:17.800><c> certain</c><00:03:18.040><c> cases.</c><00:03:18.400><c> We'll</c><00:03:18.560><c> still</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 198.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Newton for certain cases. We'll still"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 198.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Newton for certain cases. We'll still use<00:03:19.000><c> GR</c><00:03:19.320><c> for</c><00:03:19.440><c> certain</c><00:03:19.720><c> cases,</c><00:03:20.360><c> but</c><00:03:20.480><c> we</c><00:03:20.600><c> needed</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 200.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "use GR for certain cases, but we needed"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 200.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "use GR for certain cases, but we needed much<00:03:21.400><c> a</c><00:03:21.480><c> much</c><00:03:21.760><c> deeper</c><00:03:22.040><c> theory.</c><00:03:22.960><c> Got</c><00:03:23.040><c> it.</c><00:03:23.120><c> The</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 203.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "much a much deeper theory. Got it. The"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 203.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "much a much deeper theory. Got it. The the<00:03:23.920><c> the</c><00:03:24.040><c> hard</c><00:03:24.680><c> fact</c><00:03:25.400><c> is</c><00:03:26.400><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 207.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the hard fact is that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 207.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the hard fact is that when<00:03:27.480><c> you</c><00:03:27.600><c> bring</c><00:03:27.840><c> together</c><00:03:28.800><c> GR</c><00:03:29.480><c> and</c><00:03:29.800><c> quantum</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 210.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "when you bring together GR and quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 210.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "when you bring together GR and quantum theory,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 211.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 211.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory, you<00:03:31.800><c> find</c><00:03:32.080><c> that</c><00:03:32.240><c> space-time</c><00:03:32.840><c> has</c><00:03:33.200><c> no</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 213.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you find that space-time has no"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 213.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you find that space-time has no operational<00:03:34.360><c> meaning</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 215.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "operational meaning"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 215.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "operational meaning at<00:03:35.760><c> the</c><00:03:35.840><c> Planck</c><00:03:36.120><c> scale.</c><00:03:36.520><c> 10</c><00:03:36.680><c> to</c><00:03:36.760><c> the</c><00:03:36.840><c> minus</c><00:03:37.680><c> 33</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 218.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "at the Planck scale. 10 to the minus 33"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 218.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "at the Planck scale. 10 to the minus 33 centimeters,<00:03:38.600><c> 10</c><00:03:38.760><c> to</c><00:03:38.840><c> the</c><00:03:38.920><c> minus</c><00:03:39.200><c> 43</c><00:03:39.560><c> seconds.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 219.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "centimeters, 10 to the minus 43 seconds."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 219.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "centimeters, 10 to the minus 43 seconds. It<00:03:40.080><c> simply</c><00:03:40.440><c> has</c><00:03:40.640><c> no</c><00:03:40.800><c> operational</c><00:03:41.320><c> meaning.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 222.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It simply has no operational meaning."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 222.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It simply has no operational meaning. So,<00:03:42.400><c> that</c><00:03:43.080><c> that</c><00:03:43.280><c> means</c><00:03:43.840><c> we</c><00:03:44.000><c> have</c><00:03:44.200><c> to</c><00:03:44.320><c> find</c><00:03:44.720><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 224.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that that means we have to find a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 224.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that that means we have to find a deeper<00:03:45.360><c> foundation.</c><00:03:46.320><c> So,</c><00:03:46.480><c> these</c><00:03:46.680><c> are</c><00:03:46.840><c> only</c><00:03:47.640><c> at</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 227.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "deeper foundation. So, these are only at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 227.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "deeper foundation. So, these are only at best<00:03:48.160><c> approximation</c><00:03:48.920><c> theories.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 230.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "best approximation theories."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 230.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "best approximation theories. So,<00:03:50.560><c> so</c><00:03:50.680><c> Don</c><00:03:51.120><c> just</c><00:03:51.680><c> just</c><00:03:51.840><c> to</c><00:03:51.920><c> be</c><00:03:52.000><c> clear</c><00:03:52.480><c> in</c><00:03:52.600><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 233.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, so Don just just to be clear in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 233.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, so Don just just to be clear in the in<00:03:53.480><c> the</c><00:03:53.920><c> obviously</c><00:03:54.320><c> content</c><00:03:54.760><c> vein</c><00:03:55.120><c> in</c><00:03:55.240><c> which</c><00:03:55.800><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 236.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in the obviously content vein in which I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 236.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in the obviously content vein in which I I<00:03:56.120><c> know</c><00:03:56.400><c> much</c><00:03:56.680><c> of</c><00:03:56.800><c> your</c><00:03:57.080><c> your</c><00:03:57.440><c> your</c><00:03:57.600><c> theories,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 238.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I know much of your your your theories,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 238.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I know much of your your your theories, this<00:03:58.680><c> is</c><00:03:58.760><c> not</c><00:03:58.960><c> only</c><00:03:59.240><c> dynamiting</c><00:04:00.360><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 240.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this is not only dynamiting the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 240.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this is not only dynamiting the space-time<00:04:01.160><c> at</c><00:04:01.280><c> the</c><00:04:01.360><c> empirical</c><00:04:01.800><c> level.</c><00:04:02.080><c> It's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 242.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time at the empirical level. It's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 242.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time at the empirical level. It's also"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 243.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "also"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 243.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "also ejecting<00:04:04.200><c> it</c><00:04:04.320><c> from</c><00:04:04.560><c> any</c><00:04:04.800><c> transcendental</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 245.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ejecting it from any transcendental"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 245.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ejecting it from any transcendental style<00:04:06.120><c> considerations.</c><00:04:07.040><c> It's</c><00:04:07.480><c> it</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 248.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "style considerations. It's it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 248.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "style considerations. It's it it<00:04:08.560><c> is</c><00:04:08.720><c> just</c><00:04:09.000><c> a</c><00:04:09.600><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 250.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it is just a a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 250.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it is just a a until<00:04:11.240><c> until</c><00:04:11.560><c> we</c><00:04:11.640><c> have</c><00:04:11.840><c> something</c><00:04:12.200><c> better</c><00:04:12.520><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 252.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "until until we have something better is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 252.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "until until we have something better is just<00:04:12.880><c> the</c><00:04:13.080><c> the</c><00:04:13.200><c> placeholder,</c><00:04:13.880><c> but</c><00:04:14.120><c> it</c><00:04:14.320><c> will</c><00:04:14.480><c> it</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 254.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just the the placeholder, but it will it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 254.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just the the placeholder, but it will it will<00:04:14.880><c> die</c><00:04:15.320><c> as</c><00:04:16.079><c> a</c><00:04:16.120><c> concept</c><00:04:16.560><c> in</c><00:04:16.680><c> our</c><00:04:16.840><c> economy</c><00:04:17.320><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 257.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "will die as a concept in our economy of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 257.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "will die as a concept in our economy of thinking<00:04:17.840><c> even</c><00:04:18.079><c> about</c><00:04:18.400><c> our</c><00:04:18.640><c> experience,</c><00:04:19.519><c> let</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 259.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thinking even about our experience, let"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 259.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thinking even about our experience, let alone<00:04:20.000><c> the</c><00:04:20.079><c> empirical</c><00:04:20.560><c> physical</c><00:04:20.959><c> world.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 261.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "alone the empirical physical world."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 261.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "alone the empirical physical world. Absolutely.<00:04:22.800><c> That's</c><00:04:23.040><c> that's</c><00:04:23.360><c> the</c><00:04:23.520><c> idea</c><00:04:23.840><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 264.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Absolutely. That's that's the idea that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 264.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Absolutely. That's that's the idea that we<00:04:24.720><c> thought</c><00:04:25.000><c> space</c><00:04:25.280><c> and</c><00:04:25.360><c> time</c><00:04:25.560><c> were</c><00:04:25.680><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 265.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we thought space and time were the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 265.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we thought space and time were the fundamental<00:04:26.320><c> nature</c><00:04:26.600><c> of</c><00:04:26.680><c> reality.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 267.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "fundamental nature of reality."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 267.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "fundamental nature of reality. We<00:04:28.040><c> might</c><00:04:28.240><c> have</c><00:04:28.360><c> even</c><00:04:28.553><c> [clears throat]</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 268.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We might have even [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 268.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We might have even [clears throat] thought<00:04:28.720><c> they</c><00:04:28.840><c> were</c><00:04:29.000><c> a</c><00:04:29.080><c> priori</c><00:04:29.480><c> true</c><00:04:29.720><c> or</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 269.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thought they were a priori true or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 269.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thought they were a priori true or something,<00:04:30.520><c> but</c><00:04:30.920><c> but</c><00:04:31.120><c> that's</c><00:04:31.400><c> just</c><00:04:31.600><c> wrong.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 272.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something, but but that's just wrong."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 272.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something, but but that's just wrong. All<00:04:32.760><c> right.</c><00:04:33.040><c> That's</c><00:04:33.280><c> just</c><00:04:33.520><c> plain</c><00:04:33.800><c> wrong.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 274.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "All right. That's just plain wrong."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 274.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "All right. That's just plain wrong. And<00:04:34.920><c> science</c><00:04:35.240><c> has</c><00:04:35.320><c> a</c><00:04:35.360><c> way</c><00:04:35.640><c> of</c><00:04:35.760><c> forcing</c><00:04:36.400><c> us.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 277.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And science has a way of forcing us."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 277.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And science has a way of forcing us. Yeah,<00:04:37.520><c> if</c><00:04:37.680><c> I</c><00:04:37.760><c> could</c><00:04:37.920><c> jump</c><00:04:38.160><c> in</c><00:04:38.280><c> here</c><00:04:39.120><c> just</c><00:04:39.360><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 279.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, if I could jump in here just to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 279.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, if I could jump in here just to add<00:04:39.600><c> one</c><00:04:39.960><c> comment.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 281.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "add one comment."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 281.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "add one comment. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 284.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if<00:04:44.280><c> one</c><00:04:44.760><c> formulates</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 286.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if one formulates"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 286.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if one formulates uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 288.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 288.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh basic<00:04:48.720><c> ideas</c><00:04:49.200><c> of</c><00:04:49.440><c> quantum</c><00:04:49.880><c> theory</c><00:04:50.440><c> outside</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 291.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "basic ideas of quantum theory outside"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 291.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "basic ideas of quantum theory outside space-time<00:04:51.960><c> completely,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 294.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time completely,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 294.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time completely, then<00:04:55.320><c> there</c><00:04:56.000><c> many</c><00:04:56.560><c> routes</c><00:04:57.440><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 298.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then there many routes to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 298.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then there many routes to which<00:04:59.200><c> are</c><00:04:59.960><c> under</c><00:05:00.240><c> study</c><00:05:00.640><c> by</c><00:05:01.000><c> huge</c><00:05:01.320><c> numbers</c><00:05:01.680><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 301.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which are under study by huge numbers of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 301.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which are under study by huge numbers of people<00:05:02.080><c> again</c><00:05:02.880><c> Sure.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 303.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "people again Sure."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 304.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "people again Sure. for<00:05:04.760><c> generating</c><00:05:05.560><c> space-time</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 307.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for generating space-time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 307.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for generating space-time as<00:05:07.480><c> a</c><00:05:07.560><c> consequence</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 309.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as a consequence"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 309.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as a consequence of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 310.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 310.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 312.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 312.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um basically<00:05:12.880><c> assumptions</c><00:05:13.520><c> about</c><00:05:14.680><c> in</c><00:05:14.840><c> quantum</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 315.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "basically assumptions about in quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 315.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "basically assumptions about in quantum information<00:05:15.960><c> theory.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 317.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "information theory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 317.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "information theory. And<00:05:18.360><c> also</c><00:05:18.800><c> many</c><00:05:19.240><c> many</c><00:05:19.600><c> routes</c><00:05:20.160><c> for</c><00:05:20.480><c> generating</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 321.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And also many many routes for generating"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 321.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And also many many routes for generating Einstein's<00:05:22.480><c> equations</c><00:05:23.480><c> as</c><00:05:24.440><c> either</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 324.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Einstein's equations as either"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 324.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Einstein's equations as either approximations<00:05:26.080><c> or</c><00:05:26.400><c> or</c><00:05:26.560><c> again</c><00:05:26.960><c> outcomes</c><00:05:27.560><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 327.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "approximations or or again outcomes of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 327.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "approximations or or again outcomes of other<00:05:27.960><c> kinds</c><00:05:28.280><c> of</c><00:05:28.400><c> assumptions.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 329.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "other kinds of assumptions."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 329.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "other kinds of assumptions. So,<00:05:30.360><c> GR</c><00:05:31.200><c> turns</c><00:05:31.680><c> into</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 333.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, GR turns into"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 333.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, GR turns into something<00:05:33.600><c> like</c><00:05:34.640><c> the</c><00:05:34.800><c> status</c><00:05:35.440><c> that</c><00:05:36.280><c> classical</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 336.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something like the status that classical"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 336.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something like the status that classical physics<00:05:37.400><c> has</c><00:05:38.080><c> with</c><00:05:38.360><c> respect</c><00:05:38.960><c> to</c><00:05:39.880><c> quantum</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 340.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "physics has with respect to quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 340.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "physics has with respect to quantum theory<00:05:40.760><c> in</c><00:05:41.080><c> space-time.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 342.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory in space-time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 342.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory in space-time. Which<00:05:43.360><c> is</c><00:05:43.560><c> a</c><00:05:43.840><c> a</c><00:05:43.920><c> limiting</c><00:05:44.440><c> case,</c><00:05:45.280><c> you</c><00:05:45.360><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 345.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Which is a a limiting case, you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 345.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Which is a a limiting case, you know, something<00:05:46.600><c> an</c><00:05:46.720><c> approximation</c><00:05:47.600><c> that's</c><00:05:47.960><c> good</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 348.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something an approximation that's good"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 348.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something an approximation that's good in<00:05:48.640><c> some</c><00:05:48.920><c> circumstances</c><00:05:50.000><c> for</c><00:05:50.120><c> doing</c><00:05:50.480><c> some</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 350.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in some circumstances for doing some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 350.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in some circumstances for doing some things,<00:05:51.160><c> which</c><00:05:51.680><c> which</c><00:05:52.080><c> is</c><00:05:52.240><c> basically</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 353.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "things, which which is basically"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 353.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "things, which which is basically how<00:05:54.200><c> Don</c><00:05:54.480><c> just</c><00:05:54.720><c> characterized</c><00:05:55.480><c> it.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 356.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how Don just characterized it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 356.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how Don just characterized it. So,<00:05:56.680><c> yeah,</c><00:05:56.880><c> there's</c><00:05:57.200><c> there's</c><00:05:57.600><c> lots</c><00:05:58.000><c> and</c><00:05:58.160><c> lots</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 358.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, yeah, there's there's lots and lots"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 358.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, yeah, there's there's lots and lots and<00:05:58.640><c> lots</c><00:05:58.960><c> of</c><00:05:59.080><c> physics</c><00:05:59.600><c> underlying</c><00:06:00.280><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 361.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and lots of physics underlying this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 361.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and lots of physics underlying this both<00:06:02.400><c> in</c><00:06:02.520><c> the</c><00:06:02.640><c> high</c><00:06:02.800><c> energy</c><00:06:03.160><c> community</c><00:06:03.840><c> and</c><00:06:04.160><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 364.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "both in the high energy community and in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 364.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "both in the high energy community and in the<00:06:04.360><c> quantum</c><00:06:04.760><c> information</c><00:06:05.480><c> community.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 366.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the quantum information community."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 366.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the quantum information community. Right.<00:06:07.520><c> And</c><00:06:07.640><c> and</c><00:06:07.840><c> what</c><00:06:08.160><c> Nima</c><00:06:08.600><c> and</c><00:06:08.760><c> the</c><00:06:08.840><c> ERC</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 369.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. And and what Nima and the ERC"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 369.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. And and what Nima and the ERC group<00:06:09.920><c> are</c><00:06:10.080><c> doing</c><00:06:10.480><c> is</c><00:06:10.960><c> is</c><00:06:11.160><c> even</c><00:06:11.440><c> going</c><00:06:12.080><c> beyond</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 372.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "group are doing is is even going beyond"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 372.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "group are doing is is even going beyond that<00:06:13.120><c> because</c><00:06:13.440><c> they're</c><00:06:13.640><c> they're</c><00:06:13.840><c> saying</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 374.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that because they're they're saying"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 374.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that because they're they're saying we're<00:06:14.760><c> not</c><00:06:14.920><c> going</c><00:06:15.040><c> to</c><00:06:15.120><c> even</c><00:06:15.240><c> start</c><00:06:15.440><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 375.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we're not going to even start with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 375.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we're not going to even start with quantum<00:06:15.880><c> information</c><00:06:16.400><c> theory.</c><00:06:17.160><c> Anything</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 377.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum information theory. Anything"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 377.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum information theory. Anything quantum<00:06:18.000><c> itself</c><00:06:19.040><c> is</c><00:06:19.200><c> going</c><00:06:19.480><c> to</c><00:06:19.720><c> arise</c><00:06:20.440><c> joined</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 380.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum itself is going to arise joined"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 380.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum itself is going to arise joined at<00:06:20.960><c> the</c><00:06:21.040><c> hip</c><00:06:21.520><c> with</c><00:06:21.720><c> space-time</c><00:06:22.520><c> from</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 382.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "at the hip with space-time from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 382.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "at the hip with space-time from something<00:06:23.120><c> far</c><00:06:23.320><c> deeper.</c><00:06:23.880><c> So,</c><00:06:24.200><c> so</c><00:06:24.360><c> they</c><00:06:24.520><c> want</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 384.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something far deeper. So, so they want"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 384.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something far deeper. So, so they want to<00:06:24.800><c> show</c><00:06:25.000><c> quantum</c><00:06:25.360><c> information</c><00:06:25.920><c> theory</c><00:06:26.640><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 386.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to show quantum information theory and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 386.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to show quantum information theory and general<00:06:27.120><c> relativity</c><00:06:28.200><c> arise</c><00:06:28.720><c> together</c><00:06:30.040><c> from</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 390.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "general relativity arise together from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 390.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "general relativity arise together from something<00:06:30.600><c> that</c><00:06:30.760><c> couldn't</c><00:06:31.040><c> care</c><00:06:31.240><c> less</c><00:06:31.400><c> about</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 391.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something that couldn't care less about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 391.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something that couldn't care less about unitarity<00:06:32.320><c> at</c><00:06:32.480><c> all.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 393.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity at all."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 393.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity at all. So,<00:06:33.640><c> that's</c><00:06:33.840><c> that's</c><00:06:34.040><c> what</c><00:06:34.200><c> they're</c><00:06:34.560><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 394.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's that's what they're that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 394.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's that's what they're that's what<00:06:34.880><c> they're</c><00:06:35.000><c> after.</c><00:06:35.320><c> So,</c><00:06:35.760><c> there</c><00:06:35.920><c> is</c><00:06:36.080><c> no</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 396.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what they're after. So, there is no"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 396.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what they're after. So, there is no locality<00:06:37.800><c> and</c><00:06:37.960><c> there</c><00:06:38.080><c> is</c><00:06:38.280><c> no</c><00:06:38.520><c> unitarity</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 399.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "locality and there is no unitarity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 399.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "locality and there is no unitarity period<00:06:40.240><c> in</c><00:06:40.480><c> these</c><00:06:40.760><c> new</c><00:06:41.240><c> positive</c><00:06:41.680><c> geometries.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 402.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "period in these new positive geometries."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 402.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "period in these new positive geometries. And<00:06:42.520><c> they</c><00:06:42.600><c> don't</c><00:06:42.800><c> care</c><00:06:42.960><c> about</c><00:06:43.160><c> unitarity</c><00:06:43.880><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 403.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And they don't care about unitarity and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 404.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And they don't care about unitarity and they<00:06:44.120><c> show</c><00:06:45.080><c> that</c><00:06:45.240><c> then</c><00:06:45.400><c> quantum</c><00:06:45.720><c> information</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 406.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they show that then quantum information"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 406.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they show that then quantum information theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 407.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 407.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory comes<00:06:47.640><c> out</c><00:06:47.840><c> as</c><00:06:48.080><c> a</c><00:06:48.400><c> approximation</c><00:06:49.120><c> and</c><00:06:49.240><c> special</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 409.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "comes out as a approximation and special"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 409.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "comes out as a approximation and special case<00:06:50.680><c> at</c><00:06:50.840><c> the</c><00:06:50.920><c> same</c><00:06:51.200><c> time</c><00:06:51.360><c> that</c><00:06:51.480><c> you</c><00:06:51.600><c> get</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 411.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "case at the same time that you get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 411.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "case at the same time that you get space-time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 412.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 412.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time. So,<00:06:53.080><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 413.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 413.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's so<00:06:54.080><c> it's</c><00:06:54.280><c> different</c><00:06:54.720><c> than</c><00:06:54.880><c> the</c><00:06:55.120><c> the</c><00:06:55.440><c> you</c><00:06:55.560><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 416.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so it's different than the the you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 416.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so it's different than the the you know, Carlo<00:06:57.000><c> Rovelli</c><00:06:57.400><c> kind</c><00:06:57.640><c> of</c><00:06:57.720><c> approaches</c><00:06:58.160><c> and</c><00:06:58.240><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 418.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Carlo Rovelli kind of approaches and so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 418.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Carlo Rovelli kind of approaches and so forth."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 419.194,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "forth."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 419.204,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "forth. &gt;&gt; [clears throat and cough]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 420.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat and cough]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 420.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat and cough] &gt;&gt; So,<00:07:01.080><c> so</c><00:07:01.280><c> and</c><00:07:01.800><c> that's</c><00:07:02.000><c> the</c><00:07:02.080><c> approach</c><00:07:02.520><c> they're</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 422.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; So, so and that's the approach they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 422.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; So, so and that's the approach they're trying<00:07:02.720><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 422.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trying to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 422.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trying to &gt;&gt; should<00:07:03.040><c> actually</c><00:07:04.040><c> say</c><00:07:04.480><c> that</c><00:07:05.200><c> it</c><00:07:05.800><c> contradicts</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 428.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; should actually say that it contradicts"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 428.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; should actually say that it contradicts uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 430.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 430.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh most<00:07:10.520><c> of</c><00:07:10.640><c> quantum</c><00:07:10.960><c> information</c><00:07:11.600><c> theory</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 431.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "most of quantum information theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 431.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "most of quantum information theory because<00:07:12.480><c> quantum</c><00:07:12.880><c> information</c><00:07:13.560><c> theory</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 434.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because quantum information theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 434.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because quantum information theory actually<00:07:14.920><c> has</c><00:07:15.080><c> nothing</c><00:07:15.520><c> to</c><00:07:15.640><c> do</c><00:07:15.920><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 436.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "actually has nothing to do with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 436.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "actually has nothing to do with space-time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 437.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 437.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time. So,<00:07:18.000><c> the</c><00:07:18.240><c> two</c><00:07:18.440><c> arising</c><00:07:19.160><c> together</c><00:07:20.480><c> would</c><00:07:21.240><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 441.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the two arising together would be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 441.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the two arising together would be very<00:07:21.840><c> unusual.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 443.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very unusual."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 443.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very unusual. Well,<00:07:23.800><c> what</c><00:07:24.000><c> what</c><00:07:24.200><c> Nima</c><00:07:24.520><c> has</c><00:07:24.680><c> shown</c><00:07:25.040><c> wants</c><00:07:25.280><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 445.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, what what Nima has shown wants to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 445.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, what what Nima has shown wants to show<00:07:25.720><c> is</c><00:07:25.840><c> that</c><00:07:26.040><c> unitarity</c><00:07:27.000><c> and</c><00:07:27.320><c> locality</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 447.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "show is that unitarity and locality"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 447.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "show is that unitarity and locality together<00:07:28.760><c> arise</c><00:07:29.240><c> from</c><00:07:29.400><c> these</c><00:07:29.600><c> positive</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 450.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "together arise from these positive"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 450.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "together arise from these positive geometries.<00:07:31.120><c> And</c><00:07:31.240><c> then</c><00:07:31.360><c> because</c><00:07:31.680><c> you</c><00:07:31.760><c> get</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 451.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "geometries. And then because you get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 451.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "geometries. And then because you get unitarity<00:07:32.480><c> arising</c><00:07:32.840><c> from</c><00:07:33.040><c> it,</c><00:07:33.200><c> then</c><00:07:33.360><c> you</c><00:07:33.480><c> get</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 453.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity arising from it, then you get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 453.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity arising from it, then you get the<00:07:33.840><c> foundations</c><00:07:34.480><c> for</c><00:07:34.600><c> quantum</c><00:07:34.920><c> information</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 455.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the foundations for quantum information"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 455.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the foundations for quantum information theory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 456.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 456.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory. So,<00:07:36.960><c> that</c><00:07:37.280><c> but</c><00:07:37.560><c> you</c><00:07:37.640><c> know,</c><00:07:38.080><c> we'll</c><00:07:38.240><c> see.</c><00:07:38.520><c> You</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 458.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that but you know, we'll see. You"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 458.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that but you know, we'll see. You know,<00:07:38.640><c> the</c><00:07:38.760><c> proof</c><00:07:39.000><c> is</c><00:07:39.480><c> what</c><00:07:39.720><c> if</c><00:07:39.880><c> you</c><00:07:39.960><c> can</c><00:07:40.120><c> do</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 460.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, the proof is what if you can do"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 460.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, the proof is what if you can do it,<00:07:40.440><c> right?</c><00:07:41.200><c> Um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 462.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it, right? Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 462.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it, right? Um So,<00:07:42.760><c> yeah,</c><00:07:42.920><c> that's</c><00:07:43.280><c> I'm</c><00:07:43.400><c> just</c><00:07:43.600><c> trying</c><00:07:43.800><c> to</c><00:07:43.840><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 463.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, yeah, that's I'm just trying to be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 463.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, yeah, that's I'm just trying to be clear<00:07:44.200><c> about</c><00:07:44.480><c> where</c><00:07:44.680><c> they</c><00:07:44.880><c> stand</c><00:07:45.320><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 465.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "clear about where they stand with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 465.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "clear about where they stand with respect<00:07:46.000><c> to</c><00:07:46.560><c> current</c><00:07:46.840><c> approaches</c><00:07:47.320><c> to</c><00:07:47.440><c> trying</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 467.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "respect to current approaches to trying"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 467.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "respect to current approaches to trying to<00:07:47.760><c> build</c><00:07:48.080><c> up</c><00:07:48.800><c> As</c><00:07:49.520><c> you</c><00:07:49.680><c> as</c><00:07:49.960><c> as</c><00:07:50.080><c> you</c><00:07:50.160><c> say</c><00:07:50.360><c> Chris,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 470.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to build up As you as as you say Chris,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 470.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to build up As you as as you say Chris, most<00:07:50.960><c> of</c><00:07:51.120><c> approaches</c><00:07:51.720><c> that</c><00:07:51.920><c> are</c><00:07:52.240><c> trying</c><00:07:52.520><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 472.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "most of approaches that are trying to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 472.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "most of approaches that are trying to build<00:07:52.880><c> space-time</c><00:07:53.520><c> are</c><00:07:53.680><c> starting</c><00:07:54.000><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 474.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "build space-time are starting with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 474.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "build space-time are starting with something<00:07:54.440><c> quantum</c><00:07:55.240><c> and</c><00:07:55.360><c> these</c><00:07:55.520><c> guys</c><00:07:55.760><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 475.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something quantum and these guys are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 475.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something quantum and these guys are not.<00:07:56.520><c> They're</c><00:07:56.680><c> saying</c><00:07:57.160><c> we're</c><00:07:57.320><c> not</c><00:07:57.520><c> even</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 477.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "not. They're saying we're not even"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 477.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "not. They're saying we're not even having<00:07:57.920><c> quantum.</c><00:07:58.520><c> We're</c><00:07:58.640><c> starting</c><00:07:59.000><c> with</c><00:07:59.160><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 479.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "having quantum. We're starting with what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 479.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "having quantum. We're starting with what they<00:07:59.400><c> just</c><00:07:59.600><c> call</c><00:07:59.800><c> positive</c><00:08:00.280><c> geometries.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 481.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they just call positive geometries."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 481.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they just call positive geometries. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 483.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 483.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 484.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 484.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, So,<00:08:04.680><c> that's</c><00:08:04.920><c> just</c><00:08:05.160><c> want</c><00:08:05.320><c> to</c><00:08:05.440><c> make</c><00:08:05.760><c> clear</c><00:08:06.040><c> how</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 486.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's just want to make clear how"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 486.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's just want to make clear how how<00:08:06.520><c> out</c><00:08:06.720><c> of</c><00:08:06.800><c> the</c><00:08:06.880><c> box</c><00:08:07.240><c> they're</c><00:08:07.400><c> thinking</c><00:08:07.760><c> is.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 488.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how out of the box they're thinking is."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 488.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how out of the box they're thinking is. So,<00:08:09.280><c> John</c><00:08:09.560><c> Wheeler</c><00:08:09.840><c> of</c><00:08:09.960><c> course</c><00:08:10.200><c> was</c><00:08:10.360><c> trying</c><00:08:10.560><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 490.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, John Wheeler of course was trying to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 490.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, John Wheeler of course was trying to think<00:08:10.880><c> out</c><00:08:11.000><c> of</c><00:08:11.080><c> the</c><00:08:11.160><c> box</c><00:08:11.480><c> and</c><00:08:11.600><c> he</c><00:08:11.680><c> was</c><00:08:11.840><c> saying</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 492.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think out of the box and he was saying"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 492.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think out of the box and he was saying you<00:08:12.200><c> know,</c><00:08:12.280><c> someday</c><00:08:13.320><c> this</c><00:08:13.560><c> is</c><00:08:13.640><c> 1990</c><00:08:14.320><c> in</c><00:08:14.400><c> his</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 494.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, someday this is 1990 in his"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 494.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, someday this is 1990 in his wonderful<00:08:15.360><c> book</c><00:08:15.600><c> on</c><00:08:15.880><c> gravity</c><00:08:16.200><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 496.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "wonderful book on gravity and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 496.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "wonderful book on gravity and space-time.<00:08:17.440><c> He</c><00:08:17.720><c> says</c><00:08:17.920><c> someday</c><00:08:18.200><c> surely</c><00:08:18.520><c> we'll</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 498.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time. He says someday surely we'll"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 498.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time. He says someday surely we'll find<00:08:19.080><c> we'll</c><00:08:19.200><c> see</c><00:08:19.360><c> a</c><00:08:19.400><c> principle</c><00:08:20.000><c> underlying</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 500.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "find we'll see a principle underlying"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 500.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "find we'll see a principle underlying existence<00:08:20.880><c> is</c><00:08:21.040><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 501.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "existence is so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 501.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "existence is so simple,<00:08:22.600><c> so</c><00:08:22.800><c> beautiful,</c><00:08:23.280><c> so</c><00:08:23.440><c> obvious</c><00:08:23.760><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 503.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "simple, so beautiful, so obvious that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 503.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "simple, so beautiful, so obvious that we'd<00:08:24.000><c> all</c><00:08:24.160><c> say</c><00:08:24.360><c> to</c><00:08:24.480><c> each</c><00:08:24.640><c> other,</c><00:08:25.160><c> oh</c><00:08:25.320><c> how</c><00:08:25.480><c> could</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 505.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we'd all say to each other, oh how could"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 505.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we'd all say to each other, oh how could it<00:08:25.800><c> have</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 506.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 506.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it have all<00:08:27.040><c> been</c><00:08:27.360><c> so</c><00:08:27.560><c> blind</c><00:08:28.000><c> so</c><00:08:28.200><c> long.</c><00:08:28.520><c> So,</c><00:08:28.680><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 508.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all been so blind so long. So, that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 508.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all been so blind so long. So, that's what<00:08:29.000><c> we're</c><00:08:29.080><c> looking</c><00:08:29.400><c> for.</c><00:08:30.280><c> And</c><00:08:31.040><c> let's</c><00:08:31.280><c> see.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 514.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm<00:08:35.280><c> not</c><00:08:35.520><c> able</c><00:08:35.719><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 516.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm not able to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 516.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm not able to Can<00:08:36.960><c> you</c><00:08:37.039><c> guys</c><00:08:37.240><c> hear</c><00:08:37.360><c> me?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 518.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Can you guys hear me?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 518.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Can you guys hear me? We<00:08:38.680><c> can</c><00:08:38.840><c> hear</c><00:08:39.039><c> you,</c><00:08:39.120><c> yeah,</c><00:08:39.240><c> but</c><00:08:39.360><c> the</c><00:08:39.440><c> slides</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 519.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We can hear you, yeah, but the slides"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 519.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We can hear you, yeah, but the slides are<00:08:39.800><c> not</c><00:08:40.039><c> advancing.</c><00:08:40.919><c> Yeah,</c><00:08:41.320><c> let's</c><00:08:41.560><c> see.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 526.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay,<00:08:46.440><c> well,</c><00:08:47.160><c> I</c><00:08:47.240><c> guess</c><00:08:47.440><c> it</c><00:08:47.960><c> now</c><00:08:48.120><c> it</c><00:08:48.200><c> advanced.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 528.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay, well, I guess it now it advanced."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 528.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay, well, I guess it now it advanced. Okay.<00:08:49.040><c> And</c><00:08:49.200><c> he</c><00:08:49.360><c> said</c><00:08:50.120><c> about</c><00:08:50.400><c> the</c><00:08:50.480><c> same</c><00:08:50.720><c> time</c><00:08:50.960><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 531.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay. And he said about the same time in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 531.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay. And he said about the same time in his<00:08:51.480><c> famous</c><00:08:51.720><c> book</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 532.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "his famous book"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 532.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "his famous book &gt;&gt; Don.<00:08:52.400><c> Sorry,</c><00:08:52.720><c> sorry.</c><00:08:53.040><c> Ours</c><00:08:53.560><c> we're</c><00:08:53.840><c> still</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 534.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Don. Sorry, sorry. Ours we're still"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 534.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Don. Sorry, sorry. Ours we're still we're<00:08:54.400><c> still</c><00:08:54.720><c> seeing</c><00:08:55.000><c> the</c><00:08:55.240><c> title</c><00:08:55.560><c> slide.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 536.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we're still seeing the title slide."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 536.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we're still seeing the title slide. Okay,<00:08:56.880><c> let</c><00:08:57.040><c> me</c><00:08:57.400><c> try</c><00:08:57.680><c> this</c><00:08:57.880><c> again.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 541.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We<00:09:01.680><c> we</c><00:09:01.840><c> only</c><00:09:02.040><c> saw</c><00:09:02.240><c> the</c><00:09:02.640><c> the</c><00:09:02.800><c> title</c><00:09:03.120><c> page</c><00:09:03.360><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 543.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We we only saw the the title page so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 543.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We we only saw the the title page so far."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 545.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "far."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 545.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "far. Okay,<00:09:05.600><c> I'll</c><00:09:05.800><c> go</c><00:09:06.000><c> back</c><00:09:06.400><c> and</c><00:09:06.560><c> try</c><00:09:06.800><c> the</c><00:09:07.400><c> That's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 547.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay, I'll go back and try the That's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 547.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay, I'll go back and try the That's weird."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 551.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So,<00:09:11.880><c> I'll</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 554.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Let's<00:09:15.240><c> see.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 558.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So,<00:09:18.120><c> I'll</c><00:09:18.200><c> go</c><00:09:18.360><c> back</c><00:09:18.600><c> to</c><00:09:18.760><c> share.</c><00:09:19.600><c> Sorry</c><00:09:19.840><c> about</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 560.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I'll go back to share. Sorry about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 560.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I'll go back to share. Sorry about that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 561.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 561.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that. No<00:09:21.360><c> problem.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 581.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Hm."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 595.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's<00:09:56.080><c> weird.</c><00:09:56.800><c> Let's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 598.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's weird. Let's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 598.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's weird. Let's Can<00:09:59.040><c> you</c><00:09:59.160><c> can</c><00:09:59.320><c> you</c><00:09:59.400><c> see</c><00:09:59.560><c> that?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 601.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Can you can you see that?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 601.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Can you can you see that? We<00:10:01.840><c> can,</c><00:10:02.120><c> but</c><00:10:02.280><c> it's</c><00:10:02.440><c> still</c><00:10:02.760><c> in</c><00:10:03.040><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 604.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We can, but it's still in um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 604.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We can, but it's still in um no<00:10:04.800><c> problem.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 606.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "no problem."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 606.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "no problem. Yep."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 608.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yep."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 608.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yep. Okay."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 609.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 609.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay. Yeah,<00:10:10.400><c> there</c><00:10:10.520><c> we</c><00:10:10.640><c> Okay.</c><00:10:11.440><c> Okay,</c><00:10:11.680><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 613.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, there we Okay. Okay, so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 613.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, there we Okay. Okay, so Right.<00:10:14.480><c> So,</c><00:10:14.840><c> Wheeler</c><00:10:15.680><c> suggested</c><00:10:16.240><c> that</c><00:10:16.840><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 616.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. So, Wheeler suggested that you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 616.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. So, Wheeler suggested that you know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 617.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 617.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know the<00:10:18.000><c> note</c><00:10:18.200><c> struck</c><00:10:18.480><c> out</c><00:10:18.640><c> on</c><00:10:18.720><c> the</c><00:10:18.800><c> piano</c><00:10:19.160><c> by</c><00:10:19.360><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 619.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the note struck out on the piano by the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 619.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the note struck out on the piano by the observer<00:10:19.880><c> participants</c><00:10:20.640><c> of</c><00:10:20.800><c> all</c><00:10:20.960><c> places</c><00:10:21.360><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 621.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer participants of all places and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 621.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer participants of all places and all<00:10:21.640><c> times</c><00:10:22.560><c> bits</c><00:10:22.760><c> of</c><00:10:22.880><c> the</c><00:10:23.040><c> are</c><00:10:23.280><c> in</c><00:10:23.440><c> and</c><00:10:23.560><c> of</c><00:10:23.840><c> by</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 624.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all times bits of the are in and of by"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 624.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all times bits of the are in and of by themselves<00:10:24.520><c> constitute</c><00:10:25.040><c> the</c><00:10:25.120><c> great</c><00:10:25.480><c> white</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 625.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "themselves constitute the great white"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 625.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "themselves constitute the great white world<00:10:26.040><c> of</c><00:10:26.160><c> space</c><00:10:26.720><c> and</c><00:10:26.880><c> time</c><00:10:27.120><c> and</c><00:10:27.240><c> things.</c><00:10:27.520><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 627.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "world of space and time and things. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 627.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "world of space and time and things. So, he<00:10:27.720><c> was</c><00:10:27.880><c> trying</c><00:10:28.320><c> to</c><00:10:28.480><c> start</c><00:10:29.320><c> with</c><00:10:29.960><c> what</c><00:10:30.080><c> he</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 630.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "he was trying to start with what he"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 630.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "he was trying to start with what he calls<00:10:30.400><c> observer</c><00:10:30.840><c> participants.</c><00:10:32.040><c> And</c><00:10:32.120><c> he</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 632.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "calls observer participants. And he"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 632.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "calls observer participants. And he thought<00:10:32.440><c> that</c><00:10:32.600><c> maybe</c><00:10:32.960><c> somehow</c><00:10:33.320><c> that</c><00:10:33.480><c> was</c><00:10:33.680><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 633.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thought that maybe somehow that was in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 633.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thought that maybe somehow that was in his<00:10:33.960><c> it</c><00:10:34.120><c> from</c><00:10:34.360><c> bit</c><00:10:34.560><c> paper</c><00:10:34.880><c> 1989.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 636.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "his it from bit paper 1989."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 636.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "his it from bit paper 1989. And<00:10:36.640><c> he</c><00:10:36.760><c> actually</c><00:10:37.200><c> in</c><00:10:37.520><c> his</c><00:10:37.680><c> paper</c><00:10:38.040><c> cited</c><00:10:38.520><c> work</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 638.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And he actually in his paper cited work"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 638.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And he actually in his paper cited work that<00:10:38.880><c> Shayton</c><00:10:39.240><c> and</c><00:10:39.360><c> I</c><00:10:39.440><c> were</c><00:10:39.560><c> doing</c><00:10:40.240><c> our</c><00:10:40.400><c> book</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 640.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that Shayton and I were doing our book"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 640.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that Shayton and I were doing our book observer<00:10:40.960><c> mechanics.</c><00:10:41.400><c> So,</c><00:10:41.520><c> he</c><00:10:41.640><c> was</c><00:10:41.760><c> already</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 642.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer mechanics. So, he was already"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 642.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer mechanics. So, he was already thinking<00:10:42.320><c> about</c><00:10:42.560><c> the</c><00:10:42.640><c> stuff</c><00:10:43.520><c> we</c><00:10:43.600><c> were</c><00:10:43.720><c> doing</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 643.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thinking about the stuff we were doing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 643.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thinking about the stuff we were doing with<00:10:44.080><c> observers</c><00:10:44.520><c> and</c><00:10:44.640><c> participants</c><00:10:45.240><c> back</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 645.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with observers and participants back"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 645.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with observers and participants back there<00:10:46.120><c> back</c><00:10:46.360><c> then.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 647.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there back then."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 647.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there back then. So,<00:10:48.120><c> what's</c><00:10:48.360><c> a</c><00:10:48.400><c> minimal</c><00:10:48.920><c> observer</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 649.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, what's a minimal observer"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 649.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, what's a minimal observer participant?<00:10:50.640><c> I'm</c><00:10:50.760><c> going</c><00:10:50.960><c> to</c><00:10:51.120><c> have</c><00:10:51.760><c> we're</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 651.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "participant? I'm going to have we're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 651.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "participant? I'm going to have we're going<00:10:52.000><c> to</c><00:10:52.080><c> start</c><00:10:52.280><c> with</c><00:10:52.440><c> just</c><00:10:52.680><c> the</c><00:10:52.920><c> absolute</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 653.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "going to start with just the absolute"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 653.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "going to start with just the absolute bare<00:10:54.040><c> basics.</c><00:10:54.600><c> They</c><00:10:54.720><c> have</c><00:10:54.880><c> experiences</c><00:10:55.760><c> like</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 656.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bare basics. They have experiences like"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 656.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bare basics. They have experiences like smell<00:10:57.120><c> of</c><00:10:57.240><c> garlic,</c><00:10:57.960><c> taste</c><00:10:58.240><c> of</c><00:10:58.320><c> mint.</c><00:10:59.080><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 659.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "smell of garlic, taste of mint. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 659.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "smell of garlic, taste of mint. And these<00:10:59.640><c> experiences</c><00:11:00.280><c> can</c><00:11:00.440><c> change.</c><00:11:01.000><c> That's</c><00:11:01.200><c> all</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 661.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "these experiences can change. That's all"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 661.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "these experiences can change. That's all I'm<00:11:01.400><c> going</c><00:11:01.600><c> to</c><00:11:01.720><c> assume.</c><00:11:02.120><c> That's</c><00:11:02.320><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 662.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm going to assume. That's the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 662.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm going to assume. That's the foundation<00:11:03.480><c> of</c><00:11:03.600><c> everything.</c><00:11:04.040><c> So,</c><00:11:04.960><c> my</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 665.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "foundation of everything. So, my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 665.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "foundation of everything. So, my ontology<00:11:05.839><c> is</c><00:11:06.120><c> there</c><00:11:06.320><c> are</c><00:11:06.520><c> experiences</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 668.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ontology is there are experiences"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 668.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ontology is there are experiences and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 669.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 669.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and they<00:11:09.839><c> can</c><00:11:10.000><c> change.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 671.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they can change."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 671.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they can change. So,<00:11:11.680><c> for</c><00:11:11.800><c> example,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 673.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, for example,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 673.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, for example, maybe<00:11:13.960><c> I</c><00:11:14.040><c> have</c><00:11:14.200><c> four</c><00:11:14.400><c> experiences.</c><00:11:15.080><c> A</c><00:11:15.120><c> very</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 675.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "maybe I have four experiences. A very"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 675.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "maybe I have four experiences. A very very<00:11:15.640><c> simple</c><00:11:16.000><c> observer</c><00:11:16.400><c> red,</c><00:11:16.680><c> green,</c><00:11:17.520><c> blue</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 677.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very simple observer red, green, blue"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 677.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very simple observer red, green, blue and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 678.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 678.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and I'll<00:11:18.800><c> call</c><00:11:18.960><c> that</c><00:11:19.120><c> yellow.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 680.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'll call that yellow."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 680.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'll call that yellow. And<00:11:20.560><c> they</c><00:11:20.680><c> change.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 681.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And they change."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 681.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And they change. So,<00:11:22.720><c> now</c><00:11:22.920><c> I'm</c><00:11:23.040><c> seeing</c><00:11:24.080><c> yellow.</c><00:11:24.440><c> Now</c><00:11:24.640><c> I'm</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 684.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, now I'm seeing yellow. Now I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 684.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, now I'm seeing yellow. Now I'm seeing<00:11:25.080><c> green.</c><00:11:26.040><c> Now</c><00:11:26.240><c> I'm</c><00:11:26.360><c> seeing</c><00:11:26.640><c> blue</c><00:11:26.960><c> and</c><00:11:27.080><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 687.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "seeing green. Now I'm seeing blue and so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 687.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "seeing green. Now I'm seeing blue and so forth.<00:11:27.440><c> They</c><00:11:27.560><c> keep</c><00:11:27.760><c> changing.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 689.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "forth. They keep changing."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 689.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "forth. They keep changing. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 693.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "A<00:11:33.920><c> simple</c><00:11:34.880><c> in</c><00:11:34.960><c> fact</c><00:11:35.160><c> the</c><00:11:35.240><c> simplest</c><00:11:35.760><c> and</c><00:11:35.960><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 696.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "A simple in fact the simplest and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 696.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "A simple in fact the simplest and and most<00:11:36.360><c> general</c><00:11:36.640><c> way</c><00:11:36.760><c> of</c><00:11:36.880><c> talking</c><00:11:37.200><c> about</c><00:11:37.400><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 697.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "most general way of talking about that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 697.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "most general way of talking about that is<00:11:37.720><c> just</c><00:11:38.080><c> to</c><00:11:38.200><c> talk</c><00:11:38.360><c> about</c><00:11:38.560><c> Markov</c><00:11:38.960><c> chains.</c><00:11:39.320><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 700.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is just to talk about Markov chains. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 700.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is just to talk about Markov chains. So, the<00:11:40.640><c> Markov</c><00:11:41.240><c> matrix</c><00:11:41.640><c> there</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 702.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the Markov matrix there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 702.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the Markov matrix there the<00:11:42.800><c> first</c><00:11:43.080><c> row</c><00:11:43.320><c> has</c><00:11:43.560><c> you</c><00:11:43.640><c> know</c><00:11:44.200><c> that</c><00:11:44.320><c> means</c><00:11:44.520><c> if</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 704.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the first row has you know that means if"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 704.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the first row has you know that means if I<00:11:44.720><c> see</c><00:11:44.920><c> red</c><00:11:45.160><c> now</c><00:11:45.400><c> what's</c><00:11:45.640><c> probably</c><00:11:46.080><c> I'll</c><00:11:46.200><c> see</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 706.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I see red now what's probably I'll see"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 706.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I see red now what's probably I'll see red<00:11:46.680><c> next.</c><00:11:47.560><c> The</c><00:11:47.640><c> point</c><00:11:47.920><c> three</c><00:11:48.240><c> is</c><00:11:48.600><c> if</c><00:11:48.720><c> I</c><00:11:48.800><c> see</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 708.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "red next. The point three is if I see"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 709.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "red next. The point three is if I see red<00:11:49.200><c> now</c><00:11:49.839><c> it's</c><00:11:50.040><c> a</c><00:11:50.520><c> three</c><00:11:50.800><c> tenths</c><00:11:51.160><c> chance</c><00:11:51.640><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 711.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "red now it's a three tenths chance that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 711.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "red now it's a three tenths chance that I'll<00:11:51.960><c> get</c><00:11:52.480><c> uh</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 713.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'll get uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 713.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'll get uh a<00:11:53.360><c> 30%</c><00:11:53.839><c> chance</c><00:11:54.040><c> I'll</c><00:11:54.160><c> get</c><00:11:54.680><c> green</c><00:11:55.040><c> next</c><00:11:55.320><c> and</c><00:11:55.440><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 715.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a 30% chance I'll get green next and so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 715.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a 30% chance I'll get green next and so forth.<00:11:55.839><c> That's</c><00:11:56.040><c> just</c><00:11:56.600><c> So,</c><00:11:56.760><c> it's</c><00:11:57.520><c> just</c><00:11:57.760><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 718.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "forth. That's just So, it's just a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 718.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "forth. That's just So, it's just a transition<00:11:58.880><c> matrix</c><00:11:59.400><c> probability</c><00:11:59.839><c> of</c><00:11:59.920><c> seeing</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 721.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "transition matrix probability of seeing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 721.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "transition matrix probability of seeing the<00:12:01.240><c> next</c><00:12:01.480><c> color</c><00:12:01.960><c> given</c><00:12:02.280><c> that</c><00:12:02.440><c> I'm</c><00:12:02.520><c> seeing</c><00:12:03.040><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 723.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the next color given that I'm seeing the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 723.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the next color given that I'm seeing the current<00:12:03.440><c> color.</c><00:12:04.120><c> So,</c><00:12:04.400><c> that's</c><00:12:04.640><c> all</c><00:12:04.760><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 725.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "current color. So, that's all Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 725.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "current color. So, that's all Markov chains<00:12:05.360><c> are</c><00:12:05.480><c> there</c><00:12:05.640><c> are</c><00:12:05.680><c> these</c><00:12:05.880><c> matrices</c><00:12:06.360><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 726.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chains are there are these matrices of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 726.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chains are there are these matrices of course<00:12:07.160><c> a</c><00:12:07.200><c> lot</c><00:12:07.320><c> of</c><00:12:07.400><c> complications</c><00:12:08.040><c> come</c><00:12:08.200><c> out</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 728.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "course a lot of complications come out"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 728.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "course a lot of complications come out of<00:12:08.400><c> that.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 729.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 729.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of that. And<00:12:09.839><c> one</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 730.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And one"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 730.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And one aspect<00:12:10.988><c> [clears throat]</c><00:12:11.360><c> of</c><00:12:11.480><c> Markov</c><00:12:11.880><c> chains</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 732.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "aspect [clears throat] of Markov chains"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 732.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "aspect [clears throat] of Markov chains is<00:12:12.360><c> that</c><00:12:12.600><c> they</c><00:12:12.880><c> immediately</c><00:12:13.520><c> estab-</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 734.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is that they immediately estab-"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 734.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is that they immediately estab- instantiate<00:12:15.480><c> a</c><00:12:15.520><c> very</c><00:12:15.720><c> interesting</c><00:12:16.120><c> kind</c><00:12:16.360><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 736.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "instantiate a very interesting kind of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 736.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "instantiate a very interesting kind of goal<00:12:16.760><c> directed</c><00:12:17.120><c> behavior.</c><00:12:18.120><c> No</c><00:12:18.200><c> matter</c><00:12:18.440><c> how</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 738.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "goal directed behavior. No matter how"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 738.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "goal directed behavior. No matter how you<00:12:18.960><c> what</c><00:12:19.440><c> what</c><00:12:19.680><c> state</c><00:12:20.000><c> you</c><00:12:20.120><c> start</c><00:12:20.400><c> the</c><00:12:20.520><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 740.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you what what state you start the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 740.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you what what state you start the Markov chain<00:12:21.280><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 742.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chain in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 742.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chain in it<00:12:22.280><c> has</c><00:12:22.839><c> a</c><00:12:22.960><c> target</c><00:12:23.839><c> stationary</c><00:12:24.440><c> measure.</c><00:12:24.720><c> In</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 744.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it has a target stationary measure. In"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 744.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it has a target stationary measure. In this<00:12:25.000><c> case</c><00:12:25.240><c> it's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 746.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this case it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 746.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this case it's uh<00:12:26.160><c> the</c><00:12:26.240><c> thing</c><00:12:26.400><c> on</c><00:12:26.520><c> the</c><00:12:26.600><c> left</c><00:12:26.839><c> point</c><00:12:27.000><c> three</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 747.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh the thing on the left point three"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 747.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh the thing on the left point three three<00:12:27.480><c> point</c><00:12:27.720><c> three</c><00:12:27.880><c> zero</c><00:12:28.200><c> point</c><00:12:28.440><c> one</c><00:12:28.560><c> six</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 749.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "three point three zero point one six"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 750.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "three point three zero point one six No<00:12:30.080><c> matter</c><00:12:30.360><c> what</c><00:12:30.560><c> state</c><00:12:31.560><c> you</c><00:12:31.720><c> start</c><00:12:32.240><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 752.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "No matter what state you start this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 752.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "No matter what state you start this matrix<00:12:33.160><c> in</c><00:12:33.560><c> it</c><00:12:34.080><c> is</c><00:12:34.240><c> going</c><00:12:34.560><c> to</c><00:12:34.720><c> go</c><00:12:35.320><c> eventually</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 756.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrix in it is going to go eventually"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 756.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrix in it is going to go eventually to<00:12:36.240><c> that</c><00:12:36.480><c> state.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 757.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to that state."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 757.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to that state. So,<00:12:38.240><c> and</c><00:12:39.000><c> you</c><00:12:39.120><c> can</c><00:12:39.280><c> perturb</c><00:12:39.680><c> it</c><00:12:39.760><c> as</c><00:12:39.880><c> much</c><00:12:40.120><c> as</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 760.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, and you can perturb it as much as"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 760.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, and you can perturb it as much as you<00:12:40.360><c> want.</c><00:12:41.120><c> It</c><00:12:41.360><c> will</c><00:12:41.920><c> resist</c><00:12:42.520><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 762.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you want. It will resist the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 762.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you want. It will resist the perturbation<00:12:43.520><c> and</c><00:12:43.680><c> head</c><00:12:43.920><c> back</c><00:12:44.560><c> to</c><00:12:45.080><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 765.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "perturbation and head back to that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 765.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "perturbation and head back to that target<00:12:45.920><c> state.</c><00:12:46.200><c> So,</c><00:12:46.360><c> already</c><00:12:46.839><c> we</c><00:12:47.000><c> have</c><00:12:47.800><c> in</c><00:12:48.360><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 768.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "target state. So, already we have in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 768.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "target state. So, already we have in the very<00:12:48.640><c> structure</c><00:12:49.480><c> of</c><00:12:49.640><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 770.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very structure of this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 770.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very structure of this a<00:12:50.760><c> goal</c><00:12:51.080><c> directed</c><00:12:51.520><c> behavior.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 773.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a goal directed behavior."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 774.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a goal directed behavior. So,<00:12:54.600><c> and</c><00:12:54.839><c> as</c><00:12:55.200><c> as</c><00:12:55.440><c> you</c><00:12:55.680><c> guys</c><00:12:55.920><c> in</c><00:12:56.000><c> your</c><00:12:56.120><c> papers</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 776.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, and as as you guys in your papers"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 776.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, and as as you guys in your papers talk<00:12:56.560><c> about</c><00:12:56.839><c> you</c><00:12:56.920><c> know</c><00:12:57.480><c> William</c><00:12:57.760><c> James</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 778.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "talk about you know William James"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 778.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "talk about you know William James mentions<00:12:58.520><c> that</c><00:12:58.680><c> intelligence</c><00:12:59.280><c> is</c><00:12:59.920><c> having</c><00:13:00.440><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 780.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mentions that intelligence is having you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 780.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mentions that intelligence is having you know<00:13:00.720><c> achieving</c><00:13:01.160><c> a</c><00:13:01.200><c> fixed</c><00:13:01.480><c> goal</c><00:13:01.760><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 781.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know achieving a fixed goal with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 782.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know achieving a fixed goal with variable<00:13:02.360><c> means</c><00:13:02.600><c> of</c><00:13:02.680><c> achieving</c><00:13:03.040><c> it.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 783.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "variable means of achieving it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 783.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "variable means of achieving it. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 785.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 785.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, So,<00:13:05.200><c> that's</c><00:13:05.480><c> the</c><00:13:05.560><c> stationary</c><00:13:06.040><c> measure</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 787.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's the stationary measure"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 787.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's the stationary measure and<00:13:07.680><c> if</c><00:13:07.839><c> you</c><00:13:08.080><c> all</c><00:13:08.200><c> have</c><00:13:08.400><c> an</c><00:13:08.520><c> ergodic</c><00:13:09.040><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 789.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and if you all have an ergodic Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 789.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and if you all have an ergodic Markov chain<00:13:09.880><c> then</c><00:13:10.280><c> you</c><00:13:10.400><c> will</c><00:13:10.839><c> have</c><00:13:11.320><c> a</c><00:13:11.360><c> stationary</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 791.829,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chain then you will have a stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 791.839,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chain then you will have a stationary measure."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 793.829,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measure."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 793.839,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measure. Now,<00:13:14.200><c> the</c><00:13:14.400><c> idea</c><00:13:14.800><c> is</c><00:13:15.440><c> I</c><00:13:15.520><c> want</c><00:13:15.760><c> to</c><00:13:15.800><c> have</c><00:13:16.000><c> multi</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 796.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now, the idea is I want to have multi"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 796.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now, the idea is I want to have multi scale"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 798.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scale"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 798.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scale collective<00:13:18.560><c> intelligence</c><00:13:19.120><c> and</c><00:13:19.240><c> so</c><00:13:19.480><c> we</c><00:13:19.600><c> need</c><00:13:19.800><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 799.829,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "collective intelligence and so we need a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 799.839,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "collective intelligence and so we need a notion<00:13:20.200><c> of</c><00:13:20.320><c> scale.</c><00:13:20.720><c> So,</c><00:13:20.839><c> I'm</c><00:13:20.920><c> just</c><00:13:21.080><c> going</c><00:13:21.200><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 801.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of scale. So, I'm just going to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 801.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of scale. So, I'm just going to take<00:13:21.480><c> an</c><00:13:21.560><c> observer</c><00:13:21.920><c> that</c><00:13:22.080><c> sees</c><00:13:22.320><c> a</c><00:13:22.400><c> subset</c><00:13:23.400><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 803.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "take an observer that sees a subset of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 803.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "take an observer that sees a subset of the<00:13:23.960><c> states</c><00:13:24.360><c> that</c><00:13:24.560><c> this</c><00:13:25.200><c> So,</c><00:13:25.360><c> the</c><00:13:25.560><c> first</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 805.829,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the states that this So, the first"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 805.839,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the states that this So, the first observer<00:13:26.200><c> I</c><00:13:26.240><c> was</c><00:13:26.360><c> talking</c><00:13:26.560><c> about</c><00:13:26.760><c> has</c><00:13:26.960><c> four</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 807.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer I was talking about has four"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 807.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer I was talking about has four colors<00:13:28.000><c> it</c><00:13:28.080><c> can</c><00:13:28.200><c> see.</c><00:13:28.680><c> Let's</c><00:13:28.839><c> consider</c><00:13:29.240><c> one</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 809.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "colors it can see. Let's consider one"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 809.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "colors it can see. Let's consider one that<00:13:29.560><c> has</c><00:13:29.800><c> only</c><00:13:30.000><c> two.</c><00:13:30.600><c> So,</c><00:13:30.760><c> that's</c><00:13:30.960><c> my</c><00:13:31.080><c> notion</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 811.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that has only two. So, that's my notion"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 811.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that has only two. So, that's my notion of<00:13:31.520><c> scale.</c><00:13:31.800><c> How</c><00:13:31.920><c> many</c><00:13:32.720><c> you</c><00:13:32.760><c> know</c><00:13:32.920><c> the</c><00:13:33.160><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 813.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of scale. How many you know the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 813.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of scale. How many you know the the subset<00:13:33.720><c> relationship</c><00:13:34.240><c> among</c><00:13:34.480><c> the</c><00:13:34.600><c> number</c><00:13:34.960><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 815.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "subset relationship among the number of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 815.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "subset relationship among the number of experiences<00:13:35.839><c> that</c><00:13:36.040><c> you</c><00:13:36.160><c> have.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 817.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experiences that you have."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 817.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experiences that you have. Now,<00:13:37.960><c> so</c><00:13:38.440><c> here's</c><00:13:38.720><c> the</c><00:13:39.120><c> the</c><00:13:39.240><c> key</c><00:13:39.480><c> idea</c><00:13:39.720><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 819.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now, so here's the the key idea of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 819.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now, so here's the the key idea of everything<00:13:40.160><c> we're</c><00:13:40.280><c> going</c><00:13:40.400><c> to</c><00:13:40.440><c> be</c><00:13:40.560><c> doing</c><00:13:40.839><c> now.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 821.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "everything we're going to be doing now."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 821.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "everything we're going to be doing now. Suppose<00:13:42.000><c> I</c><00:13:42.080><c> take</c><00:13:42.720><c> the</c><00:13:42.960><c> matrix</c><00:13:43.440><c> on</c><00:13:43.560><c> the</c><00:13:43.640><c> right</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 824.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Suppose I take the matrix on the right"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 824.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Suppose I take the matrix on the right as<00:13:44.520><c> describing</c><00:13:45.320><c> quote</c><00:13:45.520><c> unquote</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 827.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as describing quote unquote"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 827.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as describing quote unquote the<00:13:47.680><c> reality.</c><00:13:48.240><c> This</c><00:13:48.480><c> is</c><00:13:49.280><c> what's</c><00:13:49.480><c> happening.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 830.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the reality. This is what's happening."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 830.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the reality. This is what's happening. And<00:13:50.760><c> but</c><00:13:51.400><c> and</c><00:13:51.680><c> those</c><00:13:51.839><c> are</c><00:13:51.880><c> the</c><00:13:52.000><c> transitions.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 832.829,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And but and those are the transitions."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 832.839,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And but and those are the transitions. But<00:13:53.000><c> this</c><00:13:53.240><c> observer</c><00:13:53.680><c> on</c><00:13:53.800><c> the</c><00:13:53.880><c> left</c><00:13:54.520><c> only</c><00:13:55.000><c> sees</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 835.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But this observer on the left only sees"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 835.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But this observer on the left only sees two<00:13:56.600><c> red</c><00:13:56.839><c> and</c><00:13:56.960><c> green.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 837.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "two red and green."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 837.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "two red and green. What<00:13:58.320><c> transition</c><00:13:58.880><c> probabilities</c><00:13:59.600><c> is</c><00:13:59.800><c> it</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 839.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What transition probabilities is it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 839.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What transition probabilities is it going<00:14:00.120><c> to</c><00:14:00.240><c> see?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 841.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "going to see?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 841.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "going to see? Right,<00:14:01.480><c> there's</c><00:14:01.760><c> there</c><00:14:01.880><c> should</c><00:14:02.080><c> be</c><00:14:02.200><c> a</c><00:14:02.280><c> formula</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 843.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right, there's there should be a formula"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 843.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right, there's there should be a formula given<00:14:03.760><c> the</c><00:14:04.400><c> the</c><00:14:04.560><c> matrix</c><00:14:04.960><c> on</c><00:14:05.040><c> the</c><00:14:05.160><c> right</c><00:14:05.400><c> there</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 845.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "given the the matrix on the right there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 845.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "given the the matrix on the right there should<00:14:05.680><c> be</c><00:14:05.800><c> some</c><00:14:06.000><c> kind</c><00:14:06.200><c> of</c><00:14:06.680><c> computation</c><00:14:07.360><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 847.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "should be some kind of computation we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 847.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "should be some kind of computation we can<00:14:07.680><c> do</c><00:14:08.040><c> to</c><00:14:08.160><c> give</c><00:14:08.320><c> us</c><00:14:08.480><c> a</c><00:14:08.560><c> two</c><00:14:08.800><c> by</c><00:14:08.960><c> two</c><00:14:09.160><c> matrix</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 850.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can do to give us a two by two matrix"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 850.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can do to give us a two by two matrix for<00:14:10.960><c> the</c><00:14:11.240><c> transitions</c><00:14:12.120><c> on</c><00:14:12.320><c> the</c><00:14:12.400><c> left</c><00:14:12.800><c> of</c><00:14:12.920><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 853.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for the transitions on the left of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 853.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for the transitions on the left of the just<00:14:13.560><c> in</c><00:14:13.680><c> red</c><00:14:13.839><c> and</c><00:14:13.920><c> green.</c><00:14:14.280><c> Does</c><00:14:14.400><c> that</c><00:14:14.680><c> idea</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 854.949,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just in red and green. Does that idea"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 854.959,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just in red and green. Does that idea make<00:14:15.120><c> sense?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 856.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "make sense?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 856.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "make sense? Yep.<00:14:17.160><c> Okay,</c><00:14:17.720><c> good.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 858.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yep. Okay, good."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 858.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yep. Okay, good. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 859.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 859.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, when<00:14:19.680><c> you</c><00:14:19.760><c> do</c><00:14:19.959><c> the</c><00:14:20.040><c> mathematics</c><00:14:20.600><c> it</c><00:14:20.680><c> turns</c><00:14:20.920><c> out</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 861.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "when you do the mathematics it turns out"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 861.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "when you do the mathematics it turns out that's<00:14:21.280><c> the</c><00:14:21.360><c> matrix.</c><00:14:21.839><c> It's</c><00:14:22.360><c> So,</c><00:14:22.520><c> you</c><00:14:22.600><c> get</c><00:14:22.760><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 862.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's the matrix. It's So, you get this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 862.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's the matrix. It's So, you get this very<00:14:23.600><c> two</c><00:14:23.760><c> by</c><00:14:23.920><c> two</c><00:14:24.079><c> matrix.</c><00:14:24.440><c> Notice</c><00:14:24.839><c> that</c><00:14:25.160><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 865.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very two by two matrix. Notice that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 865.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very two by two matrix. Notice that the numbers<00:14:25.600><c> are</c><00:14:25.720><c> completely</c><00:14:26.160><c> different</c><00:14:26.480><c> from</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 866.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "numbers are completely different from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 866.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "numbers are completely different from this<00:14:26.800><c> matrix,</c><00:14:27.200><c> right?</c><00:14:27.480><c> There's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 868.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this matrix, right? There's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 868.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this matrix, right? There's it's<00:14:28.680><c> not</c><00:14:28.839><c> you're</c><00:14:29.040><c> not</c><00:14:29.240><c> just</c><00:14:29.400><c> copying.</c><00:14:29.720><c> It's</c><00:14:29.839><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 869.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's not you're not just copying. It's a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 869.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's not you're not just copying. It's a computation<00:14:30.560><c> that</c><00:14:30.680><c> you</c><00:14:30.720><c> have</c><00:14:30.839><c> to</c><00:14:30.959><c> do.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 871.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "computation that you have to do."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 871.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "computation that you have to do. And<00:14:32.280><c> so</c><00:14:32.480><c> here</c><00:14:32.680><c> are</c><00:14:32.760><c> the</c><00:14:32.880><c> two</c><00:14:33.000><c> matrices</c><00:14:34.240><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 874.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And so here are the two matrices you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 874.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And so here are the two matrices you know<00:14:34.720><c> the</c><00:14:34.800><c> one</c><00:14:35.000><c> on</c><00:14:35.079><c> the</c><00:14:35.200><c> right</c><00:14:35.480><c> is</c><00:14:35.600><c> the</c><00:14:35.680><c> big</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 875.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know the one on the right is the big"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 875.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know the one on the right is the big matrix<00:14:36.600><c> and</c><00:14:36.880><c> if</c><00:14:37.000><c> you</c><00:14:37.160><c> just</c><00:14:37.640><c> restrict</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 878.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrix and if you just restrict"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 878.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrix and if you just restrict attention<00:14:38.600><c> to</c><00:14:39.320><c> the</c><00:14:39.480><c> red</c><00:14:39.680><c> and</c><00:14:39.760><c> green</c><00:14:40.079><c> then</c><00:14:40.280><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 880.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "attention to the red and green then you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 880.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "attention to the red and green then you get<00:14:40.560><c> the</c><00:14:40.640><c> matrix</c><00:14:41.000><c> on</c><00:14:41.079><c> the</c><00:14:41.160><c> left</c><00:14:41.760><c> induced</c><00:14:42.480><c> by</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 882.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "get the matrix on the left induced by"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 882.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "get the matrix on the left induced by the<00:14:42.839><c> matrix</c><00:14:43.280><c> on</c><00:14:43.400><c> the</c><00:14:43.480><c> right.</c><00:14:44.200><c> And</c><00:14:44.320><c> this</c><00:14:44.480><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 884.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the matrix on the right. And this is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 884.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the matrix on the right. And this is called<00:14:44.839><c> the</c><00:14:44.920><c> trace.</c><00:14:45.440><c> So,</c><00:14:45.600><c> the</c><00:14:45.800><c> matrix</c><00:14:46.400><c> on</c><00:14:46.640><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 886.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "called the trace. So, the matrix on the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 886.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "called the trace. So, the matrix on the left<00:14:47.880><c> is</c><00:14:48.400><c> called</c><00:14:48.880><c> the</c><00:14:49.040><c> trace</c><00:14:50.120><c> of</c><00:14:50.280><c> the</c><00:14:50.360><c> matrix</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 890.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "left is called the trace of the matrix"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 890.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "left is called the trace of the matrix on<00:14:50.920><c> the</c><00:14:51.000><c> right.</c><00:14:51.480><c> That's</c><00:14:51.680><c> just</c><00:14:51.880><c> standard</c><00:14:52.320><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 893.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "on the right. That's just standard in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 893.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "on the right. That's just standard in Markov<00:14:53.520><c> theory</c><00:14:53.720><c> that's</c><00:14:53.880><c> been</c><00:14:54.040><c> around</c><00:14:54.360><c> for</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 894.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov theory that's been around for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 894.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov theory that's been around for more<00:14:55.079><c> than</c><00:14:55.280><c> half</c><00:14:56.000><c> half</c><00:14:56.160><c> a</c><00:14:56.240><c> century.</c><00:14:56.680><c> So,</c><00:14:56.839><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 896.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "more than half half a century. So, this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 897.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "more than half half a century. So, this is<00:14:57.120><c> not</c><00:14:57.280><c> new</c><00:14:57.440><c> to</c><00:14:57.520><c> me</c><00:14:57.920><c> or</c><00:14:58.320><c> to</c><00:14:58.480><c> us.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 900.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is not new to me or to us."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 900.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is not new to me or to us. Now,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 901.829,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 901.839,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now, this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 903.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 903.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this you<00:15:03.720><c> can</c><00:15:03.880><c> actually</c><00:15:04.800><c> the</c><00:15:04.959><c> trace</c><00:15:05.240><c> formula</c><00:15:05.600><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 905.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you can actually the trace formula is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 905.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you can actually the trace formula is important.<00:15:06.040><c> I'm</c><00:15:06.120><c> going</c><00:15:06.240><c> to</c><00:15:06.320><c> go</c><00:15:06.480><c> through</c><00:15:06.680><c> it</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 906.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "important. I'm going to go through it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 906.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "important. I'm going to go through it because<00:15:07.040><c> it</c><00:15:07.160><c> has</c><00:15:07.360><c> an</c><00:15:07.440><c> important</c><00:15:07.800><c> conceptual</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 908.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because it has an important conceptual"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 908.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because it has an important conceptual thing<00:15:08.480><c> for</c><00:15:08.640><c> us.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 909.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thing for us."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 909.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thing for us. So,<00:15:09.600><c> the</c><00:15:09.680><c> way</c><00:15:09.800><c> you</c><00:15:09.920><c> compute</c><00:15:10.320><c> the</c><00:15:10.400><c> trace.</c><00:15:10.680><c> So,</c><00:15:10.760><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 910.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the way you compute the trace. So, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 910.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the way you compute the trace. So, I got<00:15:11.040><c> I'm</c><00:15:11.120><c> going</c><00:15:11.240><c> to</c><00:15:11.320><c> take</c><00:15:11.480><c> this</c><00:15:11.680><c> matrix.</c><00:15:12.360><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 912.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "got I'm going to take this matrix. I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 912.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "got I'm going to take this matrix. I want<00:15:12.800><c> to</c><00:15:13.440><c> I'll</c><00:15:13.560><c> call</c><00:15:13.800><c> it</c><00:15:13.920><c> matrix</c><00:15:14.320><c> P</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 915.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "want to I'll call it matrix P"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 915.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "want to I'll call it matrix P and<00:15:15.560><c> I</c><00:15:15.600><c> want</c><00:15:15.839><c> to</c><00:15:16.400><c> you</c><00:15:16.480><c> know</c><00:15:16.600><c> get</c><00:15:16.760><c> its</c><00:15:16.880><c> trace</c><00:15:17.240><c> on</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 917.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and I want to you know get its trace on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 917.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and I want to you know get its trace on the<00:15:17.480><c> red</c><00:15:17.680><c> and</c><00:15:17.760><c> green.</c><00:15:18.520><c> So,</c><00:15:18.680><c> first</c><00:15:19.000><c> I'll</c><00:15:19.079><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 919.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the red and green. So, first I'll just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 919.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the red and green. So, first I'll just notice<00:15:19.640><c> that</c><00:15:19.839><c> we</c><00:15:20.000><c> can</c><00:15:20.200><c> take</c><00:15:20.480><c> this</c><00:15:20.680><c> matrix</c><00:15:21.200><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 921.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notice that we can take this matrix and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 921.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notice that we can take this matrix and divide<00:15:21.760><c> it</c><00:15:21.920><c> into</c><00:15:22.480><c> four</c><00:15:23.120><c> submatrices.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 924.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "divide it into four submatrices."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 925.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "divide it into four submatrices. Um<00:15:25.680><c> there's</c><00:15:25.959><c> a</c><00:15:26.040><c> two</c><00:15:26.200><c> by</c><00:15:26.320><c> two</c><00:15:26.520><c> matrix</c><00:15:27.160><c> you</c><00:15:27.240><c> know</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 927.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um there's a two by two matrix you know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 927.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um there's a two by two matrix you know that<00:15:27.520><c> has</c><00:15:27.680><c> point</c><00:15:27.920><c> two</c><00:15:28.079><c> point</c><00:15:28.280><c> three</c><00:15:28.680><c> point</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 928.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that has point two point three point"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 928.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that has point two point three point five<00:15:29.160><c> point</c><00:15:29.400><c> two.</c><00:15:29.480><c> That's</c><00:15:29.760><c> for</c><00:15:29.959><c> the</c><00:15:30.079><c> red</c><00:15:30.280><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 930.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "five point two. That's for the red and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 930.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "five point two. That's for the red and green<00:15:30.839><c> and</c><00:15:30.959><c> so</c><00:15:31.120><c> forth.</c><00:15:31.959><c> Um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 932.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "green and so forth. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 932.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "green and so forth. Um that<00:15:33.320><c> we'll</c><00:15:33.440><c> call</c><00:15:33.640><c> matrix</c><00:15:34.200><c> A.</c><00:15:34.600><c> So,</c><00:15:34.800><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 935.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that we'll call matrix A. So, that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 935.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that we'll call matrix A. So, that's going<00:15:35.360><c> to</c><00:15:35.440><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 936.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "going to be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 936.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "going to be the<00:15:36.520><c> states</c><00:15:36.959><c> that</c><00:15:37.079><c> are</c><00:15:37.280><c> visible</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 938.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the states that are visible"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 938.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the states that are visible to<00:15:39.040><c> the</c><00:15:39.200><c> trace</c><00:15:39.720><c> observer,</c><00:15:40.240><c> right?</c><00:15:40.480><c> So,</c><00:15:40.680><c> A</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 941.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to the trace observer, right? So, A"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 941.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to the trace observer, right? So, A is<00:15:42.360><c> the</c><00:15:42.600><c> the</c><00:15:42.760><c> submatrix</c><00:15:44.160><c> based</c><00:15:44.480><c> on</c><00:15:44.600><c> the</c><00:15:44.680><c> states</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 945.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is the the submatrix based on the states"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 945.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is the the submatrix based on the states that<00:15:45.200><c> are</c><00:15:45.320><c> going</c><00:15:45.560><c> to</c><00:15:45.680><c> be</c><00:15:45.839><c> visible</c><00:15:46.440><c> to</c><00:15:46.720><c> the</c><00:15:46.880><c> sub</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 947.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that are going to be visible to the sub"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 947.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that are going to be visible to the sub observer."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 948.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 948.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer. C<00:15:49.760><c> is</c><00:15:50.040><c> the</c><00:15:50.160><c> submatrix</c><00:15:51.640><c> um</c><00:15:52.480><c> relating</c><00:15:52.839><c> states</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 953.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "C is the submatrix um relating states"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 953.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "C is the submatrix um relating states that<00:15:53.560><c> are</c><00:15:53.959><c> dark</c><00:15:55.000><c> to</c><00:15:55.079><c> this</c><00:15:55.280><c> new</c><00:15:55.440><c> observer.</c><00:15:55.880><c> It</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 956.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that are dark to this new observer. It"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 956.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that are dark to this new observer. It doesn't<00:15:56.320><c> see</c><00:15:56.480><c> this.</c><00:15:56.760><c> So,</c><00:15:56.920><c> this</c><00:15:57.160><c> is</c><00:15:57.320><c> all</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 957.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "doesn't see this. So, this is all"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 957.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "doesn't see this. So, this is all dynamics<00:15:58.520><c> that's</c><00:15:58.880><c> dark</c><00:15:59.400><c> to</c><00:15:59.560><c> it.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 960.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dynamics that's dark to it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 960.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dynamics that's dark to it. Okay?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 962.069,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 962.079,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay? B"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 963.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "B"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 963.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "B is<00:16:03.880><c> the</c><00:16:04.440><c> matrix</c><00:16:04.920><c> that</c><00:16:05.120><c> is</c><00:16:05.320><c> the</c><00:16:05.560><c> exit.</c><00:16:06.760><c> This</c><00:16:07.000><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 967.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is the matrix that is the exit. This is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 967.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is the matrix that is the exit. This is the<00:16:07.520><c> exits</c><00:16:08.040><c> from</c><00:16:08.200><c> what</c><00:16:08.360><c> you</c><00:16:08.480><c> can</c><00:16:08.640><c> see</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 969.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the exits from what you can see"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 969.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the exits from what you can see to<00:16:10.480><c> to</c><00:16:10.640><c> the</c><00:16:10.760><c> dark</c><00:16:11.040><c> region.</c><00:16:11.920><c> So,</c><00:16:12.160><c> B</c><00:16:12.400><c> is</c><00:16:12.600><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 972.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to to the dark region. So, B is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 972.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to to the dark region. So, B is the exits<00:16:13.839><c> and</c><00:16:14.200><c> D</c><00:16:15.040><c> is</c><00:16:15.400><c> the</c><00:16:15.520><c> re-entrance.</c><00:16:16.760><c> This</c><00:16:16.880><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 977.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "exits and D is the re-entrance. This is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 977.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "exits and D is the re-entrance. This is getting<00:16:17.320><c> from</c><00:16:17.480><c> the</c><00:16:17.640><c> invisible</c><00:16:18.160><c> world</c><00:16:18.680><c> into</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 979.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "getting from the invisible world into"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 979.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "getting from the invisible world into the<00:16:19.400><c> visible</c><00:16:19.880><c> world.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 980.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the visible world."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 980.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the visible world. So,<00:16:21.120><c> those</c><00:16:21.360><c> are</c><00:16:21.440><c> the</c><00:16:21.560><c> submatrices</c><00:16:22.920><c> that</c><00:16:23.120><c> we're</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 983.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, those are the submatrices that we're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 983.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, those are the submatrices that we're going<00:16:23.560><c> to</c><00:16:23.760><c> be</c><00:16:23.959><c> using</c><00:16:24.839><c> and</c><00:16:25.160><c> here</c><00:16:25.400><c> is</c><00:16:25.520><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 985.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "going to be using and here is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 985.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "going to be using and here is the formula."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 986.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "formula."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 986.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "formula. This<00:16:26.880><c> works</c><00:16:27.400><c> universally.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 988.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "This works universally."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 988.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "This works universally. The<00:16:28.800><c> trace</c><00:16:29.480><c> So,</c><00:16:29.839><c> the</c><00:16:30.040><c> trace</c><00:16:30.360><c> matrix</c><00:16:30.959><c> on</c><00:16:31.440><c> A</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 992.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The trace So, the trace matrix on A"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 992.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The trace So, the trace matrix on A which<00:16:32.440><c> is</c><00:16:32.680><c> you</c><00:16:32.760><c> know</c><00:16:32.839><c> the</c><00:16:32.920><c> visible</c><00:16:33.280><c> states</c><00:16:33.959><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 994.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which is you know the visible states is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 994.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which is you know the visible states is you<00:16:34.320><c> just</c><00:16:34.520><c> take</c><00:16:34.839><c> the</c><00:16:34.959><c> original</c><00:16:35.360><c> matrix</c><00:16:35.800><c> A.</c><00:16:35.959><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 996.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you just take the original matrix A. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 996.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you just take the original matrix A. So, point<00:16:36.400><c> two</c><00:16:36.600><c> point</c><00:16:36.839><c> three</c><00:16:37.200><c> point</c><00:16:37.440><c> five</c><00:16:37.680><c> point</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 997.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "point two point three point five point"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 997.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "point two point three point five point two."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 998.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "two."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 998.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "two. And<00:16:39.120><c> you</c><00:16:39.320><c> add</c><00:16:40.160><c> this</c><00:16:40.480><c> interesting</c><00:16:41.480><c> thing</c><00:16:41.720><c> on</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1001.829,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And you add this interesting thing on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1001.839,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And you add this interesting thing on the<00:16:41.920><c> right.</c><00:16:42.720><c> That</c><00:16:43.079><c> I</c><00:16:43.480><c> is</c><00:16:43.760><c> the</c><00:16:43.880><c> identity</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1004.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the right. That I is the identity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1004.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the right. That I is the identity matrix."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1005.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrix."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1005.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrix. So,<00:16:46.000><c> you</c><00:16:46.120><c> take</c><00:16:46.280><c> the</c><00:16:46.400><c> identity</c><00:16:46.720><c> matrix</c><00:16:47.200><c> minus</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1008.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, you take the identity matrix minus"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1008.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, you take the identity matrix minus the<00:16:48.839><c> dark</c><00:16:49.320><c> matrix.</c><00:16:50.040><c> So,</c><00:16:50.280><c> I</c><00:16:50.400><c> minus</c><00:16:50.720><c> C</c><00:16:50.920><c> is</c><00:16:51.120><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1011.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the dark matrix. So, I minus C is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1011.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the dark matrix. So, I minus C is the identity<00:16:51.680><c> minus</c><00:16:52.000><c> the</c><00:16:52.120><c> dark</c><00:16:52.680><c> matrix.</c><00:16:53.600><c> And</c><00:16:53.720><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1013.829,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "identity minus the dark matrix. And you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1013.839,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "identity minus the dark matrix. And you take<00:16:54.079><c> its</c><00:16:54.200><c> inverse.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1016.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "take its inverse."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1016.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "take its inverse. That<00:16:56.440><c> has</c><00:16:56.640><c> the</c><00:16:56.760><c> effect</c><00:16:57.160><c> of</c><00:16:57.360><c> being</c><00:16:57.680><c> able</c><00:16:57.920><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1017.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That has the effect of being able to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1018.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That has the effect of being able to explore<00:16:58.520><c> all</c><00:16:58.720><c> possible</c><00:16:59.200><c> paths.</c><00:16:59.600><c> There's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1019.829,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "explore all possible paths. There's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1019.839,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "explore all possible paths. There's infinite<00:17:00.120><c> number</c><00:17:00.320><c> of</c><00:17:00.400><c> paths</c><00:17:01.079><c> through</c><00:17:01.400><c> C</c><00:17:01.839><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1021.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "infinite number of paths through C that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1022.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "infinite number of paths through C that you<00:17:02.120><c> could</c><00:17:02.240><c> take.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1023.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you could take."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1023.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you could take. So,<00:17:03.360><c> you</c><00:17:03.560><c> allow</c><00:17:04.199><c> I</c><00:17:04.360><c> minus</c><00:17:04.679><c> C</c><00:17:05.400><c> quantity</c><00:17:05.720><c> inverse</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1026.069,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, you allow I minus C quantity inverse"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1026.079,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, you allow I minus C quantity inverse is<00:17:06.520><c> exploring</c><00:17:07.040><c> the</c><00:17:07.160><c> infinite</c><00:17:07.480><c> number</c><00:17:07.720><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1027.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is exploring the infinite number of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1027.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is exploring the infinite number of paths<00:17:08.160><c> there</c><00:17:08.640><c> and</c><00:17:08.720><c> then</c><00:17:08.839><c> you</c><00:17:09.040><c> pre</c><00:17:09.280><c> multiply</c><00:17:09.839><c> by</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1030.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "paths there and then you pre multiply by"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1030.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "paths there and then you pre multiply by the<00:17:11.320><c> exits</c><00:17:11.920><c> and</c><00:17:12.160><c> post</c><00:17:12.480><c> multiply</c><00:17:13.000><c> by</c><00:17:13.160><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1033.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the exits and post multiply by the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1033.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the exits and post multiply by the entrances."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1034.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "entrances."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1034.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "entrances. And<00:17:14.600><c> you</c><00:17:14.679><c> add</c><00:17:14.800><c> that</c><00:17:15.000><c> all</c><00:17:15.160><c> up</c><00:17:15.280><c> and</c><00:17:15.360><c> that's</c><00:17:15.560><c> your</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1035.669,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And you add that all up and that's your"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1035.679,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And you add that all up and that's your trace.<00:17:16.400><c> So,</c><00:17:16.560><c> that's</c><00:17:16.800><c> the</c><00:17:16.920><c> idea.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1037.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace. So, that's the idea."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1038.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace. So, that's the idea. You're<00:17:18.320><c> basically</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1039.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "You're basically"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1039.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "You're basically you<00:17:20.120><c> get</c><00:17:20.320><c> the</c><00:17:20.520><c> trace</c><00:17:20.920><c> by</c><00:17:21.079><c> looking</c><00:17:21.400><c> at</c><00:17:21.520><c> all</c><00:17:21.760><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1041.829,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you get the trace by looking at all the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1041.839,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you get the trace by looking at all the ways<00:17:22.120><c> that</c><00:17:22.280><c> you</c><00:17:22.400><c> can</c><00:17:22.560><c> go</c><00:17:22.800><c> outside</c><00:17:23.160><c> of</c><00:17:23.240><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1043.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ways that you can go outside of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1043.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ways that you can go outside of the trace<00:17:24.120><c> and</c><00:17:24.240><c> then</c><00:17:24.400><c> coming</c><00:17:24.679><c> back</c><00:17:24.959><c> into</c><00:17:25.120><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1045.189,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace and then coming back into the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1045.199,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace and then coming back into the trace."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1046.189,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1046.199,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace. The<00:17:26.560><c> trace</c><00:17:26.800><c> states,</c><00:17:27.160><c> okay?</c><00:17:27.760><c> That's</c><00:17:28.000><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1048.069,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The trace states, okay? That's the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1048.079,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The trace states, okay? That's the general<00:17:28.439><c> formula.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1049.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "general formula."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1049.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "general formula. So,<00:17:29.480><c> that's</c><00:17:29.679><c> been</c><00:17:29.800><c> around</c><00:17:30.280><c> again</c><00:17:30.520><c> that's</c><00:17:30.679><c> not</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1050.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's been around again that's not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1050.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's been around again that's not us.<00:17:31.040><c> That's</c><00:17:31.240><c> been</c><00:17:31.360><c> around</c><00:17:31.600><c> for</c><00:17:31.920><c> a</c><00:17:31.960><c> long</c><00:17:32.160><c> time.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1053.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "us. That's been around for a long time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1053.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "us. That's been around for a long time. So,<00:17:33.320><c> you</c><00:17:33.440><c> have</c><00:17:33.640><c> hidden</c><00:17:33.920><c> memories</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1055.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, you have hidden memories"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1055.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, you have hidden memories and<00:17:36.160><c> controls.</c><00:17:36.720><c> B,</c><00:17:36.920><c> C,</c><00:17:37.200><c> and</c><00:17:37.360><c> D</c><00:17:37.640><c> are</c><00:17:37.760><c> going</c><00:17:37.920><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1057.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and controls. B, C, and D are going to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1058.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and controls. B, C, and D are going to be<00:17:38.200><c> hidden</c><00:17:38.720><c> layers</c><00:17:39.240><c> of</c><00:17:39.440><c> control</c><00:17:40.160><c> that</c><00:17:40.320><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1060.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be hidden layers of control that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1060.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be hidden layers of control that the that<00:17:41.120><c> the</c><00:17:41.280><c> agent</c><00:17:42.320><c> A</c><00:17:43.000><c> cannot</c><00:17:43.400><c> see</c><00:17:44.280><c> but</c><00:17:44.720><c> will</c><00:17:44.920><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1065.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that the agent A cannot see but will be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1065.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that the agent A cannot see but will be influencing<00:17:46.200><c> their</c><00:17:46.320><c> behavior.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1067.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "influencing their behavior."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1067.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "influencing their behavior. So,<00:17:47.760><c> that's</c><00:17:47.920><c> going</c><00:17:48.080><c> to</c><00:17:48.160><c> be</c><00:17:48.240><c> an</c><00:17:48.320><c> interesting</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1068.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's going to be an interesting"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1068.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's going to be an interesting hidden<00:17:49.120><c> memory</c><00:17:49.520><c> kinds</c><00:17:49.920><c> of</c><00:17:50.560><c> possibilities</c><00:17:51.200><c> now</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1071.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hidden memory kinds of possibilities now"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1071.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hidden memory kinds of possibilities now with<00:17:52.200><c> B,</c><00:17:52.440><c> C,</c><00:17:52.880><c> and</c><00:17:53.120><c> D.</c><00:17:53.960><c> So,</c><00:17:54.080><c> there's</c><00:17:54.280><c> explicit</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1074.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with B, C, and D. So, there's explicit"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1074.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with B, C, and D. So, there's explicit memory<00:17:55.120><c> changes</c><00:17:55.560><c> when</c><00:17:55.679><c> you</c><00:17:55.760><c> change</c><00:17:56.120><c> A</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1076.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "memory changes when you change A"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1076.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "memory changes when you change A directly"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1077.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "directly"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1077.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "directly but<00:17:57.800><c> then</c><00:17:57.960><c> there's</c><00:17:58.120><c> going</c><00:17:58.320><c> to</c><00:17:58.400><c> be</c><00:17:58.640><c> hidden.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1080.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but then there's going to be hidden."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1080.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but then there's going to be hidden. Just<00:18:01.600><c> just</c><00:18:01.760><c> one</c><00:18:02.080><c> second</c><00:18:02.440><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1083.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Just just one second to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1083.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Just just one second to Can<00:18:03.480><c> you</c><00:18:03.520><c> please</c><00:18:03.679><c> go</c><00:18:03.760><c> back?</c><00:18:04.240><c> In</c><00:18:04.440><c> in</c><00:18:04.600><c> this</c><00:18:05.280><c> B,</c><00:18:05.480><c> C,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1085.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Can you please go back? In in this B, C,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1085.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Can you please go back? In in this B, C, D<00:18:06.320><c> so</c><00:18:06.520><c> the</c><00:18:06.840><c> the</c><00:18:07.240><c> exits,</c><00:18:07.840><c> the</c><00:18:08.240><c> entrances,</c><00:18:08.679><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1088.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "D so the the exits, the entrances, and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1088.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "D so the the exits, the entrances, and the<00:18:08.880><c> invisible.</c><00:18:09.679><c> Is</c><00:18:09.840><c> there</c><00:18:10.080><c> any</c><00:18:10.360><c> particular</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1090.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the invisible. Is there any particular"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1090.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the invisible. Is there any particular mapping<00:18:11.200><c> to</c><00:18:11.320><c> memory</c><00:18:11.600><c> or</c><00:18:11.720><c> control</c><00:18:12.160><c> or</c><00:18:12.440><c> is</c><00:18:12.560><c> it</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1092.669,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mapping to memory or control or is it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1092.679,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mapping to memory or control or is it more<00:18:12.840><c> of</c><00:18:12.960><c> a</c><00:18:13.040><c> blanket</c><00:18:13.440><c> category</c><00:18:13.880><c> you're</c><00:18:14.040><c> using</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1094.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "more of a blanket category you're using"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1094.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "more of a blanket category you're using hidden<00:18:14.880><c> memory</c><00:18:15.200><c> or</c><00:18:15.320><c> controls?</c><00:18:16.400><c> Like</c><00:18:16.840><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1097.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hidden memory or controls? Like is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1097.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hidden memory or controls? Like is memory<00:18:17.440><c> for</c><00:18:17.560><c> example</c><00:18:18.000><c> C</c><00:18:18.280><c> the</c><00:18:18.360><c> dynamics</c><00:18:18.920><c> hidden</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1099.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "memory for example C the dynamics hidden"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1099.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "memory for example C the dynamics hidden dynamics<00:18:19.720><c> in</c><00:18:19.840><c> C?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1100.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dynamics in C?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1100.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dynamics in C? Or<00:18:21.200><c> that's</c><00:18:21.920><c> or</c><00:18:22.400><c> what's</c><00:18:22.679><c> the</c><00:18:22.920><c> control</c><00:18:23.360><c> here?</c><00:18:23.640><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1103.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Or that's or what's the control here? I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1103.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Or that's or what's the control here? I suspect<00:18:24.160><c> the</c><00:18:24.240><c> exits</c><00:18:24.760><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1105.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "suspect the exits and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1105.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "suspect the exits and entrances<00:18:25.960><c> would</c><00:18:26.080><c> be</c><00:18:26.200><c> more</c><00:18:26.360><c> like</c><00:18:26.520><c> control.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1107.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "entrances would be more like control."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1107.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "entrances would be more like control. Well,<00:18:27.800><c> it</c><00:18:28.000><c> it</c><00:18:28.200><c> looks</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1109.149,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, it it looks"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1109.159,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, it it looks it<00:18:29.320><c> turns</c><00:18:29.640><c> out</c><00:18:29.800><c> that</c><00:18:30.040><c> you</c><00:18:30.200><c> if</c><00:18:30.440><c> you</c><00:18:30.640><c> there's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1110.909,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it turns out that you if you there's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1110.919,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it turns out that you if you there's different<00:18:31.240><c> ways</c><00:18:31.480><c> to</c><00:18:31.560><c> control.</c><00:18:32.000><c> You</c><00:18:32.120><c> can</c><00:18:32.560><c> screw</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1112.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different ways to control. You can screw"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1112.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different ways to control. You can screw around<00:18:33.240><c> with</c><00:18:33.440><c> B.</c><00:18:34.280><c> You</c><00:18:34.400><c> can</c><00:18:34.560><c> screw</c><00:18:34.880><c> around</c><00:18:35.200><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1115.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "around with B. You can screw around with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1115.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "around with B. You can screw around with C,<00:18:36.120><c> screw</c><00:18:36.440><c> around</c><00:18:36.679><c> with</c><00:18:36.880><c> D,</c><00:18:37.159><c> or</c><00:18:37.400><c> all</c><00:18:37.600><c> of</c><00:18:37.679><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1117.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "C, screw around with D, or all of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1117.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "C, screw around with D, or all of the above<00:18:38.159><c> in</c><00:18:38.320><c> any</c><00:18:38.480><c> combination</c><00:18:39.120><c> you</c><00:18:39.200><c> want.</c><00:18:39.720><c> All</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1119.909,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "above in any combination you want. All"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1119.919,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "above in any combination you want. All of<00:18:40.000><c> them</c><00:18:40.159><c> together</c><00:18:40.720><c> give</c><00:18:40.960><c> you</c><00:18:41.159><c> different</c><00:18:42.120><c> ways</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1122.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of them together give you different ways"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1122.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of them together give you different ways of<00:18:42.720><c> controlling.</c><00:18:43.440><c> So,</c><00:18:43.600><c> it's</c><00:18:43.720><c> really</c><00:18:44.000><c> quite</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1124.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of controlling. So, it's really quite"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1124.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of controlling. So, it's really quite fascinating<00:18:44.919><c> the</c><00:18:45.040><c> possibilities</c><00:18:45.640><c> here.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1126.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "fascinating the possibilities here."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1126.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "fascinating the possibilities here. I'm<00:18:46.880><c> going</c><00:18:47.000><c> to</c><00:18:47.080><c> go.</c><00:18:47.400><c> Thanks.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1129.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm going to go. Thanks."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1129.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm going to go. Thanks. So,<00:18:50.240><c> all</c><00:18:50.440><c> of</c><00:18:50.520><c> that</c><00:18:50.720><c> is</c><00:18:50.880><c> old.</c><00:18:51.360><c> Here's</c><00:18:51.640><c> the</c><00:18:51.720><c> new</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1131.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, all of that is old. Here's the new"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1131.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, all of that is old. Here's the new stuff.<00:18:52.159><c> We</c><00:18:52.280><c> discovered</c><00:18:52.840><c> just</c><00:18:53.000><c> a</c><00:18:53.040><c> couple</c><00:18:53.360><c> years</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1133.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stuff. We discovered just a couple years"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1133.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stuff. We discovered just a couple years ago<00:18:54.200><c> that</c><00:18:54.760><c> the</c><00:18:54.919><c> trace</c><00:18:55.520><c> relationship</c><00:18:56.720><c> gives</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1136.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ago that the trace relationship gives"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1137.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ago that the trace relationship gives you<00:18:57.120><c> a</c><00:18:57.240><c> partial</c><00:18:57.720><c> order</c><00:18:58.080><c> on</c><00:18:58.400><c> all</c><00:18:58.840><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1139.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you a partial order on all Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1139.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you a partial order on all Markov chains."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1140.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chains."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1140.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chains. That<00:19:00.720><c> was</c><00:19:01.000><c> the</c><00:19:01.080><c> discovery.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1142.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That was the discovery."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1142.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That was the discovery. And<00:19:02.280><c> that's</c><00:19:02.440><c> what</c><00:19:02.600><c> sort</c><00:19:02.800><c> of</c><00:19:02.880><c> launched</c><00:19:03.200><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1143.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And that's what sort of launched this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1143.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And that's what sort of launched this whole<00:19:03.560><c> thing.</c><00:19:03.960><c> So,</c><00:19:04.640><c> it's</c><00:19:04.800><c> a</c><00:19:04.880><c> partial</c><00:19:05.280><c> order</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1145.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "whole thing. So, it's a partial order"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1145.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "whole thing. So, it's a partial order which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1146.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1146.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which which<00:19:06.600><c> means</c><00:19:06.840><c> that</c><00:19:06.960><c> there</c><00:19:07.159><c> is</c><00:19:07.400><c> a</c><00:19:07.520><c> logic.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1148.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which means that there is a logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1149.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which means that there is a logic. So,<00:19:09.360><c> the</c><00:19:09.480><c> so</c><00:19:09.919><c> so</c><00:19:10.120><c> the</c><00:19:10.200><c> definition</c><00:19:11.240><c> is</c><00:19:11.880><c> that</c><00:19:12.240><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1153.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the so so the definition is that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1153.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the so so the definition is that the a<00:19:13.320><c> matrix</c><00:19:13.880><c> M</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1155.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a matrix M"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1155.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a matrix M is<00:19:15.320><c> less</c><00:19:15.560><c> than</c><00:19:15.679><c> or</c><00:19:15.760><c> equal</c><00:19:15.960><c> to</c><00:19:16.080><c> a</c><00:19:16.120><c> matrix</c><00:19:16.640><c> N</c><00:19:17.080><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1157.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is less than or equal to a matrix N in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1157.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is less than or equal to a matrix N in the<00:19:17.320><c> trace</c><00:19:17.600><c> order</c><00:19:18.240><c> if</c><00:19:18.440><c> and</c><00:19:18.560><c> only</c><00:19:18.800><c> if</c><00:19:19.000><c> M</c><00:19:19.200><c> is</c><00:19:19.320><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1159.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the trace order if and only if M is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1159.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the trace order if and only if M is a trace<00:19:19.679><c> of</c><00:19:19.800><c> N.</c><00:19:20.520><c> That's</c><00:19:20.679><c> it.</c><00:19:21.280><c> One</c><00:19:21.679><c> trivial</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1162.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace of N. That's it. One trivial"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1162.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace of N. That's it. One trivial definition<00:19:23.200><c> but</c><00:19:23.360><c> no</c><00:19:23.480><c> one</c><00:19:23.640><c> saw</c><00:19:23.840><c> it</c><00:19:23.919><c> before.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1164.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "definition but no one saw it before."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1165.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "definition but no one saw it before. It<00:19:25.200><c> turns</c><00:19:25.520><c> out</c><00:19:25.760><c> that</c><00:19:25.919><c> that</c><00:19:26.240><c> definition</c><00:19:26.880><c> gives</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1167.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It turns out that that definition gives"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1167.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It turns out that that definition gives you<00:19:27.480><c> a</c><00:19:27.560><c> multi</c><00:19:27.960><c> scale</c><00:19:28.400><c> logic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1169.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you a multi scale logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1169.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you a multi scale logic of<00:19:29.919><c> minimal</c><00:19:30.440><c> surprise.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1171.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of minimal surprise."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1171.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of minimal surprise. And<00:19:31.919><c> the</c><00:19:32.040><c> reason</c><00:19:32.360><c> it's</c><00:19:32.520><c> minimal</c><00:19:32.919><c> surprise</c><00:19:33.560><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1173.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And the reason it's minimal surprise is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1173.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And the reason it's minimal surprise is because<00:19:34.440><c> the</c><00:19:34.560><c> trace</c><00:19:35.520><c> is</c><00:19:36.440><c> the</c><00:19:36.640><c> zero</c><00:19:37.400><c> surprise</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1178.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because the trace is the zero surprise"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1178.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because the trace is the zero surprise view"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1179.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "view"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1179.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "view of<00:19:39.919><c> the</c><00:19:40.040><c> bigger</c><00:19:40.320><c> matrix.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1182.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the bigger matrix."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1182.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the bigger matrix. That's<00:19:42.560><c> the</c><00:19:42.679><c> key</c><00:19:42.919><c> idea.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1184.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's the key idea."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1184.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's the key idea. It<00:19:44.720><c> is</c><00:19:45.000><c> the</c><00:19:45.200><c> zero</c><00:19:46.000><c> surprise</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1187.669,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It is the zero surprise"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1187.679,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It is the zero surprise subset<00:19:48.600><c> matrix</c><00:19:49.040><c> view.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1190.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "subset matrix view."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1190.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "subset matrix view. And<00:19:51.400><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1193.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1193.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And the We'll<00:19:53.280><c> talk</c><00:19:53.480><c> about</c><00:19:53.720><c> the</c><00:19:53.800><c> stationary</c><00:19:54.240><c> measures</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1194.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We'll talk about the stationary measures"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1194.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We'll talk about the stationary measures as<00:19:54.760><c> well.</c><00:19:55.160><c> The</c><00:19:55.280><c> stationary</c><00:19:55.840><c> measure</c><00:19:56.720><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1197.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as well. The stationary measure is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1197.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as well. The stationary measure is identical<00:19:58.080><c> to</c><00:19:58.480><c> the</c><00:19:58.960><c> it</c><00:19:59.080><c> is</c><00:19:59.200><c> a</c><00:19:59.320><c> normalized</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1199.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "identical to the it is a normalized"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1199.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "identical to the it is a normalized restriction<00:20:00.880><c> of</c><00:20:01.120><c> the</c><00:20:01.280><c> original</c><00:20:01.760><c> stationary</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1202.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "restriction of the original stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1202.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "restriction of the original stationary measure."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1203.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measure."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1203.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measure. So,<00:20:03.520><c> you</c><00:20:03.640><c> have</c><00:20:03.840><c> minimal</c><00:20:04.280><c> surprise</c><00:20:04.840><c> in</c><00:20:04.960><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1205.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, you have minimal surprise in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1205.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, you have minimal surprise in the dynamics<00:20:06.080><c> in</c><00:20:06.200><c> fact</c><00:20:06.600><c> zero</c><00:20:07.080><c> surprise</c><00:20:07.600><c> in</c><00:20:07.680><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1207.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dynamics in fact zero surprise in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1207.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dynamics in fact zero surprise in the dynamics<00:20:08.840><c> and</c><00:20:09.080><c> in</c><00:20:09.200><c> this</c><00:20:09.560><c> in</c><00:20:09.800><c> in</c><00:20:10.000><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1210.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dynamics and in this in in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1210.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dynamics and in this in in the stationary<00:20:11.040><c> measure</c><00:20:11.400><c> again</c><00:20:11.960><c> zero</c><00:20:12.480><c> surprise.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1213.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stationary measure again zero surprise."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1213.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stationary measure again zero surprise. So,<00:20:13.840><c> the</c><00:20:13.960><c> trace</c><00:20:14.520><c> logic</c><00:20:15.440><c> is</c><00:20:16.720><c> the</c><00:20:16.840><c> logic</c><00:20:17.400><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1217.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the trace logic is the logic of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1217.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the trace logic is the logic of minimal<00:20:17.920><c> surprise</c><00:20:18.560><c> for</c><00:20:18.840><c> arbitrary</c><00:20:19.560><c> dynamical</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1220.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimal surprise for arbitrary dynamical"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1220.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimal surprise for arbitrary dynamical systems."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1222.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "systems."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1222.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "systems. So,<00:20:22.360><c> that's</c><00:20:22.600><c> the</c><00:20:22.720><c> power</c><00:20:23.120><c> of</c><00:20:23.200><c> this</c><00:20:23.440><c> because</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1224.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's the power of this because"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1224.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's the power of this because we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1225.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1225.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we minimizing<00:20:26.200><c> surprise</c><00:20:26.640><c> is</c><00:20:26.760><c> of</c><00:20:26.960><c> course</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1227.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimizing surprise is of course"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1228.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimizing surprise is of course key<00:20:28.400><c> to</c><00:20:28.960><c> intelligence</c><00:20:30.040><c> a</c><00:20:30.200><c> key</c><00:20:30.400><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1230.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "key to intelligence a key to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1230.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "key to intelligence a key to intelligence.<00:20:31.400><c> But</c><00:20:31.520><c> this</c><00:20:31.720><c> is</c><00:20:31.840><c> multi-scale.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1232.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "intelligence. But this is multi-scale."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1232.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "intelligence. But this is multi-scale. So,<00:20:33.120><c> this</c><00:20:33.320><c> is</c><00:20:33.480><c> the</c><00:20:33.600><c> multi-scale</c><00:20:34.320><c> logic</c><00:20:34.680><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1234.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, this is the multi-scale logic of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1234.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, this is the multi-scale logic of minimal<00:20:35.160><c> surprise.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1237.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimal surprise."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1237.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimal surprise. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1238.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1238.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, what<00:20:38.320><c> about</c><00:20:38.600><c> this</c><00:20:38.760><c> trace</c><00:20:39.000><c> logic?</c><00:20:39.760><c> The</c><00:20:39.880><c> set</c><00:20:40.160><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1240.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what about this trace logic? The set of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1240.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what about this trace logic? The set of all<00:20:40.400><c> Markov</c><00:20:40.800><c> chains</c><00:20:41.360><c> form</c><00:20:41.680><c> a</c><00:20:41.760><c> non-Boolean</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1242.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all Markov chains form a non-Boolean"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1242.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all Markov chains form a non-Boolean logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1243.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1243.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "logic under<00:20:44.000><c> the</c><00:20:44.120><c> trace</c><00:20:44.400><c> order.</c><00:20:44.640><c> It's</c><00:20:44.880><c> it's</c><00:20:45.160><c> it's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1245.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "under the trace order. It's it's it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1245.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "under the trace order. It's it's it's non-Boolean."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1247.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "non-Boolean."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1247.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "non-Boolean. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1248.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1248.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um that<00:20:48.760><c> means</c><00:20:48.960><c> that</c><00:20:49.080><c> there's</c><00:20:49.240><c> no</c><00:20:49.400><c> global</c><00:20:49.760><c> top,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1250.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that means that there's no global top,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1250.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that means that there's no global top, there's<00:20:50.560><c> no</c><00:20:50.720><c> global</c><00:20:51.040><c> negation,</c><00:20:51.720><c> there's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1252.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there's no global negation, there's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1252.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there's no global negation, there's many<00:20:53.280><c> matrices</c><00:20:53.880><c> do</c><00:20:54.000><c> not</c><00:20:54.240><c> have</c><00:20:54.440><c> meets</c><00:20:54.680><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1254.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "many matrices do not have meets and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1254.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "many matrices do not have meets and joints<00:20:55.360><c> or</c><00:20:55.640><c> hands</c><00:20:55.920><c> and</c><00:20:56.000><c> ors.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1257.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "joints or hands and ors."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1257.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "joints or hands and ors. However,<00:20:57.880><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1258.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "However, so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1259.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "However, so it<00:20:59.240><c> does</c><00:20:59.440><c> have</c><00:20:59.560><c> a</c><00:20:59.600><c> notion</c><00:20:59.840><c> of</c><00:20:59.960><c> meet,</c><00:21:00.400><c> join,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1260.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it does have a notion of meet, join,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1260.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it does have a notion of meet, join, not,<00:21:01.160><c> and</c><00:21:01.280><c> entails</c><00:21:01.960><c> generally,</c><00:21:02.680><c> but</c><00:21:03.240><c> many</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1263.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "not, and entails generally, but many"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1263.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "not, and entails generally, but many matrices<00:21:04.320><c> are</c><00:21:04.400><c> not</c><00:21:04.600><c> compatible.</c><00:21:05.440><c> So,</c><00:21:05.680><c> they</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1265.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrices are not compatible. So, they"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1265.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrices are not compatible. So, they may<00:21:06.000><c> or</c><00:21:06.120><c> may</c><00:21:06.240><c> not</c><00:21:06.480><c> have</c><00:21:06.680><c> meets</c><00:21:06.920><c> and</c><00:21:07.040><c> joints.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1267.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "may or may not have meets and joints."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1267.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "may or may not have meets and joints. So,<00:21:07.880><c> it's</c><00:21:08.000><c> a</c><00:21:08.080><c> very</c><00:21:08.360><c> very</c><00:21:08.600><c> complex</c><00:21:09.080><c> logic.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1270.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, it's a very very complex logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1270.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, it's a very very complex logic. However,<00:21:11.280><c> if</c><00:21:11.360><c> you</c><00:21:11.440><c> take</c><00:21:11.720><c> any</c><00:21:11.960><c> particular</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1272.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "However, if you take any particular"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1272.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "However, if you take any particular Markov<00:21:12.880><c> chain</c><00:21:13.160><c> P</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1274.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chain P"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1274.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chain P and<00:21:14.600><c> you</c><00:21:14.680><c> look</c><00:21:14.840><c> at</c><00:21:14.960><c> all</c><00:21:15.160><c> of</c><00:21:15.240><c> its</c><00:21:15.400><c> traces</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1276.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and you look at all of its traces"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1276.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and you look at all of its traces they<00:21:16.600><c> form</c><00:21:16.840><c> a</c><00:21:16.920><c> Boolean</c><00:21:17.320><c> sub-logic.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1278.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they form a Boolean sub-logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1278.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they form a Boolean sub-logic. So,<00:21:18.880><c> I</c><00:21:18.920><c> can</c><00:21:19.160><c> pick</c><00:21:19.600><c> any</c><00:21:20.000><c> Markov</c><00:21:20.440><c> chain</c><00:21:20.640><c> I</c><00:21:20.720><c> want</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1280.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I can pick any Markov chain I want"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1280.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I can pick any Markov chain I want to<00:21:21.080><c> anyone</c><00:21:21.400><c> at</c><00:21:21.520><c> random,</c><00:21:22.280><c> look</c><00:21:22.440><c> at</c><00:21:22.560><c> all</c><00:21:22.720><c> of</c><00:21:22.800><c> its</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1282.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to anyone at random, look at all of its"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1282.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to anyone at random, look at all of its traces<00:21:24.000><c> all</c><00:21:24.360><c> those</c><00:21:25.280><c> Markov</c><00:21:25.680><c> matrices</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1286.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "traces all those Markov matrices"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1286.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "traces all those Markov matrices together<00:21:26.960><c> form</c><00:21:27.200><c> a</c><00:21:27.280><c> Boolean</c><00:21:27.640><c> logic.</c><00:21:28.160><c> So,</c><00:21:28.360><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1288.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "together form a Boolean logic. So, the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1288.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "together form a Boolean logic. So, the notion<00:21:28.720><c> of</c><00:21:28.880><c> and</c><00:21:29.160><c> or</c><00:21:29.400><c> not</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1290.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of and or not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1290.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of and or not um<00:21:30.760><c> are</c><00:21:30.920><c> completely</c><00:21:31.680><c> well</c><00:21:31.840><c> defined.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1295.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And<00:21:35.520><c> this</c><00:21:35.680><c> Boolean</c><00:21:36.000><c> logic</c><00:21:36.400><c> has</c><00:21:36.840><c> two</c><00:21:37.000><c> to</c><00:21:37.080><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1297.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And this Boolean logic has two to the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1297.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And this Boolean logic has two to the end<00:21:37.280><c> members.</c><00:21:37.560><c> If</c><00:21:37.640><c> there's</c><00:21:37.840><c> n</c><00:21:38.600><c> experiences</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1300.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "end members. If there's n experiences"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1300.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "end members. If there's n experiences then<00:21:40.400><c> there</c><00:21:40.560><c> are</c><00:21:40.680><c> two</c><00:21:41.080><c> two</c><00:21:41.240><c> to</c><00:21:41.320><c> the</c><00:21:41.480><c> end</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1301.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then there are two two to the end"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1301.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then there are two two to the end members<00:21:42.280><c> in</c><00:21:42.360><c> this</c><00:21:42.520><c> Boolean</c><00:21:42.840><c> logic</c><00:21:43.720><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1303.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "members in this Boolean logic and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1303.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "members in this Boolean logic and traces."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1305.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "traces."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1305.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "traces. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1306.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1306.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, so<00:21:47.040><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1308.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1308.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so that's if<00:21:48.320><c> you</c><00:21:48.400><c> think</c><00:21:48.560><c> about</c><00:21:48.760><c> it</c><00:21:48.840><c> all</c><00:21:48.960><c> we've</c><00:21:49.120><c> got</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1309.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if you think about it all we've got"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1309.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if you think about it all we've got right<00:21:49.480><c> now</c><00:21:49.840><c> are</c><00:21:50.120><c> we</c><00:21:50.200><c> don't</c><00:21:50.360><c> have</c><00:21:50.520><c> agency</c><00:21:50.960><c> yet.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1311.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right now are we don't have agency yet."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1311.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right now are we don't have agency yet. Although<00:21:51.840><c> you</c><00:21:52.400><c> I</c><00:21:52.480><c> showed</c><00:21:52.760><c> you</c><00:21:52.840><c> that</c><00:21:53.040><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1313.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Although you I showed you that that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1313.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Although you I showed you that that notion<00:21:53.760><c> of</c><00:21:53.920><c> goal-directed</c><00:21:55.320><c> behavior</c><00:21:56.360><c> which</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1316.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of goal-directed behavior which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1316.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of goal-directed behavior which is<00:21:56.720><c> sort</c><00:21:57.040><c> of</c><00:21:57.160><c> like</c><00:21:57.440><c> a</c><00:21:57.760><c> a</c><00:21:57.840><c> proto</c><00:21:58.400><c> agency</c><00:21:58.840><c> kind</c><00:21:59.080><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1319.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is sort of like a a proto agency kind of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1319.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is sort of like a a proto agency kind of thing.<00:21:59.280><c> Already</c><00:22:00.080><c> these</c><00:22:00.280><c> matrices</c><00:22:00.840><c> are</c><00:22:00.960><c> going</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1321.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thing. Already these matrices are going"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1321.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thing. Already these matrices are going toward<00:22:01.560><c> their</c><00:22:01.679><c> stationary</c><00:22:02.200><c> measure</c><00:22:02.480><c> no</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1322.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "toward their stationary measure no"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1322.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "toward their stationary measure no matter<00:22:02.840><c> how</c><00:22:03.000><c> you</c><00:22:03.160><c> perturb</c><00:22:03.640><c> them.</c><00:22:04.000><c> So,</c><00:22:04.200><c> already</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1324.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matter how you perturb them. So, already"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1324.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matter how you perturb them. So, already there<00:22:04.920><c> is</c><00:22:05.080><c> this</c><00:22:05.520><c> interesting</c><00:22:06.120><c> notion</c><00:22:06.520><c> of</c><00:22:06.800><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1326.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there is this interesting notion of of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1327.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there is this interesting notion of of some<00:22:07.360><c> kind</c><00:22:07.640><c> of</c><00:22:07.760><c> agency</c><00:22:08.480><c> going</c><00:22:08.760><c> on</c><00:22:08.880><c> there.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1329.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "some kind of agency going on there."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1329.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "some kind of agency going on there. But<00:22:10.360><c> now</c><00:22:10.920><c> here's</c><00:22:11.280><c> the</c><00:22:11.400><c> key</c><00:22:11.640><c> idea.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1333.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But now here's the key idea."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1333.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But now here's the key idea. Here's<00:22:13.960><c> the</c><00:22:14.120><c> and</c><00:22:14.280><c> this</c><00:22:14.679><c> this</c><00:22:14.880><c> is</c><00:22:15.040><c> only</c><00:22:15.240><c> now</c><00:22:15.440><c> two</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1335.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Here's the and this this is only now two"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1335.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Here's the and this this is only now two months<00:22:15.880><c> old</c><00:22:16.240><c> this</c><00:22:16.440><c> idea.</c><00:22:16.679><c> And</c><00:22:16.760><c> that's</c><00:22:16.960><c> why</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1337.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "months old this idea. And that's why"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1337.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "months old this idea. And that's why this<00:22:17.640><c> when</c><00:22:17.800><c> I</c><00:22:17.840><c> had</c><00:22:18.000><c> this</c><00:22:18.160><c> idea</c><00:22:18.360><c> I</c><00:22:18.400><c> realized</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1338.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this when I had this idea I realized"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1338.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this when I had this idea I realized that<00:22:18.960><c> it</c><00:22:19.000><c> was</c><00:22:19.160><c> time</c><00:22:19.400><c> to</c><00:22:19.520><c> talk</c><00:22:19.720><c> with</c><00:22:19.840><c> you</c><00:22:19.920><c> guys.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1341.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that it was time to talk with you guys."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1341.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that it was time to talk with you guys. Once<00:22:22.040><c> we</c><00:22:22.200><c> have</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1343.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Once we have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1343.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Once we have the<00:22:23.880><c> trace</c><00:22:24.200><c> logic</c><00:22:24.480><c> I've</c><00:22:24.600><c> talked</c><00:22:24.880><c> about</c><00:22:25.200><c> is</c><00:22:25.400><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1345.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the trace logic I've talked about is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1345.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the trace logic I've talked about is a logic<00:22:26.080><c> on</c><00:22:26.280><c> observer</c><00:22:26.720><c> windows.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1348.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "logic on observer windows."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1348.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "logic on observer windows. So,<00:22:28.520><c> it's</c><00:22:28.800><c> the</c><00:22:29.080><c> the</c><00:22:29.720><c> the</c><00:22:29.800><c> space</c><00:22:30.240><c> an</c><00:22:30.360><c> infinite</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1350.669,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, it's the the the space an infinite"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1350.679,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, it's the the the space an infinite space<00:22:30.920><c> of</c><00:22:31.040><c> all</c><00:22:31.200><c> possible</c><00:22:31.600><c> observer</c><00:22:31.920><c> windows.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1352.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space of all possible observer windows."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1352.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space of all possible observer windows. There's<00:22:32.960><c> this</c><00:22:33.200><c> minimal</c><00:22:33.600><c> surprise</c><00:22:34.240><c> logic</c><00:22:34.720><c> on</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1354.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "There's this minimal surprise logic on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1354.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "There's this minimal surprise logic on all<00:22:35.080><c> of</c><00:22:35.200><c> it</c><00:22:35.400><c> the</c><00:22:35.480><c> trace</c><00:22:35.760><c> logic</c><00:22:36.440><c> cleanly</c><00:22:36.800><c> well</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1356.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all of it the trace logic cleanly well"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1356.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all of it the trace logic cleanly well defined."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1358.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "defined."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1358.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "defined. Now,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1359.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1359.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now, how<00:22:39.760><c> do</c><00:22:39.920><c> I</c><00:22:40.000><c> want</c><00:22:40.240><c> to</c><00:22:40.360><c> do</c><00:22:40.600><c> model</c><00:22:41.040><c> agency?</c><00:22:41.600><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1361.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how do I want to do model agency? And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1361.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how do I want to do model agency? And this<00:22:41.840><c> is</c><00:22:42.280><c> this</c><00:22:42.480><c> is</c><00:22:42.560><c> the</c><00:22:42.679><c> new</c><00:22:42.840><c> idea</c><00:22:43.080><c> just</c><00:22:43.280><c> in</c><00:22:43.360><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1363.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this is this is the new idea just in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1363.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this is this is the new idea just in the last<00:22:43.640><c> few</c><00:22:43.760><c> weeks.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1365.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "last few weeks."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1365.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "last few weeks. Agency<00:22:46.960><c> is</c><00:22:47.360><c> a</c><00:22:47.400><c> matter</c><00:22:47.800><c> of</c><00:22:48.040><c> changing</c><00:22:48.800><c> which</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1369.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Agency is a matter of changing which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1369.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Agency is a matter of changing which window<00:22:49.640><c> I</c><00:22:49.760><c> want</c><00:22:50.040><c> to</c><00:22:50.120><c> look</c><00:22:50.320><c> through.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1372.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "window I want to look through."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1372.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "window I want to look through. I<00:22:52.720><c> want</c><00:22:52.920><c> to</c><00:22:52.960><c> have</c><00:22:53.120><c> a</c><00:22:53.160><c> policy</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1374.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I want to have a policy"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1374.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I want to have a policy for<00:22:55.160><c> how</c><00:22:56.000><c> if</c><00:22:56.160><c> I'm</c><00:22:56.280><c> looking</c><00:22:56.520><c> at</c><00:22:56.600><c> the</c><00:22:56.679><c> world</c><00:22:57.040><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1377.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for how if I'm looking at the world this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1377.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for how if I'm looking at the world this way<00:22:57.720><c> then</c><00:22:57.880><c> how</c><00:22:58.480><c> do</c><00:22:58.640><c> I</c><00:22:58.679><c> want</c><00:22:58.880><c> to</c><00:22:58.960><c> look</c><00:22:59.080><c> at</c><00:22:59.160><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1379.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "way then how do I want to look at the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1379.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "way then how do I want to look at the world<00:22:59.640><c> next?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1380.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "world next?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1380.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "world next? And<00:23:01.160><c> how</c><00:23:01.280><c> do</c><00:23:01.440><c> I</c><00:23:01.480><c> do</c><00:23:01.679><c> that?</c><00:23:02.080><c> Well,</c><00:23:02.880><c> another</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1383.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And how do I do that? Well, another"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1383.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And how do I do that? Well, another Markov<00:23:03.600><c> chain.</c><00:23:04.280><c> The</c><00:23:04.400><c> Markov</c><00:23:05.280><c> kernel</c><00:23:05.640><c> will</c><00:23:05.760><c> say</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1386.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chain. The Markov kernel will say"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1386.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chain. The Markov kernel will say what's<00:23:06.960><c> the</c><00:23:07.040><c> probability</c><00:23:07.480><c> if</c><00:23:07.679><c> if</c><00:23:07.840><c> this</c><00:23:08.040><c> is</c><00:23:08.160><c> my</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1388.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what's the probability if if this is my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1388.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what's the probability if if this is my current<00:23:08.640><c> window</c><00:23:09.400><c> that</c><00:23:09.679><c> my</c><00:23:09.800><c> next</c><00:23:10.080><c> current</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1390.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "current window that my next current"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1390.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "current window that my next current window<00:23:10.560><c> will</c><00:23:10.679><c> be</c><00:23:10.840><c> such</c><00:23:11.080><c> and</c><00:23:11.200><c> such.</c><00:23:11.880><c> The</c><00:23:11.960><c> way</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1392.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "window will be such and such. The way"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1392.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "window will be such and such. The way you<00:23:12.240><c> write</c><00:23:12.480><c> that</c><00:23:12.640><c> down</c><00:23:13.040><c> is</c><00:23:13.640><c> again</c><00:23:13.920><c> a</c><00:23:14.000><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1394.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you write that down is again a Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1394.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you write that down is again a Markov matrix.<00:23:15.280><c> So,</c><00:23:15.520><c> what</c><00:23:15.679><c> we</c><00:23:15.840><c> have</c><00:23:16.400><c> is</c><00:23:17.440><c> a</c><00:23:17.640><c> policy</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1399.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrix. So, what we have is a policy"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1399.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrix. So, what we have is a policy is<00:23:19.760><c> a</c><00:23:19.880><c> Markov</c><00:23:20.360><c> matrix</c><00:23:20.880><c> on</c><00:23:21.080><c> the</c><00:23:21.200><c> trace</c><00:23:21.520><c> logic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1401.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is a Markov matrix on the trace logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1401.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is a Markov matrix on the trace logic itself.<00:23:22.840><c> So,</c><00:23:23.000><c> the</c><00:23:23.120><c> trace</c><00:23:23.520><c> logic</c><00:23:24.320><c> is</c><00:23:24.679><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1404.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "itself. So, the trace logic is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1404.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "itself. So, the trace logic is the entire<00:23:26.000><c> logic</c><00:23:26.520><c> of</c><00:23:26.640><c> minimal</c><00:23:27.000><c> surprise</c><00:23:27.800><c> on</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1408.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "entire logic of minimal surprise on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1408.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "entire logic of minimal surprise on possible<00:23:29.280><c> conscious</c><00:23:29.679><c> observers.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1410.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "possible conscious observers."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1410.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "possible conscious observers. That's<00:23:31.160><c> what</c><00:23:31.320><c> it</c><00:23:31.440><c> is.</c><00:23:32.040><c> And</c><00:23:32.520><c> the</c><00:23:32.640><c> first</c><00:23:33.240><c> step</c><00:23:33.520><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1413.669,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's what it is. And the first step of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1413.679,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's what it is. And the first step of agency<00:23:34.160><c> is</c><00:23:34.280><c> to</c><00:23:34.400><c> say</c><00:23:34.840><c> let's</c><00:23:35.080><c> crawl</c><00:23:36.000><c> along</c><00:23:36.679><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1416.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "agency is to say let's crawl along the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1416.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "agency is to say let's crawl along the trace<00:23:37.120><c> logic.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1418.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1418.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic. That's<00:23:39.120><c> the</c><00:23:39.280><c> first</c><00:23:40.120><c> baby</c><00:23:40.640><c> step</c><00:23:41.080><c> in</c><00:23:41.280><c> agency.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1422.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's the first baby step in agency."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1422.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's the first baby step in agency. The<00:23:42.600><c> first</c><00:23:43.080><c> ability</c><00:23:43.760><c> to</c><00:23:44.000><c> crawl</c><00:23:44.520><c> along</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1425.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The first ability to crawl along"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1425.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The first ability to crawl along the<00:23:45.960><c> trace</c><00:23:46.240><c> logic.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1427.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the trace logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1427.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the trace logic. Now,<00:23:48.520><c> if</c><00:23:48.720><c> we</c><00:23:48.840><c> look</c><00:23:49.040><c> at</c><00:23:49.160><c> the</c><00:23:49.240><c> collection</c><00:23:49.679><c> of</c><00:23:49.800><c> all</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1429.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now, if we look at the collection of all"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1430.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now, if we look at the collection of all I'll<00:23:50.240><c> call</c><00:23:50.440><c> those</c><00:23:50.880><c> Markov</c><00:23:51.320><c> kernels</c><00:23:51.800><c> policies.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1432.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'll call those Markov kernels policies."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1432.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'll call those Markov kernels policies. Each<00:23:52.800><c> Markov</c><00:23:53.200><c> kernel</c><00:23:53.520><c> is</c><00:23:53.640><c> a</c><00:23:53.720><c> policy.</c><00:23:54.200><c> It's</c><00:23:54.440><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1434.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Each Markov kernel is a policy. It's a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1434.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Each Markov kernel is a policy. It's a it's<00:23:54.920><c> a</c><00:23:55.000><c> first</c><00:23:55.400><c> order</c><00:23:55.720><c> of</c><00:23:55.880><c> agency.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1437.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's a first order of agency."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1437.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's a first order of agency. And<00:23:57.560><c> since</c><00:23:57.800><c> they're</c><00:23:57.960><c> Markov</c><00:23:59.240><c> matrices</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1441.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And since they're Markov matrices"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1441.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And since they're Markov matrices they<00:24:01.560><c> satisfy</c><00:24:02.160><c> their</c><00:24:02.400><c> own</c><00:24:02.640><c> trace</c><00:24:02.960><c> logic.</c><00:24:04.000><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1444.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they satisfy their own trace logic. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1444.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they satisfy their own trace logic. So, we<00:24:04.400><c> now</c><00:24:04.720><c> have</c><00:24:05.840><c> a</c><00:24:06.080><c> trace</c><00:24:06.840><c> we</c><00:24:06.960><c> have</c><00:24:07.080><c> the</c><00:24:07.160><c> first</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1447.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we now have a trace we have the first"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1447.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we now have a trace we have the first trace<00:24:07.640><c> logic</c><00:24:08.040><c> of</c><00:24:08.160><c> observer</c><00:24:08.520><c> windows.</c><00:24:09.720><c> Now,</c><00:24:10.320><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1450.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic of observer windows. Now, we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1450.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic of observer windows. Now, we start<00:24:10.760><c> crawling</c><00:24:11.160><c> on</c><00:24:11.280><c> that</c><00:24:11.480><c> trace</c><00:24:11.720><c> logic</c><00:24:12.040><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1452.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "start crawling on that trace logic of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1452.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "start crawling on that trace logic of observer<00:24:12.480><c> windows.</c><00:24:13.280><c> That's</c><00:24:13.679><c> our</c><00:24:13.960><c> first</c><00:24:14.440><c> layer</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1454.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer windows. That's our first layer"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1454.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer windows. That's our first layer of<00:24:15.000><c> agency.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1456.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of agency."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1456.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of agency. It<00:24:16.520><c> has</c><00:24:16.800><c> its</c><00:24:17.000><c> own</c><00:24:17.240><c> trace</c><00:24:17.520><c> logic.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1459.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It has its own trace logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1459.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It has its own trace logic. That's<00:24:19.520><c> its</c><00:24:19.720><c> own</c><00:24:20.480><c> So,</c><00:24:20.640><c> let's</c><00:24:20.760><c> one</c><00:24:20.920><c> call</c><00:24:21.080><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1461.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's its own So, let's one call this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1461.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's its own So, let's one call this recursive<00:24:22.040><c> trace</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1463.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "recursive trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1463.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "recursive trace um<00:24:23.640><c> logic.</c><00:24:24.040><c> It's</c><00:24:24.200><c> recursive</c><00:24:24.679><c> now.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1465.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um logic. It's recursive now."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1465.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um logic. It's recursive now. And<00:24:25.760><c> you</c><00:24:25.840><c> can</c><00:24:26.000><c> see</c><00:24:26.160><c> we</c><00:24:26.280><c> can</c><00:24:26.400><c> do</c><00:24:26.520><c> this</c><00:24:26.720><c> ad</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1466.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And you can see we can do this ad"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1466.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And you can see we can do this ad infinitum.<00:24:27.440><c> Once</c><00:24:27.600><c> we</c><00:24:27.720><c> have</c><00:24:28.400><c> the</c><00:24:28.760><c> trace</c><00:24:29.040><c> logic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1469.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "infinitum. Once we have the trace logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1469.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "infinitum. Once we have the trace logic of<00:24:30.080><c> policies,</c><00:24:31.040><c> I</c><00:24:31.160><c> can</c><00:24:31.320><c> now</c><00:24:31.520><c> crawl</c><00:24:31.840><c> on</c><00:24:32.000><c> it</c><00:24:32.679><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1472.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of policies, I can now crawl on it and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1472.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of policies, I can now crawl on it and get<00:24:33.000><c> meta</c><00:24:33.240><c> policies.</c><00:24:34.240><c> And</c><00:24:34.400><c> so,</c><00:24:34.640><c> I</c><00:24:34.720><c> can</c><00:24:34.880><c> take</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1475.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "get meta policies. And so, I can take"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1475.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "get meta policies. And so, I can take agency<00:24:36.080><c> to</c><00:24:36.200><c> whatever</c><00:24:36.640><c> layer</c><00:24:37.240><c> of</c><00:24:37.400><c> complexity</c><00:24:38.040><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1478.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "agency to whatever layer of complexity I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1478.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "agency to whatever layer of complexity I want.<00:24:38.760><c> We</c><00:24:38.880><c> can</c><00:24:39.000><c> start</c><00:24:39.240><c> with</c><00:24:39.360><c> the</c><00:24:39.440><c> baby</c><00:24:39.760><c> layer.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1480.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "want. We can start with the baby layer."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1480.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "want. We can start with the baby layer. We<00:24:40.600><c> can</c><00:24:40.720><c> start</c><00:24:40.920><c> with</c><00:24:41.040><c> just</c><00:24:41.240><c> the</c><00:24:41.320><c> observer</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1481.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We can start with just the observer"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1481.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We can start with just the observer windows<00:24:42.000><c> and</c><00:24:42.080><c> explore</c><00:24:42.400><c> those</c><00:24:43.040><c> then</c><00:24:43.240><c> study</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1483.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "windows and explore those then study"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1483.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "windows and explore those then study policies<00:24:44.240><c> and</c><00:24:44.360><c> then</c><00:24:44.520><c> meta</c><00:24:44.760><c> policies</c><00:24:45.600><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1485.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies and then meta policies and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1485.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies and then meta policies and build<00:24:46.160><c> up</c><00:24:46.679><c> recursively</c><00:24:47.880><c> to</c><00:24:48.040><c> ever</c><00:24:48.800><c> um</c><00:24:49.280><c> deeper</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1489.669,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "build up recursively to ever um deeper"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1489.679,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "build up recursively to ever um deeper notions<00:24:50.280><c> of</c><00:24:50.520><c> agency.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1492.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notions of agency."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1492.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notions of agency. So,<00:24:53.160><c> just</c><00:24:53.400><c> at</c><00:24:53.520><c> top</c><00:24:53.800><c> level</c><00:24:54.480><c> we</c><00:24:54.600><c> can</c><00:24:54.720><c> think</c><00:24:54.920><c> of</c><00:24:55.080><c> at</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1495.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, just at top level we can think of at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1495.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, just at top level we can think of at the<00:24:55.440><c> a</c><00:24:55.520><c> policy</c><00:24:56.040><c> is</c><00:24:56.160><c> simply</c><00:24:56.640><c> a</c><00:24:56.760><c> path</c><00:24:57.720><c> through</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1498.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the a policy is simply a path through"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1498.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the a policy is simply a path through the<00:24:58.200><c> trace</c><00:24:58.480><c> logic</c><00:24:58.920><c> of</c><00:24:59.080><c> observer</c><00:24:59.400><c> windows.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1499.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the trace logic of observer windows."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1499.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the trace logic of observer windows. That's<00:25:00.280><c> that's</c><00:25:00.440><c> the</c><00:25:00.560><c> simplest</c><00:25:01.000><c> case,</c><00:25:01.320><c> right?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1501.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's that's the simplest case, right?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1501.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's that's the simplest case, right? So,<00:25:01.960><c> I</c><00:25:02.000><c> had</c><00:25:02.360><c> I</c><00:25:02.440><c> started</c><00:25:02.840><c> off</c><00:25:03.400><c> with</c><00:25:03.679><c> a</c><00:25:04.080><c> a</c><00:25:04.160><c> three</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1505.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I had I started off with a a three"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1505.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I had I started off with a a three um<00:25:05.400><c> state</c><00:25:06.200><c> window</c><00:25:06.920><c> and</c><00:25:07.040><c> maybe</c><00:25:07.280><c> I</c><00:25:07.360><c> move</c><00:25:07.600><c> to</c><00:25:07.720><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1507.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um state window and maybe I move to a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1507.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um state window and maybe I move to a two-state<00:25:08.280><c> window</c><00:25:08.560><c> and</c><00:25:08.640><c> then</c><00:25:08.760><c> I</c><00:25:08.800><c> move</c><00:25:09.040><c> to</c><00:25:09.160><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1509.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "two-state window and then I move to a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1509.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "two-state window and then I move to a one-state<00:25:09.679><c> window</c><00:25:09.880><c> and</c><00:25:09.960><c> that</c><00:25:10.040><c> was</c><00:25:10.200><c> what</c><00:25:10.320><c> my</c><00:25:10.880><c> my</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1511.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one-state window and that was what my my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1511.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one-state window and that was what my my policy<00:25:11.520><c> was.</c><00:25:11.720><c> And</c><00:25:11.840><c> so,</c><00:25:11.960><c> I've</c><00:25:12.040><c> got</c><00:25:12.160><c> a</c><00:25:12.200><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1512.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policy was. And so, I've got a Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1512.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policy was. And so, I've got a Markov kernel<00:25:12.880><c> that</c><00:25:13.040><c> does</c><00:25:13.280><c> that.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1514.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "kernel that does that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1514.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "kernel that does that. Um<00:25:14.800><c> and</c><00:25:14.920><c> then</c><00:25:15.080><c> a</c><00:25:15.120><c> meta</c><00:25:15.400><c> policy</c><00:25:15.920><c> would</c><00:25:16.120><c> say</c><00:25:16.320><c> I've</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1516.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um and then a meta policy would say I've"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1516.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um and then a meta policy would say I've got<00:25:16.760><c> thousands</c><00:25:17.280><c> of</c><00:25:17.480><c> thousands</c><00:25:17.880><c> of</c><00:25:17.960><c> policies.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1518.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "got thousands of thousands of policies."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1518.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "got thousands of thousands of policies. I<00:25:18.920><c> now</c><00:25:19.160><c> have</c><00:25:19.320><c> the</c><00:25:19.440><c> flexibility</c><00:25:20.240><c> to</c><00:25:20.440><c> choose</c><00:25:20.800><c> my</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1520.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I now have the flexibility to choose my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1520.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I now have the flexibility to choose my policies<00:25:21.560><c> based</c><00:25:22.120><c> on</c><00:25:22.320><c> whatever</c><00:25:22.679><c> goals</c><00:25:23.040><c> I</c><00:25:23.120><c> might</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1523.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies based on whatever goals I might"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1523.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies based on whatever goals I might have."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1525.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1525.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1527.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1527.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, policies<00:25:28.080><c> can</c><00:25:28.760><c> model</c><00:25:29.160><c> attention</c><00:25:29.640><c> shifts,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1530.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies can model attention shifts,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1530.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies can model attention shifts, scale<00:25:30.720><c> shifts,</c><00:25:31.320><c> reparameterizations.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1533.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scale shifts, reparameterizations."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1533.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scale shifts, reparameterizations. It<00:25:33.360><c> can</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1534.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1534.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It can um<00:25:34.720><c> maybe</c><00:25:35.080><c> describe</c><00:25:35.520><c> a</c><00:25:35.560><c> subsystem</c><00:25:36.120><c> that</c><00:25:36.240><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1536.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um maybe describe a subsystem that I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1536.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um maybe describe a subsystem that I think<00:25:36.520><c> is</c><00:25:36.600><c> now</c><00:25:36.760><c> driving</c><00:25:37.640><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1538.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think is now driving um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1538.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think is now driving um my<00:25:38.440><c> future</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1539.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "my future"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1539.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "my future decisions<00:25:40.400><c> my</c><00:25:40.520><c> policies.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1542.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "decisions my policies."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1542.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "decisions my policies. So,<00:25:42.640><c> the</c><00:25:42.720><c> recursive</c><00:25:43.160><c> trace</c><00:25:43.480><c> logic</c><00:25:43.880><c> is</c><00:25:44.040><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1544.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the recursive trace logic is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1544.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the recursive trace logic is the collection<00:25:44.560><c> of</c><00:25:44.679><c> all</c><00:25:44.840><c> policies</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1546.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "collection of all policies"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1546.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "collection of all policies with<00:25:46.320><c> their</c><00:25:46.440><c> trace</c><00:25:46.760><c> logics</c><00:25:47.800><c> and</c><00:25:48.040><c> and</c><00:25:48.240><c> then</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1548.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with their trace logics and and then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1548.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with their trace logics and and then recurse<00:25:49.560><c> recurse</c><00:25:50.000><c> recurse</c><00:25:50.360><c> again.</c><00:25:50.720><c> So,</c><00:25:51.160><c> uh</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1551.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "recurse recurse recurse again. So, uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1551.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "recurse recurse recurse again. So, uh it's<00:25:51.520><c> a</c><00:25:51.560><c> whole</c><00:25:51.880><c> hierarchy</c><00:25:52.600><c> of</c><00:25:53.080><c> trace</c><00:25:53.360><c> logics.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1554.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's a whole hierarchy of trace logics."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1554.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's a whole hierarchy of trace logics. Each<00:25:54.880><c> trace</c><00:25:55.080><c> logic</c><00:25:55.400><c> itself</c><00:25:55.720><c> is</c><00:25:55.840><c> infinite.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1557.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Each trace logic itself is infinite."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1557.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Each trace logic itself is infinite. So,<00:25:57.600><c> we</c><00:25:57.720><c> have</c><00:25:57.840><c> a</c><00:25:57.880><c> choice</c><00:25:58.160><c> of</c><00:25:58.240><c> policy,</c><00:25:58.720><c> meta</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1558.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, we have a choice of policy, meta"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1558.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, we have a choice of policy, meta policy,<00:25:59.440><c> meta</c><00:25:59.679><c> meta</c><00:25:59.880><c> policy,</c><00:26:00.320><c> and</c><00:26:00.440><c> so</c><00:26:00.600><c> forth.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1563.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So,<00:26:03.502><c> [clears throat]</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1564.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1564.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, [clears throat] so<00:26:05.040><c> we've</c><00:26:05.160><c> talked</c><00:26:05.400><c> about</c><00:26:05.640><c> stationary</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1566.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so we've talked about stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1566.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so we've talked about stationary measures"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1568.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measures"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1568.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measures um<00:26:08.520><c> and</c><00:26:08.800><c> you</c><00:26:08.880><c> know,</c><00:26:09.080><c> they're</c><00:26:09.320><c> sort</c><00:26:09.560><c> of</c><00:26:09.640><c> a</c><00:26:09.920><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1569.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um and you know, they're sort of a a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1569.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um and you know, they're sort of a a minimal<00:26:10.480><c> kind</c><00:26:10.760><c> of</c><00:26:10.840><c> notion</c><00:26:11.160><c> of</c><00:26:11.280><c> goal-directed</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1571.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimal kind of notion of goal-directed"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1571.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimal kind of notion of goal-directed behavior."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1572.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "behavior."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1572.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "behavior. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1574.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1574.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um we<00:26:14.760><c> can</c><00:26:15.280><c> write</c><00:26:15.520><c> down</c><00:26:16.320><c> a</c><00:26:16.560><c> a</c><00:26:16.679><c> simple</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1577.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we can write down a a simple"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1577.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we can write down a a simple intelligence<00:26:17.800><c> metric</c><00:26:18.760><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1580.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "intelligence metric um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1580.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "intelligence metric um based<00:26:20.560><c> on</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1582.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "based on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1582.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "based on um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1583.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1583.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um Markov<00:26:23.600><c> chains.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1585.763,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1585.773,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains. &gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1586.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1586.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat] &gt;&gt; So,<00:26:27.200><c> it</c><00:26:27.320><c> turns</c><00:26:27.560><c> out</c><00:26:27.720><c> that</c><00:26:27.880><c> for</c><00:26:28.080><c> any</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1589.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; So, it turns out that for any"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1589.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; So, it turns out that for any probability<00:26:30.120><c> measure</c><00:26:30.600><c> pi</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1591.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probability measure pi"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1591.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probability measure pi there<00:26:32.080><c> are</c><00:26:32.240><c> many</c><00:26:32.640><c> Markov</c><00:26:33.200><c> chains</c><00:26:33.800><c> for</c><00:26:33.960><c> which</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1594.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there are many Markov chains for which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1594.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there are many Markov chains for which pi<00:26:34.679><c> is</c><00:26:34.920><c> a</c><00:26:35.000><c> stationary</c><00:26:35.520><c> measure.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1596.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pi is a stationary measure."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1596.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pi is a stationary measure. Okay?<00:26:37.080><c> So,</c><00:26:37.520><c> if</c><00:26:37.720><c> you</c><00:26:37.920><c> specify</c><00:26:38.560><c> a</c><00:26:38.840><c> a</c><00:26:38.880><c> stationary</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1599.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay? So, if you specify a a stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1599.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay? So, if you specify a a stationary measure<00:26:40.160><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1600.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measure um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1600.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measure um and<00:26:41.120><c> you</c><00:26:41.200><c> ask</c><00:26:41.440><c> what</c><00:26:41.600><c> what</c><00:26:41.760><c> is</c><00:26:41.960><c> the</c><00:26:42.120><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1602.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and you ask what what is the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1602.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and you ask what what is the Markov chain<00:26:42.840><c> that</c><00:26:42.960><c> has</c><00:26:43.160><c> a</c><00:26:43.240><c> stationary</c><00:26:43.679><c> measure?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1603.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chain that has a stationary measure?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1603.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chain that has a stationary measure? That's<00:26:44.080><c> the</c><00:26:44.160><c> wrong</c><00:26:44.320><c> question.</c><00:26:44.920><c> There's</c><00:26:45.160><c> an</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1605.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's the wrong question. There's an"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1605.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's the wrong question. There's an infinite<00:26:45.640><c> class</c><00:26:46.000><c> of</c><00:26:46.120><c> Markov</c><00:26:46.560><c> chains</c><00:26:47.160><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1607.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "infinite class of Markov chains that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1607.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "infinite class of Markov chains that will<00:26:47.440><c> have</c><00:26:47.640><c> that</c><00:26:47.840><c> stationary</c><00:26:48.360><c> measure</c><00:26:48.679><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1608.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "will have that stationary measure and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1608.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "will have that stationary measure and they<00:26:48.920><c> vary</c><00:26:49.520><c> in</c><00:26:49.880><c> very</c><00:26:50.240><c> interesting</c><00:26:50.880><c> ways.</c><00:26:51.840><c> They</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1612.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they vary in very interesting ways. They"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1612.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they vary in very interesting ways. They for<00:26:52.440><c> for</c><00:26:52.679><c> one,</c><00:26:53.440><c> they</c><00:26:53.560><c> have</c><00:26:53.840><c> different</c><00:26:54.440><c> rates</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1614.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for for one, they have different rates"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1614.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for for one, they have different rates of<00:26:55.000><c> convergence.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1616.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of convergence."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1616.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of convergence. So,<00:26:56.640><c> some</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1617.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1617.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, some some<00:26:58.120><c> will</c><00:26:58.360><c> have</c><00:26:58.720><c> this</c><00:26:58.880><c> goal-directed</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1619.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "some will have this goal-directed"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1619.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "some will have this goal-directed behavior<00:26:59.760><c> where</c><00:26:59.880><c> they're</c><00:27:00.000><c> going</c><00:27:00.640><c> almost</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1620.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "behavior where they're going almost"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1621.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "behavior where they're going almost immediately<00:27:01.720><c> to</c><00:27:01.840><c> the</c><00:27:01.920><c> goal.</c><00:27:02.679><c> No</c><00:27:02.760><c> matter</c><00:27:03.000><c> where</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1623.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "immediately to the goal. No matter where"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1623.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "immediately to the goal. No matter where you<00:27:03.320><c> start</c><00:27:03.600><c> them,</c><00:27:03.960><c> they</c><00:27:04.120><c> will</c><00:27:04.240><c> go</c><00:27:04.560><c> almost</c><00:27:05.000><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1625.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you start them, they will go almost in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1625.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you start them, they will go almost in in<00:27:05.360><c> just</c><00:27:05.560><c> a</c><00:27:05.600><c> couple</c><00:27:05.880><c> steps</c><00:27:06.280><c> to</c><00:27:06.520><c> the</c><00:27:06.640><c> goal</c><00:27:07.120><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1627.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in just a couple steps to the goal and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1627.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in just a couple steps to the goal and others<00:27:07.679><c> will</c><00:27:07.840><c> converge</c><00:27:08.440><c> very</c><00:27:08.800><c> very</c><00:27:09.080><c> slowly.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1629.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "others will converge very very slowly."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1629.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "others will converge very very slowly. So,<00:27:09.640><c> we</c><00:27:09.760><c> get</c><00:27:10.000><c> to</c><00:27:10.160><c> choose</c><00:27:11.280><c> in</c><00:27:11.480><c> in</c><00:27:11.640><c> the</c><00:27:11.720><c> trace</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1631.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, we get to choose in in the trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1632.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, we get to choose in in the trace logic<00:27:12.600><c> we</c><00:27:12.760><c> can</c><00:27:12.960><c> choose</c><00:27:14.120><c> how</c><00:27:14.440><c> quickly</c><00:27:15.360><c> we</c><00:27:15.520><c> want</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1635.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "logic we can choose how quickly we want"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1635.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "logic we can choose how quickly we want to<00:27:15.920><c> converge</c><00:27:16.640><c> to</c><00:27:16.800><c> our</c><00:27:16.960><c> goal.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1638.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to converge to our goal."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1638.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to converge to our goal. Right?<00:27:18.440><c> So,</c><00:27:18.560><c> this</c><00:27:18.720><c> is</c><00:27:18.800><c> very</c><00:27:18.960><c> going</c><00:27:19.080><c> to</c><00:27:19.160><c> be</c><00:27:19.200><c> very</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1639.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right? So, this is very going to be very"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1639.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right? So, this is very going to be very interesting<00:27:19.800><c> because</c><00:27:20.000><c> search</c><00:27:20.280><c> efficiency</c><00:27:20.760><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1640.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interesting because search efficiency is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1640.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interesting because search efficiency is of<00:27:20.960><c> course</c><00:27:21.440><c> your</c><00:27:21.720><c> measure</c><00:27:22.040><c> K</c><00:27:22.760><c> is</c><00:27:23.320><c> is</c><00:27:23.679><c> is</c><00:27:23.840><c> a</c><00:27:24.080><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1644.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of course your measure K is is is a a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1644.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of course your measure K is is is a a model<00:27:24.440><c> of</c><00:27:24.520><c> intelligence.</c><00:27:25.000><c> So,</c><00:27:25.120><c> we</c><00:27:25.280><c> have</c><00:27:25.720><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1645.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "model of intelligence. So, we have a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1645.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "model of intelligence. So, we have a dial<00:27:26.440><c> here</c><00:27:27.360><c> that</c><00:27:27.520><c> we</c><00:27:27.640><c> can</c><00:27:27.880><c> dial</c><00:27:28.720><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1648.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dial here that we can dial the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1648.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dial here that we can dial the intelligence.<00:27:29.440><c> And</c><00:27:29.560><c> it</c><00:27:29.679><c> may</c><00:27:29.840><c> be</c><00:27:30.440><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1651.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "intelligence. And it may be that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1651.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "intelligence. And it may be that you<00:27:31.560><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1652.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1652.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, you<00:27:32.600><c> might</c><00:27:32.920><c> be</c><00:27:33.000><c> have</c><00:27:33.360><c> high</c><00:27:33.600><c> intelligence</c><00:27:34.080><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1654.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you might be have high intelligence with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1654.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you might be have high intelligence with respect<00:27:34.600><c> to</c><00:27:34.679><c> a</c><00:27:34.760><c> goal,</c><00:27:35.000><c> but</c><00:27:35.120><c> there</c><00:27:35.240><c> may</c><00:27:35.360><c> be</c><00:27:35.480><c> some</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1655.669,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "respect to a goal, but there may be some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1655.679,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "respect to a goal, but there may be some sub-goals.<00:27:36.760><c> It</c><00:27:36.920><c> turns</c><00:27:37.200><c> out</c><00:27:37.400><c> that</c><00:27:37.679><c> if</c><00:27:37.880><c> you</c><00:27:38.040><c> if</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1658.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sub-goals. It turns out that if you if"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1658.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sub-goals. It turns out that if you if you<00:27:38.320><c> go</c><00:27:38.720><c> quickly</c><00:27:39.720><c> to</c><00:27:40.480><c> your</c><00:27:41.240><c> this</c><00:27:41.520><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1662.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you go quickly to your this this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1662.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you go quickly to your this this stationary<00:27:42.720><c> measure,</c><00:27:43.400><c> you</c><00:27:43.560><c> may</c><00:27:43.679><c> not</c><00:27:43.880><c> do</c><00:27:44.000><c> other</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1664.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stationary measure, you may not do other"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1664.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stationary measure, you may not do other things<00:27:44.560><c> intelligently.</c><00:27:45.160><c> So,</c><00:27:45.320><c> we're</c><00:27:45.440><c> going</c><00:27:45.560><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1665.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "things intelligently. So, we're going to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1665.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "things intelligently. So, we're going to be<00:27:45.760><c> careful</c><00:27:46.600><c> which</c><00:27:46.880><c> Markov</c><00:27:47.320><c> chain</c><00:27:47.600><c> we</c><00:27:47.760><c> choose</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1668.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be careful which Markov chain we choose"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1668.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be careful which Markov chain we choose depending<00:27:48.679><c> on</c><00:27:48.920><c> what</c><00:27:49.440><c> what</c><00:27:49.679><c> goals</c><00:27:50.120><c> we're</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1670.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "depending on what what goals we're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1670.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "depending on what what goals we're trying<00:27:50.560><c> to</c><00:27:50.720><c> get</c><00:27:51.200><c> to.</c><00:27:51.440><c> So,</c><00:27:51.560><c> there</c><00:27:51.679><c> are</c><00:27:51.720><c> many</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1672.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trying to get to. So, there are many"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1672.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trying to get to. So, there are many goals<00:27:52.840><c> that</c><00:27:53.040><c> you</c><00:27:53.120><c> can</c><00:27:53.280><c> get</c><00:27:53.480><c> and</c><00:27:53.560><c> I</c><00:27:53.600><c> want</c><00:27:53.760><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1673.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "goals that you can get and I want to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1673.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "goals that you can get and I want to talk<00:27:54.040><c> about</c><00:27:54.320><c> that</c><00:27:55.040><c> and</c><00:27:55.160><c> its</c><00:27:55.440><c> possibilities.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1676.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "talk about that and its possibilities."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1676.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "talk about that and its possibilities. So,<00:27:56.800><c> there's</c><00:27:57.000><c> differing</c><00:27:57.400><c> rates</c><00:27:57.640><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1677.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, there's differing rates of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1677.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, there's differing rates of convergence<00:27:58.679><c> and</c><00:27:59.600><c> the</c><00:27:59.720><c> convergence</c><00:28:00.320><c> rate</c><00:28:00.640><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1680.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "convergence and the convergence rate is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1680.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "convergence and the convergence rate is dominated<00:28:01.440><c> by</c><00:28:02.280><c> lambda</c><00:28:02.760><c> two</c><00:28:03.560><c> lambda</c><00:28:03.920><c> sub</c><00:28:04.080><c> two</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1684.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dominated by lambda two lambda sub two"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1684.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dominated by lambda two lambda sub two which<00:28:04.520><c> is</c><00:28:05.040><c> the</c><00:28:05.160><c> largest</c><00:28:05.679><c> eigenvalue</c><00:28:06.280><c> of</c><00:28:06.360><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1686.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which is the largest eigenvalue of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1686.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which is the largest eigenvalue of the Markov<00:28:06.880><c> matrix.</c><00:28:07.320><c> You</c><00:28:07.440><c> take</c><00:28:07.640><c> the</c><00:28:07.720><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1688.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov matrix. You take the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1688.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov matrix. You take the Markov matrix<00:28:08.480><c> and</c><00:28:08.800><c> do</c><00:28:08.960><c> its</c><00:28:09.120><c> eigenvalue</c><00:28:09.800><c> analysis.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1690.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrix and do its eigenvalue analysis."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1691.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrix and do its eigenvalue analysis. The<00:28:11.480><c> the</c><00:28:11.600><c> largest</c><00:28:12.000><c> eigenvalue</c><00:28:12.520><c> has</c><00:28:12.679><c> value</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1693.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The the largest eigenvalue has value"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1693.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The the largest eigenvalue has value eigenvalue<00:28:13.920><c> has</c><00:28:14.080><c> value</c><00:28:14.360><c> one.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1695.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "eigenvalue has value one."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1695.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "eigenvalue has value one. Um<00:28:16.080><c> the</c><00:28:16.600><c> but</c><00:28:16.920><c> then</c><00:28:17.080><c> you</c><00:28:17.200><c> find</c><00:28:17.440><c> the</c><00:28:17.560><c> largest</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1698.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um the but then you find the largest"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1698.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um the but then you find the largest eigenvalue<00:28:18.679><c> that's</c><00:28:18.920><c> less</c><00:28:19.360><c> than</c><00:28:19.560><c> one</c><00:28:20.280><c> and</c><00:28:20.440><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1700.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "eigenvalue that's less than one and that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1700.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "eigenvalue that's less than one and that gives<00:28:20.920><c> you</c><00:28:21.280><c> that</c><00:28:21.440><c> that</c><00:28:21.600><c> pretty</c><00:28:21.800><c> much</c><00:28:21.960><c> tells</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1702.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "gives you that that pretty much tells"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1702.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "gives you that that pretty much tells you<00:28:22.280><c> the</c><00:28:22.360><c> rate</c><00:28:22.679><c> of</c><00:28:22.800><c> convergence</c><00:28:23.760><c> for</c><00:28:24.600><c> um</c><00:28:24.640><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1704.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you the rate of convergence for um that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1704.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you the rate of convergence for um that particular<00:28:25.360><c> Markov</c><00:28:26.280><c> chain.</c><00:28:26.800><c> So,</c><00:28:26.960><c> there</c><00:28:27.120><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1707.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "particular Markov chain. So, there are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1707.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "particular Markov chain. So, there are Markov<00:28:27.679><c> chains</c><00:28:28.000><c> with</c><00:28:28.159><c> different</c><00:28:28.520><c> lambda</c><00:28:28.880><c> twos</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1709.669,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains with different lambda twos"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1709.679,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains with different lambda twos that<00:28:29.840><c> all</c><00:28:30.040><c> have</c><00:28:30.320><c> the</c><00:28:30.440><c> same</c><00:28:31.440><c> stationary</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1712.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that all have the same stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1712.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that all have the same stationary measure<00:28:32.400><c> and</c><00:28:32.480><c> so</c><00:28:32.600><c> they</c><00:28:32.760><c> converge</c><00:28:33.360><c> to</c><00:28:33.520><c> it</c><00:28:34.040><c> at</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1714.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measure and so they converge to it at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1714.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measure and so they converge to it at different<00:28:34.560><c> rates.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1715.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different rates."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1715.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different rates. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1716.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1716.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um so,<00:28:36.880><c> there</c><00:28:37.080><c> is</c><00:28:37.200><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1718.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so, there is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1718.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so, there is a then<00:28:38.400><c> a</c><00:28:38.520><c> connection</c><00:28:38.960><c> between</c><00:28:39.600><c> this</c><00:28:40.080><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1721.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then a connection between this Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1721.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then a connection between this Markov notion<00:28:41.600><c> of</c><00:28:42.240><c> intelligence</c><00:28:42.840><c> which</c><00:28:43.000><c> is</c><00:28:43.120><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1723.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of intelligence which is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1723.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of intelligence which is the lambda<00:28:43.520><c> two</c><00:28:43.679><c> convergence</c><00:28:44.240><c> and</c><00:28:44.520><c> and</c><00:28:44.720><c> your</c><00:28:45.440><c> your</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1725.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "lambda two convergence and and your your"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1725.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "lambda two convergence and and your your your<00:28:46.080><c> metric</c><00:28:46.520><c> which</c><00:28:46.760><c> is</c><00:28:46.880><c> K.</c><00:28:47.600><c> And</c><00:28:47.919><c> the</c><00:28:48.159><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1728.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "your metric which is K. And the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1728.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "your metric which is K. And the the relationship<00:28:48.600><c> is</c><00:28:48.679><c> just</c><00:28:48.880><c> a</c><00:28:48.960><c> simple</c><00:28:49.560><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1729.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relationship is just a simple um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1730.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relationship is just a simple um equation."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1732.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "equation."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1732.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "equation. where"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1733.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "where"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1733.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "where T<00:28:53.800><c> sub</c><00:28:54.080><c> M</c><00:28:54.560><c> would</c><00:28:54.720><c> be</c><00:28:55.400><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1736.669,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "T sub M would be um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1736.679,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "T sub M would be um your<00:28:57.480><c> would</c><00:28:57.679><c> be</c><00:28:57.840><c> our</c><00:28:58.000><c> lambda</c><00:28:58.400><c> essentially</c><00:28:58.960><c> our</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1739.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "your would be our lambda essentially our"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1739.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "your would be our lambda essentially our lambda<00:28:59.440><c> two</c><00:28:59.679><c> the</c><00:28:59.800><c> rate</c><00:28:59.960><c> of</c><00:29:00.040><c> convergence.</c><00:29:00.800><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1740.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "lambda two the rate of convergence. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1741.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "lambda two the rate of convergence. And T<00:29:01.200><c> blind</c><00:29:01.679><c> would</c><00:29:01.800><c> be</c><00:29:02.040><c> say,</c><00:29:02.400><c> you</c><00:29:02.520><c> know,</c><00:29:02.760><c> just</c><00:29:03.040><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1743.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "T blind would be say, you know, just a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1743.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "T blind would be say, you know, just a random<00:29:03.520><c> walk</c><00:29:04.360><c> that</c><00:29:04.520><c> does</c><00:29:04.720><c> not</c><00:29:05.159><c> that's</c><00:29:05.320><c> not</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1745.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "random walk that does not that's not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1745.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "random walk that does not that's not smart."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1746.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "smart."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1746.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "smart. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1747.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1747.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Right.<00:29:07.960><c> So,</c><00:29:08.480><c> so</c><00:29:08.600><c> there</c><00:29:08.720><c> is</c><00:29:08.840><c> a</c><00:29:08.880><c> deep</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1749.149,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. So, so there is a deep"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1749.159,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. So, so there is a deep connection."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1750.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "connection."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1750.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "connection. But<00:29:11.000><c> now</c><00:29:11.320><c> here</c><00:29:11.560><c> here's</c><00:29:11.840><c> a</c><00:29:12.320><c> a</c><00:29:12.360><c> little</c><00:29:12.720><c> tricks.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1755.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We<00:29:15.720><c> we</c><00:29:15.919><c> want</c><00:29:16.200><c> to</c><00:29:16.320><c> have</c><00:29:17.159><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1758.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We we want to have um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1758.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We we want to have um what<00:29:19.200><c> as</c><00:29:19.320><c> you</c><00:29:19.400><c> guys</c><00:29:19.600><c> talk</c><00:29:19.760><c> about</c><00:29:19.919><c> you</c><00:29:20.000><c> talk</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1760.149,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what as you guys talk about you talk"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1760.159,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what as you guys talk about you talk about<00:29:20.760><c> different</c><00:29:21.159><c> layers.</c><00:29:21.600><c> It's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1761.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about different layers. It's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1761.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about different layers. It's hierarchical<00:29:22.440><c> and</c><00:29:22.600><c> higher</c><00:29:22.880><c> layers</c><00:29:23.320><c> can</c><00:29:23.560><c> bend</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1764.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hierarchical and higher layers can bend"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1764.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hierarchical and higher layers can bend the<00:29:25.080><c> the</c><00:29:25.840><c> the</c><00:29:25.960><c> geometry</c><00:29:26.679><c> of</c><00:29:26.960><c> the</c><00:29:27.280><c> problem</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1767.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the the geometry of the problem"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1767.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the the geometry of the problem space<00:29:27.960><c> for</c><00:29:28.120><c> lower</c><00:29:28.440><c> layers.</c><00:29:29.320><c> And</c><00:29:29.679><c> so,</c><00:29:30.360><c> how</c><00:29:30.520><c> do</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1770.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space for lower layers. And so, how do"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1770.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space for lower layers. And so, how do you<00:29:30.720><c> model</c><00:29:31.280><c> model</c><00:29:31.640><c> that</c><00:29:32.080><c> with</c><00:29:32.240><c> Markov</c><00:29:32.679><c> chains?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1773.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you model model that with Markov chains?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1773.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you model model that with Markov chains? Well,<00:29:33.800><c> it</c><00:29:34.000><c> turns</c><00:29:34.360><c> out</c><00:29:35.080><c> um</c><00:29:35.280><c> there</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1776.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, it turns out um there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1776.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, it turns out um there you<00:29:36.400><c> can</c><00:29:36.520><c> have</c><00:29:37.120><c> lots</c><00:29:37.400><c> of</c><00:29:37.480><c> different</c><00:29:37.760><c> so-called</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1778.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you can have lots of different so-called"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1778.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you can have lots of different so-called community<00:29:38.880><c> structures.</c><00:29:39.880><c> So,</c><00:29:40.320><c> again</c><00:29:40.760><c> for</c><00:29:41.000><c> any</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1782.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "community structures. So, again for any"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1782.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "community structures. So, again for any stationary<00:29:42.800><c> measure</c><00:29:43.159><c> pi</c><00:29:43.640><c> there</c><00:29:43.800><c> are</c><00:29:43.840><c> an</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1783.909,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stationary measure pi there are an"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1783.919,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stationary measure pi there are an infinite<00:29:44.120><c> number</c><00:29:44.320><c> of</c><00:29:44.400><c> Markov</c><00:29:44.720><c> chains</c><00:29:44.919><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1785.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "infinite number of Markov chains that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1785.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "infinite number of Markov chains that have<00:29:45.600><c> pi</c><00:29:46.159><c> stationary,</c><00:29:46.960><c> but</c><00:29:47.240><c> that</c><00:29:47.400><c> have</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1787.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have pi stationary, but that have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1787.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have pi stationary, but that have differing<00:29:48.760><c> community</c><00:29:49.320><c> structures.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1790.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "differing community structures."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1790.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "differing community structures. So<00:29:50.680><c> now</c><00:29:50.880><c> community</c><00:29:51.320><c> structure</c><00:29:51.800><c> is</c><00:29:52.320><c> roughly</c><00:29:53.080><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1793.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So now community structure is roughly is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1793.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So now community structure is roughly is like<00:29:53.560><c> is</c><00:29:53.720><c> like</c><00:29:54.160><c> you</c><00:29:54.280><c> probably</c><00:29:54.520><c> know</c><00:29:54.800><c> but</c><00:29:55.240><c> about</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1795.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like is like you probably know but about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1795.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like is like you probably know but about it,<00:29:55.520><c> but</c><00:29:55.640><c> I'll</c><00:29:55.760><c> just</c><00:29:55.920><c> say</c><00:29:56.040><c> briefly.</c><00:29:57.000><c> You</c><00:29:57.120><c> could</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1797.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it, but I'll just say briefly. You could"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1797.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it, but I'll just say briefly. You could have<00:29:57.680><c> you</c><00:29:57.760><c> know</c><00:29:57.840><c> thousands</c><00:29:58.320><c> of</c><00:29:58.400><c> thousands</c><00:29:58.760><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1798.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have you know thousands of thousands of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1798.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have you know thousands of thousands of states<00:29:59.160><c> in</c><00:29:59.240><c> this</c><00:29:59.360><c> Markov</c><00:29:59.720><c> chain,</c><00:30:00.200><c> maybe</c><00:30:00.680><c> a</c><00:30:00.800><c> few</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1801.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "states in this Markov chain, maybe a few"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1801.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "states in this Markov chain, maybe a few hundred<00:30:01.440><c> are</c><00:30:01.560><c> tightly</c><00:30:02.000><c> connected</c><00:30:02.440><c> over</c><00:30:02.600><c> here,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1803.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hundred are tightly connected over here,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1803.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hundred are tightly connected over here, a<00:30:03.160><c> few</c><00:30:03.400><c> hundred</c><00:30:03.720><c> are</c><00:30:03.800><c> tightly</c><00:30:04.120><c> connected</c><00:30:04.520><c> over</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1804.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a few hundred are tightly connected over"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1804.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a few hundred are tightly connected over there.<00:30:05.040><c> There's</c><00:30:05.240><c> just</c><00:30:05.480><c> a</c><00:30:05.560><c> few</c><00:30:06.000><c> cross</c><00:30:06.400><c> links.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1807.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there. There's just a few cross links."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1807.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there. There's just a few cross links. So<00:30:07.160><c> the</c><00:30:07.240><c> whole</c><00:30:07.480><c> thing</c><00:30:07.720><c> is</c><00:30:08.200><c> ergodic,</c><00:30:09.120><c> but</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1809.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So the whole thing is ergodic, but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1809.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So the whole thing is ergodic, but basically<00:30:09.840><c> you</c><00:30:10.120><c> you</c><00:30:10.240><c> might</c><00:30:10.440><c> have</c><00:30:10.680><c> like</c><00:30:11.120><c> 10</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1811.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "basically you you might have like 10"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1811.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "basically you you might have like 10 communities<00:30:12.520><c> that</c><00:30:12.680><c> are</c><00:30:12.800><c> tightly</c><00:30:13.240><c> knit.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1814.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "communities that are tightly knit."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1814.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "communities that are tightly knit. Now<00:30:14.640><c> within</c><00:30:15.280><c> each</c><00:30:15.680><c> of</c><00:30:15.800><c> those</c><00:30:16.040><c> communities,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1816.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now within each of those communities,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1816.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now within each of those communities, maybe<00:30:17.080><c> my</c><00:30:17.360><c> hundred</c><00:30:18.440><c> state</c><00:30:18.840><c> community,</c><00:30:19.960><c> if</c><00:30:20.120><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1820.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "maybe my hundred state community, if I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1820.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "maybe my hundred state community, if I look<00:30:20.400><c> at</c><00:30:20.480><c> it</c><00:30:20.520><c> more</c><00:30:20.680><c> closely,</c><00:30:21.400><c> it</c><00:30:21.600><c> itself</c><00:30:22.120><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1822.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "look at it more closely, it itself is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1822.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "look at it more closely, it itself is composed<00:30:23.040><c> of</c><00:30:23.520><c> maybe</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1824.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "composed of maybe"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1824.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "composed of maybe um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1825.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1825.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um three<00:30:26.040><c> new</c><00:30:26.960><c> sub</c><00:30:27.360><c> communities.</c><00:30:28.320><c> In</c><00:30:28.480><c> other</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1828.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "three new sub communities. In other"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1828.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "three new sub communities. In other words,<00:30:28.960><c> you</c><00:30:29.040><c> can</c><00:30:29.160><c> have</c><00:30:29.480><c> an</c><00:30:29.600><c> infinite</c><00:30:30.000><c> number</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1830.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "words, you can have an infinite number"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1830.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "words, you can have an infinite number of<00:30:31.160><c> communities,</c><00:30:31.800><c> sub</c><00:30:32.040><c> communities,</c><00:30:32.400><c> sub</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1832.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of communities, sub communities, sub"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1832.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of communities, sub communities, sub communities<00:30:33.280><c> all</c><00:30:33.480><c> the</c><00:30:33.560><c> way</c><00:30:33.680><c> down</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1834.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "communities all the way down"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1834.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "communities all the way down as<00:30:35.160><c> far</c><00:30:35.360><c> as</c><00:30:35.480><c> you</c><00:30:35.560><c> want.</c><00:30:36.520><c> Um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1837.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as far as you want. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1837.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as far as you want. Um and<00:30:37.440><c> all</c><00:30:37.640><c> having</c><00:30:37.920><c> the</c><00:30:38.040><c> same</c><00:30:38.680><c> stationary</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1839.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and all having the same stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1839.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and all having the same stationary measure.<00:30:39.560><c> So</c><00:30:39.800><c> what</c><00:30:39.960><c> this</c><00:30:40.160><c> gives</c><00:30:40.560><c> us</c><00:30:41.120><c> is</c><00:30:41.480><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1841.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measure. So what this gives us is you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1841.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measure. So what this gives us is you might<00:30:41.800><c> have</c><00:30:42.000><c> one</c><00:30:42.280><c> big</c><00:30:42.520><c> goal,</c><00:30:42.840><c> reach</c><00:30:43.040><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1843.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "might have one big goal, reach the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1843.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "might have one big goal, reach the stationary<00:30:44.240><c> measure,</c><00:30:44.520><c> but</c><00:30:44.720><c> you</c><00:30:44.800><c> could</c><00:30:44.920><c> have</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1845.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stationary measure, but you could have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1845.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stationary measure, but you could have subgoals,<00:30:46.080><c> which</c><00:30:46.360><c> community.</c><00:30:47.200><c> The</c><00:30:47.320><c> way</c><00:30:47.520><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1847.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "subgoals, which community. The way you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1847.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "subgoals, which community. The way you get<00:30:48.080><c> there</c><00:30:48.840><c> is</c><00:30:49.200><c> the</c><00:30:49.320><c> different</c><00:30:49.600><c> communities</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1850.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "get there is the different communities"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1850.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "get there is the different communities that<00:30:50.240><c> you</c><00:30:50.360><c> might</c><00:30:51.200><c> emphasize</c><00:30:51.720><c> as</c><00:30:51.840><c> you</c><00:30:51.960><c> go</c><00:30:52.120><c> down.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1852.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that you might emphasize as you go down."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1852.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that you might emphasize as you go down. So<00:30:52.800><c> it</c><00:30:52.920><c> gives</c><00:30:53.160><c> you</c><00:30:53.240><c> this</c><00:30:53.440><c> multi-scale</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1854.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So it gives you this multi-scale"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1854.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So it gives you this multi-scale flexibility."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1856.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "flexibility."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1856.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "flexibility. And<00:30:56.480><c> and</c><00:30:56.600><c> the</c><00:30:56.680><c> community</c><00:30:57.040><c> structure</c><00:30:57.440><c> turns</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1857.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And and the community structure turns"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1857.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And and the community structure turns out<00:30:57.800><c> mathematically</c><00:30:58.440><c> is</c><00:30:58.600><c> dictated</c><00:30:59.120><c> by</c><00:30:59.680><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1859.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "out mathematically is dictated by the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1859.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "out mathematically is dictated by the eigenvectors<00:31:01.360><c> when</c><00:31:01.480><c> you</c><00:31:01.560><c> do</c><00:31:01.760><c> the</c><00:31:02.200><c> you</c><00:31:02.240><c> know</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1862.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "eigenvectors when you do the you know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1862.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "eigenvectors when you do the you know analysis<00:31:02.880><c> of</c><00:31:03.000><c> the</c><00:31:03.120><c> matrix</c><00:31:03.520><c> again.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1864.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "analysis of the matrix again."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1864.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "analysis of the matrix again. The<00:31:04.880><c> eigenvectors</c><00:31:05.400><c> with</c><00:31:05.560><c> eigenvalues</c><00:31:06.000><c> close</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1866.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The eigenvectors with eigenvalues close"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1866.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The eigenvectors with eigenvalues close to<00:31:06.360><c> one</c><00:31:07.040><c> because</c><00:31:07.280><c> they</c><00:31:07.800><c> involve</c><00:31:08.320><c> slow</c><00:31:08.680><c> mixing</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1869.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to one because they involve slow mixing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1869.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to one because they involve slow mixing between<00:31:09.560><c> communities.</c><00:31:10.040><c> So</c><00:31:10.160><c> the</c><00:31:10.280><c> communities</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1870.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "between communities. So the communities"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1870.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "between communities. So the communities themselves"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1872.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "themselves"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1872.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "themselves mix<00:31:12.440><c> inside</c><00:31:12.920><c> themselves,</c><00:31:13.600><c> but</c><00:31:13.720><c> they</c><00:31:13.800><c> don't</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1873.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mix inside themselves, but they don't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1874.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mix inside themselves, but they don't mix<00:31:14.200><c> between</c><00:31:14.560><c> the</c><00:31:14.640><c> communities</c><00:31:15.160><c> very</c><00:31:15.400><c> much.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1877.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mix between the communities very much."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1877.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mix between the communities very much. So"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1881.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we<00:31:21.560><c> have</c><00:31:22.400><c> state</c><00:31:22.800><c> we</c><00:31:22.920><c> can</c><00:31:23.000><c> have</c><00:31:23.160><c> policies</c><00:31:23.640><c> then</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1884.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we have state we can have policies then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1884.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we have state we can have policies then that<00:31:24.960><c> are</c><00:31:25.120><c> trying</c><00:31:25.480><c> to</c><00:31:25.960><c> you</c><00:31:26.040><c> know</c><00:31:26.720><c> focus</c><00:31:27.040><c> on</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1887.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that are trying to you know focus on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1887.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that are trying to you know focus on stationary<00:31:27.880><c> measures,</c><00:31:28.320><c> community</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1888.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stationary measures, community"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1888.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stationary measures, community structures,<00:31:29.320><c> convergence</c><00:31:29.880><c> rates,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1890.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "structures, convergence rates,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1890.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "structures, convergence rates, uh<00:31:30.960><c> particular</c><00:31:31.400><c> dynamical</c><00:31:31.920><c> models,</c><00:31:32.360><c> and</c><00:31:32.600><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1892.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh particular dynamical models, and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1892.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh particular dynamical models, and and so<00:31:32.960><c> forth.</c><00:31:33.800><c> Um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1895.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so forth. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1895.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so forth. Um So<00:31:35.560><c> policies</c><00:31:36.080><c> can</c><00:31:36.320><c> be</c><00:31:36.440><c> looking</c><00:31:36.720><c> at</c><00:31:36.840><c> all</c><00:31:37.040><c> these</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1897.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So policies can be looking at all these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1897.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So policies can be looking at all these things<00:31:38.280><c> and</c><00:31:38.600><c> and</c><00:31:38.760><c> trying</c><00:31:39.000><c> to</c><00:31:39.080><c> optimize.</c><00:31:39.680><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1899.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "things and and trying to optimize. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1899.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "things and and trying to optimize. And then<00:31:39.920><c> the</c><00:31:40.000><c> meta</c><00:31:40.280><c> policies</c><00:31:40.880><c> can</c><00:31:41.120><c> explore</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1901.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then the meta policies can explore"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1901.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then the meta policies can explore different<00:31:41.840><c> policies.</c><00:31:42.440><c> We</c><00:31:42.520><c> can</c><00:31:42.640><c> have</c><00:31:42.800><c> meta</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1903.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different policies. We can have meta"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1903.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different policies. We can have meta policies<00:31:43.600><c> and</c><00:31:43.720><c> meta</c><00:31:43.880><c> meta</c><00:31:44.600><c> policies</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1905.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies and meta meta policies"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1905.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies and meta meta policies exploring<00:31:45.600><c> at</c><00:31:45.680><c> different</c><00:31:45.960><c> rates.</c><00:31:46.520><c> Um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1907.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "exploring at different rates. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1907.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "exploring at different rates. Um So<00:31:47.880><c> this</c><00:31:48.040><c> starts</c><00:31:48.320><c> to</c><00:31:48.440><c> give</c><00:31:48.600><c> us</c><00:31:48.720><c> a</c><00:31:48.760><c> recursive</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1909.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So this starts to give us a recursive"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1909.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So this starts to give us a recursive notion<00:31:50.080><c> of</c><00:31:50.240><c> agency.</c><00:31:51.000><c> And</c><00:31:51.200><c> in</c><00:31:51.400><c> some</c><00:31:51.600><c> sense,</c><00:31:52.040><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1912.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of agency. And in some sense, the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1912.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of agency. And in some sense, the reason<00:31:52.360><c> I'm</c><00:31:52.440><c> bringing</c><00:31:52.680><c> this</c><00:31:52.880><c> up</c><00:31:53.000><c> is</c><00:31:53.320><c> here</c><00:31:53.600><c> is</c><00:31:53.960><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1914.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "reason I'm bringing this up is here is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1914.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "reason I'm bringing this up is here is a framework<00:31:55.200><c> of</c><00:31:55.360><c> mathematical</c><00:31:56.080><c> tools</c><00:31:57.360><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1917.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "framework of mathematical tools that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1917.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "framework of mathematical tools that give<00:31:57.800><c> that</c><00:31:58.000><c> that's</c><00:31:58.240><c> incredibly</c><00:31:58.920><c> simple.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1919.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "give that that's incredibly simple."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1919.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "give that that's incredibly simple. There's<00:31:59.880><c> one</c><00:32:00.120><c> definition,</c><00:32:01.160><c> the</c><00:32:01.280><c> trace.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1923.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "There's one definition, the trace."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1923.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "There's one definition, the trace. That's<00:32:03.320><c> the</c><00:32:03.440><c> only</c><00:32:03.600><c> mathematics</c><00:32:04.240><c> there.</c><00:32:04.800><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1924.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's the only mathematics there. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1924.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's the only mathematics there. And then<00:32:05.800><c> there's</c><00:32:06.040><c> one</c><00:32:06.400><c> observation,</c><00:32:07.320><c> the</c><00:32:07.440><c> trace</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1927.669,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then there's one observation, the trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1927.679,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then there's one observation, the trace logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1929.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1929.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "logic. And<00:32:09.200><c> then</c><00:32:09.800><c> the</c><00:32:09.960><c> third</c><00:32:10.240><c> observation</c><00:32:10.800><c> is</c><00:32:11.280><c> it's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1931.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And then the third observation is it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1931.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And then the third observation is it's recursive.<00:32:12.240><c> That's</c><00:32:12.480><c> it.</c><00:32:13.080><c> And</c><00:32:13.200><c> then</c><00:32:13.440><c> all</c><00:32:13.679><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1933.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "recursive. That's it. And then all the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1933.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "recursive. That's it. And then all the tool<00:32:14.280><c> that's</c><00:32:14.560><c> it</c><00:32:14.800><c> and</c><00:32:15.240><c> all</c><00:32:15.480><c> the</c><00:32:15.640><c> tools</c><00:32:16.040><c> are</c><00:32:16.200><c> at</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1936.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "tool that's it and all the tools are at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1936.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "tool that's it and all the tools are at your<00:32:16.720><c> disposal.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1938.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "your disposal."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1938.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "your disposal. So<00:32:18.400><c> meta</c><00:32:18.640><c> policies</c><00:32:19.520><c> can</c><00:32:19.720><c> explore</c><00:32:20.080><c> different</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1940.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So meta policies can explore different"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1940.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So meta policies can explore different policies.<00:32:21.280><c> And</c><00:32:21.720><c> the</c><00:32:21.840><c> deeper</c><00:32:22.160><c> the</c><00:32:22.280><c> recursion</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1942.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies. And the deeper the recursion"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1942.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies. And the deeper the recursion that<00:32:22.960><c> we</c><00:32:23.080><c> go</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1944.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that we go"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1944.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that we go in<00:32:24.440><c> terms</c><00:32:24.720><c> of</c><00:32:24.840><c> making</c><00:32:25.240><c> deeper</c><00:32:25.600><c> and</c><00:32:25.679><c> deeper</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1945.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in terms of making deeper and deeper"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1945.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in terms of making deeper and deeper trace<00:32:26.440><c> logics,</c><00:32:27.360><c> we</c><00:32:27.480><c> get</c><00:32:27.800><c> deeper</c><00:32:28.120><c> and</c><00:32:28.200><c> deeper</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1948.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logics, we get deeper and deeper"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1948.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logics, we get deeper and deeper notions<00:32:28.880><c> of</c><00:32:29.000><c> agency.</c><00:32:29.480><c> So</c><00:32:29.679><c> we</c><00:32:29.800><c> can</c><00:32:29.960><c> actually</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1950.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notions of agency. So we can actually"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1950.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notions of agency. So we can actually explore<00:32:31.040><c> just</c><00:32:31.320><c> policies</c><00:32:32.360><c> for</c><00:32:32.520><c> our</c><00:32:32.640><c> simplest</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1953.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "explore just policies for our simplest"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1953.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "explore just policies for our simplest notion<00:32:33.440><c> of</c><00:32:33.560><c> agency</c><00:32:34.400><c> and</c><00:32:34.600><c> then</c><00:32:34.840><c> go</c><00:32:35.040><c> to</c><00:32:35.200><c> meta</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1955.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of agency and then go to meta"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1955.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of agency and then go to meta policies"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1957.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1957.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies to<00:32:37.480><c> discover</c><00:32:38.160><c> you</c><00:32:38.240><c> know</c><00:32:38.360><c> deeper</c><00:32:38.800><c> notions</c><00:32:39.200><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1959.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to discover you know deeper notions of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1959.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to discover you know deeper notions of agency<00:32:39.760><c> and</c><00:32:39.960><c> so</c><00:32:40.120><c> forth.</c><00:32:40.760><c> So</c><00:32:41.280><c> we</c><00:32:41.400><c> can</c><00:32:41.520><c> take</c><00:32:41.720><c> it</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1961.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "agency and so forth. So we can take it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1961.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "agency and so forth. So we can take it one<00:32:42.200><c> step</c><00:32:42.480><c> at</c><00:32:42.560><c> a</c><00:32:42.600><c> baby</c><00:32:42.840><c> step</c><00:32:43.120><c> at</c><00:32:43.200><c> a</c><00:32:43.280><c> time.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1965.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one step at a baby step at a time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1965.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one step at a baby step at a time. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1966.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1966.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um Now<00:32:46.880><c> in</c><00:32:47.000><c> terms</c><00:32:47.280><c> of</c><00:32:47.440><c> how</c><00:32:47.560><c> does</c><00:32:47.720><c> this</c><00:32:47.840><c> relate</c><00:32:48.160><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1968.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now in terms of how does this relate to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1968.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now in terms of how does this relate to notions<00:32:48.720><c> of</c><00:32:48.840><c> Markov</c><00:32:49.280><c> blankets</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1970.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notions of Markov blankets"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1970.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notions of Markov blankets and<00:32:51.200><c> the</c><00:32:51.280><c> self</c><00:32:51.760><c> versus</c><00:32:52.120><c> the</c><00:32:52.240><c> world?</c><00:32:53.280><c> Um</c><00:32:53.720><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1974.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and the self versus the world? Um Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1974.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and the self versus the world? Um Markov blankets<00:32:54.192><c> [clears throat]</c><00:32:54.400><c> as</c><00:32:54.520><c> you</c><00:32:54.600><c> will</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1974.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "blankets [clears throat] as you will"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1974.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "blankets [clears throat] as you will know<00:32:55.040><c> are</c><00:32:55.360><c> are</c><00:32:56.120><c> strictly</c><00:32:56.760><c> speaking</c><00:32:57.160><c> defined</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1977.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know are are strictly speaking defined"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1977.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know are are strictly speaking defined for<00:32:57.720><c> directed</c><00:32:58.120><c> acyclic</c><00:32:58.600><c> graphs.</c><00:32:59.679><c> And</c><00:32:59.840><c> there</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1980.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for directed acyclic graphs. And there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1980.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for directed acyclic graphs. And there you<00:33:00.200><c> know</c><00:33:00.320><c> they</c><00:33:00.720><c> they</c><00:33:01.240><c> define</c><00:33:01.640><c> a</c><00:33:01.679><c> boundary</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1982.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know they they define a boundary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1982.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know they they define a boundary between<00:33:02.360><c> self</c><00:33:02.679><c> and</c><00:33:02.760><c> the</c><00:33:02.840><c> world.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1984.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "between self and the world."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1984.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "between self and the world. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1985.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1985.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1988.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1988.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And I<00:33:08.360><c> want</c><00:33:08.560><c> to</c><00:33:08.640><c> upgrade</c><00:33:09.000><c> these</c><00:33:09.200><c> notions</c><00:33:09.760><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1989.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I want to upgrade these notions to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1989.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I want to upgrade these notions to Markov<00:33:10.360><c> chains.</c><00:33:11.080><c> Right?</c><00:33:11.320><c> So</c><00:33:11.560><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1992.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains. Right? So and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1992.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains. Right? So and the<00:33:12.679><c> idea</c><00:33:12.960><c> of</c><00:33:13.040><c> the</c><00:33:13.120><c> upgrade</c><00:33:13.560><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1994.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the idea of the upgrade is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1994.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the idea of the upgrade is um<00:33:15.480><c> Markov</c><00:33:15.880><c> chains</c><00:33:16.200><c> are</c><00:33:16.320><c> graphs,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1997.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um Markov chains are graphs,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1997.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um Markov chains are graphs, but<00:33:18.040><c> they're</c><00:33:18.160><c> not</c><00:33:18.360><c> acyclic.</c><00:33:18.880><c> They</c><00:33:19.200><c> they</c><00:33:19.440><c> allow</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1999.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but they're not acyclic. They they allow"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1999.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but they're not acyclic. They they allow cycles.<00:33:20.360><c> So</c><00:33:20.760><c> this</c><00:33:21.000><c> is</c><00:33:21.120><c> one</c><00:33:21.320><c> upgrade.</c><00:33:21.720><c> We</c><00:33:22.040><c> we're</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2002.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "cycles. So this is one upgrade. We we're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2002.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "cycles. So this is one upgrade. We we're upgrading<00:33:23.000><c> from</c><00:33:23.320><c> acyclic</c><00:33:23.840><c> graphs</c><00:33:24.200><c> to</c><00:33:24.400><c> cyclic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2004.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "upgrading from acyclic graphs to cyclic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2004.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "upgrading from acyclic graphs to cyclic graphs.<00:33:25.720><c> And</c><00:33:25.920><c> then</c><00:33:26.080><c> we're</c><00:33:26.200><c> upgrading</c><00:33:26.679><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2007.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "graphs. And then we're upgrading to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2007.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "graphs. And then we're upgrading to labeled<00:33:28.080><c> cyclic</c><00:33:28.520><c> graphs,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2009.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "labeled cyclic graphs,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2009.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "labeled cyclic graphs, namely<00:33:30.240><c> labeled</c><00:33:30.800><c> by</c><00:33:30.960><c> the</c><00:33:31.080><c> transition</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2011.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "namely labeled by the transition"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2011.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "namely labeled by the transition probabilities.<00:33:32.360><c> So</c><00:33:32.520><c> that's</c><00:33:32.800><c> that's</c><00:33:33.040><c> what</c><00:33:33.120><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2013.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probabilities. So that's that's what I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2013.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probabilities. So that's that's what I mean<00:33:33.360><c> by</c><00:33:33.520><c> upgrade.</c><00:33:34.400><c> And</c><00:33:34.480><c> we're</c><00:33:34.600><c> going</c><00:33:34.840><c> beyond</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2015.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mean by upgrade. And we're going beyond"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2015.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mean by upgrade. And we're going beyond directed<00:33:35.480><c> acyclic</c><00:33:35.920><c> graphs</c><00:33:36.200><c> to</c><00:33:36.320><c> something</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2016.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "directed acyclic graphs to something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2016.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "directed acyclic graphs to something that's<00:33:36.960><c> that's</c><00:33:37.240><c> far</c><00:33:37.560><c> more</c><00:33:37.720><c> general.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2019.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's that's far more general."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2019.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's that's far more general. So<00:33:39.480><c> we</c><00:33:39.600><c> have</c><00:33:39.840><c> to</c><00:33:40.200><c> So</c><00:33:40.880><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2023.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So<00:33:43.640><c> we</c><00:33:44.000><c> we'll</c><00:33:44.120><c> want</c><00:33:44.320><c> to</c><00:33:44.360><c> move</c><00:33:44.560><c> from</c><00:33:45.320><c> you</c><00:33:45.400><c> know</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2025.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So we we'll want to move from you know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2025.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So we we'll want to move from you know the<00:33:45.880><c> standard</c><00:33:46.280><c> notion</c><00:33:46.640><c> of</c><00:33:46.760><c> Markov</c><00:33:47.200><c> blanket</c><00:33:47.640><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2027.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the standard notion of Markov blanket to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2027.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the standard notion of Markov blanket to what<00:33:47.960><c> I</c><00:33:48.000><c> would</c><00:33:48.200><c> call</c><00:33:48.640><c> a</c><00:33:48.720><c> trace</c><00:33:49.120><c> blanket.</c><00:33:49.960><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2030.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what I would call a trace blanket. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2030.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what I would call a trace blanket. And here<00:33:50.480><c> now</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2031.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "here now"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2031.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "here now um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2032.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2032.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um we<00:33:53.480><c> have</c><00:33:53.640><c> to</c><00:33:53.800><c> actually</c><00:33:54.200><c> construct</c><00:33:55.160><c> the</c><00:33:55.280><c> self</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2035.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we have to actually construct the self"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2035.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we have to actually construct the self and<00:33:56.280><c> the</c><00:33:56.400><c> world.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2037.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and the world."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2037.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and the world. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2039.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2039.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And we<00:33:59.600><c> need</c><00:33:59.800><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2040.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we need to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2040.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we need to the<00:34:00.679><c> way</c><00:34:00.840><c> we</c><00:34:00.960><c> will</c><00:34:01.120><c> do</c><00:34:01.360><c> that</c><00:34:01.640><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2042.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the way we will do that is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2042.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the way we will do that is and<00:34:02.679><c> by</c><00:34:02.800><c> the</c><00:34:02.920><c> way</c><00:34:03.080><c> now</c><00:34:03.600><c> you</c><00:34:03.720><c> know</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2045.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and by the way now you know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2045.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and by the way now you know I'm<00:34:05.360><c> just</c><00:34:05.840><c> saying</c><00:34:06.200><c> at</c><00:34:06.280><c> top</c><00:34:06.560><c> level.</c><00:34:06.840><c> We</c><00:34:06.960><c> have</c><00:34:07.120><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2047.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm just saying at top level. We have to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2047.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm just saying at top level. We have to do<00:34:07.800><c> a</c><00:34:07.840><c> lot</c><00:34:08.040><c> of</c><00:34:08.120><c> hard</c><00:34:08.320><c> work</c><00:34:08.560><c> here.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2049.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "do a lot of hard work here."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2049.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "do a lot of hard work here. But<00:34:09.560><c> it's</c><00:34:09.640><c> going</c><00:34:09.760><c> to</c><00:34:09.840><c> be</c><00:34:10.000><c> policies</c><00:34:10.640><c> and</c><00:34:10.760><c> meta</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2050.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But it's going to be policies and meta"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2051.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But it's going to be policies and meta policies<00:34:11.679><c> and</c><00:34:11.919><c> what</c><00:34:12.080><c> they</c><00:34:12.520><c> what</c><00:34:12.720><c> they</c><00:34:12.879><c> do.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2054.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies and what they what they do."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2054.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies and what they what they do. And<00:34:14.679><c> certain</c><00:34:15.480><c> experiences</c><00:34:16.480><c> like</c><00:34:16.800><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2057.389,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And certain experiences like what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2057.399,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And certain experiences like what experiences<00:34:18.159><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2058.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experiences of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2058.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experiences of pleasure<00:34:19.359><c> and</c><00:34:19.520><c> pain</c><00:34:20.159><c> will</c><00:34:20.320><c> be</c><00:34:20.440><c> part</c><00:34:20.760><c> of</c><00:34:20.840><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2060.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pleasure and pain will be part of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2060.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pleasure and pain will be part of the experiences<00:34:21.480><c> agents</c><00:34:21.800><c> have</c><00:34:22.480><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2063.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experiences agents have and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2063.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experiences agents have and to<00:34:23.840><c> the</c><00:34:23.919><c> extent</c><00:34:24.280><c> that</c><00:34:24.520><c> certain</c><00:34:24.960><c> actions</c><00:34:25.480><c> lead</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2065.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to the extent that certain actions lead"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2065.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to the extent that certain actions lead to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2067.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2068.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to greater<00:34:28.359><c> hitting</c><00:34:28.640><c> of</c><00:34:28.720><c> the</c><00:34:28.840><c> pleasure</c><00:34:29.320><c> centers,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2070.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "greater hitting of the pleasure centers,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2070.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "greater hitting of the pleasure centers, the<00:34:30.240><c> pleasure</c><00:34:31.040><c> the</c><00:34:31.159><c> higher</c><00:34:31.960><c> put</c><00:34:32.120><c> it</c><00:34:32.200><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2072.389,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the pleasure the higher put it the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2072.399,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the pleasure the higher put it the higher<00:34:32.640><c> stationary</c><00:34:33.080><c> measure</c><00:34:33.320><c> for</c><00:34:33.440><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2073.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "higher stationary measure for the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2073.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "higher stationary measure for the pleasure,<00:34:33.960><c> then</c><00:34:34.359><c> that</c><00:34:34.679><c> they'll</c><00:34:34.879><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2076.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pleasure, then that they'll be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2076.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pleasure, then that they'll be sought.<00:34:36.720><c> And</c><00:34:37.120><c> to</c><00:34:37.720><c> higher</c><00:34:37.919><c> stationary</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2078.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sought. And to higher stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2078.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sought. And to higher stationary measures<00:34:38.600><c> for</c><00:34:38.720><c> the</c><00:34:38.800><c> pain,</c><00:34:39.120><c> they</c><00:34:39.320><c> they</c><00:34:39.480><c> will</c><00:34:39.640><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2079.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measures for the pain, they they will be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2079.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measures for the pain, they they will be less<00:34:40.159><c> sought.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2081.149,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "less sought."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2081.159,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "less sought. They<00:34:41.280><c> will</c><00:34:41.440><c> be</c><00:34:42.120><c> avoided.</c><00:34:43.280><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2084.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "They will be avoided. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2084.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "They will be avoided. And so<00:34:45.200><c> the</c><00:34:45.520><c> idea</c><00:34:45.760><c> will</c><00:34:45.919><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2087.669,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so the idea will be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2087.679,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so the idea will be there'll<00:34:47.840><c> be</c><00:34:48.000><c> pleasure</c><00:34:48.399><c> and</c><00:34:48.560><c> pain</c><00:34:48.960><c> guides,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2089.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there'll be pleasure and pain guides,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2089.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there'll be pleasure and pain guides, but<00:34:49.720><c> there'll</c><00:34:49.960><c> also</c><00:34:50.240><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2091.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but there'll also be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2091.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but there'll also be uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2092.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2092.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh I'm<00:34:52.200><c> thinking</c><00:34:52.440><c> that</c><00:34:52.640><c> policies</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2095.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm thinking that policies"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2095.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm thinking that policies What<00:34:55.440><c> policies</c><00:34:55.919><c> do</c><00:34:56.040><c> is</c><00:34:56.159><c> they</c><00:34:56.320><c> say</c><00:34:57.040><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2098.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What policies do is they say um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2098.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What policies do is they say um given<00:34:58.480><c> that</c><00:34:58.560><c> I'm</c><00:34:58.640><c> looking</c><00:34:58.880><c> through</c><00:34:59.040><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2099.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "given that I'm looking through this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2099.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "given that I'm looking through this particular<00:34:59.680><c> observer</c><00:35:00.000><c> window,</c><00:35:01.040><c> what's</c><00:35:01.240><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2101.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "particular observer window, what's the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2101.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "particular observer window, what's the probability<00:35:01.720><c> that</c><00:35:01.840><c> I'll</c><00:35:02.000><c> now</c><00:35:02.240><c> look</c><00:35:02.480><c> through</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2102.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probability that I'll now look through"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2102.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probability that I'll now look through that<00:35:02.880><c> window</c><00:35:03.120><c> over</c><00:35:03.320><c> there</c><00:35:03.440><c> or</c><00:35:03.520><c> that</c><00:35:03.720><c> window</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2103.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that window over there or that window"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2103.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that window over there or that window over<00:35:04.080><c> there?</c><00:35:04.920><c> If</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2105.839,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "over there? If"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2105.849,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "over there? If &gt;&gt; [snorts]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2106.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [snorts]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2106.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [snorts] &gt;&gt; Don,<00:35:06.960><c> can</c><00:35:07.160><c> I</c><00:35:07.240><c> ask</c><00:35:07.440><c> you</c><00:35:07.880><c> Yeah.</c><00:35:08.120><c> Can</c><00:35:08.280><c> I</c><00:35:08.560><c> interrupt</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2109.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Don, can I ask you Yeah. Can I interrupt"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2109.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Don, can I ask you Yeah. Can I interrupt with<00:35:09.160><c> a</c><00:35:09.240><c> question?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2110.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with a question?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2110.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with a question? A<00:35:10.680><c> couple</c><00:35:11.040><c> of</c><00:35:11.160><c> sentences</c><00:35:11.680><c> ago</c><00:35:11.960><c> was</c><00:35:12.120><c> the</c><00:35:12.240><c> first</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2112.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "A couple of sentences ago was the first"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2112.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "A couple of sentences ago was the first time<00:35:12.840><c> you</c><00:35:12.920><c> used</c><00:35:13.160><c> the</c><00:35:13.240><c> word</c><00:35:13.560><c> action.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2115.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "time you used the word action."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2115.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "time you used the word action. And<00:35:16.359><c> is</c><00:35:16.800><c> an</c><00:35:17.320><c> action</c><00:35:18.200><c> in</c><00:35:18.400><c> this</c><00:35:18.640><c> framework</c><00:35:19.320><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2119.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And is an action in this framework just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2119.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And is an action in this framework just a<00:35:19.760><c> change</c><00:35:20.200><c> in</c><00:35:20.359><c> policy?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2122.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a change in policy?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2122.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a change in policy? So<00:35:23.480><c> each</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2125.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So each"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2125.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So each um<00:35:25.680><c> it</c><00:35:25.880><c> is,</c><00:35:26.200><c> but</c><00:35:26.400><c> it's</c><00:35:26.520><c> not</c><00:35:26.720><c> just</c><00:35:26.920><c> a</c><00:35:26.960><c> change</c><00:35:27.240><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2127.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um it is, but it's not just a change in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2127.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um it is, but it's not just a change in policy.<00:35:28.080><c> So</c><00:35:28.359><c> an</c><00:35:28.520><c> action</c><00:35:28.960><c> would</c><00:35:29.120><c> be</c><00:35:29.920><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2131.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policy. So an action would be um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2131.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policy. So an action would be um an<00:35:31.640><c> a</c><00:35:31.760><c> policy</c><00:35:32.200><c> itself</c><00:35:32.680><c> gives</c><00:35:32.920><c> you</c><00:35:33.000><c> an</c><00:35:33.120><c> action</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2133.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "an a policy itself gives you an action"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2133.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "an a policy itself gives you an action on<00:35:33.840><c> observer</c><00:35:34.160><c> windows</c><00:35:34.440><c> cuz</c><00:35:34.600><c> your</c><00:35:34.800><c> action</c><00:35:35.080><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2135.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "on observer windows cuz your action is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2135.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "on observer windows cuz your action is to<00:35:35.280><c> change</c><00:35:35.600><c> observer</c><00:35:35.960><c> windows.</c><00:35:36.960><c> Okay.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2138.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to change observer windows. Okay."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2138.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to change observer windows. Okay. A<00:35:38.280><c> meta</c><00:35:38.640><c> policy</c><00:35:39.680><c> gives</c><00:35:39.920><c> you</c><00:35:40.040><c> a</c><00:35:40.280><c> a</c><00:35:40.359><c> higher</c><00:35:40.640><c> level</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2140.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "A meta policy gives you a a higher level"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2140.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "A meta policy gives you a a higher level of<00:35:41.000><c> action</c><00:35:41.280><c> because</c><00:35:41.520><c> you're</c><00:35:41.640><c> now</c><00:35:41.800><c> changing</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2142.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of action because you're now changing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2142.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of action because you're now changing policies."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2144.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2144.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies. Right?<00:35:44.960><c> And</c><00:35:45.080><c> then</c><00:35:45.280><c> a</c><00:35:45.320><c> meta</c><00:35:45.640><c> meta</c><00:35:45.960><c> policy</c><00:35:46.800><c> would</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2146.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right? And then a meta meta policy would"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2146.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right? And then a meta meta policy would be<00:35:47.080><c> an</c><00:35:47.200><c> even</c><00:35:47.440><c> higher</c><00:35:47.680><c> level</c><00:35:47.920><c> of</c><00:35:48.000><c> action</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2148.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be an even higher level of action"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2148.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be an even higher level of action because<00:35:48.520><c> you're</c><00:35:48.680><c> changing</c><00:35:49.320><c> your</c><00:35:49.480><c> meta</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2149.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because you're changing your meta"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2149.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because you're changing your meta policy."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2150.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policy."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2151.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policy. Okay.<00:35:51.520><c> So</c><00:35:51.880><c> So</c><00:35:52.200><c> actions</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2153.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay. So So actions"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2153.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay. So So actions So<00:35:54.120><c> actions</c><00:35:54.760><c> are</c><00:35:55.040><c> all</c><00:35:55.560><c> either</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2156.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So actions are all either"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2156.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So actions are all either changing<00:35:57.160><c> what</c><00:35:57.359><c> you're</c><00:35:57.520><c> looking</c><00:35:57.960><c> at</c><00:35:58.280><c> or</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2158.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "changing what you're looking at or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2158.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "changing what you're looking at or changing<00:35:59.000><c> how</c><00:35:59.200><c> you</c><00:35:59.320><c> decide</c><00:35:59.880><c> what</c><00:36:00.080><c> you</c><00:36:00.440><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2160.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "changing how you decide what you what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2160.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "changing how you decide what you what you're<00:36:00.760><c> looking</c><00:36:01.160><c> at.</c><00:36:01.640><c> That's</c><00:36:02.000><c> right.</c><00:36:02.680><c> Okay.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2163.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you're looking at. That's right. Okay."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2163.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you're looking at. That's right. Okay. Great."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2163.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Great."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2163.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Great. It's<00:36:04.040><c> a</c><00:36:04.080><c> recursive</c><00:36:04.600><c> notion</c><00:36:04.920><c> of</c><00:36:05.040><c> action</c><00:36:05.359><c> now.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2166.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's a recursive notion of action now."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2166.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's a recursive notion of action now. Okay."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2167.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2167.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay. Right.<00:36:08.440><c> So</c><00:36:09.359><c> So</c><00:36:09.720><c> now</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2171.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. So So now"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2171.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. So So now this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2172.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2172.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this I'm<00:36:12.240><c> just</c><00:36:12.400><c> thinking</c><00:36:12.680><c> through</c><00:36:12.840><c> this</c><00:36:13.040><c> last</c><00:36:13.320><c> bit,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2173.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm just thinking through this last bit,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2173.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm just thinking through this last bit, but<00:36:13.720><c> it</c><00:36:13.880><c> seems</c><00:36:14.120><c> like</c><00:36:14.359><c> some</c><00:36:14.640><c> policies,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2176.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but it seems like some policies,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2176.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but it seems like some policies, for<00:36:16.280><c> example,</c><00:36:17.280><c> now</c><00:36:17.440><c> So</c><00:36:17.600><c> now</c><00:36:17.800><c> I'm</c><00:36:17.880><c> looking</c><00:36:18.120><c> at</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2178.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for example, now So now I'm looking at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2178.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for example, now So now I'm looking at just<00:36:18.400><c> the</c><00:36:18.480><c> smallest</c><00:36:19.120><c> level</c><00:36:19.440><c> of</c><00:36:19.560><c> action.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2180.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just the smallest level of action."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2180.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just the smallest level of action. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2182.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2182.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um Some<00:36:22.400><c> policies,</c><00:36:23.000><c> if</c><00:36:23.160><c> they</c><00:36:23.359><c> have</c><00:36:23.680><c> certain</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2183.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Some policies, if they have certain"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2184.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Some policies, if they have certain things<00:36:24.359><c> that</c><00:36:24.600><c> you</c><00:36:24.800><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2185.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "things that you that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2185.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "things that you that always<00:36:26.160><c> appear</c><00:36:26.680><c> in</c><00:36:26.840><c> your</c><00:36:26.960><c> observer</c><00:36:27.320><c> window.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2187.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "always appear in your observer window."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2187.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "always appear in your observer window. So<00:36:27.760><c> for</c><00:36:27.880><c> example,</c><00:36:28.280><c> in</c><00:36:28.440><c> my</c><00:36:28.600><c> observer</c><00:36:28.960><c> windows,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2189.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So for example, in my observer windows,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2189.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So for example, in my observer windows, my<00:36:30.040><c> hands</c><00:36:30.840><c> and</c><00:36:31.000><c> my</c><00:36:31.160><c> body</c><00:36:31.600><c> often</c><00:36:31.920><c> appear.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2193.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "my hands and my body often appear."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2193.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "my hands and my body often appear. Whereas<00:36:34.000><c> other</c><00:36:34.280><c> things</c><00:36:34.560><c> that</c><00:36:34.720><c> I</c><00:36:34.760><c> call</c><00:36:35.000><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2195.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Whereas other things that I call the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2195.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Whereas other things that I call the external<00:36:35.480><c> world</c><00:36:35.720><c> don't</c><00:36:35.920><c> appear</c><00:36:36.280><c> that</c><00:36:36.520><c> often.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2197.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "external world don't appear that often."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2197.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "external world don't appear that often. And<00:36:37.840><c> I</c><00:36:37.880><c> also</c><00:36:38.160><c> notice</c><00:36:38.480><c> that</c><00:36:38.800><c> I</c><00:36:38.880><c> seem</c><00:36:39.120><c> to</c><00:36:39.200><c> be</c><00:36:39.280><c> able</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2199.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And I also notice that I seem to be able"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2199.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And I also notice that I seem to be able to<00:36:39.560><c> directly</c><00:36:40.000><c> control</c><00:36:40.320><c> my</c><00:36:40.480><c> hands</c><00:36:41.359><c> and</c><00:36:41.560><c> my</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2201.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to directly control my hands and my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2201.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to directly control my hands and my body."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2202.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "body."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2202.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "body. But<00:36:43.120><c> if</c><00:36:43.320><c> I</c><00:36:43.400><c> want</c><00:36:43.880><c> to</c><00:36:44.200><c> have</c><00:36:44.440><c> my</c><00:36:44.600><c> phone</c><00:36:44.960><c> move,</c><00:36:45.240><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2205.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But if I want to have my phone move, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2205.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But if I want to have my phone move, I need<00:36:45.520><c> to</c><00:36:45.600><c> move</c><00:36:45.800><c> my</c><00:36:46.000><c> hand</c><00:36:46.760><c> so</c><00:36:46.920><c> that</c><00:36:47.040><c> I</c><00:36:47.120><c> can</c><00:36:47.280><c> pick</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2207.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "need to move my hand so that I can pick"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2207.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "need to move my hand so that I can pick up<00:36:47.680><c> the</c><00:36:47.760><c> phone</c><00:36:48.400><c> to</c><00:36:48.520><c> move</c><00:36:48.800><c> the</c><00:36:48.880><c> phone.</c><00:36:49.200><c> So</c><00:36:49.960><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2210.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "up the phone to move the phone. So what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2210.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "up the phone to move the phone. So what what<00:36:50.400><c> I</c><00:36:50.880><c> am</c><00:36:51.040><c> going</c><00:36:51.280><c> to</c><00:36:51.400><c> say</c><00:36:51.600><c> is</c><00:36:51.760><c> that</c><00:36:52.400><c> we</c><00:36:52.760><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2212.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what I am going to say is that we we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2212.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what I am going to say is that we we really<00:36:53.320><c> have</c><00:36:53.600><c> to</c><00:36:54.080><c> it</c><00:36:54.240><c> So</c><00:36:54.520><c> in</c><00:36:55.000><c> in</c><00:36:55.080><c> the</c><00:36:55.200><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2215.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "really have to it So in in the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2215.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "really have to it So in in the Markov blanket<00:36:56.760><c> approach,</c><00:36:57.560><c> right?</c><00:36:57.960><c> The</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2218.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "blanket approach, right? The"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2218.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "blanket approach, right? The The<00:36:58.920><c> Markov</c><00:36:59.359><c> blanket</c><00:36:59.720><c> has</c><00:36:59.880><c> a</c><00:36:59.960><c> clean</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2220.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The Markov blanket has a clean"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2220.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The Markov blanket has a clean definition.<00:37:01.240><c> It's</c><00:37:01.920><c> you</c><00:37:02.000><c> know</c><00:37:02.120><c> you</c><00:37:02.400><c> give</c><00:37:02.600><c> me</c><00:37:02.680><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2222.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "definition. It's you know you give me a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2222.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "definition. It's you know you give me a set<00:37:02.920><c> of</c><00:37:03.040><c> nodes,</c><00:37:03.440><c> their</c><00:37:03.600><c> blanket</c><00:37:04.040><c> is</c><00:37:04.560><c> their</c><00:37:05.200><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2225.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "set of nodes, their blanket is their the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2225.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "set of nodes, their blanket is their the parents<00:37:05.680><c> of</c><00:37:05.760><c> the</c><00:37:05.840><c> nodes,</c><00:37:06.320><c> the</c><00:37:07.000><c> offspring</c><00:37:07.440><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2227.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "parents of the nodes, the offspring of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2227.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "parents of the nodes, the offspring of the<00:37:07.600><c> nodes,</c><00:37:07.880><c> and</c><00:37:07.960><c> the</c><00:37:08.040><c> parents</c><00:37:08.359><c> of</c><00:37:08.440><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2228.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the nodes, and the parents of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2228.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the nodes, and the parents of the offspring<00:37:08.880><c> of</c><00:37:08.960><c> the</c><00:37:09.040><c> nodes.</c><00:37:09.560><c> End</c><00:37:09.760><c> of</c><00:37:09.800><c> story.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2230.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "offspring of the nodes. End of story."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2230.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "offspring of the nodes. End of story. That<00:37:10.480><c> is</c><00:37:10.600><c> your</c><00:37:10.720><c> blanket.</c><00:37:11.120><c> That's</c><00:37:11.359><c> your</c><00:37:11.480><c> skin.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2232.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That is your blanket. That's your skin."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2232.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That is your blanket. That's your skin. That's<00:37:12.320><c> your</c><00:37:13.000><c> boundary</c><00:37:13.359><c> between</c><00:37:13.640><c> you</c><00:37:13.720><c> and</c><00:37:13.800><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2233.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's your boundary between you and the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2233.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's your boundary between you and the world.<00:37:14.440><c> Here</c><00:37:14.800><c> it's</c><00:37:15.000><c> much</c><00:37:15.280><c> more</c><00:37:15.440><c> complicated.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2236.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "world. Here it's much more complicated."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2236.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "world. Here it's much more complicated. Now<00:37:17.560><c> I</c><00:37:17.640><c> have</c><00:37:17.840><c> to</c><00:37:17.960><c> use</c><00:37:18.240><c> the</c><00:37:18.320><c> notion</c><00:37:18.600><c> of</c><00:37:18.760><c> agency</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2239.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now I have to use the notion of agency"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2239.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now I have to use the notion of agency in<00:37:19.359><c> a</c><00:37:19.400><c> non-trivial</c><00:37:20.600><c> fashion</c><00:37:21.600><c> and</c><00:37:22.680><c> learn</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2243.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in a non-trivial fashion and learn"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2243.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in a non-trivial fashion and learn probabilistically"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2244.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probabilistically"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2245.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probabilistically what<00:37:25.480><c> features</c><00:37:26.160><c> of</c><00:37:26.359><c> my</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2247.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what features of my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2247.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what features of my sequence<00:37:28.520><c> of</c><00:37:28.880><c> observer</c><00:37:29.359><c> windows</c><00:37:29.720><c> that</c><00:37:29.840><c> I'm</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2249.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sequence of observer windows that I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2249.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sequence of observer windows that I'm having<00:37:30.640><c> remain</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2252.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "having remain"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2252.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "having remain there<00:37:32.720><c> most</c><00:37:33.200><c> of</c><00:37:33.280><c> the</c><00:37:33.400><c> time.</c><00:37:33.760><c> My</c><00:37:33.880><c> hands</c><00:37:34.240><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2254.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there most of the time. My hands are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2254.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there most of the time. My hands are there<00:37:34.640><c> most</c><00:37:35.000><c> of</c><00:37:35.080><c> the</c><00:37:35.200><c> time.</c><00:37:36.120><c> And</c><00:37:36.320><c> they're</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2256.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there most of the time. And they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2256.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there most of the time. And they're associated<00:37:37.080><c> certain</c><00:37:37.359><c> actions</c><00:37:37.640><c> with</c><00:37:37.720><c> my</c><00:37:37.840><c> hands</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2258.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "associated certain actions with my hands"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2258.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "associated certain actions with my hands are<00:37:38.120><c> associated</c><00:37:38.560><c> with</c><00:37:38.760><c> pleasure</c><00:37:39.120><c> signals,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2259.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are associated with pleasure signals,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2259.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are associated with pleasure signals, others<00:37:40.080><c> associated</c><00:37:40.600><c> with</c><00:37:40.760><c> pain</c><00:37:41.080><c> signals.</c><00:37:41.440><c> So</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2261.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "others associated with pain signals. So"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2261.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "others associated with pain signals. So I'm<00:37:41.640><c> learning</c><00:37:41.920><c> to</c><00:37:42.000><c> do</c><00:37:42.600><c> certain</c><00:37:42.840><c> things</c><00:37:43.080><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2263.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm learning to do certain things with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2263.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm learning to do certain things with my<00:37:43.320><c> hands</c><00:37:43.680><c> and</c><00:37:44.000><c> don't</c><00:37:44.200><c> stick</c><00:37:44.400><c> them</c><00:37:44.520><c> in</c><00:37:44.640><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2264.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "my hands and don't stick them in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2264.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "my hands and don't stick them in the fire,<00:37:45.040><c> things</c><00:37:45.359><c> like</c><00:37:45.520><c> that.</c><00:37:46.280><c> Other</c><00:37:46.600><c> things</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2268.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "fire, things like that. Other things"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2268.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "fire, things like that. Other things are<00:37:48.640><c> are</c><00:37:49.000><c> much</c><00:37:49.240><c> more</c><00:37:49.400><c> contingent.</c><00:37:50.160><c> They</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2270.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are are much more contingent. They"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2270.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are are much more contingent. They So<00:37:51.120><c> I</c><00:37:51.200><c> can</c><00:37:51.800><c> use</c><00:37:52.520><c> probabilities</c><00:37:53.359><c> of</c><00:37:53.480><c> what</c><00:37:53.640><c> I'm</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2273.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So I can use probabilities of what I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2273.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So I can use probabilities of what I'm seeing<00:37:54.280><c> in</c><00:37:54.480><c> my</c><00:37:54.640><c> observer</c><00:37:55.000><c> windows</c><00:37:55.960><c> as</c><00:37:56.240><c> a</c><00:37:56.320><c> way</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2276.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "seeing in my observer windows as a way"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2276.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "seeing in my observer windows as a way of<00:37:56.680><c> starting</c><00:37:57.000><c> to</c><00:37:57.200><c> construct</c><00:37:57.840><c> myself</c><00:37:58.760><c> versus</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2279.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of starting to construct myself versus"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2279.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of starting to construct myself versus the<00:37:59.560><c> outside</c><00:38:00.440><c> world</c><00:38:01.160><c> plus</c><00:38:01.400><c> these</c><00:38:01.640><c> pleasure</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2281.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the outside world plus these pleasure"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2281.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the outside world plus these pleasure and<00:38:02.080><c> pain</c><00:38:02.320><c> guides.</c><00:38:03.240><c> Don,</c><00:38:03.600><c> can</c><00:38:03.800><c> I</c><00:38:03.840><c> ask</c><00:38:04.040><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2284.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and pain guides. Don, can I ask you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2284.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and pain guides. Don, can I ask you another<00:38:04.400><c> question?</c><00:38:04.960><c> Sure.</c><00:38:05.359><c> Sure.</c><00:38:06.000><c> Uh</c><00:38:06.359><c> you</c><00:38:06.880><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2287.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "another question? Sure. Sure. Uh you you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2287.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "another question? Sure. Sure. Uh you you talked<00:38:07.359><c> about</c><00:38:07.760><c> actions</c><00:38:08.200><c> with</c><00:38:08.400><c> your</c><00:38:08.640><c> hands.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2290.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "talked about actions with your hands."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2290.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "talked about actions with your hands. What<00:38:10.359><c> does</c><00:38:10.520><c> that</c><00:38:10.760><c> mean</c><00:38:11.040><c> in</c><00:38:11.240><c> terms</c><00:38:11.760><c> of</c><00:38:12.560><c> uh</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2293.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What does that mean in terms of uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2293.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What does that mean in terms of uh changing<00:38:14.120><c> what</c><00:38:14.280><c> you're</c><00:38:14.440><c> looking</c><00:38:14.800><c> at?</c><00:38:15.359><c> Since</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2295.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "changing what you're looking at? Since"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2295.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "changing what you're looking at? Since the<00:38:15.720><c> only</c><00:38:15.960><c> action</c><00:38:16.320><c> is</c><00:38:16.440><c> changing</c><00:38:16.800><c> what</c><00:38:16.960><c> you're</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2297.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the only action is changing what you're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2297.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the only action is changing what you're looking<00:38:17.560><c> at,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2298.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "looking at,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2298.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "looking at, what<00:38:18.600><c> does</c><00:38:18.760><c> it</c><00:38:18.840><c> mean</c><00:38:19.080><c> to</c><00:38:19.200><c> control</c><00:38:19.720><c> what</c><00:38:19.840><c> your</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2299.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what does it mean to control what your"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2300.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what does it mean to control what your hands<00:38:20.280><c> are</c><00:38:20.359><c> doing?</c><00:38:20.760><c> Right,</c><00:38:21.040><c> because</c><00:38:21.440><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2301.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hands are doing? Right, because so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2301.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hands are doing? Right, because so that's<00:38:21.960><c> that's</c><00:38:22.240><c> a</c><00:38:22.280><c> great</c><00:38:22.520><c> question,</c><00:38:22.920><c> Chris,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2303.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's that's a great question, Chris,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2303.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's that's a great question, Chris, because<00:38:23.480><c> what</c><00:38:23.640><c> that</c><00:38:23.840><c> means</c><00:38:24.480><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2305.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because what that means is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2305.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because what that means is I<00:38:26.400><c> want</c><00:38:26.760><c> an</c><00:38:26.880><c> observer</c><00:38:27.280><c> window</c><00:38:27.880><c> I</c><00:38:28.000><c> have</c><00:38:28.240><c> an</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2308.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I want an observer window I have an"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2308.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I want an observer window I have an observer<00:38:28.840><c> window</c><00:38:29.160><c> where</c><00:38:29.320><c> my</c><00:38:29.520><c> hand</c><00:38:29.880><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2310.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer window where my hand is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2310.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer window where my hand is touching<00:38:30.720><c> my</c><00:38:30.880><c> ear.</c><00:38:31.760><c> Now</c><00:38:32.000><c> I</c><00:38:32.080><c> want</c><00:38:32.320><c> an</c><00:38:32.440><c> observer</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2312.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "touching my ear. Now I want an observer"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2312.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "touching my ear. Now I want an observer window<00:38:33.320><c> in</c><00:38:33.480><c> which</c><00:38:33.680><c> my</c><00:38:33.840><c> hand</c><00:38:34.280><c> is</c><00:38:34.480><c> touching</c><00:38:34.840><c> my</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2314.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "window in which my hand is touching my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2314.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "window in which my hand is touching my leg."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2317.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "leg."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2317.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "leg. And<00:38:37.320><c> so</c><00:38:37.520><c> I</c><00:38:37.600><c> transition</c><00:38:38.880><c> to</c><00:38:39.000><c> that</c><00:38:39.480><c> observe</c><00:38:39.880><c> So</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2320.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And so I transition to that observe So"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2320.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And so I transition to that observe So what's<00:38:40.280><c> happening</c><00:38:40.800><c> is</c><00:38:41.520><c> I'm</c><00:38:41.720><c> choosing</c><00:38:42.600><c> what</c><00:38:42.880><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2322.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what's happening is I'm choosing what I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2323.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what's happening is I'm choosing what I want<00:38:43.280><c> to</c><00:38:43.400><c> see</c><00:38:43.880><c> in</c><00:38:44.000><c> my</c><00:38:44.120><c> movie</c><00:38:44.560><c> next.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2325.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "want to see in my movie next."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2325.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "want to see in my movie next. And<00:38:46.000><c> that's</c><00:38:46.200><c> what</c><00:38:46.320><c> we</c><00:38:46.440><c> call</c><00:38:46.840><c> moving</c><00:38:47.320><c> my</c><00:38:47.480><c> hand.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2328.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And that's what we call moving my hand."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2328.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And that's what we call moving my hand. It's<00:38:48.920><c> a</c><00:38:48.960><c> completely</c><00:38:50.040><c> You</c><00:38:50.120><c> have</c><00:38:50.240><c> to</c><00:38:50.400><c> really</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2330.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's a completely You have to really"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2330.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's a completely You have to really think<00:38:50.960><c> out</c><00:38:51.080><c> of</c><00:38:51.160><c> the</c><00:38:51.240><c> box</c><00:38:51.560><c> now.</c><00:38:51.920><c> This</c><00:38:52.080><c> is</c><00:38:52.840><c> it's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2333.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think out of the box now. This is it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2333.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think out of the box now. This is it's it's<00:38:53.560><c> really</c><00:38:54.120><c> it's</c><00:38:54.359><c> a</c><00:38:54.440><c> choice</c><00:38:54.960><c> of</c><00:38:55.160><c> what</c><00:38:55.400><c> I</c><00:38:55.480><c> want</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2335.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's really it's a choice of what I want"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2335.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's really it's a choice of what I want to<00:38:55.880><c> see</c><00:38:56.080><c> next.</c><00:38:56.440><c> And</c><00:38:56.560><c> that's</c><00:38:56.800><c> what</c><00:38:56.920><c> the</c><00:38:57.040><c> actions</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2337.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to see next. And that's what the actions"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2337.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to see next. And that's what the actions are."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2338.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2338.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are. Okay.<00:38:59.000><c> Okay.</c><00:38:59.520><c> Great.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2340.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay. Okay. Great."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2340.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay. Okay. Great. It's<00:39:01.160><c> very</c><00:39:01.640><c> it's</c><00:39:01.800><c> in</c><00:39:01.880><c> a</c><00:39:01.960><c> very</c><00:39:02.440><c> austere</c><00:39:03.160><c> What</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2343.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's very it's in a very austere What"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2343.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's very it's in a very austere What What<00:39:03.480><c> I</c><00:39:03.520><c> love</c><00:39:03.720><c> about</c><00:39:03.920><c> it</c><00:39:04.040><c> is</c><00:39:04.240><c> it's</c><00:39:04.480><c> austere.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2345.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What I love about it is it's austere."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2345.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What I love about it is it's austere. There's<00:39:05.640><c> only</c><00:39:05.920><c> one</c><00:39:06.160><c> equation</c><00:39:06.800><c> and</c><00:39:07.040><c> one</c><00:39:07.240><c> logic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2347.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "There's only one equation and one logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2347.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "There's only one equation and one logic and<00:39:08.320><c> and</c><00:39:09.000><c> so</c><00:39:09.160><c> you</c><00:39:09.320><c> have</c><00:39:09.640><c> very</c><00:39:10.080><c> very</c><00:39:10.520><c> tight</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2350.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and and so you have very very tight"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2350.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and and so you have very very tight guides."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2352.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "guides."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2352.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "guides. And<00:39:12.920><c> yet</c><00:39:13.480><c> the</c><00:39:13.800><c> the</c><00:39:13.920><c> claim</c><00:39:14.280><c> is</c><00:39:14.760><c> we</c><00:39:14.880><c> should</c><00:39:15.080><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2355.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And yet the the claim is we should be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2355.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And yet the the claim is we should be able<00:39:15.280><c> to</c><00:39:15.359><c> get</c><00:39:15.760><c> everything</c><00:39:16.200><c> out</c><00:39:16.359><c> of</c><00:39:16.480><c> it.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2358.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "able to get everything out of it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2358.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "able to get everything out of it. But<00:39:18.240><c> that's</c><00:39:18.400><c> what</c><00:39:18.560><c> I</c><00:39:18.600><c> love</c><00:39:18.800><c> is</c><00:39:18.880><c> a</c><00:39:18.960><c> theory</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2359.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But that's what I love is a theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2359.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But that's what I love is a theory that's<00:39:19.480><c> that</c><00:39:19.680><c> forces</c><00:39:20.080><c> you</c><00:39:20.359><c> to</c><00:39:20.920><c> do</c><00:39:21.080><c> it</c><00:39:21.560><c> in</c><00:39:21.680><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2362.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's that forces you to do it in a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2362.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's that forces you to do it in a principled<00:39:23.359><c> way.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2364.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "principled way."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2364.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "principled way. Now<00:39:25.200><c> Bayesian</c><00:39:25.680><c> inference,</c><00:39:26.720><c> I'll</c><00:39:26.920><c> just</c><00:39:27.720><c> we</c><00:39:27.840><c> can</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2367.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now Bayesian inference, I'll just we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2367.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now Bayesian inference, I'll just we can talk<00:39:28.120><c> about</c><00:39:29.040><c> more</c><00:39:29.320><c> but</c><00:39:30.000><c> if</c><00:39:30.160><c> you</c><00:39:30.240><c> want,</c><00:39:30.440><c> but</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2370.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "talk about more but if you want, but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2370.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "talk about more but if you want, but I'll<00:39:30.640><c> just</c><00:39:30.800><c> mention</c><00:39:31.080><c> briefly.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2372.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'll just mention briefly."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2372.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'll just mention briefly. Bayes'<00:39:32.640><c> rule</c><00:39:33.760><c> um</c><00:39:34.560><c> falls</c><00:39:35.000><c> out</c><00:39:35.200><c> of</c><00:39:35.359><c> the</c><00:39:35.480><c> meet</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2376.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Bayes' rule um falls out of the meet"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2376.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Bayes' rule um falls out of the meet uh<00:39:36.840><c> the</c><00:39:37.280><c> and</c><00:39:38.040><c> of</c><00:39:38.200><c> the</c><00:39:38.280><c> trace</c><00:39:38.520><c> logic.</c><00:39:39.200><c> And</c><00:39:39.320><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2379.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh the and of the trace logic. And we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2379.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh the and of the trace logic. And we can<00:39:39.560><c> go</c><00:39:39.680><c> into</c><00:39:39.960><c> how</c><00:39:40.160><c> that's</c><00:39:40.440><c> the</c><00:39:40.520><c> case.</c><00:39:41.040><c> It's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2381.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can go into how that's the case. It's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2381.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can go into how that's the case. It's It's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2382.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2382.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's beautiful<00:39:42.960><c> and</c><00:39:43.080><c> non-trivial,</c><00:39:43.680><c> but</c><00:39:44.440><c> Bayesian</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2384.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "beautiful and non-trivial, but Bayesian"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2384.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "beautiful and non-trivial, but Bayesian inference<00:39:45.560><c> is</c><00:39:45.680><c> effectively</c><00:39:46.240><c> a</c><00:39:46.280><c> special</c><00:39:46.680><c> case</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2387.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "inference is effectively a special case"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2387.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "inference is effectively a special case of<00:39:47.520><c> the</c><00:39:47.640><c> meat</c><00:39:48.000><c> of</c><00:39:48.120><c> the</c><00:39:48.200><c> trace</c><00:39:48.480><c> logic.</c><00:39:48.880><c> And</c><00:39:49.120><c> if</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2389.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the meat of the trace logic. And if"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2389.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the meat of the trace logic. And if you<00:39:49.320><c> want,</c><00:39:49.480><c> we</c><00:39:49.560><c> can</c><00:39:49.640><c> go</c><00:39:49.760><c> into</c><00:39:49.960><c> that.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2391.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you want, we can go into that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2391.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you want, we can go into that. And<00:39:52.440><c> you</c><00:39:52.520><c> know,</c><00:39:52.960><c> you</c><00:39:53.120><c> guys</c><00:39:53.320><c> talk</c><00:39:53.520><c> about</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2393.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And you know, you guys talk about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2394.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And you know, you guys talk about bending<00:39:54.840><c> the</c><00:39:55.040><c> option</c><00:39:55.400><c> space</c><00:39:56.480><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2397.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bending the option space and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2397.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bending the option space and and<00:39:57.960><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2399.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2399.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and I I<00:39:59.640><c> want</c><00:39:59.880><c> to</c><00:40:00.000><c> say</c><00:40:00.280><c> that</c><00:40:00.680><c> Yeah,</c><00:40:01.200><c> I'm</c><00:40:01.320><c> taking</c><00:40:01.560><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2401.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I want to say that Yeah, I'm taking the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2401.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I want to say that Yeah, I'm taking the notion<00:40:01.920><c> of</c><00:40:02.120><c> space</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2403.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of space"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2403.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notion of space Of<00:40:04.040><c> course,</c><00:40:04.240><c> that</c><00:40:04.360><c> was</c><00:40:04.520><c> metaphorical</c><00:40:05.120><c> when</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2405.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Of course, that was metaphorical when"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2405.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Of course, that was metaphorical when you<00:40:05.280><c> talk</c><00:40:05.400><c> about</c><00:40:05.560><c> bending</c><00:40:05.800><c> the</c><00:40:05.840><c> option</c><00:40:06.080><c> space,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2406.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you talk about bending the option space,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2406.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you talk about bending the option space, but<00:40:06.680><c> there</c><00:40:06.840><c> is</c><00:40:07.000><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2407.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but there is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2407.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but there is a a<00:40:07.680><c> real</c><00:40:07.920><c> sense</c><00:40:08.160><c> in</c><00:40:08.240><c> which</c><00:40:08.400><c> I</c><00:40:08.480><c> want</c><00:40:08.720><c> to</c><00:40:08.840><c> get</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2409.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a real sense in which I want to get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2409.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a real sense in which I want to get space<00:40:09.600><c> and</c><00:40:09.720><c> space-time</c><00:40:10.240><c> itself.</c><00:40:11.200><c> And</c><00:40:11.400><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2411.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space and space-time itself. And what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2411.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space and space-time itself. And what I'm<00:40:11.680><c> working</c><00:40:12.000><c> on</c><00:40:12.640><c> quite</c><00:40:12.920><c> heavily</c><00:40:13.280><c> and</c><00:40:13.440><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2413.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm working on quite heavily and with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2413.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm working on quite heavily and with with<00:40:13.840><c> a</c><00:40:13.880><c> couple</c><00:40:14.160><c> others</c><00:40:14.720><c> is</c><00:40:15.200><c> I</c><00:40:15.360><c> believe</c><00:40:15.920><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2416.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with a couple others is I believe that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2416.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with a couple others is I believe that we<00:40:16.240><c> can</c><00:40:16.480><c> actually</c><00:40:16.920><c> boot</c><00:40:17.200><c> up</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2418.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we can actually boot up"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2418.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we can actually boot up um<00:40:18.680><c> special</c><00:40:19.160><c> and</c><00:40:19.240><c> general</c><00:40:19.520><c> relativity</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2420.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um special and general relativity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2420.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um special and general relativity entirely<00:40:20.760><c> from</c><00:40:21.080><c> the</c><00:40:21.200><c> trace</c><00:40:21.440><c> logic.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2422.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "entirely from the trace logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2422.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "entirely from the trace logic. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2424.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2424.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And so<00:40:24.360><c> that's</c><00:40:24.560><c> that's</c><00:40:24.760><c> the</c><00:40:24.840><c> claim</c><00:40:25.120><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2425.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so that's that's the claim that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2425.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so that's that's the claim that relativistic<00:40:25.840><c> space-time</c><00:40:26.280><c> can</c><00:40:26.480><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2426.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relativistic space-time can be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2426.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relativistic space-time can be constructed<00:40:27.160><c> entirely</c><00:40:28.280><c> from</c><00:40:28.760><c> the</c><00:40:28.880><c> trace</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2429.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "constructed entirely from the trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2429.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "constructed entirely from the trace logic.<00:40:29.520><c> And</c><00:40:29.640><c> this</c><00:40:29.800><c> would</c><00:40:29.920><c> be</c><00:40:30.640><c> then</c><00:40:30.840><c> fulfilling</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2431.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "logic. And this would be then fulfilling"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2431.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "logic. And this would be then fulfilling John<00:40:31.600><c> Wheeler's</c><00:40:32.360><c> goal</c><00:40:32.800><c> that</c><00:40:33.440><c> starting</c><00:40:33.800><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2434.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "John Wheeler's goal that starting with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2434.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "John Wheeler's goal that starting with only<00:40:34.480><c> observer</c><00:40:35.080><c> participants</c><00:40:36.360><c> that</c><00:40:36.560><c> we</c><00:40:36.680><c> can</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2436.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "only observer participants that we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2436.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "only observer participants that we can build<00:40:37.200><c> up</c><00:40:37.480><c> all</c><00:40:37.800><c> of</c><00:40:37.920><c> space-time</c><00:40:38.520><c> physics.</c><00:40:38.960><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2439.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "build up all of space-time physics. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2439.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "build up all of space-time physics. And that's<00:40:39.280><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2440.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2440.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's that's the<00:40:40.440><c> the</c><00:40:40.520><c> goal</c><00:40:40.720><c> of</c><00:40:40.840><c> where</c><00:40:41.000><c> we're</c><00:40:41.120><c> headed.</c><00:40:41.920><c> Um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2442.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the goal of where we're headed. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2442.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the goal of where we're headed. Um and<00:40:42.880><c> I'll</c><00:40:42.960><c> just</c><00:40:43.160><c> give</c><00:40:43.320><c> you</c><00:40:43.480><c> This</c><00:40:43.680><c> will</c><00:40:43.920><c> be</c><00:40:44.040><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2444.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and I'll just give you This will be the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2444.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and I'll just give you This will be the last<00:40:44.360><c> thing</c><00:40:44.520><c> I</c><00:40:44.560><c> do</c><00:40:44.760><c> and</c><00:40:44.840><c> then</c><00:40:44.960><c> we</c><00:40:45.080><c> can</c><00:40:45.240><c> have</c><00:40:45.480><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2445.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "last thing I do and then we can have a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2445.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "last thing I do and then we can have a conversation<00:40:46.160><c> about</c><00:40:46.400><c> it.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2447.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conversation about it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2447.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conversation about it. Just<00:40:47.920><c> to</c><00:40:48.000><c> give</c><00:40:48.160><c> you</c><00:40:48.240><c> a</c><00:40:48.280><c> hint</c><00:40:48.480><c> about</c><00:40:48.720><c> how</c><00:40:48.840><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2449.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Just to give you a hint about how that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2449.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Just to give you a hint about how that would<00:40:49.160><c> happen.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2450.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "would happen."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2450.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "would happen. Um<00:40:50.920><c> it's</c><00:40:51.240><c> standard</c><00:40:51.880><c> in</c><00:40:51.960><c> Markov</c><00:40:52.400><c> chain</c><00:40:52.640><c> theory</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2452.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um it's standard in Markov chain theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2452.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um it's standard in Markov chain theory to<00:40:53.000><c> have</c><00:40:53.160><c> what</c><00:40:53.280><c> are</c><00:40:53.360><c> called</c><00:40:53.720><c> in</c><00:40:54.360><c> um</c><00:40:54.800><c> enhanced</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2455.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to have what are called in um enhanced"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2455.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to have what are called in um enhanced Markov<00:40:55.640><c> chains.</c><00:40:56.040><c> So,</c><00:40:56.520><c> you</c><00:40:56.600><c> have</c><00:40:56.720><c> a</c><00:40:56.760><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2457.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains. So, you have a Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2457.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains. So, you have a Markov chain,<00:40:57.520><c> but</c><00:40:57.640><c> you</c><00:40:57.760><c> also</c><00:40:57.960><c> have</c><00:40:58.040><c> a</c><00:40:58.080><c> counter.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2458.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chain, but you also have a counter."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2458.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chain, but you also have a counter. Every<00:40:59.000><c> time</c><00:40:59.280><c> your</c><00:40:59.400><c> experience</c><00:41:00.560><c> flips,</c><00:41:01.240><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2461.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Every time your experience flips, you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2461.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Every time your experience flips, you know,<00:41:01.400><c> you</c><00:41:01.600><c> you</c><00:41:01.720><c> change</c><00:41:02.360><c> experience,</c><00:41:03.080><c> your</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2463.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, you you change experience, your"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2463.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, you you change experience, your counter<00:41:03.600><c> increments.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2464.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "counter increments."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2464.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "counter increments. So,<00:41:04.880><c> here</c><00:41:05.040><c> I've</c><00:41:05.160><c> got</c><00:41:05.320><c> a</c><00:41:05.400><c> case</c><00:41:05.680><c> where</c><00:41:06.080><c> I've</c><00:41:06.200><c> got</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2466.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, here I've got a case where I've got"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2466.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, here I've got a case where I've got the<00:41:07.160><c> the</c><00:41:07.360><c> the</c><00:41:07.520><c> four</c><00:41:08.520><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2469.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the the four um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2469.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the the four um color<00:41:09.960><c> agent</c><00:41:10.720><c> and</c><00:41:10.920><c> then</c><00:41:11.080><c> there's</c><00:41:11.360><c> the</c><00:41:11.960><c> sub</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2472.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "color agent and then there's the sub"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2472.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "color agent and then there's the sub agent<00:41:12.600><c> of</c><00:41:12.720><c> just</c><00:41:13.120><c> red</c><00:41:13.320><c> and</c><00:41:13.400><c> green.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2474.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "agent of just red and green."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2474.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "agent of just red and green. And<00:41:14.760><c> notice</c><00:41:15.560><c> that</c><00:41:15.960><c> um</c><00:41:16.440><c> each</c><00:41:17.120><c> There's</c><00:41:17.320><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2477.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And notice that um each There's a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2477.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And notice that um each There's a counter<00:41:17.680><c> for</c><00:41:17.800><c> the</c><00:41:17.880><c> red</c><00:41:18.040><c> and</c><00:41:18.120><c> green</c><00:41:18.360><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2478.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "counter for the red and green and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2478.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "counter for the red and green and there's<00:41:18.800><c> a</c><00:41:19.000><c> counter</c><00:41:19.360><c> for</c><00:41:19.640><c> all</c><00:41:19.840><c> four.</c><00:41:20.520><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2480.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there's a counter for all four. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2480.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there's a counter for all four. And notice<00:41:20.920><c> the</c><00:41:21.000><c> counter</c><00:41:21.480><c> on</c><00:41:21.640><c> the</c><00:41:21.760><c> left</c><00:41:22.040><c> is</c><00:41:22.320><c> going</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2482.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notice the counter on the left is going"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2482.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "notice the counter on the left is going much<00:41:22.920><c> faster</c><00:41:23.280><c> than</c><00:41:23.440><c> the</c><00:41:23.520><c> counter</c><00:41:23.880><c> on</c><00:41:23.960><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2484.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "much faster than the counter on the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2484.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "much faster than the counter on the right<00:41:24.360><c> because</c><00:41:25.320><c> it's</c><00:41:25.520><c> seeing</c><00:41:25.840><c> more</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2486.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right because it's seeing more"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2486.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right because it's seeing more experiences."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2488.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experiences."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2488.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experiences. So,<00:41:28.400><c> the</c><00:41:28.520><c> counters</c><00:41:28.920><c> go</c><00:41:29.080><c> at</c><00:41:29.600><c> The</c><00:41:29.720><c> counters</c><00:41:30.200><c> for</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2490.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the counters go at The counters for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2490.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the counters go at The counters for the<00:41:30.520><c> sub</c><00:41:30.960><c> agents</c><00:41:31.560><c> or</c><00:41:31.680><c> so</c><00:41:31.800><c> I'm</c><00:41:31.920><c> sorry,</c><00:41:32.120><c> sub</c><00:41:32.560><c> sub</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2492.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the sub agents or so I'm sorry, sub sub"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2492.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the sub agents or so I'm sorry, sub sub windows,<00:41:33.240><c> sub</c><00:41:33.640><c> sub</c><00:41:33.840><c> observers</c><00:41:34.720><c> are</c><00:41:34.880><c> going</c><00:41:35.320><c> at</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2495.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "windows, sub sub observers are going at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2495.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "windows, sub sub observers are going at a<00:41:35.520><c> slower</c><00:41:35.960><c> rate</c><00:41:36.640><c> than</c><00:41:37.480><c> the</c><00:41:37.960><c> the</c><00:41:38.080><c> ones</c><00:41:38.280><c> above</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2498.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a slower rate than the the ones above"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2498.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a slower rate than the the ones above them.<00:41:38.880><c> So,</c><00:41:39.080><c> if</c><00:41:39.320><c> I'm</c><00:41:39.480><c> less</c><00:41:39.720><c> than</c><00:41:39.880><c> you</c><00:41:40.000><c> in</c><00:41:40.120><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2500.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "them. So, if I'm less than you in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2500.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "them. So, if I'm less than you in the trace<00:41:40.440><c> logic,</c><00:41:40.960><c> my</c><00:41:41.120><c> time</c><00:41:41.480><c> counter</c><00:41:41.840><c> is</c><00:41:42.000><c> going</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2502.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic, my time counter is going"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2502.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic, my time counter is going less<00:41:42.560><c> than</c><00:41:42.760><c> you</c><00:41:43.400><c> than</c><00:41:43.640><c> than</c><00:41:43.840><c> the</c><00:41:43.920><c> one.</c><00:41:44.360><c> So,</c><00:41:44.560><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2504.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "less than you than than the one. So, the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2504.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "less than you than than the one. So, the trace<00:41:45.080><c> logic</c><00:41:46.040><c> also</c><00:41:46.440><c> is</c><00:41:46.600><c> giving</c><00:41:46.880><c> you</c><00:41:47.000><c> a</c><00:41:47.360><c> um</c><00:41:47.880><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2507.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic also is giving you a um a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2507.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic also is giving you a um a relationship<00:41:48.480><c> among</c><00:41:48.720><c> counters</c><00:41:49.400><c> and</c><00:41:49.560><c> that</c><00:41:49.920><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2510.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relationship among counters and that we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2510.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relationship among counters and that we claim<00:41:50.480><c> is</c><00:41:50.960><c> the</c><00:41:51.080><c> time</c><00:41:51.360><c> dilation</c><00:41:52.400><c> of</c><00:41:52.520><c> special</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2512.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "claim is the time dilation of special"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2512.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "claim is the time dilation of special relativity<00:41:53.600><c> and</c><00:41:53.760><c> general</c><00:41:54.000><c> relativity.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2514.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relativity and general relativity."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2514.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relativity and general relativity. That's<00:41:54.800><c> where</c><00:41:54.920><c> it</c><00:41:54.960><c> comes</c><00:41:55.200><c> from.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2516.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's where it comes from."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2516.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's where it comes from. So,<00:41:56.240><c> it's</c><00:41:56.440><c> all</c><00:41:56.680><c> about</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2517.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, it's all about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2517.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, it's all about observer<00:41:58.280><c> windows</c><00:41:59.360><c> and</c><00:41:59.760><c> their</c><00:41:59.880><c> counters.</c><00:42:00.280><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2521.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer windows and their counters. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2521.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer windows and their counters. And it<00:42:01.280><c> turns</c><00:42:01.560><c> out</c><00:42:01.720><c> that</c><00:42:02.160><c> the</c><00:42:02.320><c> distances</c><00:42:03.280><c> can</c><00:42:03.480><c> also</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2523.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it turns out that the distances can also"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2523.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it turns out that the distances can also be<00:42:04.200><c> derived.</c><00:42:04.760><c> And</c><00:42:04.920><c> it</c><00:42:05.040><c> turns</c><00:42:05.280><c> out</c><00:42:05.400><c> that</c><00:42:05.520><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2525.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be derived. And it turns out that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2525.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be derived. And it turns out that the distances<00:42:06.320><c> that</c><00:42:06.520><c> you</c><00:42:06.640><c> will</c><00:42:06.760><c> get</c><00:42:06.960><c> in</c><00:42:07.240><c> in</c><00:42:07.480><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2527.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "distances that you will get in in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2527.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "distances that you will get in in the window"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2528.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "window"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2528.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "window um<00:42:08.880><c> the</c><00:42:09.000><c> trace</c><00:42:09.320><c> window</c><00:42:09.840><c> are</c><00:42:10.040><c> different</c><00:42:10.440><c> than</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2530.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um the trace window are different than"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2530.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um the trace window are different than the<00:42:10.640><c> distances</c><00:42:11.240><c> you'll</c><00:42:11.400><c> get</c><00:42:11.640><c> in</c><00:42:11.760><c> the</c><00:42:11.960><c> in</c><00:42:12.160><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2532.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the distances you'll get in the in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2532.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the distances you'll get in the in the bigger.<00:42:12.960><c> And</c><00:42:13.320><c> so,</c><00:42:13.520><c> we're</c><00:42:13.720><c> we're</c><00:42:14.200><c> This</c><00:42:14.400><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2534.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bigger. And so, we're we're This is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2534.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bigger. And so, we're we're This is where<00:42:14.640><c> we're</c><00:42:14.720><c> hoping</c><00:42:15.000><c> to</c><00:42:15.120><c> get</c><00:42:15.360><c> general</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2535.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "where we're hoping to get general"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2535.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "where we're hoping to get general relativity<00:42:16.400><c> coming</c><00:42:16.680><c> out</c><00:42:16.800><c> of</c><00:42:16.880><c> this.</c><00:42:17.560><c> Just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2537.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relativity coming out of this. Just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2537.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relativity coming out of this. Just simply<00:42:18.240><c> there's</c><00:42:18.520><c> notions</c><00:42:18.880><c> of</c><00:42:19.280><c> um</c><00:42:19.920><c> essentially</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2540.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "simply there's notions of um essentially"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2540.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "simply there's notions of um essentially something<00:42:20.920><c> like</c><00:42:21.080><c> the</c><00:42:21.160><c> commute</c><00:42:21.480><c> time</c><00:42:21.800><c> between</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2542.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something like the commute time between"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2542.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something like the commute time between states."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2543.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "states."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2543.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "states. Uh<00:42:24.120><c> and</c><00:42:24.360><c> and</c><00:42:24.480><c> similar</c><00:42:24.800><c> notions.</c><00:42:25.280><c> The</c><00:42:25.400><c> commute</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2545.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Uh and and similar notions. The commute"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2545.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Uh and and similar notions. The commute time,<00:42:26.200><c> I'll</c><00:42:26.320><c> just</c><00:42:26.520><c> give</c><00:42:26.680><c> you</c><00:42:26.840><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2547.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "time, I'll just give you that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2547.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "time, I'll just give you that concretely.<00:42:27.920><c> It's</c><00:42:28.200><c> the</c><00:42:28.560><c> the</c><00:42:28.760><c> expected</c><00:42:29.360><c> time</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2549.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "concretely. It's the the expected time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2549.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "concretely. It's the the expected time of<00:42:30.360><c> uh</c><00:42:30.400><c> starting</c><00:42:30.880><c> at</c><00:42:30.960><c> green</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2552.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of uh starting at green"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2552.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of uh starting at green um<00:42:33.080><c> getting</c><00:42:33.560><c> to</c><00:42:34.560><c> blue</c><00:42:35.240><c> and</c><00:42:35.400><c> then</c><00:42:35.600><c> back</c><00:42:35.840><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2555.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um getting to blue and then back to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2555.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um getting to blue and then back to green.<00:42:36.240><c> What's</c><00:42:36.400><c> the</c><00:42:36.520><c> expected</c><00:42:37.080><c> number</c><00:42:37.400><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2557.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "green. What's the expected number of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2557.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "green. What's the expected number of steps<00:42:37.840><c> that</c><00:42:37.960><c> I</c><00:42:38.120><c> you</c><00:42:38.200><c> know,</c><00:42:38.520><c> starting</c><00:42:38.840><c> at</c><00:42:38.960><c> green</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2559.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "steps that I you know, starting at green"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2559.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "steps that I you know, starting at green I'll<00:42:39.280><c> get</c><00:42:39.480><c> to</c><00:42:39.600><c> blue</c><00:42:39.840><c> and</c><00:42:39.960><c> then</c><00:42:40.120><c> back</c><00:42:40.520><c> to</c><00:42:40.640><c> green.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2561.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'll get to blue and then back to green."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2561.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'll get to blue and then back to green. And<00:42:42.160><c> it</c><00:42:42.320><c> turns</c><00:42:42.560><c> out</c><00:42:42.680><c> there's</c><00:42:43.160><c> that's</c><00:42:43.840><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2564.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And it turns out there's that's um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2565.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And it turns out there's that's um that<00:42:45.400><c> expected</c><00:42:46.280><c> time</c><00:42:46.640><c> can</c><00:42:46.800><c> be</c><00:42:46.960><c> viewed</c><00:42:47.280><c> as</c><00:42:47.440><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2567.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that expected time can be viewed as the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2567.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that expected time can be viewed as the square<00:42:48.080><c> of</c><00:42:48.200><c> Euclidean</c><00:42:48.680><c> distance.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2569.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "square of Euclidean distance."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2569.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "square of Euclidean distance. So,<00:42:49.960><c> there</c><00:42:50.120><c> are</c><00:42:50.360><c> there</c><00:42:50.600><c> are</c><00:42:50.800><c> canonical</c><00:42:51.360><c> ways</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2571.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, there are there are canonical ways"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2571.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, there are there are canonical ways of<00:42:51.800><c> getting</c><00:42:52.280><c> Euclidean</c><00:42:52.760><c> distances</c><00:42:53.760><c> from</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2574.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of getting Euclidean distances from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2574.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of getting Euclidean distances from commute<00:42:54.800><c> time</c><00:42:55.040><c> properties.</c><00:42:55.520><c> And</c><00:42:55.720><c> And</c><00:42:55.880><c> other</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2576.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "commute time properties. And And other"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2576.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "commute time properties. And And other there<00:42:56.360><c> there</c><00:42:56.520><c> are</c><00:42:57.080><c> Dirichlet</c><00:42:58.240><c> um</c><00:42:58.920><c> measures</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2579.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there there are Dirichlet um measures"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2579.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there there are Dirichlet um measures which<00:42:59.440><c> are</c><00:42:59.520><c> even</c><00:43:00.160><c> more</c><00:43:00.920><c> to</c><00:43:01.080><c> the</c><00:43:01.200><c> point,</c><00:43:01.560><c> but</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2581.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which are even more to the point, but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2581.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which are even more to the point, but more<00:43:02.040><c> complex.</c><00:43:02.640><c> I</c><00:43:02.720><c> won't</c><00:43:02.920><c> go</c><00:43:03.040><c> into</c><00:43:03.200><c> them.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2583.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "more complex. I won't go into them."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2583.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "more complex. I won't go into them. But<00:43:04.040><c> there</c><00:43:04.160><c> are</c><00:43:04.240><c> ways</c><00:43:04.520><c> of</c><00:43:04.640><c> going</c><00:43:04.920><c> from</c><00:43:05.720><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2586.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But there are ways of going from um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2587.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But there are ways of going from um the<00:43:07.120><c> trace</c><00:43:07.440><c> logic</c><00:43:07.880><c> gives</c><00:43:08.400><c> us</c><00:43:09.040><c> effectively</c><00:43:10.040><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2590.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the trace logic gives us effectively the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2590.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the trace logic gives us effectively the time<00:43:10.480><c> dilation</c><00:43:11.000><c> and</c><00:43:11.120><c> length</c><00:43:11.400><c> contractions</c><00:43:12.080><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2592.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "time dilation and length contractions of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2592.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "time dilation and length contractions of special<00:43:12.680><c> and</c><00:43:12.760><c> general</c><00:43:13.040><c> relativity</c><00:43:13.600><c> is</c><00:43:13.720><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2593.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "special and general relativity is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2593.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "special and general relativity is the idea."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2595.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "idea."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2595.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "idea. Um<00:43:15.840><c> so,</c><00:43:16.040><c> time</c><00:43:16.280><c> runs</c><00:43:16.480><c> lower</c><00:43:16.720><c> on</c><00:43:16.800><c> the</c><00:43:16.880><c> trace.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2597.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um so, time runs lower on the trace."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2597.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um so, time runs lower on the trace. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2598.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2598.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um gaps<00:43:19.040><c> between</c><00:43:19.280><c> ticks</c><00:43:19.600><c> are</c><00:43:20.040><c> So,</c><00:43:20.600><c> so</c><00:43:20.880><c> I'm</c><00:43:21.120><c> I'll</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2601.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "gaps between ticks are So, so I'm I'll"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2601.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "gaps between ticks are So, so I'm I'll just<00:43:21.480><c> leave</c><00:43:21.600><c> it</c><00:43:21.680><c> at</c><00:43:21.760><c> that.</c><00:43:21.960><c> I</c><00:43:22.000><c> think</c><00:43:22.720><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2602.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just leave it at that. I think that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2602.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just leave it at that. I think that's enough<00:43:23.200><c> for</c><00:43:23.360><c> us</c><00:43:23.520><c> to</c><00:43:23.800><c> I'll</c><00:43:23.960><c> stop</c><00:43:24.240><c> the</c><00:43:24.320><c> share</c><00:43:24.560><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2604.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "enough for us to I'll stop the share so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2604.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "enough for us to I'll stop the share so we<00:43:24.760><c> can</c><00:43:25.080><c> we</c><00:43:25.200><c> can</c><00:43:25.320><c> talk</c><00:43:25.520><c> about</c><00:43:25.760><c> it.</c><00:43:26.280><c> But</c><00:43:26.400><c> I</c><00:43:26.440><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2606.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we can we can talk about it. But I just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2606.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we can we can talk about it. But I just wanted<00:43:26.760><c> to</c><00:43:26.800><c> give</c><00:43:26.920><c> you</c><00:43:27.000><c> guys</c><00:43:27.560><c> a</c><00:43:27.680><c> feel</c><00:43:28.080><c> and</c><00:43:28.160><c> I</c><00:43:28.240><c> can</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2608.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "wanted to give you guys a feel and I can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2608.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "wanted to give you guys a feel and I can send<00:43:28.680><c> you</c><00:43:28.760><c> guys</c><00:43:28.960><c> some</c><00:43:29.120><c> papers</c><00:43:29.800><c> on</c><00:43:30.040><c> this,</c><00:43:30.280><c> but</c><00:43:30.400><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2610.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "send you guys some papers on this, but I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2610.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "send you guys some papers on this, but I wanted<00:43:30.680><c> us</c><00:43:30.800><c> to</c><00:43:30.880><c> have</c><00:43:31.040><c> a</c><00:43:31.080><c> little</c><00:43:31.280><c> time</c><00:43:31.520><c> to</c><00:43:31.600><c> talk</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2611.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "wanted us to have a little time to talk"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2611.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "wanted us to have a little time to talk about<00:43:32.840><c> This</c><00:43:33.120><c> is</c><00:43:33.280><c> just</c><00:43:33.560><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2614.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about This is just a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2614.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about This is just a We<00:43:34.480><c> haven't</c><00:43:34.680><c> solved</c><00:43:34.960><c> the</c><00:43:35.040><c> agency</c><00:43:35.360><c> framework</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2615.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We haven't solved the agency framework"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2615.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We haven't solved the agency framework the<00:43:35.960><c> agency</c><00:43:36.680><c> thing.</c><00:43:37.080><c> What</c><00:43:37.200><c> we've</c><00:43:37.360><c> got</c><00:43:37.560><c> is</c><00:43:37.680><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2617.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the agency thing. What we've got is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2617.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the agency thing. What we've got is a language<00:43:38.680><c> now</c><00:43:39.440><c> that's</c><00:43:39.960><c> principled</c><00:43:40.960><c> for</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2621.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "language now that's principled for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2621.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "language now that's principled for talking<00:43:41.840><c> about</c><00:43:42.120><c> agency.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2625.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah,<00:43:45.200><c> thanks</c><00:43:45.440><c> very</c><00:43:45.560><c> much,</c><00:43:45.760><c> Don.</c><00:43:45.920><c> That</c><00:43:46.000><c> was</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2626.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, thanks very much, Don. That was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2626.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, thanks very much, Don. That was amazing.<00:43:47.200><c> Um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2628.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "amazing. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2628.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "amazing. Um Uh<00:43:48.760><c> I</c><00:43:49.000><c> I</c><00:43:49.080><c> have</c><00:43:49.200><c> a</c><00:43:49.720><c> question</c><00:43:50.160><c> that</c><00:43:50.320><c> I</c><00:43:50.360><c> can</c><00:43:50.560><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2630.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Uh I I have a question that I can the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2630.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Uh I I have a question that I can the general<00:43:51.080><c> question.</c><00:43:51.720><c> What</c><00:43:51.840><c> do</c><00:43:51.920><c> What</c><00:43:52.040><c> do</c><00:43:52.080><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2632.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "general question. What do What do you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2632.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "general question. What do What do you make<00:43:52.440><c> of</c><00:43:52.520><c> the</c><00:43:52.600><c> fact</c><00:43:52.920><c> that</c><00:43:53.400><c> you're</c><00:43:53.680><c> apparently</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2634.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "make of the fact that you're apparently"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2634.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "make of the fact that you're apparently pulling<00:43:54.960><c> out</c><00:43:55.360><c> descriptions</c><00:43:55.960><c> of</c><00:43:56.080><c> physics</c><00:43:56.680><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2636.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pulling out descriptions of physics and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2636.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pulling out descriptions of physics and descriptions<00:43:57.400><c> of</c><00:43:57.520><c> agency</c><00:43:58.000><c> out</c><00:43:58.160><c> of</c><00:43:58.240><c> the</c><00:43:58.359><c> same</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2639.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "descriptions of agency out of the same"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2639.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "descriptions of agency out of the same starting<00:44:00.359><c> starting</c><00:44:00.720><c> material?</c><00:44:01.680><c> Does</c><00:44:01.840><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2642.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "starting starting material? Does that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2642.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "starting starting material? Does that I<00:44:03.280><c> think</c><00:44:04.000><c> Well,</c><00:44:04.280><c> you</c><00:44:04.359><c> know,</c><00:44:04.440><c> something</c><00:44:04.760><c> I've</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2644.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I think Well, you know, something I've"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2644.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I think Well, you know, something I've been<00:44:04.960><c> saying</c><00:44:05.200><c> for</c><00:44:05.320><c> quite</c><00:44:05.480><c> a</c><00:44:05.560><c> while</c><00:44:05.840><c> is</c><00:44:05.920><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2646.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "been saying for quite a while is that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2646.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "been saying for quite a while is that space-time's<00:44:06.520><c> just</c><00:44:06.760><c> a</c><00:44:06.800><c> headset.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2648.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time's just a headset."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2648.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time's just a headset. And<00:44:08.880><c> we're</c><00:44:09.000><c> we're</c><00:44:09.480><c> effectively</c><00:44:10.000><c> saying</c><00:44:10.240><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2650.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And we're we're effectively saying we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2650.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And we're we're effectively saying we can<00:44:10.480><c> build</c><00:44:10.680><c> the</c><00:44:10.760><c> headset.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2652.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can build the headset."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2652.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can build the headset. Space-time<00:44:12.840><c> is</c><00:44:13.080><c> is</c><00:44:13.280><c> not</c><00:44:14.000><c> the</c><00:44:14.600><c> reality</c><00:44:15.240><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2655.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Space-time is is not the reality that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2655.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Space-time is is not the reality that's independent<00:44:15.920><c> of</c><00:44:16.040><c> us</c><00:44:16.200><c> then</c><00:44:16.359><c> we're</c><00:44:16.520><c> little</c><00:44:16.800><c> tiny</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2657.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "independent of us then we're little tiny"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2657.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "independent of us then we're little tiny little"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2657.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "little"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2657.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "little There<00:44:18.040><c> you</c><00:44:18.120><c> go.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2658.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "There you go."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2658.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "There you go. Our<00:44:19.080><c> our</c><00:44:19.200><c> typical</c><00:44:19.560><c> view</c><00:44:19.800><c> is,</c><00:44:20.160><c> you</c><00:44:20.200><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2660.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Our our typical view is, you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2660.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Our our typical view is, you know, Hoffman<00:44:20.680><c> is</c><00:44:20.840><c> this</c><00:44:21.040><c> tiny</c><00:44:21.600><c> little</c><00:44:22.280><c> 160-lb</c><00:44:23.440><c> thing</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2663.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Hoffman is this tiny little 160-lb thing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2663.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Hoffman is this tiny little 160-lb thing inside<00:44:24.120><c> of</c><00:44:24.240><c> massive</c><00:44:24.760><c> massive</c><00:44:25.520><c> space-time</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2666.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "inside of massive massive space-time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2666.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "inside of massive massive space-time universe.<00:44:27.040><c> And</c><00:44:27.359><c> I'm</c><00:44:27.480><c> saying,</c><00:44:27.720><c> \"No,</c><00:44:27.800><c> no,</c><00:44:27.920><c> no.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2668.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "universe. And I'm saying, \"No, no, no."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2668.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "universe. And I'm saying, \"No, no, no. This<00:44:28.600><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2669.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "This that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2669.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "This that's What<00:44:29.840><c> we</c><00:44:29.960><c> call</c><00:44:30.160><c> Hoffman</c><00:44:30.440><c> is</c><00:44:30.520><c> just</c><00:44:30.720><c> an</c><00:44:30.840><c> avatar</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2671.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What we call Hoffman is just an avatar"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2671.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What we call Hoffman is just an avatar inside<00:44:32.240><c> a</c><00:44:32.400><c> a</c><00:44:32.480><c> space-time</c><00:44:32.960><c> headset</c><00:44:33.359><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2673.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "inside a a space-time headset that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2673.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "inside a a space-time headset that's being<00:44:33.760><c> created</c><00:44:34.080><c> by</c><00:44:34.200><c> consciousness.\"</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2679.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And<00:44:39.640><c> the</c><00:44:39.760><c> proof</c><00:44:40.000><c> of</c><00:44:40.080><c> the</c><00:44:40.160><c> pudding</c><00:44:40.480><c> is,</c><00:44:40.680><c> can</c><00:44:40.840><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2680.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And the proof of the pudding is, can we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2680.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And the proof of the pudding is, can we build<00:44:41.200><c> the</c><00:44:41.280><c> headset?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2682.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "build the headset?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2682.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "build the headset? Right?<00:44:42.880><c> So,</c><00:44:43.080><c> the</c><00:44:43.280><c> idea</c><00:44:43.720><c> is</c><00:44:44.240><c> that</c><00:44:44.880><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2685.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right? So, the idea is that that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2685.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right? So, the idea is that that space-time<00:44:46.560><c> What</c><00:44:46.680><c> we</c><00:44:46.800><c> have</c><00:44:47.320><c> for</c><00:44:47.480><c> the</c><00:44:47.760><c> for</c><00:44:47.920><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2688.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time What we have for the for this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2689.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time What we have for the for this approach<00:44:49.359><c> to</c><00:44:49.480><c> go</c><00:44:49.600><c> through,</c><00:44:50.280><c> we</c><00:44:50.400><c> have</c><00:44:50.520><c> to</c><00:44:50.600><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2690.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "approach to go through, we have to be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2690.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "approach to go through, we have to be able<00:44:50.840><c> to</c><00:44:50.920><c> show</c><00:44:51.080><c> that</c><00:44:51.200><c> we</c><00:44:51.320><c> can</c><00:44:51.440><c> get</c><00:44:51.640><c> special</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2691.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "able to show that we can get special"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2692.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "able to show that we can get special relativity,<00:44:52.720><c> no</c><00:44:52.920><c> hand</c><00:44:53.160><c> wave,</c><00:44:53.880><c> just</c><00:44:54.320><c> from</c><00:44:54.960><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2695.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relativity, no hand wave, just from the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2695.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "relativity, no hand wave, just from the trace<00:44:55.280><c> logic.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2696.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2696.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic. And<00:44:57.640><c> also</c><00:44:57.960><c> general</c><00:44:58.240><c> relativity</c><00:44:58.840><c> and</c><00:44:59.040><c> quantum</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2699.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And also general relativity and quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2699.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And also general relativity and quantum theory.<00:45:00.000><c> We</c><00:45:00.160><c> we</c><00:45:00.240><c> have</c><00:45:00.359><c> to</c><00:45:00.440><c> be</c><00:45:00.480><c> able</c><00:45:00.600><c> to</c><00:45:00.680><c> show</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2700.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory. We we have to be able to show"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2700.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory. We we have to be able to show that<00:45:01.040><c> we</c><00:45:01.160><c> can</c><00:45:01.320><c> get</c><00:45:02.200><c> entanglement</c><00:45:02.880><c> and</c><00:45:03.000><c> all</c><00:45:03.160><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2703.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that we can get entanglement and all of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2703.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that we can get entanglement and all of this<00:45:03.359><c> stuff</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2704.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this stuff"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2704.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this stuff simply<00:45:05.120><c> from</c><00:45:06.240><c> from</c><00:45:06.960><c> the</c><00:45:07.080><c> trace</c><00:45:07.320><c> logic</c><00:45:07.600><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2707.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "simply from from the trace logic and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2707.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "simply from from the trace logic and Markov<00:45:07.960><c> chain.</c><00:45:08.320><c> Now,</c><00:45:08.520><c> one</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2709.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chain. Now, one"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2709.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chain. Now, one one<00:45:10.480><c> objection</c><00:45:10.960><c> that</c><00:45:11.120><c> someone</c><00:45:11.480><c> might</c><00:45:11.680><c> have</c><00:45:11.880><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2711.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one objection that someone might have is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2712.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one objection that someone might have is to<00:45:12.120><c> say,</c><00:45:12.280><c> \"Look,</c><00:45:12.880><c> Markov</c><00:45:13.280><c> chains</c><00:45:13.560><c> they're</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2713.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to say, \"Look, Markov chains they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2713.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to say, \"Look, Markov chains they're they're<00:45:14.440><c> you</c><00:45:14.480><c> know,</c><00:45:14.840><c> in</c><00:45:14.960><c> quantum</c><00:45:15.240><c> theory</c><00:45:15.440><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2715.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they're you know, in quantum theory we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2715.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they're you know, in quantum theory we have<00:45:15.680><c> unitary</c><00:45:16.120><c> matrices.</c><00:45:17.160><c> You</c><00:45:17.240><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2718.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have unitary matrices. You know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2718.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have unitary matrices. You know, what<00:45:18.320><c> are</c><00:45:18.400><c> you</c><00:45:18.480><c> dealing</c><00:45:18.800><c> with?</c><00:45:18.920><c> You</c><00:45:19.120><c> just</c><00:45:19.359><c> have</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2719.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what are you dealing with? You just have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2719.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what are you dealing with? You just have Markov<00:45:20.280><c> matrices.</c><00:45:20.760><c> You</c><00:45:20.840><c> don't</c><00:45:20.960><c> have</c><00:45:21.120><c> these</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2721.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov matrices. You don't have these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2721.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov matrices. You don't have these nice<00:45:21.520><c> unitary</c><00:45:21.960><c> matrices.</c><00:45:22.480><c> So,</c><00:45:23.000><c> how</c><00:45:23.080><c> you</c><00:45:23.160><c> going</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2723.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "nice unitary matrices. So, how you going"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2723.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "nice unitary matrices. So, how you going to<00:45:23.359><c> do</c><00:45:23.480><c> that?\"</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2724.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to do that?\""
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2724.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to do that?\" And<00:45:25.280><c> uh</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2726.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2726.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And uh the<00:45:27.080><c> idea</c><00:45:27.440><c> is</c><00:45:28.280><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2729.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the idea is um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2729.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the idea is um most<00:45:30.040><c> Markov</c><00:45:30.359><c> matrices</c><00:45:30.840><c> are</c><00:45:30.880><c> not</c><00:45:31.080><c> unitary,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2731.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "most Markov matrices are not unitary,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2731.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "most Markov matrices are not unitary, but<00:45:32.040><c> there</c><00:45:32.200><c> are</c><00:45:32.320><c> some</c><00:45:32.600><c> that</c><00:45:32.720><c> are.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2733.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but there are some that are."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2733.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but there are some that are. Um<00:45:34.240><c> they</c><00:45:34.440><c> they</c><00:45:34.720><c> are</c><00:45:34.880><c> measures</c><00:45:35.240><c> There</c><00:45:35.359><c> are</c><00:45:35.440><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2735.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um they they are measures There are a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2735.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um they they are measures There are a subset<00:45:36.120><c> of</c><00:45:36.240><c> the</c><00:45:36.320><c> Markov</c><00:45:36.640><c> matrices</c><00:45:37.080><c> that</c><00:45:37.240><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2737.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "subset of the Markov matrices that are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2737.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "subset of the Markov matrices that are unitary.<00:45:38.280><c> And</c><00:45:38.720><c> when</c><00:45:38.880><c> you</c><00:45:39.040><c> look</c><00:45:39.400><c> at</c><00:45:39.600><c> the</c><00:45:40.359><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2741.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitary. And when you look at the um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2741.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitary. And when you look at the um long-term<00:45:42.400><c> behavior</c><00:45:43.440><c> of</c><00:45:43.600><c> a</c><00:45:43.640><c> Markov</c><00:45:44.040><c> matrix</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2745.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "long-term behavior of a Markov matrix"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2745.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "long-term behavior of a Markov matrix the<00:45:45.400><c> asymptotic</c><00:45:45.960><c> behavior,</c><00:45:46.960><c> it</c><00:45:47.080><c> turns</c><00:45:47.440><c> out</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2747.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the asymptotic behavior, it turns out"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2747.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the asymptotic behavior, it turns out that<00:45:48.120><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2748.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2749.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that the the<00:45:49.040><c> way</c><00:45:49.160><c> that</c><00:45:49.400><c> you</c><00:45:49.600><c> the</c><00:45:49.800><c> eigen</c><00:45:50.120><c> functions</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2751.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the way that you the eigen functions"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2751.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the way that you the eigen functions um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2753.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2753.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um This<00:45:53.520><c> is</c><00:45:53.600><c> now</c><00:45:53.720><c> when</c><00:45:53.840><c> we</c><00:45:53.920><c> go</c><00:45:54.040><c> to</c><00:45:54.160><c> those</c><00:45:54.320><c> enhanced</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2754.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "This is now when we go to those enhanced"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2754.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "This is now when we go to those enhanced Markov<00:45:55.160><c> chains.</c><00:45:55.520><c> And</c><00:45:55.600><c> this</c><00:45:55.760><c> is</c><00:45:56.240><c> work</c><00:45:56.440><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2756.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains. And this is work that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2756.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains. And this is work that Chetan<00:45:56.960><c> and</c><00:45:57.080><c> I</c><00:45:57.160><c> did</c><00:45:57.400><c> back</c><00:45:57.560><c> in</c><00:45:57.680><c> 2014.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2759.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Chetan and I did back in 2014."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2759.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Chetan and I did back in 2014. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2760.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2760.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um Chetan<00:46:00.600><c> discovered</c><00:46:01.400><c> that</c><00:46:01.880><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2762.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Chetan discovered that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2763.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Chetan discovered that the eigen<00:46:03.359><c> functions</c><00:46:04.040><c> of</c><00:46:04.240><c> the</c><00:46:04.400><c> enhanced</c><00:46:04.840><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2765.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "eigen functions of the enhanced Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2765.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "eigen functions of the enhanced Markov chains<00:46:05.880><c> are</c><00:46:06.160><c> identical</c><00:46:07.240><c> in</c><00:46:07.400><c> form</c><00:46:08.240><c> to</c><00:46:08.560><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2769.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chains are identical in form to the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2769.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chains are identical in form to the quantum<00:46:10.040><c> wave</c><00:46:10.320><c> functions</c><00:46:10.920><c> of</c><00:46:11.040><c> free</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2771.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum wave functions of free"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2771.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum wave functions of free particles.<00:46:12.200><c> Identical.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2773.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "particles. Identical."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2773.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "particles. Identical. So,<00:46:13.680><c> the</c><00:46:13.840><c> idea</c><00:46:14.640><c> is</c><00:46:14.800><c> going</c><00:46:15.000><c> to</c><00:46:15.120><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2776.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the idea is going to be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2776.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the idea is going to be that<00:46:16.520><c> quantum</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2777.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2777.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that quantum theory<00:46:18.720><c> arises</c><00:46:20.040><c> as</c><00:46:20.720><c> an</c><00:46:21.040><c> asymptotic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2781.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory arises as an asymptotic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2782.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory arises as an asymptotic description"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2783.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "description"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2783.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "description of<00:46:23.760><c> a</c><00:46:23.800><c> Markov</c><00:46:24.280><c> dynamics.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2785.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of a Markov dynamics."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2786.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of a Markov dynamics. So,<00:46:26.120><c> the</c><00:46:26.200><c> Markov</c><00:46:26.600><c> dynamics</c><00:46:27.120><c> gives</c><00:46:27.400><c> you</c><00:46:27.800><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2787.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the Markov dynamics gives you a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2787.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the Markov dynamics gives you a step-by-step-by-step"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2789.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "step-by-step-by-step"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2789.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "step-by-step-by-step analysis<00:46:30.680><c> of</c><00:46:30.920><c> agency</c><00:46:31.640><c> and</c><00:46:31.800><c> consciousness.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2793.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "analysis of agency and consciousness."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2793.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "analysis of agency and consciousness. Quantum<00:46:33.680><c> theory</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2795.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Quantum theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2795.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Quantum theory only<00:46:35.640><c> gives</c><00:46:35.960><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2797.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "only gives you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2797.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "only gives you the<00:46:37.359><c> asymptotic</c><00:46:38.080><c> behavior,</c><00:46:38.760><c> not</c><00:46:39.160><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2799.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the asymptotic behavior, not the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2799.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the asymptotic behavior, not the step-by-step<00:46:40.000><c> behavior.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2801.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "step-by-step behavior."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2801.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "step-by-step behavior. So,<00:46:42.200><c> that's</c><00:46:42.480><c> going</c><00:46:42.600><c> to</c><00:46:42.680><c> be</c><00:46:43.000><c> that's</c><00:46:43.280><c> going</c><00:46:43.400><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2803.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's going to be that's going to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2803.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's going to be that's going to be<00:46:43.680><c> the</c><00:46:44.040><c> the</c><00:46:44.320><c> the</c><00:46:44.440><c> connection.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2805.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be the the the connection."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2805.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be the the the connection. Again,<00:46:45.960><c> this</c><00:46:46.160><c> is</c><00:46:46.280><c> all</c><00:46:46.480><c> a</c><00:46:46.520><c> matter</c><00:46:46.800><c> of</c><00:46:46.920><c> theorem</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2807.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Again, this is all a matter of theorem"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2807.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Again, this is all a matter of theorem and<00:46:47.320><c> proof.</c><00:46:47.760><c> This</c><00:46:47.960><c> is</c><00:46:48.120><c> you</c><00:46:48.240><c> know,</c><00:46:48.880><c> either</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2809.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and proof. This is you know, either"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2809.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and proof. This is you know, either we're<00:46:49.280><c> right</c><00:46:49.480><c> or</c><00:46:49.560><c> we're</c><00:46:49.680><c> wrong.</c><00:46:50.160><c> This</c><00:46:50.400><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2810.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we're right or we're wrong. This is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2810.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we're right or we're wrong. This is theorem<00:46:50.800><c> and</c><00:46:50.920><c> proof</c><00:46:51.520><c> or</c><00:46:51.720><c> theorem</c><00:46:52.000><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2812.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theorem and proof or theorem and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2812.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theorem and proof or theorem and disproof."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2813.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "disproof."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2813.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "disproof. Now,<00:46:53.400><c> one</c><00:46:53.640><c> one</c><00:46:53.800><c> might</c><00:46:53.960><c> say,</c><00:46:54.160><c> \"Well,</c><00:46:54.520><c> um</c><00:46:54.760><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2814.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now, one one might say, \"Well, um you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2814.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now, one one might say, \"Well, um you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2815.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2815.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, you<00:46:55.960><c> have</c><00:46:56.200><c> the</c><00:46:56.280><c> no-cloning</c><00:46:56.760><c> theorem</c><00:46:57.359><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2817.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you have the no-cloning theorem in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2817.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you have the no-cloning theorem in quantum<00:46:57.880><c> theory.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2819.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum theory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2819.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum theory. You<00:46:59.240><c> know,</c><00:46:59.359><c> what</c><00:46:59.520><c> about</c><00:46:59.760><c> that</c><00:46:59.960><c> in</c><00:47:00.040><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2820.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "You know, what about that in Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2820.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "You know, what about that in Markov chains<00:47:01.200><c> and</c><00:47:01.359><c> so</c><00:47:01.520><c> forth?\"</c><00:47:02.200><c> And</c><00:47:02.400><c> it</c><00:47:02.480><c> turns</c><00:47:02.800><c> out</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2823.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chains and so forth?\" And it turns out"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2823.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chains and so forth?\" And it turns out if<00:47:03.320><c> you</c><00:47:03.400><c> look</c><00:47:03.560><c> carefully</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2824.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if you look carefully"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2824.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if you look carefully at<00:47:04.800><c> the</c><00:47:05.320><c> look</c><00:47:05.720><c> no-cloning</c><00:47:06.200><c> theorem,</c><00:47:06.920><c> the</c><00:47:07.359><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2827.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "at the look no-cloning theorem, the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2827.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "at the look no-cloning theorem, the the proof<00:47:07.680><c> of</c><00:47:07.800><c> it</c><00:47:08.120><c> does</c><00:47:08.280><c> not</c><00:47:08.480><c> require</c><00:47:08.800><c> unitarity.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2829.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "proof of it does not require unitarity."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2829.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "proof of it does not require unitarity. It<00:47:09.560><c> only</c><00:47:09.760><c> requires</c><00:47:10.240><c> linearity.</c><00:47:11.200><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2831.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It only requires linearity. Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2831.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It only requires linearity. Markov chains<00:47:11.840><c> are</c><00:47:11.920><c> linear</c><00:47:12.520><c> and</c><00:47:12.680><c> they</c><00:47:12.800><c> have</c><00:47:12.960><c> their</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2833.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chains are linear and they have their"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2833.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chains are linear and they have their own<00:47:13.280><c> no-cloning</c><00:47:13.720><c> theorem.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2840.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So,<00:47:20.120><c> I</c><00:47:20.200><c> see</c><00:47:20.359><c> no</c><00:47:20.480><c> obstruction</c><00:47:21.000><c> right</c><00:47:21.160><c> now.</c><00:47:21.480><c> We</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2841.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I see no obstruction right now. We"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2841.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I see no obstruction right now. We just<00:47:21.800><c> have</c><00:47:21.960><c> to</c><00:47:22.040><c> do</c><00:47:22.160><c> the</c><00:47:22.280><c> hard</c><00:47:22.520><c> work,</c><00:47:22.720><c> but</c><00:47:22.880><c> I</c><00:47:22.960><c> see</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2843.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just have to do the hard work, but I see"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2843.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just have to do the hard work, but I see we<00:47:23.359><c> have</c><00:47:23.520><c> a</c><00:47:23.920><c> a</c><00:47:24.000><c> principled</c><00:47:24.440><c> notion</c><00:47:24.720><c> of</c><00:47:24.800><c> agency.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2845.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we have a a principled notion of agency."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2845.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we have a a principled notion of agency. And<00:47:26.720><c> it</c><00:47:27.120><c> it</c><00:47:27.320><c> shows</c><00:47:27.680><c> us</c><00:47:27.800><c> how</c><00:47:28.040><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2849.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And it it shows us how the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2849.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And it it shows us how the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2850.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2850.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the nested<00:47:31.680><c> community</c><00:47:32.240><c> structure</c><00:47:33.320><c> can</c><00:47:33.520><c> give</c><00:47:33.760><c> us</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2853.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "nested community structure can give us"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2854.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "nested community structure can give us nested"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2855.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "nested"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2855.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "nested goals<00:47:36.320><c> and</c><00:47:37.080><c> bending,</c><00:47:37.640><c> you</c><00:47:37.720><c> know,</c><00:47:38.200><c> nested</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2858.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "goals and bending, you know, nested"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2858.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "goals and bending, you know, nested bending<00:47:39.120><c> of</c><00:47:39.320><c> problem</c><00:47:39.720><c> spaces.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2861.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bending of problem spaces."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2861.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bending of problem spaces. And<00:47:41.480><c> we</c><00:47:41.600><c> can</c><00:47:41.800><c> actually</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2863.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And we can actually"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2863.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And we can actually not<00:47:43.680><c> only</c><00:47:43.840><c> talk</c><00:47:44.080><c> about</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2864.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "not only talk about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2864.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "not only talk about metaphorically<00:47:45.480><c> about</c><00:47:45.720><c> bending</c><00:47:46.080><c> the</c><00:47:46.200><c> problem</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2866.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "metaphorically about bending the problem"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2866.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "metaphorically about bending the problem spaces,<00:47:47.359><c> we</c><00:47:47.520><c> actually</c><00:47:47.800><c> can</c><00:47:47.960><c> show</c><00:47:48.480><c> I</c><00:47:48.720><c> I</c><00:47:48.800><c> think</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2868.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "spaces, we actually can show I I think"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2869.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "spaces, we actually can show I I think we'll<00:47:49.120><c> be</c><00:47:49.200><c> able</c><00:47:49.320><c> to</c><00:47:49.400><c> show</c><00:47:49.920><c> that</c><00:47:50.200><c> we</c><00:47:50.359><c> can</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2870.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we'll be able to show that we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2870.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we'll be able to show that we can actually<00:47:51.240><c> have</c><00:47:51.680><c> real</c><00:47:52.120><c> space-time</c><00:47:52.840><c> curved</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2873.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "actually have real space-time curved"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2873.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "actually have real space-time curved representations<00:47:54.600><c> of</c><00:47:54.760><c> bending,</c><00:47:55.200><c> you</c><00:47:55.280><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2875.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "representations of bending, you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2875.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "representations of bending, you know, general<00:47:55.760><c> relativistic</c><00:47:56.560><c> descriptions</c><00:47:57.640><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2877.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "general relativistic descriptions of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2877.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "general relativistic descriptions of bending."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2881.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Mike,<00:48:01.760><c> may</c><00:48:02.000><c> may</c><00:48:02.240><c> I</c><00:48:02.280><c> share</c><00:48:02.920><c> you</c><00:48:03.080><c> you</c><00:48:03.280><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2883.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Mike, may may I share you you you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2883.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Mike, may may I share you you you remember<00:48:03.880><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2884.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "remember the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2884.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "remember the the<00:48:05.440><c> we</c><00:48:05.600><c> were</c><00:48:05.760><c> taking</c><00:48:06.080><c> this</c><00:48:06.280><c> project</c><00:48:06.760><c> and</c><00:48:06.920><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2887.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the we were taking this project and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2887.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the we were taking this project and and embedding<00:48:07.600><c> it</c><00:48:07.720><c> in</c><00:48:07.840><c> into</c><00:48:08.040><c> the</c><00:48:08.359><c> variational</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2889.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "embedding it in into the variational"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2889.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "embedding it in into the variational free<00:48:09.600><c> energy</c><00:48:09.800><c> principle</c><00:48:10.280><c> and</c><00:48:10.480><c> all</c><00:48:10.640><c> that.</c><00:48:10.880><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2891.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "free energy principle and all that. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2891.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "free energy principle and all that. So, may<00:48:11.400><c> I</c><00:48:11.440><c> share</c><00:48:11.680><c> now</c><00:48:11.880><c> the</c><00:48:12.040><c> the</c><00:48:12.160><c> screen</c><00:48:12.600><c> to</c><00:48:13.320><c> to</c><00:48:13.440><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2893.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "may I share now the the screen to to to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2893.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "may I share now the the screen to to to show<00:48:13.840><c> Don</c><00:48:14.120><c> and</c><00:48:14.359><c> and</c><00:48:14.600><c> Chetan</c><00:48:14.920><c> what</c><00:48:15.440><c> what</c><00:48:15.640><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2895.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "show Don and and Chetan what what we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2895.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "show Don and and Chetan what what we already<00:48:16.040><c> have?</c><00:48:16.720><c> I</c><00:48:16.760><c> mean,</c><00:48:17.359><c> mind</c><00:48:17.680><c> you</c><00:48:17.840><c> all,</c><00:48:18.080><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2898.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "already have? I mean, mind you all, we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2898.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "already have? I mean, mind you all, we This<00:48:19.040><c> is</c><00:48:19.320><c> work</c><00:48:19.640><c> from</c><00:48:19.960><c> 1</c><00:48:20.120><c> year</c><00:48:20.240><c> ago.</c><00:48:20.440><c> We</c><00:48:20.560><c> still</c><00:48:21.080><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2901.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "This is work from 1 year ago. We still I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2901.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "This is work from 1 year ago. We still I still<00:48:21.640><c> didn't</c><00:48:21.840><c> get</c><00:48:22.040><c> to</c><00:48:22.720><c> to</c><00:48:23.680><c> develop</c><00:48:24.160><c> it</c><00:48:24.280><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2904.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "still didn't get to to develop it in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2904.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "still didn't get to to develop it in full.<00:48:24.760><c> It's,</c><00:48:25.520><c> let's</c><00:48:25.760><c> say,</c><00:48:26.000><c> maybe</c><00:48:26.359><c> 80%</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2908.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "full. It's, let's say, maybe 80%"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2908.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "full. It's, let's say, maybe 80% done.<00:48:28.840><c> So,</c><00:48:29.600><c> on</c><00:48:29.760><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2911.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "done. So, on the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2911.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "done. So, on the on<00:48:31.200><c> the</c><00:48:31.320><c> left</c><00:48:31.640><c> you</c><00:48:31.840><c> you</c><00:48:32.000><c> see</c><00:48:32.680><c> this</c><00:48:32.920><c> book.</c><00:48:33.280><c> This</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2913.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "on the left you you see this book. This"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2913.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "on the left you you see this book. This will<00:48:33.640><c> come</c><00:48:33.880><c> soon.</c><00:48:34.200><c> It's</c><00:48:34.359><c> Karl's</c><00:48:34.840><c> book</c><00:48:35.240><c> on</c><00:48:35.800><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2915.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "will come soon. It's Karl's book on the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2915.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "will come soon. It's Karl's book on the free<00:48:36.080><c> energy</c><00:48:36.280><c> principle</c><00:48:36.600><c> on</c><00:48:36.640><c> the</c><00:48:36.720><c> nature</c><00:48:37.000><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2917.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "free energy principle on the nature of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2917.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "free energy principle on the nature of things.<00:48:37.440><c> It's</c><00:48:37.640><c> It's</c><00:48:38.200><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2919.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "things. It's It's the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2919.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "things. It's It's the uh<00:48:39.440><c> the</c><00:48:39.600><c> big</c><00:48:40.600><c> a</c><00:48:40.680><c> big</c><00:48:40.880><c> monograph</c><00:48:41.760><c> monographs</c><00:48:42.640><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2924.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh the big a big monograph monographs of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2924.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh the big a big monograph monographs of the<00:48:45.120><c> latest</c><00:48:45.600><c> version,</c><00:48:46.359><c> I</c><00:48:46.760><c> suspect.</c><00:48:47.800><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2929.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the latest version, I suspect. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2929.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the latest version, I suspect. So, uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2930.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2930.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh Yeah.<00:48:50.440><c> We</c><00:48:50.680><c> didn't</c><00:48:51.520><c> we</c><00:48:51.640><c> didn't</c><00:48:51.960><c> push</c><00:48:52.320><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2932.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. We didn't we didn't push this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2932.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. We didn't we didn't push this paper"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2933.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "paper"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2933.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "paper because<00:48:54.680><c> I</c><00:48:54.760><c> also</c><00:48:55.080><c> wanted</c><00:48:55.440><c> to</c><00:48:55.520><c> have</c><00:48:55.720><c> access</c><00:48:56.080><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2936.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because I also wanted to have access to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2936.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because I also wanted to have access to the<00:48:56.520><c> latest</c><00:48:56.880><c> form</c><00:48:57.120><c> of</c><00:48:57.240><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2938.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the latest form of this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2938.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the latest form of this before<00:48:58.800><c> we</c><00:48:58.960><c> would</c><00:48:59.160><c> push.</c><00:48:59.480><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2940.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "before we would push. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2940.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "before we would push. So, the<00:49:01.160><c> synthesis</c><00:49:01.640><c> paper</c><00:49:02.400><c> had</c><00:49:03.080><c> on</c><00:49:03.440><c> only</c><00:49:03.720><c> a</c><00:49:03.800><c> few</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2945.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the synthesis paper had on only a few"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2945.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the synthesis paper had on only a few uh<00:49:05.600><c> dropped</c><00:49:05.960><c> names</c><00:49:06.480><c> of</c><00:49:07.160><c> uh</c><00:49:07.520><c> variational</c><00:49:08.040><c> free</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2948.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh dropped names of uh variational free"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2948.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh dropped names of uh variational free energy<00:49:08.600><c> and</c><00:49:08.800><c> and</c><00:49:09.040><c> and</c><00:49:09.320><c> and</c><00:49:09.520><c> the</c><00:49:09.680><c> decomposable</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2950.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "energy and and and and the decomposable"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2951.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "energy and and and and the decomposable way<00:49:11.040><c> in</c><00:49:11.160><c> which</c><00:49:11.320><c> you</c><00:49:11.400><c> can</c><00:49:11.720><c> assess</c><00:49:12.080><c> intelligence</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2952.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "way in which you can assess intelligence"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2952.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "way in which you can assess intelligence and<00:49:13.040><c> and</c><00:49:13.280><c> true</c><00:49:14.040><c> scale-free</c><00:49:15.400><c> quantification</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2956.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and and true scale-free quantification"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2956.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and and true scale-free quantification and<00:49:16.400><c> and</c><00:49:16.600><c> and</c><00:49:16.800><c> and</c><00:49:17.040><c> recursive</c><00:49:17.560><c> decomposition</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2958.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and and and and recursive decomposition"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2958.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and and and and recursive decomposition in<00:49:18.440><c> that</c><00:49:18.680><c> sense.</c><00:49:19.359><c> So,</c><00:49:19.760><c> in</c><00:49:20.200><c> this</c><00:49:20.520><c> project,</c><00:49:21.160><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2961.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in that sense. So, in this project, we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2961.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in that sense. So, in this project, we tried<00:49:21.640><c> to</c><00:49:21.760><c> do</c><00:49:21.920><c> it</c><00:49:22.320><c> within</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2963.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "tried to do it within"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2963.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "tried to do it within the<00:49:23.720><c> free</c><00:49:23.880><c> energy</c><00:49:24.240><c> principle</c><00:49:24.720><c> framework.</c><00:49:25.359><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2965.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the free energy principle framework. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2965.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the free energy principle framework. So, within<00:49:25.760><c> the</c><00:49:25.920><c> the</c><00:49:26.040><c> variational</c><00:49:26.760><c> base</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2967.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "within the the variational base"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2967.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "within the the variational base framework,<00:49:27.480><c> right?</c><00:49:28.000><c> So,</c><00:49:28.560><c> we</c><00:49:28.760><c> take</c><00:49:29.480><c> all</c><00:49:29.760><c> these</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2970.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "framework, right? So, we take all these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2970.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "framework, right? So, we take all these problem<00:49:30.960><c> space</c><00:49:31.320><c> operators</c><00:49:32.200><c> and</c><00:49:32.400><c> and</c><00:49:32.600><c> embed</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2973.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "problem space operators and and embed"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2973.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "problem space operators and and embed them<00:49:33.520><c> into</c><00:49:33.840><c> a</c><00:49:33.920><c> physical</c><00:49:34.840><c> variational</c><00:49:35.320><c> physics</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2975.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "them into a physical variational physics"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2975.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "them into a physical variational physics descriptions.<00:49:36.800><c> And</c><00:49:37.040><c> we</c><00:49:37.440><c> also</c><00:49:37.920><c> end</c><00:49:38.320><c> up</c><00:49:38.960><c> on</c><00:49:39.280><c> some</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2979.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "descriptions. And we also end up on some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2979.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "descriptions. And we also end up on some of<00:49:39.840><c> the</c><00:49:40.000><c> things</c><00:49:40.440><c> that</c><00:49:40.720><c> you</c><00:49:41.200><c> you</c><00:49:41.400><c> don't</c><00:49:41.640><c> and</c><00:49:41.760><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2981.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the things that you you don't and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2981.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the things that you you don't and and and<00:49:42.280><c> Chetan</c><00:49:42.800><c> mentioned</c><00:49:43.320><c> like</c><00:49:43.840><c> the</c><00:49:44.040><c> for</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2984.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and Chetan mentioned like the for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2984.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and Chetan mentioned like the for example,<00:49:45.120><c> when</c><00:49:45.360><c> we</c><00:49:45.560><c> we</c><00:49:45.720><c> can</c><00:49:45.960><c> have</c><00:49:47.040><c> uh</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2987.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "example, when we we can have uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2987.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "example, when we we can have uh the<00:49:48.120><c> the</c><00:49:48.240><c> issue</c><00:49:48.480><c> of</c><00:49:48.560><c> free</c><00:49:48.720><c> normalization</c><00:49:49.440><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2989.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the issue of free normalization and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2989.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the issue of free normalization and then<00:49:49.880><c> and</c><00:49:50.040><c> then</c><00:49:50.200><c> getting</c><00:49:50.920><c> ways</c><00:49:51.280><c> in</c><00:49:51.400><c> which</c><00:49:51.560><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2991.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then and then getting ways in which you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2991.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then and then getting ways in which you can<00:49:52.040><c> decompose</c><00:49:52.840><c> and</c><00:49:53.200><c> quantify</c><00:49:54.000><c> across</c><00:49:54.480><c> scales</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2995.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can decompose and quantify across scales"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2995.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can decompose and quantify across scales additive<00:49:56.440><c> gains</c><00:49:56.800><c> in</c><00:49:56.920><c> search</c><00:49:57.200><c> efficiency</c><00:49:58.040><c> at</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2998.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "additive gains in search efficiency at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2998.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "additive gains in search efficiency at different<00:49:58.760><c> scales</c><00:49:59.440><c> and</c><00:49:59.600><c> then</c><00:49:59.760><c> do</c><00:49:59.880><c> it</c><00:50:00.040><c> globally</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3000.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different scales and then do it globally"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3000.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different scales and then do it globally for<00:50:00.840><c> for</c><00:50:01.200><c> as</c><00:50:01.560><c> a</c><00:50:01.920><c> as</c><00:50:02.120><c> a</c><00:50:02.600><c> whole</c><00:50:02.880><c> total</c><00:50:03.240><c> of</c><00:50:03.360><c> the</c><00:50:03.560><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3003.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for for as a as a whole total of the of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3003.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for for as a as a whole total of the of the<00:50:03.840><c> system</c><00:50:04.600><c> depending</c><00:50:05.160><c> on</c><00:50:05.320><c> how</c><00:50:05.600><c> you</c><00:50:05.760><c> would</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3006.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the system depending on how you would"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3006.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the system depending on how you would how<00:50:06.760><c> efficiency</c><00:50:07.360><c> gains</c><00:50:07.760><c> are</c><00:50:07.920><c> cashed</c><00:50:08.280><c> out</c><00:50:08.440><c> at</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3008.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how efficiency gains are cashed out at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3008.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how efficiency gains are cashed out at different<00:50:08.880><c> levels.</c><00:50:09.680><c> So,</c><00:50:10.120><c> that</c><00:50:10.560><c> can</c><00:50:10.840><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3011.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different levels. So, that can be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3011.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different levels. So, that can be embedded<00:50:11.960><c> in</c><00:50:12.440><c> the</c><00:50:12.600><c> variational</c><00:50:13.200><c> logic</c><00:50:13.600><c> of</c><00:50:13.800><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3013.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "embedded in the variational logic of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3013.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "embedded in the variational logic of the free<00:50:14.080><c> energy</c><00:50:14.400><c> principle</c><00:50:14.880><c> for</c><00:50:15.120><c> sure</c><00:50:15.640><c> and</c><00:50:15.800><c> using</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3016.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "free energy principle for sure and using"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3016.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "free energy principle for sure and using using<00:50:16.680><c> the</c><00:50:16.800><c> more</c><00:50:17.200><c> pedestrian</c><00:50:17.960><c> thing</c><00:50:18.720><c> in</c><00:50:18.880><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3018.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "using the more pedestrian thing in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3018.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "using the more pedestrian thing in the sense<00:50:19.320><c> of</c><00:50:19.520><c> like</c><00:50:19.720><c> the</c><00:50:20.240><c> all</c><00:50:20.440><c> the</c><00:50:20.720><c> the</c><00:50:21.360><c> the</c><00:50:21.720><c> nest</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3022.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sense of like the all the the the nest"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3022.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sense of like the all the the the nest assumption<00:50:22.760><c> and</c><00:50:23.040><c> and</c><00:50:23.400><c> and</c><00:50:23.720><c> the</c><00:50:23.800><c> Helmholtz</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3024.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "assumption and and and the Helmholtz"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3024.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "assumption and and and the Helmholtz decomposition<00:50:24.840><c> and</c><00:50:24.920><c> then</c><00:50:25.080><c> building</c><00:50:25.560><c> on</c><00:50:25.720><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3026.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "decomposition and then building on that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3026.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "decomposition and then building on that building<00:50:26.600><c> a</c><00:50:26.680><c> minimal</c><00:50:27.160><c> Landau</c><00:50:27.640><c> style</c><00:50:28.200><c> floor</c><00:50:28.640><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3029.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "building a minimal Landau style floor of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3029.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "building a minimal Landau style floor of of<00:50:29.640><c> cost</c><00:50:29.960><c> per</c><00:50:30.160><c> unit</c><00:50:30.480><c> operator</c><00:50:31.040><c> and</c><00:50:31.240><c> and</c><00:50:31.480><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3031.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of cost per unit operator and and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3031.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of cost per unit operator and and and efficiency<00:50:32.200><c> gains.</c><00:50:32.880><c> So,</c><00:50:33.560><c> this</c><00:50:33.840><c> is</c><00:50:34.000><c> not</c><00:50:34.280><c> done</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3035.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "efficiency gains. So, this is not done"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3035.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "efficiency gains. So, this is not done but<00:50:35.680><c> what</c><00:50:36.040><c> I</c><00:50:36.240><c> I</c><00:50:36.400><c> want</c><00:50:36.680><c> to</c><00:50:36.800><c> say</c><00:50:37.280><c> is</c><00:50:37.520><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3038.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but what I I want to say is that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3038.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but what I I want to say is that seeing<00:50:38.880><c> you</c><00:50:39.000><c> present</c><00:50:39.400><c> this</c><00:50:39.560><c> just</c><00:50:39.800><c> now,</c><00:50:40.200><c> it</c><00:50:40.440><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3040.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "seeing you present this just now, it is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3040.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "seeing you present this just now, it is clear<00:50:41.000><c> to</c><00:50:41.160><c> me</c><00:50:41.360><c> that</c><00:50:42.240><c> the</c><00:50:43.280><c> you</c><00:50:43.440><c> provide</c><00:50:44.440><c> way</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3044.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "clear to me that the you provide way"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3044.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "clear to me that the you provide way more<00:50:45.120><c> finer</c><00:50:45.600><c> algebraic</c><00:50:46.160><c> structure</c><00:50:47.080><c> for</c><00:50:47.280><c> us</c><00:50:47.440><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3047.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "more finer algebraic structure for us to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3047.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "more finer algebraic structure for us to probe<00:50:47.920><c> even</c><00:50:48.280><c> deeper</c><00:50:48.760><c> into</c><00:50:49.040><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3049.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probe even deeper into this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3049.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probe even deeper into this decomposition<00:50:50.440><c> and</c><00:50:50.640><c> then</c><00:50:50.800><c> look</c><00:50:51.080><c> at</c><00:50:51.280><c> what</c><00:50:51.480><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3051.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "decomposition and then look at what you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3051.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "decomposition and then look at what you mentioned<00:50:51.920><c> the</c><00:50:52.000><c> community</c><00:50:52.560><c> structure</c><00:50:53.000><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3053.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mentioned the community structure and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3053.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mentioned the community structure and all<00:50:53.360><c> these</c><00:50:53.840><c> sort</c><00:50:54.120><c> of</c><00:50:54.280><c> effects</c><00:50:54.760><c> you</c><00:50:54.880><c> would</c><00:50:55.120><c> get</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3055.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all these sort of effects you would get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3055.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all these sort of effects you would get and<00:50:56.280><c> what</c><00:50:56.560><c> would</c><00:50:56.720><c> appear</c><00:50:57.120><c> to</c><00:50:57.280><c> us</c><00:50:57.480><c> at</c><00:50:57.560><c> the</c><00:50:57.640><c> scale</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3058.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and what would appear to us at the scale"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3058.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and what would appear to us at the scale and<00:50:58.240><c> metric</c><00:50:58.560><c> of</c><00:50:58.680><c> observation</c><00:50:59.320><c> as</c><00:50:59.440><c> an</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3059.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and metric of observation as an"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3059.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and metric of observation as an efficiency<00:51:00.160><c> gain</c><00:51:00.720><c> might</c><00:51:01.000><c> come</c><00:51:01.240><c> from</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3061.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "efficiency gain might come from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3061.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "efficiency gain might come from innumerable<00:51:02.280><c> ways</c><00:51:02.560><c> of</c><00:51:02.760><c> of</c><00:51:03.000><c> of</c><00:51:03.240><c> tiling</c><00:51:03.680><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3063.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "innumerable ways of of of tiling that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3063.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "innumerable ways of of of tiling that problem<00:51:04.240><c> space</c><00:51:04.520><c> or</c><00:51:04.680><c> or</c><00:51:05.040><c> or</c><00:51:05.240><c> bending</c><00:51:05.720><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3065.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "problem space or or or bending the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3065.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "problem space or or or bending the problem<00:51:06.160><c> space</c><00:51:06.480><c> or</c><00:51:06.560><c> or</c><00:51:06.640><c> just</c><00:51:06.840><c> doing</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3068.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "problem space or or just doing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3068.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "problem space or or just doing in<00:51:08.800><c> your</c><00:51:09.000><c> terms</c><00:51:09.280><c> just</c><00:51:09.640><c> uh</c><00:51:10.120><c> changing</c><00:51:10.520><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3070.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in your terms just uh changing the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3070.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in your terms just uh changing the observation<00:51:11.160><c> frame</c><00:51:11.400><c> by</c><00:51:11.520><c> communities</c><00:51:12.360><c> and</c><00:51:12.560><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3072.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observation frame by communities and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3072.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observation frame by communities and and certain<00:51:13.040><c> communities</c><00:51:13.480><c> having</c><00:51:13.840><c> different</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3074.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "certain communities having different"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3074.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "certain communities having different policies<00:51:14.760><c> and</c><00:51:14.920><c> then</c><00:51:15.040><c> meta</c><00:51:15.320><c> policies</c><00:51:15.800><c> based</c><00:51:16.040><c> on</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3076.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies and then meta policies based on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3076.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "policies and then meta policies based on the<00:51:16.640><c> higher</c><00:51:16.880><c> order</c><00:51:17.480><c> aggregates</c><00:51:18.000><c> and</c><00:51:18.160><c> so</c><00:51:18.400><c> on.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3078.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the higher order aggregates and so on."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3078.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the higher order aggregates and so on. So,<00:51:19.600><c> I</c><00:51:19.720><c> think</c><00:51:20.040><c> it's</c><00:51:20.280><c> definitely</c><00:51:20.880><c> valuable</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3081.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I think it's definitely valuable"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3081.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I think it's definitely valuable even<00:51:21.840><c> going</c><00:51:22.520><c> even</c><00:51:22.800><c> if</c><00:51:22.920><c> it</c><00:51:23.080><c> were</c><00:51:23.280><c> something</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3083.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "even going even if it were something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3083.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "even going even if it were something that's<00:51:23.920><c> built</c><00:51:24.840><c> after</c><00:51:25.320><c> this</c><00:51:25.560><c> is</c><00:51:25.840><c> pushed</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3086.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's built after this is pushed"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3086.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's built after this is pushed because<00:51:26.520><c> this</c><00:51:26.720><c> will</c><00:51:26.840><c> be</c><00:51:27.360><c> finished</c><00:51:27.880><c> quite</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3088.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because this will be finished quite"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3088.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because this will be finished quite soon.<00:51:29.000><c> Right.</c><00:51:29.280><c> It's</c><00:51:29.440><c> definitely</c><00:51:29.960><c> worth</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3090.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "soon. Right. It's definitely worth"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3090.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "soon. Right. It's definitely worth looking<00:51:30.520><c> into</c><00:51:30.840><c> it</c><00:51:31.040><c> and</c><00:51:31.640><c> and</c><00:51:31.840><c> the</c><00:51:31.920><c> connection</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3092.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "looking into it and and the connection"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3092.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "looking into it and and the connection with<00:51:32.560><c> physics</c><00:51:32.960><c> is</c><00:51:33.200><c> certainly</c><00:51:33.960><c> is</c><00:51:34.040><c> certainly</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3095.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with physics is certainly is certainly"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3095.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with physics is certainly is certainly impressive<00:51:36.480><c> for</c><00:51:36.600><c> sure.</c><00:51:37.320><c> The</c><00:51:37.680><c> that's</c><00:51:37.880><c> the</c><00:51:38.000><c> hard</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3098.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "impressive for sure. The that's the hard"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3098.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "impressive for sure. The that's the hard work,<00:51:38.680><c> you</c><00:51:38.720><c> know.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3099.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "work, you know."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3099.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "work, you know. This<00:51:39.520><c> is</c><00:51:39.680><c> less</c><00:51:39.880><c> hard.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3100.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "This is less hard."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3100.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "This is less hard. Well,<00:51:41.120><c> I</c><00:51:41.280><c> would</c><00:51:41.480><c> certainly</c><00:51:41.880><c> welcome</c><00:51:42.480><c> any</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3102.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, I would certainly welcome any"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3102.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, I would certainly welcome any interactions<00:51:43.200><c> you</c><00:51:43.280><c> guys</c><00:51:43.520><c> want</c><00:51:43.680><c> to</c><00:51:43.760><c> have</c><00:51:44.080><c> on</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3104.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interactions you guys want to have on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3104.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interactions you guys want to have on this<00:51:44.480><c> once</c><00:51:44.720><c> once</c><00:51:44.960><c> your</c><00:51:45.080><c> current</c><00:51:45.360><c> projects</c><00:51:45.840><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3106.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this once once your current projects are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3106.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this once once your current projects are you<00:51:46.200><c> you</c><00:51:46.480><c> you</c><00:51:46.560><c> get</c><00:51:46.760><c> to</c><00:51:47.080><c> a</c><00:51:47.120><c> certain</c><00:51:47.440><c> place</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3107.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you you you get to a certain place"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3107.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you you you get to a certain place because<00:51:48.040><c> I</c><00:51:48.080><c> think</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3108.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because I think"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3108.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because I think as<00:51:49.960><c> I</c><00:51:50.040><c> listen</c><00:51:50.320><c> to</c><00:51:50.560><c> your</c><00:51:50.760><c> work,</c><00:51:51.040><c> I</c><00:51:51.120><c> realize</c><00:51:52.080><c> our</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3112.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as I listen to your work, I realize our"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3112.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as I listen to your work, I realize our ideas<00:51:52.640><c> are</c><00:51:52.720><c> really</c><00:51:53.040><c> converging</c><00:51:53.640><c> quite</c><00:51:53.920><c> nicely</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3114.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ideas are really converging quite nicely"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3114.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ideas are really converging quite nicely here<00:51:54.680><c> and</c><00:51:54.840><c> I</c><00:51:54.880><c> think</c><00:51:55.080><c> that</c><00:51:55.200><c> there's</c><00:51:55.400><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3116.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "here and I think that there's a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3116.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "here and I think that there's a synergy.<00:51:56.800><c> The</c><00:51:56.880><c> nice</c><00:51:57.080><c> thing</c><00:51:57.240><c> about</c><00:51:57.520><c> the</c><00:51:57.680><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3118.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "synergy. The nice thing about the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3118.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "synergy. The nice thing about the Markov stuff<00:51:58.440><c> is</c><00:51:58.600><c> that</c><00:51:59.400><c> it's</c><00:51:59.800><c> it's</c><00:52:00.160><c> so</c><00:52:00.440><c> well</c><00:52:00.680><c> studied</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3122.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stuff is that it's it's so well studied"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3122.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stuff is that it's it's so well studied they<00:52:02.280><c> they've</c><00:52:02.720><c> they</c><00:52:03.480><c> you</c><00:52:03.640><c> just</c><00:52:03.880><c> look</c><00:52:04.080><c> at</c><00:52:04.240><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3124.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they they've they you just look at the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3124.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they they've they you just look at the you<00:52:05.040><c> the</c><00:52:05.600><c> the</c><00:52:05.840><c> eigen</c><00:52:06.240><c> analysis</c><00:52:06.880><c> of</c><00:52:07.000><c> these</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3127.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you the the eigen analysis of these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3127.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you the the eigen analysis of these matrices<00:52:08.240><c> to</c><00:52:08.360><c> get</c><00:52:08.480><c> a</c><00:52:08.520><c> lot</c><00:52:08.720><c> of</c><00:52:08.800><c> this</c><00:52:08.920><c> stuff.</c><00:52:09.640><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3129.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrices to get a lot of this stuff. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3129.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrices to get a lot of this stuff. So, there<00:52:09.960><c> are</c><00:52:10.080><c> lots</c><00:52:10.360><c> of</c><00:52:10.480><c> papers</c><00:52:10.880><c> out</c><00:52:11.040><c> there</c><00:52:11.240><c> about</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3131.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there are lots of papers out there about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3131.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there are lots of papers out there about the<00:52:11.640><c> community</c><00:52:12.080><c> structure</c><00:52:12.600><c> and</c><00:52:12.800><c> and</c><00:52:12.960><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3133.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the community structure and and so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3133.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the community structure and and so forth.<00:52:13.400><c> So,</c><00:52:13.520><c> we</c><00:52:13.640><c> would</c><00:52:13.760><c> just</c><00:52:13.960><c> have</c><00:52:14.080><c> to</c><00:52:14.160><c> do</c><00:52:14.280><c> our</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3134.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "forth. So, we would just have to do our"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3134.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "forth. So, we would just have to do our homework<00:52:14.760><c> and</c><00:52:15.200><c> understand</c><00:52:15.600><c> and</c><00:52:15.920><c> a</c><00:52:15.960><c> lot</c><00:52:16.160><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3136.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "homework and understand and a lot of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3136.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "homework and understand and a lot of that<00:52:16.360><c> stuff</c><00:52:16.560><c> we</c><00:52:16.640><c> could</c><00:52:16.760><c> just</c><00:52:17.000><c> then</c><00:52:17.200><c> port</c><00:52:17.640><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3137.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that stuff we could just then port in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3137.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that stuff we could just then port in here<00:52:18.480><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3139.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "here and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3139.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "here and it's<00:52:19.920><c> it's</c><00:52:20.120><c> it's</c><00:52:20.360><c> really</c><00:52:20.640><c> quite</c><00:52:20.840><c> well</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3140.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's it's it's really quite well"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3141.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's it's it's really quite well understood.<00:52:21.800><c> The</c><00:52:21.880><c> only</c><00:52:22.040><c> thing</c><00:52:22.200><c> they</c><00:52:22.280><c> didn't</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3142.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "understood. The only thing they didn't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3142.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "understood. The only thing they didn't have<00:52:22.760><c> was</c><00:52:22.880><c> the</c><00:52:22.960><c> trace</c><00:52:23.240><c> logic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3144.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have was the trace logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3144.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have was the trace logic and<00:52:24.400><c> the</c><00:52:24.480><c> fact</c><00:52:24.680><c> that</c><00:52:24.800><c> it</c><00:52:24.880><c> can</c><00:52:25.040><c> recurse.</c><00:52:25.400><c> That's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3145.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and the fact that it can recurse. That's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3145.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and the fact that it can recurse. That's what<00:52:25.720><c> they</c><00:52:25.920><c> that's</c><00:52:26.160><c> what</c><00:52:26.280><c> they</c><00:52:26.360><c> were</c><00:52:26.480><c> missing</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3146.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what they that's what they were missing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3146.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what they that's what they were missing to<00:52:27.080><c> pull</c><00:52:27.280><c> this</c><00:52:27.440><c> whole</c><00:52:27.640><c> picture</c><00:52:27.920><c> together.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3149.921,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to pull this whole picture together."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3149.931,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to pull this whole picture together. &gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3149.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3150.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat] &gt;&gt; Interesting.<00:52:30.720><c> Very</c><00:52:30.880><c> interesting.</c><00:52:31.920><c> Yeah.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3152.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Interesting. Very interesting. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3152.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Interesting. Very interesting. Yeah. What<00:52:32.880><c> do</c><00:52:32.960><c> you</c><00:52:33.040><c> think</c><00:52:33.200><c> would</c><00:52:33.320><c> happen</c><00:52:33.600><c> or</c><00:52:33.680><c> maybe</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3153.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What do you think would happen or maybe"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3153.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What do you think would happen or maybe you've<00:52:34.080><c> already</c><00:52:34.400><c> done</c><00:52:34.640><c> it</c><00:52:34.960><c> but</c><00:52:35.720><c> to</c><00:52:35.960><c> apply</c><00:52:36.360><c> some</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3156.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you've already done it but to apply some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3156.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you've already done it but to apply some of<00:52:36.760><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3157.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3157.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the causal<00:52:37.960><c> emergence</c><00:52:38.560><c> metrics</c><00:52:39.640><c> to</c><00:52:40.760><c> to</c><00:52:40.960><c> the</c><00:52:41.200><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3161.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "causal emergence metrics to to the to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3161.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "causal emergence metrics to to the to the<00:52:41.440><c> dynamics</c><00:52:41.960><c> of</c><00:52:42.000><c> these</c><00:52:42.200><c> things,</c><00:52:42.840><c> you</c><00:52:42.920><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3163.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the dynamics of these things, you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3163.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the dynamics of these things, you know, or<00:52:43.240><c> like</c><00:52:43.440><c> some</c><00:52:43.600><c> of</c><00:52:43.680><c> the</c><00:52:43.760><c> stuff</c><00:52:43.960><c> that</c><00:52:44.120><c> you</c><00:52:44.200><c> guys</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3164.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "or like some of the stuff that you guys"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3164.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "or like some of the stuff that you guys do<00:52:44.600><c> Robert</c><00:52:44.960><c> or</c><00:52:45.080><c> some</c><00:52:45.240><c> of</c><00:52:45.320><c> the</c><00:52:45.600><c> like</c><00:52:45.760><c> more</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3165.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "do Robert or some of the like more"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3165.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "do Robert or some of the like more conventional<00:52:46.440><c> stuff</c><00:52:46.680><c> that</c><00:52:46.800><c> we</c><00:52:46.920><c> have</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3168.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conventional stuff that we have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3168.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conventional stuff that we have have<00:52:48.520><c> you</c><00:52:48.920><c> you</c><00:52:49.040><c> know,</c><00:52:49.600><c> phi</c><00:52:49.920><c> d</c><00:52:50.120><c> and</c><00:52:50.240><c> all</c><00:52:50.360><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3170.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have you you know, phi d and all that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3170.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have you you know, phi d and all that kind<00:52:50.600><c> of</c><00:52:50.640><c> stuff.</c><00:52:50.800><c> Have</c><00:52:50.920><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3171.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "kind of stuff. Have you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3171.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "kind of stuff. Have you have<00:52:52.040><c> you</c><00:52:52.160><c> done</c><00:52:52.400><c> that</c><00:52:52.520><c> at</c><00:52:52.640><c> all?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3175.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Me<00:52:56.120><c> or</c><00:52:56.280><c> Don?</c><00:52:56.920><c> Mike?</c><00:52:57.640><c> Uh</c><00:52:57.920><c> well</c><00:52:58.160><c> well</c><00:52:58.280><c> Don</c><00:52:58.920><c> on</c><00:52:59.040><c> his</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3179.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Me or Don? Mike? Uh well well Don on his"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3179.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Me or Don? Mike? Uh well well Don on his stuff<00:52:59.560><c> and</c><00:52:59.680><c> then</c><00:53:00.000><c> and</c><00:53:00.120><c> then</c><00:53:00.200><c> if</c><00:53:00.320><c> they</c><00:53:00.440><c> haven't</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3180.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stuff and then and then if they haven't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3180.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stuff and then and then if they haven't done<00:53:00.880><c> it</c><00:53:01.000><c> yet,</c><00:53:01.160><c> then</c><00:53:01.280><c> I'm</c><00:53:01.400><c> going</c><00:53:01.520><c> to</c><00:53:01.640><c> say</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3182.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "done it yet, then I'm going to say"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3182.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "done it yet, then I'm going to say maybe<00:53:02.800><c> we</c><00:53:02.880><c> should.</c><00:53:03.760><c> So,</c><00:53:03.880><c> you</c><00:53:04.000><c> know,</c><00:53:04.120><c> so</c><00:53:04.320><c> say</c><00:53:04.560><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3184.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "maybe we should. So, you know, so say a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3184.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "maybe we should. So, you know, so say a little<00:53:04.760><c> bit</c><00:53:04.880><c> more</c><00:53:05.000><c> about</c><00:53:05.160><c> the</c><00:53:05.240><c> causal</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3185.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "little bit more about the causal"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3185.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "little bit more about the causal emergence<00:53:05.920><c> question.</c><00:53:06.160><c> I</c><00:53:06.200><c> want</c><00:53:06.320><c> to</c><00:53:06.400><c> make</c><00:53:06.520><c> sure</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3186.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "emergence question. I want to make sure"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3186.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "emergence question. I want to make sure I<00:53:06.640><c> understand</c><00:53:07.280><c> that</c><00:53:07.480><c> that</c><00:53:07.640><c> question.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3189.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I understand that that question."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3189.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I understand that that question. Well,<00:53:10.840><c> you</c><00:53:10.960><c> know,</c><00:53:11.120><c> and</c><00:53:11.320><c> I</c><00:53:11.360><c> mean</c><00:53:11.520><c> Robert's</c><00:53:11.840><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3191.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, you know, and I mean Robert's the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3191.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, you know, and I mean Robert's the better<00:53:12.080><c> person</c><00:53:12.360><c> to</c><00:53:12.440><c> speak</c><00:53:12.640><c> to</c><00:53:12.720><c> it</c><00:53:12.800><c> but</c><00:53:13.400><c> there's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3193.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "better person to speak to it but there's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3193.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "better person to speak to it but there's a<00:53:14.120><c> there</c><00:53:14.280><c> are</c><00:53:14.360><c> a</c><00:53:14.400><c> variety</c><00:53:14.880><c> of</c><00:53:15.280><c> new</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3196.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a there are a variety of new"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3196.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a there are a variety of new newish<00:53:16.840><c> metrics</c><00:53:17.400><c> in</c><00:53:17.840><c> information</c><00:53:18.320><c> theory</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3199.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "newish metrics in information theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3199.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "newish metrics in information theory that<00:53:19.640><c> basically</c><00:53:20.720><c> try</c><00:53:20.920><c> to</c><00:53:21.760><c> quantify</c><00:53:22.440><c> some</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3202.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that basically try to quantify some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3202.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that basically try to quantify some important<00:53:23.160><c> aspects</c><00:53:23.520><c> of</c><00:53:23.640><c> agency,</c><00:53:24.000><c> right?</c><00:53:24.200><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3204.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "important aspects of agency, right? So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3204.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "important aspects of agency, right? So, the<00:53:24.440><c> the</c><00:53:24.520><c> extent</c><00:53:24.880><c> to</c><00:53:24.960><c> which</c><00:53:25.160><c> the</c><00:53:25.280><c> whole</c><00:53:25.560><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3206.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the extent to which the whole is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3206.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the extent to which the whole is in<00:53:26.920><c> some</c><00:53:27.120><c> sense</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3207.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in some sense"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3207.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in some sense causally<00:53:28.360><c> more</c><00:53:28.520><c> than</c><00:53:28.680><c> its</c><00:53:28.840><c> parts,</c><00:53:29.040><c> you</c><00:53:29.120><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3209.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "causally more than its parts, you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3209.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "causally more than its parts, you know, phi<00:53:29.960><c> all</c><00:53:30.120><c> that</c><00:53:30.280><c> stuff.</c><00:53:30.760><c> Oh</c><00:53:30.960><c> oh</c><00:53:31.200><c> oh</c><00:53:31.360><c> right.</c><00:53:31.600><c> That</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3211.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "phi all that stuff. Oh oh oh right. That"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3211.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "phi all that stuff. Oh oh oh right. That kind<00:53:31.960><c> of</c><00:53:32.480><c> exactly</c><00:53:33.000><c> right.</c><00:53:33.480><c> That's</c><00:53:34.080><c> what</c><00:53:34.200><c> I'm</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3214.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "kind of exactly right. That's what I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3214.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "kind of exactly right. That's what I'm getting<00:53:34.480><c> at.</c><00:53:34.560><c> Have</c><00:53:34.760><c> have</c><00:53:35.000><c> you</c><00:53:35.120><c> tried</c><00:53:35.480><c> any</c><00:53:35.640><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3215.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "getting at. Have have you tried any of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3215.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "getting at. Have have you tried any of those<00:53:35.920><c> metrics</c><00:53:36.560><c> on</c><00:53:36.880><c> on</c><00:53:37.000><c> the</c><00:53:37.360><c> dynamical</c><00:53:38.160><c> path</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3218.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "those metrics on on the dynamical path"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3218.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "those metrics on on the dynamical path of<00:53:38.480><c> these</c><00:53:38.640><c> things?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3219.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of these things?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3219.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of these things? Well,<00:53:40.520><c> yeah.</c><00:53:40.880><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3222.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, yeah. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3222.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, yeah. So, so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3224.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3224.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so a<00:53:44.200><c> lot</c><00:53:44.440><c> of</c><00:53:44.480><c> that</c><00:53:44.640><c> work</c><00:53:44.800><c> has</c><00:53:44.960><c> been</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3225.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a lot of that work has been"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3226.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a lot of that work has been the<00:53:46.680><c> motivation</c><00:53:47.200><c> between</c><00:53:47.520><c> that</c><00:53:48.120><c> Tononi</c><00:53:48.560><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3228.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the motivation between that Tononi and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3228.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the motivation between that Tononi and and<00:53:49.040><c> Co</c><00:53:49.280><c> and</c><00:53:49.400><c> so</c><00:53:49.600><c> forth</c><00:53:49.840><c> has</c><00:53:50.040><c> has</c><00:53:50.240><c> been</c><00:53:50.880><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3231.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and Co and so forth has has been to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3231.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and Co and so forth has has been to somehow<00:53:51.960><c> have</c><00:53:52.120><c> consciousness</c><00:53:53.080><c> be</c><00:53:53.720><c> a</c><00:53:53.800><c> function</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3234.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "somehow have consciousness be a function"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3234.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "somehow have consciousness be a function of<00:53:54.320><c> the</c><00:53:54.400><c> amount</c><00:53:54.680><c> of</c><00:53:54.800><c> causal</c><00:53:55.160><c> emergence,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3235.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the amount of causal emergence,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3235.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the amount of causal emergence, right?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3236.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3236.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right? And<00:53:57.680><c> you</c><00:53:57.960><c> know,</c><00:53:58.080><c> to</c><00:53:58.280><c> the</c><00:53:58.359><c> extent</c><00:53:58.720><c> that</c><00:53:58.920><c> you</c><00:53:59.120><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3239.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And you know, to the extent that you the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3239.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And you know, to the extent that you the phi<00:53:59.480><c> is</c><00:54:00.040><c> the</c><00:54:00.480><c> you</c><00:54:00.560><c> know,</c><00:54:00.680><c> the</c><00:54:00.800><c> system</c><00:54:01.200><c> with</c><00:54:01.400><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3241.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "phi is the you know, the system with the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3241.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "phi is the you know, the system with the the<00:54:02.200><c> the</c><00:54:02.359><c> greatest</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3243.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the greatest"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3243.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the greatest causal"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3246.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "causal"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3246.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "causal measure.<00:54:06.920><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3248.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measure. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3248.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "measure. And those<00:54:09.080><c> are</c><00:54:09.240><c> those</c><00:54:09.520><c> are</c><00:54:09.600><c> very</c><00:54:09.880><c> very</c><00:54:10.080><c> useful.</c><00:54:10.440><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3250.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "those are those are very very useful. I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3250.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "those are those are very very useful. I think<00:54:10.680><c> they</c><00:54:10.800><c> have</c><00:54:10.920><c> nothing</c><00:54:11.280><c> to</c><00:54:11.400><c> do</c><00:54:11.600><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3251.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think they have nothing to do with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3251.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think they have nothing to do with consciousness.<00:54:12.760><c> Yeah,</c><00:54:12.880><c> I'm</c><00:54:12.960><c> not</c><00:54:13.120><c> making</c><00:54:13.359><c> any</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3253.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness. Yeah, I'm not making any"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3253.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness. Yeah, I'm not making any claims<00:54:13.720><c> about</c><00:54:13.920><c> consciousness.</c><00:54:14.880><c> I'm</c><00:54:15.200><c> I'm</c><00:54:15.320><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3255.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "claims about consciousness. I'm I'm just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3255.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "claims about consciousness. I'm I'm just asking<00:54:15.840><c> you</c><00:54:15.960><c> know,</c><00:54:16.080><c> just</c><00:54:16.840><c> you</c><00:54:16.920><c> know,</c><00:54:17.560><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3257.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "asking you know, just you know, just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3257.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "asking you know, just you know, just step<00:54:18.040><c> one</c><00:54:18.280><c> of</c><00:54:18.440><c> of</c><00:54:18.560><c> getting</c><00:54:18.840><c> the</c><00:54:18.920><c> measurements</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3259.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "step one of of getting the measurements"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3259.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "step one of of getting the measurements and<00:54:19.560><c> seeing</c><00:54:20.000><c> seeing</c><00:54:20.280><c> what's</c><00:54:20.480><c> going</c><00:54:20.720><c> on</c><00:54:20.880><c> as</c><00:54:21.040><c> far</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3261.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and seeing seeing what's going on as far"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3261.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and seeing seeing what's going on as far as<00:54:21.920><c> Oh</c><00:54:22.080><c> sure.</c><00:54:22.400><c> I</c><00:54:22.480><c> think</c><00:54:22.720><c> that</c><00:54:22.880><c> would</c><00:54:23.320><c> honest</c><00:54:24.040><c> as</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3264.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as Oh sure. I think that would honest as"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3264.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as Oh sure. I think that would honest as long<00:54:24.359><c> as</c><00:54:24.480><c> there's</c><00:54:24.640><c> no</c><00:54:24.800><c> claims</c><00:54:25.080><c> about</c><00:54:25.320><c> that</c><00:54:25.480><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3265.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "long as there's no claims about that and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3265.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "long as there's no claims about that and consciousness,<00:54:26.120><c> I'm</c><00:54:26.280><c> all</c><00:54:26.440><c> for</c><00:54:26.640><c> it.</c><00:54:26.720><c> I</c><00:54:26.760><c> think</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3266.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness, I'm all for it. I think"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3266.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness, I'm all for it. I think that<00:54:27.080><c> that</c><00:54:27.240><c> stuff</c><00:54:27.480><c> is</c><00:54:27.600><c> that's</c><00:54:27.840><c> that's</c><00:54:28.080><c> really</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3268.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that that stuff is that's that's really"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3268.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that that stuff is that's that's really good<00:54:28.440><c> work.</c><00:54:28.760><c> Absolutely.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3270.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "good work. Absolutely."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3270.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "good work. Absolutely. What<00:54:30.359><c> I</c><00:54:30.400><c> think</c><00:54:30.600><c> is</c><00:54:30.720><c> bogus</c><00:54:31.200><c> is</c><00:54:31.359><c> saying</c><00:54:31.560><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3271.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What I think is bogus is saying that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3271.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What I think is bogus is saying that consciousness<00:54:32.200><c> has</c><00:54:32.320><c> something</c><00:54:32.600><c> to</c><00:54:32.680><c> do</c><00:54:32.800><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3272.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness has something to do with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3272.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness has something to do with that.<00:54:33.160><c> I</c><00:54:33.240><c> think</c><00:54:33.480><c> that's</c><00:54:33.640><c> bogus.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3274.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that. I think that's bogus."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3275.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that. I think that's bogus. But<00:54:35.037><c> [clears throat]</c><00:54:35.200><c> but</c><00:54:35.320><c> yeah.</c><00:54:35.760><c> I</c><00:54:35.840><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3276.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But [clears throat] but yeah. I I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3276.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But [clears throat] but yeah. I I but<00:54:36.600><c> we</c><00:54:36.720><c> haven't</c><00:54:36.960><c> done</c><00:54:37.080><c> that</c><00:54:37.240><c> ourselves.</c><00:54:37.680><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3277.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but we haven't done that ourselves. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3277.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but we haven't done that ourselves. So, we<00:54:37.880><c> haven't</c><00:54:38.160><c> done</c><00:54:38.280><c> that</c><00:54:38.400><c> would</c><00:54:38.520><c> be</c><00:54:39.000><c> So,</c><00:54:39.200><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3279.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we haven't done that would be So, the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3279.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we haven't done that would be So, the answer<00:54:39.560><c> is</c><00:54:39.960><c> we</c><00:54:40.080><c> haven't</c><00:54:40.320><c> gone</c><00:54:40.560><c> there</c><00:54:40.760><c> yet</c><00:54:41.520><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3281.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "answer is we haven't gone there yet and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3281.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "answer is we haven't gone there yet and that<00:54:42.440><c> Yeah.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3283.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3283.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that Yeah. It<00:54:43.600><c> may</c><00:54:43.760><c> it</c><00:54:43.880><c> may</c><00:54:44.000><c> be</c><00:54:44.120><c> interesting</c><00:54:44.600><c> to</c><00:54:44.720><c> do</c><00:54:44.960><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3285.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It may it may be interesting to do just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3285.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It may it may be interesting to do just just<00:54:45.440><c> to</c><00:54:45.520><c> get</c><00:54:45.680><c> some</c><00:54:45.960><c> some</c><00:54:46.200><c> data</c><00:54:46.480><c> and</c><00:54:46.600><c> just</c><00:54:46.760><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3286.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just to get some some data and just to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3286.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just to get some some data and just to do<00:54:46.960><c> some</c><00:54:47.080><c> measurements.</c><00:54:47.520><c> I</c><00:54:47.560><c> mean,</c><00:54:47.720><c> we've</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3287.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "do some measurements. I mean, we've"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3287.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "do some measurements. I mean, we've we've<00:54:48.120><c> been</c><00:54:48.240><c> doing</c><00:54:48.520><c> it</c><00:54:48.720><c> on</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3289.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we've been doing it on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3289.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we've been doing it on gene<00:54:50.080><c> regulatory</c><00:54:50.600><c> networks</c><00:54:50.920><c> and</c><00:54:51.000><c> all</c><00:54:51.120><c> sorts</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3291.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "gene regulatory networks and all sorts"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3291.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "gene regulatory networks and all sorts of<00:54:51.440><c> weird</c><00:54:51.840><c> things</c><00:54:52.200><c> and</c><00:54:52.280><c> there's</c><00:54:52.440><c> some</c><00:54:52.640><c> really</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3292.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of weird things and there's some really"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3292.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of weird things and there's some really interesting<00:54:53.359><c> but</c><00:54:53.480><c> I</c><00:54:53.520><c> would</c><00:54:53.720><c> we</c><00:54:53.920><c> haven't</c><00:54:54.120><c> said</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3294.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interesting but I would we haven't said"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3294.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interesting but I would we haven't said a<00:54:54.280><c> word</c><00:54:54.480><c> about</c><00:54:54.640><c> consciousness</c><00:54:55.520><c> we</c><00:54:55.680><c> had</c><00:54:55.960><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3296.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a word about consciousness we had with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3296.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a word about consciousness we had with respect<00:54:56.520><c> to</c><00:54:56.560><c> that</c><00:54:56.760><c> but</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3297.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "respect to that but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3297.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "respect to that but just<00:54:58.560><c> just</c><00:54:59.240><c> the</c><00:54:59.359><c> data</c><00:54:59.640><c> alone</c><00:54:59.960><c> I</c><00:55:00.040><c> think</c><00:55:00.280><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3300.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just just the data alone I think are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3300.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just just the data alone I think are already<00:55:01.080><c> interesting</c><00:55:01.600><c> whatever</c><00:55:01.880><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3302.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "already interesting whatever the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3302.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "already interesting whatever the interpretation.<00:55:03.720><c> Your</c><00:55:04.120><c> data</c><00:55:04.480><c> has</c><00:55:04.760><c> really</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3305.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interpretation. Your data has really"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3305.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interpretation. Your data has really inspired<00:55:05.800><c> me</c><00:55:05.880><c> the</c><00:55:05.960><c> last</c><00:55:06.200><c> few</c><00:55:06.359><c> months.</c><00:55:07.280><c> I've</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3307.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "inspired me the last few months. I've"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3307.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "inspired me the last few months. I've just<00:55:07.720><c> really</c><00:55:08.359><c> your</c><00:55:08.560><c> work</c><00:55:09.320><c> your</c><00:55:09.440><c> whole</c><00:55:09.640><c> team</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3309.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just really your work your whole team"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3309.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just really your work your whole team has<00:55:10.040><c> really</c><00:55:10.400><c> inspired</c><00:55:10.760><c> me.</c><00:55:10.840><c> It</c><00:55:11.000><c> really</c><00:55:11.359><c> forced</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3311.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "has really inspired me. It really forced"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3311.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "has really inspired me. It really forced me<00:55:11.760><c> to</c><00:55:11.880><c> think</c><00:55:12.080><c> out</c><00:55:12.200><c> of</c><00:55:12.240><c> the</c><00:55:12.320><c> box</c><00:55:12.560><c> about</c><00:55:12.800><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3312.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "me to think out of the box about what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3312.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "me to think out of the box about what this<00:55:13.120><c> thing</c><00:55:13.359><c> can</c><00:55:13.560><c> do.</c><00:55:13.840><c> So,</c><00:55:14.080><c> thank</c><00:55:14.400><c> you.</c><00:55:14.760><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3314.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this thing can do. So, thank you. I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3314.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this thing can do. So, thank you. I mean,<00:55:15.000><c> it's</c><00:55:15.120><c> been</c><00:55:15.920><c> really</c><00:55:16.160><c> quite</c><00:55:16.400><c> fun.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3317.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mean, it's been really quite fun."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3317.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mean, it's been really quite fun. Thanks.<00:55:18.320><c> Your</c><00:55:18.520><c> your</c><00:55:18.680><c> your</c><00:55:19.240><c> your</c><00:55:19.400><c> podcast</c><00:55:19.880><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3320.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Thanks. Your your your your podcast with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3320.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Thanks. Your your your your podcast with Lex<00:55:20.280><c> Fridman,</c><00:55:20.680><c> I've</c><00:55:20.800><c> listened</c><00:55:21.040><c> to</c><00:55:21.160><c> it</c><00:55:21.280><c> like</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3321.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Lex Fridman, I've listened to it like"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3321.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Lex Fridman, I've listened to it like five<00:55:21.760><c> times</c><00:55:22.080><c> or</c><00:55:22.160><c> something</c><00:55:22.480><c> like</c><00:55:22.600><c> that.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3324.808,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "five times or something like that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3324.818,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "five times or something like that. &gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3325.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3325.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat] &gt;&gt; Don<00:55:25.480><c> Don</c><00:55:26.160><c> I</c><00:55:26.200><c> mean</c><00:55:26.400><c> on</c><00:55:26.560><c> on</c><00:55:26.720><c> this</c><00:55:26.920><c> topic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3327.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Don Don I mean on on this topic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3327.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Don Don I mean on on this topic specifically,<00:55:27.840><c> do</c><00:55:27.960><c> you</c><00:55:28.080><c> think</c><00:55:28.880><c> you</c><00:55:29.080><c> could</c><00:55:29.359><c> use</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3329.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "specifically, do you think you could use"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3329.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "specifically, do you think you could use not<00:55:30.240><c> the</c><00:55:30.680><c> inverse</c><00:55:31.160><c> trace</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3332.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "not the inverse trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3332.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "not the inverse trace as<00:55:32.400><c> a</c><00:55:32.480><c> sort</c><00:55:32.720><c> of</c><00:55:32.840><c> hypothesis</c><00:55:33.520><c> generation</c><00:55:34.760><c> for</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3335.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as a sort of hypothesis generation for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3335.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as a sort of hypothesis generation for this<00:55:35.680><c> kind</c><00:55:35.840><c> of</c><00:55:35.960><c> experiments</c><00:55:36.560><c> and</c><00:55:36.880><c> this</c><00:55:37.040><c> kind</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3337.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this kind of experiments and this kind"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3337.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this kind of experiments and this kind of<00:55:37.440><c> data</c><00:55:37.760><c> because</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3338.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of data because"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3338.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of data because I<00:55:38.840><c> mean</c><00:55:39.000><c> I</c><00:55:39.040><c> mean</c><00:55:39.600><c> it</c><00:55:39.720><c> seems</c><00:55:39.920><c> like</c><00:55:40.080><c> you</c><00:55:40.320><c> do</c><00:55:40.440><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3340.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I mean I mean it seems like you do the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3340.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I mean I mean it seems like you do the construction<00:55:41.240><c> sort</c><00:55:41.480><c> of</c><00:55:42.000><c> you</c><00:55:42.160><c> would</c><00:55:42.359><c> in</c><00:55:42.480><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3342.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "construction sort of you would in this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3342.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "construction sort of you would in this paper<00:55:43.000><c> at</c><00:55:43.120><c> least</c><00:55:43.280><c> in</c><00:55:43.359><c> the</c><00:55:43.440><c> paper</c><00:55:43.720><c> in</c><00:55:43.840><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3344.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "paper at least in the paper in this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3344.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "paper at least in the paper in this case,<00:55:44.640><c> we</c><00:55:44.760><c> did</c><00:55:44.920><c> it</c><00:55:45.000><c> mostly</c><00:55:45.320><c> forward</c><00:55:46.200><c> but</c><00:55:46.359><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3346.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "case, we did it mostly forward but you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3346.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "case, we did it mostly forward but you you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3347.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3347.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you you<00:55:47.720><c> do</c><00:55:47.960><c> have</c><00:55:48.160><c> a</c><00:55:48.280><c> calculus</c><00:55:49.040><c> and</c><00:55:49.160><c> an</c><00:55:49.400><c> algebra</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3349.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you do have a calculus and an algebra"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3349.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you do have a calculus and an algebra for<00:55:50.280><c> doing</c><00:55:50.560><c> it</c><00:55:50.720><c> backwards.</c><00:55:51.280><c> So,</c><00:55:51.800><c> you</c><00:55:51.920><c> have</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3352.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for doing it backwards. So, you have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3352.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for doing it backwards. So, you have let's<00:55:52.280><c> say</c><00:55:52.400><c> an</c><00:55:52.480><c> observed</c><00:55:53.520><c> effective</c><00:55:54.040><c> kernel</c><00:55:54.960><c> P</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3355.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "let's say an observed effective kernel P"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3355.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "let's say an observed effective kernel P sub<00:55:55.480><c> A</c><00:55:56.120><c> on</c><00:55:56.240><c> the</c><00:55:56.359><c> visible</c><00:55:56.760><c> states</c><00:55:57.280><c> A</c><00:55:57.840><c> and</c><00:55:58.040><c> then</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3358.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sub A on the visible states A and then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3358.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sub A on the visible states A and then with<00:55:58.680><c> the</c><00:55:58.880><c> trace</c><00:55:59.120><c> chain</c><00:55:59.359><c> theorem</c><00:55:59.880><c> says</c><00:56:00.080><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3360.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with the trace chain theorem says that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3360.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with the trace chain theorem says that any<00:56:00.440><c> cons</c><00:56:00.800><c> any</c><00:56:01.440><c> consistent</c><00:56:02.080><c> extension</c><00:56:02.720><c> P</c><00:56:03.000><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3363.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "any cons any consistent extension P with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3363.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "any cons any consistent extension P with the<00:56:03.280><c> hidden</c><00:56:03.560><c> states</c><00:56:04.320><c> A</c><00:56:05.000><c> prime</c><00:56:05.320><c> was</c><00:56:05.520><c> it?</c><00:56:05.760><c> Yeah,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3365.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the hidden states A prime was it? Yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3365.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the hidden states A prime was it? Yeah, A<00:56:06.040><c> prime.</c><00:56:06.760><c> Then</c><00:56:07.040><c> that</c><00:56:07.240><c> must</c><00:56:07.400><c> satisfy</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3367.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "A prime. Then that must satisfy"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3367.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "A prime. Then that must satisfy basically<00:56:08.400><c> the</c><00:56:08.600><c> the</c><00:56:08.800><c> the</c><00:56:08.920><c> theorem.</c><00:56:09.320><c> So,</c><00:56:09.680><c> then</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3370.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "basically the the the theorem. So, then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3370.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "basically the the the theorem. So, then the<00:56:10.280><c> A</c><00:56:10.440><c> B</c><00:56:10.680><c> C</c><00:56:10.880><c> D</c><00:56:11.240><c> sort</c><00:56:11.480><c> of</c><00:56:11.560><c> like</c><00:56:11.840><c> a</c><00:56:12.520><c> tuples</c><00:56:12.960><c> is</c><00:56:13.120><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3373.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the A B C D sort of like a tuples is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3373.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the A B C D sort of like a tuples is a sort<00:56:13.600><c> of</c><00:56:13.720><c> parameterized</c><00:56:14.600><c> hypothesis</c><00:56:15.160><c> space</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3375.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sort of parameterized hypothesis space"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3375.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sort of parameterized hypothesis space about<00:56:15.760><c> hidden</c><00:56:16.040><c> mechanisms</c><00:56:16.880><c> and</c><00:56:17.040><c> then</c><00:56:17.480><c> it</c><00:56:17.560><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3377.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about hidden mechanisms and then it just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3377.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about hidden mechanisms and then it just becomes<00:56:18.120><c> an</c><00:56:18.440><c> an</c><00:56:18.680><c> an</c><00:56:18.960><c> an</c><00:56:19.200><c> an</c><00:56:19.359><c> inverse</c><00:56:19.720><c> problem,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3380.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "becomes an an an an an inverse problem,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3380.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "becomes an an an an an inverse problem, right?<00:56:20.480><c> It</c><00:56:20.960><c> is</c><00:56:21.160><c> is</c><00:56:21.359><c> just</c><00:56:21.560><c> that.</c><00:56:21.960><c> So,</c><00:56:22.400><c> if</c><00:56:22.640><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3382.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right? It is is just that. So, if that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3382.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right? It is is just that. So, if that's the<00:56:23.040><c> case</c><00:56:24.040><c> and</c><00:56:24.160><c> we</c><00:56:24.359><c> have</c><00:56:24.720><c> a</c><00:56:24.760><c> lot</c><00:56:24.960><c> of</c><00:56:25.080><c> data</c><00:56:25.440><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3385.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the case and we have a lot of data in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3385.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the case and we have a lot of data in our<00:56:26.000><c> in</c><00:56:26.160><c> our</c><00:56:26.320><c> Synthesizer</c><00:56:26.760><c> paper,</c><00:56:27.040><c> we</c><00:56:27.160><c> used</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3387.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "our in our Synthesizer paper, we used"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3387.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "our in our Synthesizer paper, we used the<00:56:27.880><c> the</c><00:56:28.040><c> planarian</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3389.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the planarian"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3389.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the planarian regeneration<00:56:30.600><c> example</c><00:56:31.080><c> and</c><00:56:31.200><c> I</c><00:56:31.240><c> know</c><00:56:31.359><c> we</c><00:56:31.440><c> use</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3391.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "regeneration example and I know we use"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3391.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "regeneration example and I know we use the<00:56:31.640><c> data</c><00:56:31.920><c> in</c><00:56:32.040><c> that</c><00:56:32.240><c> literature</c><00:56:32.560><c> but</c><00:56:32.720><c> there</c><00:56:32.800><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3392.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the data in that literature but there is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3392.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the data in that literature but there is also<00:56:33.160><c> way</c><00:56:33.359><c> more</c><00:56:33.560><c> data</c><00:56:33.880><c> in</c><00:56:34.280><c> in</c><00:56:34.440><c> GRNs</c><00:56:35.000><c> and</c><00:56:35.240><c> stuff</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3395.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "also way more data in in GRNs and stuff"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3395.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "also way more data in in GRNs and stuff like<00:56:35.680><c> that.</c><00:56:36.320><c> So,</c><00:56:36.760><c> do</c><00:56:36.920><c> you</c><00:56:37.000><c> think</c><00:56:37.440><c> you</c><00:56:37.600><c> could</c><00:56:37.800><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3397.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like that. So, do you think you could we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3397.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like that. So, do you think you could we could<00:56:38.160><c> have</c><00:56:38.320><c> a</c><00:56:38.400><c> sort</c><00:56:38.640><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3399.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could have a sort of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3399.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could have a sort of a<00:56:39.920><c> model</c><00:56:40.800><c> in</c><00:56:41.080><c> the</c><00:56:41.359><c> inverse</c><00:56:41.840><c> trace</c><00:56:42.240><c> that</c><00:56:42.480><c> would</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3402.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a model in the inverse trace that would"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3402.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a model in the inverse trace that would distinguish<00:56:43.440><c> between</c><00:56:43.720><c> different</c><00:56:44.040><c> hypotheses</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3405.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "distinguish between different hypotheses"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3405.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "distinguish between different hypotheses that<00:56:45.440><c> explain</c><00:56:45.920><c> best</c><00:56:46.320><c> the</c><00:56:46.440><c> data</c><00:56:46.720><c> that</c><00:56:46.880><c> we</c><00:56:47.000><c> see?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3407.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that explain best the data that we see?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3407.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that explain best the data that we see? Yes,<00:56:48.600><c> in</c><00:56:48.720><c> the</c><00:56:48.800><c> following</c><00:56:49.200><c> sense.</c><00:56:49.520><c> So,</c><00:56:49.720><c> the</c><00:56:50.080><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3410.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yes, in the following sense. So, the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3410.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yes, in the following sense. So, the the trace<00:56:50.600><c> logic</c><00:56:51.000><c> because</c><00:56:51.320><c> it's</c><00:56:51.480><c> a</c><00:56:51.520><c> logic,</c><00:56:52.280><c> there</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3412.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic because it's a logic, there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3412.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace logic because it's a logic, there is<00:56:52.680><c> the</c><00:56:52.800><c> notion</c><00:56:53.240><c> of</c><00:56:53.400><c> not</c><00:56:53.680><c> only</c><00:56:53.920><c> the</c><00:56:54.080><c> meet</c><00:56:54.359><c> but</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3414.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is the notion of not only the meet but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3414.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is the notion of not only the meet but also<00:56:54.760><c> the</c><00:56:54.880><c> join.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3415.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "also the join."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3416.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "also the join. The<00:56:56.040><c> join,</c><00:56:56.320><c> yeah.</c><00:56:56.920><c> So,</c><00:56:57.040><c> I</c><00:56:57.120><c> can</c><00:56:57.600><c> take</c><00:56:57.960><c> two</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3419.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The join, yeah. So, I can take two"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3419.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The join, yeah. So, I can take two matrices"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3420.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrices"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3420.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrices and<00:57:01.080><c> if</c><00:57:01.240><c> they</c><00:57:01.520><c> are</c><00:57:01.640><c> compatible</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3423.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and if they are compatible"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3423.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and if they are compatible if<00:57:03.320><c> they're</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3423.714,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3423.724,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if they're &gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3423.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3423.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat] &gt;&gt; for<00:57:03.920><c> example</c><00:57:04.240><c> part</c><00:57:04.440><c> of</c><00:57:04.520><c> a</c><00:57:04.600><c> Boolean</c><00:57:04.920><c> sub</c><00:57:05.120><c> logic,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3425.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; for example part of a Boolean sub logic,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3425.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; for example part of a Boolean sub logic, then<00:57:06.600><c> they</c><00:57:06.920><c> they</c><00:57:07.080><c> have</c><00:57:07.280><c> a</c><00:57:07.359><c> join.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3428.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then they they have a join."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3428.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then they they have a join. Now,<00:57:08.640><c> Chetan</c><00:57:09.320><c> has</c><00:57:09.560><c> done</c><00:57:09.760><c> the</c><00:57:09.840><c> hard</c><00:57:10.080><c> work</c><00:57:10.840><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3431.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now, Chetan has done the hard work of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3431.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Now, Chetan has done the hard work of getting<00:57:11.920><c> a</c><00:57:12.000><c> closed</c><00:57:12.680><c> form</c><00:57:13.000><c> solution</c><00:57:13.600><c> for</c><00:57:13.920><c> very</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3434.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "getting a closed form solution for very"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3434.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "getting a closed form solution for very special<00:57:14.600><c> cases</c><00:57:15.160><c> and</c><00:57:15.320><c> it</c><00:57:15.440><c> turns</c><00:57:15.760><c> out</c><00:57:16.320><c> to</c><00:57:16.440><c> get</c><00:57:16.680><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3436.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "special cases and it turns out to get a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3436.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "special cases and it turns out to get a general<00:57:17.320><c> closed</c><00:57:17.600><c> form</c><00:57:17.840><c> solution</c><00:57:18.320><c> is</c><00:57:18.520><c> an</c><00:57:18.640><c> open</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3438.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "general closed form solution is an open"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3438.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "general closed form solution is an open problem."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3439.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "problem."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3439.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "problem. But<00:57:20.040><c> we</c><00:57:20.200><c> but</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3441.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But we but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3441.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But we but the<00:57:21.800><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3442.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3442.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the and<00:57:23.080><c> and</c><00:57:23.280><c> the</c><00:57:23.359><c> interesting</c><00:57:23.760><c> thing</c><00:57:23.960><c> is</c><00:57:24.560><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3444.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and and the interesting thing is so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3444.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and and the interesting thing is so there<00:57:25.440><c> there</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3447.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3447.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there there there<00:57:27.960><c> can</c><00:57:28.080><c> be</c><00:57:28.200><c> a</c><00:57:28.240><c> join.</c><00:57:28.520><c> There</c><00:57:28.640><c> can</c><00:57:28.800><c> also</c><00:57:29.160><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3449.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there can be a join. There can also be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3449.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there can be a join. There can also be so,<00:57:30.160><c> the</c><00:57:30.320><c> join</c><00:57:30.680><c> is</c><00:57:30.920><c> the</c><00:57:31.600><c> least</c><00:57:32.040><c> upper</c><00:57:32.240><c> bound,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3452.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so, the join is the least upper bound,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3452.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so, the join is the least upper bound, right?<00:57:33.040><c> Between</c><00:57:33.400><c> two.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3454.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right? Between two."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3454.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right? Between two. But<00:57:34.960><c> you</c><00:57:35.160><c> could</c><00:57:35.400><c> also</c><00:57:35.760><c> have</c><00:57:36.160><c> in</c><00:57:36.280><c> some</c><00:57:36.480><c> cases</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3457.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But you could also have in some cases"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3457.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But you could also have in some cases Chetan<00:57:37.440><c> has</c><00:57:37.560><c> pointed</c><00:57:37.840><c> out</c><00:57:37.960><c> that</c><00:57:38.080><c> there</c><00:57:38.240><c> could</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3458.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Chetan has pointed out that there could"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3458.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Chetan has pointed out that there could be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3459.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3459.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be a<00:57:39.880><c> whole</c><00:57:40.240><c> say</c><00:57:40.480><c> one</c><00:57:40.720><c> parameter</c><00:57:41.000><c> family</c><00:57:41.320><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3461.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a whole say one parameter family of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3461.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a whole say one parameter family of minimal<00:57:41.840><c> upper</c><00:57:42.040><c> bounds.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3463.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimal upper bounds."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3463.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimal upper bounds. So,<00:57:44.240><c> it's</c><00:57:44.520><c> going</c><00:57:44.640><c> to</c><00:57:44.680><c> be</c><00:57:44.800><c> very</c><00:57:45.080><c> very</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3465.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, it's going to be very very"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3465.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, it's going to be very very interesting.<00:57:45.760><c> We</c><00:57:46.200><c> we</c><00:57:46.320><c> with</c><00:57:46.480><c> the</c><00:57:46.560><c> trace</c><00:57:46.840><c> logic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3467.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interesting. We we with the trace logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3467.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interesting. We we with the trace logic for<00:57:47.400><c> certain</c><00:57:48.320><c> matrices,</c><00:57:49.480><c> there</c><00:57:49.600><c> may</c><00:57:49.760><c> not</c><00:57:49.960><c> be</c><00:57:50.200><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3470.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for certain matrices, there may not be a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3471.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for certain matrices, there may not be a a<00:57:51.120><c> unique</c><00:57:52.040><c> least</c><00:57:52.440><c> upper</c><00:57:52.640><c> bound.</c><00:57:53.000><c> There</c><00:57:53.160><c> could</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3473.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a unique least upper bound. There could"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3473.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a unique least upper bound. There could be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3474.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3474.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be a<00:57:54.480><c> family</c><00:57:55.120><c> of</c><00:57:55.440><c> minimal</c><00:57:55.920><c> upper</c><00:57:56.160><c> bounds</c><00:57:56.880><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3476.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a family of minimal upper bounds and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3477.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a family of minimal upper bounds and then<00:57:57.160><c> we</c><00:57:57.280><c> may</c><00:57:57.480><c> be</c><00:57:57.560><c> able</c><00:57:57.760><c> to</c><00:57:57.880><c> use</c><00:57:58.160><c> other</c><00:57:59.240><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3482.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "factors<00:58:02.960><c> to</c><00:58:03.120><c> choose</c><00:58:03.520><c> one</c><00:58:03.680><c> that</c><00:58:03.800><c> we</c><00:58:03.920><c> want.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3484.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "factors to choose one that we want."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3484.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "factors to choose one that we want. &gt;&gt; criteria<00:58:05.080><c> So,</c><00:58:05.240><c> other</c><00:58:05.440><c> criteria</c><00:58:06.120><c> for</c><00:58:06.800><c> for</c><00:58:07.000><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3487.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; criteria So, other criteria for for what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3487.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; criteria So, other criteria for for what we<00:58:07.359><c> want.</c><00:58:07.600><c> Maybe</c><00:58:07.800><c> we</c><00:58:07.920><c> want</c><00:58:08.160><c> something</c><00:58:08.440><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3488.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we want. Maybe we want something that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3488.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we want. Maybe we want something that's the<00:58:09.280><c> the</c><00:58:09.640><c> you</c><00:58:09.720><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3491.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3491.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the you know, some<00:58:11.480><c> kind</c><00:58:11.680><c> of</c><00:58:11.720><c> minimize</c><00:58:12.160><c> complexity</c><00:58:12.760><c> or</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3492.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "some kind of minimize complexity or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3492.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "some kind of minimize complexity or maximum<00:58:13.400><c> complexity</c><00:58:13.920><c> or</c><00:58:14.080><c> or</c><00:58:14.280><c> or</c><00:58:14.520><c> or</c><00:58:14.840><c> you</c><00:58:14.920><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3495.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "maximum complexity or or or or you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3495.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "maximum complexity or or or or you know, causal<00:58:16.480><c> causal</c><00:58:16.800><c> structure</c><00:58:17.200><c> or</c><00:58:17.240><c> greatest</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3497.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "causal causal structure or greatest"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3497.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "causal causal structure or greatest causal<00:58:17.920><c> structure</c><00:58:18.280><c> or</c><00:58:18.359><c> something</c><00:58:18.640><c> like</c><00:58:18.800><c> that.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3499.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "causal structure or something like that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3499.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "causal structure or something like that. So,<00:58:19.359><c> there</c><00:58:19.480><c> are</c><00:58:19.560><c> all</c><00:58:19.680><c> sorts</c><00:58:19.920><c> of</c><00:58:20.000><c> things</c><00:58:20.200><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3500.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, there are all sorts of things that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3500.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, there are all sorts of things that we<00:58:20.440><c> could</c><00:58:20.600><c> do.</c><00:58:20.760><c> So,</c><00:58:21.480><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3502.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we could do. So, so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3502.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we could do. So, so I<00:58:23.320><c> we</c><00:58:23.480><c> don't</c><00:58:23.880><c> know</c><00:58:24.240><c> if</c><00:58:24.480><c> there</c><00:58:24.720><c> is</c><00:58:25.000><c> a</c><00:58:25.320><c> general</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3505.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I we don't know if there is a general"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3505.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I we don't know if there is a general closed<00:58:26.280><c> form</c><00:58:26.600><c> formula</c><00:58:27.560><c> for</c><00:58:27.880><c> computing</c><00:58:28.480><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3508.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "closed form formula for computing the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3508.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "closed form formula for computing the join.<00:58:29.359><c> Chetan</c><00:58:29.760><c> has</c><00:58:29.920><c> it</c><00:58:30.040><c> for</c><00:58:30.160><c> a</c><00:58:30.200><c> special</c><00:58:30.640><c> case.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3511.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "join. Chetan has it for a special case."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3511.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "join. Chetan has it for a special case. It<00:58:31.880><c> it's</c><00:58:32.240><c> a</c><00:58:32.400><c> fair</c><00:58:32.960><c> bet</c><00:58:33.440><c> that</c><00:58:33.800><c> there</c><00:58:34.040><c> is</c><00:58:34.280><c> not</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3514.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It it's a fair bet that there is not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3514.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It it's a fair bet that there is not one.<00:58:35.080><c> That's</c><00:58:35.240><c> going</c><00:58:35.359><c> to</c><00:58:35.440><c> be</c><00:58:35.520><c> interesting</c><00:58:36.000><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3516.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one. That's going to be interesting to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3516.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one. That's going to be interesting to to<00:58:37.000><c> it's</c><00:58:37.160><c> an</c><00:58:37.240><c> interesting</c><00:58:37.720><c> open</c><00:58:37.960><c> mathematical</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3518.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to it's an interesting open mathematical"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3518.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to it's an interesting open mathematical problem<00:58:38.960><c> to</c><00:58:39.200><c> study</c><00:58:39.520><c> the</c><00:58:39.640><c> join</c><00:58:39.960><c> of</c><00:58:40.080><c> this</c><00:58:40.240><c> thing.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3521.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "problem to study the join of this thing."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3521.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "problem to study the join of this thing. And<00:58:41.680><c> and</c><00:58:42.040><c> and</c><00:58:42.240><c> we</c><00:58:42.680><c> I</c><00:58:42.800><c> can</c><00:58:42.920><c> give</c><00:58:43.160><c> you</c><00:58:43.280><c> the</c><00:58:43.640><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3524.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And and and we I can give you the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3524.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And and and we I can give you the the the<00:58:45.040><c> unpublished</c><00:58:45.440><c> paper</c><00:58:45.680><c> we</c><00:58:45.800><c> have</c><00:58:45.920><c> so</c><00:58:46.120><c> far</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3526.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the unpublished paper we have so far"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3526.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the unpublished paper we have so far where<00:58:46.640><c> Chetan's</c><00:58:47.080><c> stuff</c><00:58:47.320><c> is</c><00:58:47.440><c> there</c><00:58:47.600><c> and</c><00:58:47.680><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3527.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "where Chetan's stuff is there and you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3527.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "where Chetan's stuff is there and you can<00:58:47.880><c> see</c><00:58:48.520><c> what</c><00:58:48.680><c> we've</c><00:58:48.840><c> got</c><00:58:49.040><c> so</c><00:58:49.240><c> far</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3530.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can see what we've got so far"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3530.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can see what we've got so far and<00:58:50.760><c> it's</c><00:58:50.920><c> open</c><00:58:51.280><c> as</c><00:58:51.520><c> to</c><00:58:51.960><c> you</c><00:58:52.040><c> know,</c><00:58:52.200><c> how</c><00:58:53.320><c> to</c><00:58:54.359><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3534.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and it's open as to you know, how to to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3534.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and it's open as to you know, how to to generalize<00:58:55.200><c> that</c><00:58:55.640><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3536.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "generalize that to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3536.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "generalize that to or<00:58:57.120><c> to</c><00:58:57.240><c> prove</c><00:58:57.480><c> that</c><00:58:57.640><c> it</c><00:58:57.760><c> cannot</c><00:58:58.160><c> be</c><00:58:58.280><c> done,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3539.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "or to prove that it cannot be done,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3539.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "or to prove that it cannot be done, right?<00:58:59.480><c> But</c><00:58:59.640><c> it</c><00:58:59.760><c> cannot</c><00:59:00.000><c> be</c><00:59:00.080><c> generalized.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3540.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right? But it cannot be generalized."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3540.97,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right? But it cannot be generalized. &gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3544.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Mhm.<00:59:05.400><c> Yeah,</c><00:59:05.560><c> I</c><00:59:05.600><c> know.</c><00:59:05.760><c> It's</c><00:59:05.920><c> it's</c><00:59:06.080><c> it's</c><00:59:06.240><c> super</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3546.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Mhm. Yeah, I know. It's it's it's super"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3546.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Mhm. Yeah, I know. It's it's it's super interesting.<00:59:06.880><c> Yeah,</c><00:59:07.000><c> I</c><00:59:07.280><c> I</c><00:59:07.320><c> would</c><00:59:07.440><c> definitely</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3547.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interesting. Yeah, I I would definitely"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3547.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interesting. Yeah, I I would definitely love<00:59:08.000><c> to</c><00:59:08.160><c> to</c><00:59:08.320><c> to</c><00:59:08.480><c> see</c><00:59:08.640><c> those</c><00:59:08.800><c> papers</c><00:59:09.160><c> and</c><00:59:09.320><c> I</c><00:59:09.359><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3549.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "love to to to see those papers and I I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3549.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "love to to to see those papers and I I read<00:59:10.200><c> I</c><00:59:10.280><c> read</c><00:59:10.520><c> some</c><00:59:10.800><c> some</c><00:59:11.000><c> of</c><00:59:11.120><c> your</c><00:59:11.240><c> stuff</c><00:59:11.560><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3551.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "read I read some some of your stuff and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3551.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "read I read some some of your stuff and also<00:59:11.880><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3553.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "also the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3553.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "also the the<00:59:13.920><c> latest</c><00:59:14.240><c> on</c><00:59:14.359><c> Faces</c><00:59:14.640><c> of</c><00:59:14.760><c> Consciousness.</c><00:59:15.359><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3555.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the latest on Faces of Consciousness. I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3555.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the latest on Faces of Consciousness. I I<00:59:15.760><c> I</c><00:59:15.840><c> went</c><00:59:16.040><c> through</c><00:59:16.280><c> through</c><00:59:16.440><c> most</c><00:59:16.680><c> of</c><00:59:16.800><c> it.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3557.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I I went through through most of it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3557.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I I went through through most of it. Very<00:59:17.960><c> Okay,</c><00:59:18.320><c> you've</c><00:59:18.480><c> seen</c><00:59:18.640><c> the</c><00:59:18.720><c> trace</c><00:59:18.960><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3559.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Very Okay, you've seen the trace of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3559.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Very Okay, you've seen the trace of consciousness<00:59:19.440><c> paper,</c><00:59:19.760><c> right?</c><00:59:19.960><c> Okay.</c><00:59:20.240><c> So,</c><00:59:20.640><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3560.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness paper, right? Okay. So, so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3560.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness paper, right? Okay. So, so it's<00:59:21.000><c> in</c><00:59:21.120><c> the</c><00:59:21.280><c> appendix</c><00:59:22.000><c> at</c><00:59:22.160><c> the</c><00:59:22.320><c> at</c><00:59:22.480><c> the</c><00:59:22.680><c> at</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3562.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's in the appendix at the at the at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3562.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's in the appendix at the at the at the<00:59:22.960><c> back</c><00:59:23.160><c> of</c><00:59:23.240><c> that</c><00:59:23.359><c> paper</c><00:59:23.600><c> that</c><00:59:23.760><c> you</c><00:59:23.800><c> already</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3564.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the back of that paper that you already"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3564.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the back of that paper that you already have,<00:59:24.640><c> um</c><00:59:24.840><c> you'll</c><00:59:25.000><c> see</c><00:59:25.240><c> Chetan's</c><00:59:25.800><c> work</c><00:59:26.480><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3567.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have, um you'll see Chetan's work um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3567.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have, um you'll see Chetan's work um on<00:59:27.480><c> on</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3568.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "on on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3568.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "on on what<00:59:28.800><c> we</c><00:59:28.920><c> have</c><00:59:29.040><c> so</c><00:59:29.200><c> far</c><00:59:29.400><c> on</c><00:59:29.480><c> the</c><00:59:29.560><c> join.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3570.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what we have so far on the join."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3570.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what we have so far on the join. Yeah,<00:59:31.080><c> work</c><00:59:31.400><c> in</c><00:59:31.560><c> progress.</c><00:59:32.359><c> Yeah.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3573.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, work in progress. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3573.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, work in progress. Yeah. Of<00:59:33.440><c> course.</c><00:59:34.160><c> Yeah,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3575.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Of course. Yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3575.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Of course. Yeah, I<00:59:35.320><c> know</c><00:59:35.520><c> I</c><00:59:35.600><c> know</c><00:59:35.720><c> if</c><00:59:35.800><c> you</c><00:59:35.880><c> work</c><00:59:36.040><c> because</c><00:59:36.280><c> I</c><00:59:36.320><c> am</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3576.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I know I know if you work because I am"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3576.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I know I know if you work because I am one<00:59:36.680><c> of</c><00:59:36.800><c> my</c><00:59:36.920><c> best</c><00:59:37.120><c> friends</c><00:59:37.320><c> is</c><00:59:37.400><c> Robert</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3577.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one of my best friends is Robert"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3577.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one of my best friends is Robert Breadner,<00:59:38.040><c> so</c><00:59:38.640><c> I</c><00:59:39.000><c> we</c><00:59:39.120><c> talk</c><00:59:39.320><c> a</c><00:59:39.360><c> lot.</c><00:59:39.480><c> We</c><00:59:39.560><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3579.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Breadner, so I we talk a lot. We just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3579.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Breadner, so I we talk a lot. We just submitted<00:59:40.360><c> a</c><00:59:40.400><c> paper</c><00:59:40.720><c> on</c><00:59:41.120><c> on</c><00:59:41.320><c> IIT</c><00:59:41.920><c> and</c><00:59:42.120><c> and</c><00:59:42.320><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3582.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "submitted a paper on on IIT and and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3582.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "submitted a paper on on IIT and and and causal<00:59:42.920><c> agent's</c><00:59:43.160><c> theory.</c><00:59:43.920><c> Oh,</c><00:59:44.080><c> yes,</c><00:59:44.360><c> right,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3584.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "causal agent's theory. Oh, yes, right,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3584.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "causal agent's theory. Oh, yes, right, right."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3588.131,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3589.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3589.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat] &gt;&gt; Yeah,<00:59:49.360><c> of</c><00:59:49.480><c> course</c><00:59:49.720><c> we</c><00:59:49.800><c> know</c><00:59:49.960><c> Robert</c><00:59:50.280><c> quite</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3590.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah, of course we know Robert quite"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3590.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah, of course we know Robert quite well,<00:59:50.720><c> yeah.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3592.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "well, yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3592.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "well, yeah. So,<00:59:53.400><c> I</c><00:59:53.480><c> have</c><00:59:53.640><c> a</c><00:59:53.680><c> question,</c><00:59:54.040><c> John,</c><00:59:54.240><c> about</c><00:59:54.520><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3595.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I have a question, John, about the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3595.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I have a question, John, about the um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3596.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3596.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um definition<00:59:56.720><c> of</c><00:59:56.800><c> the</c><00:59:56.880><c> trace.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3598.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "definition of the trace."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3598.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "definition of the trace. The<00:59:59.120><c> the</c><00:59:59.280><c> trace</c><00:59:59.800><c> of</c><00:59:59.960><c> any</c><01:00:00.440><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3602.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The the trace of any Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3602.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "The the trace of any Markov process<01:00:03.400><c> is</c><01:00:03.600><c> also</c><01:00:03.920><c> a</c><01:00:04.000><c> Markov</c><01:00:04.440><c> process,</c><01:00:05.200><c> right?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3605.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "process is also a Markov process, right?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3606.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "process is also a Markov process, right? Yes."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3607.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yes."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3607.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yes. Yeah,<01:00:07.520><c> okay.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3608.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, okay."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3608.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, okay. So,<01:00:08.840><c> do</c><01:00:09.000><c> you</c><01:00:09.080><c> have</c><01:00:09.520><c> Do</c><01:00:09.640><c> you</c><01:00:09.800><c> have</c><01:00:10.080><c> an</c><01:00:10.160><c> available</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3610.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, do you have Do you have an available"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3611.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, do you have Do you have an available model"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3612.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "model"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3612.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "model of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3613.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3613.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of observations<01:00:15.360><c> that</c><01:00:16.000><c> are</c><01:00:16.680><c> or</c><01:00:16.880><c> sequences</c><01:00:17.520><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3617.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observations that are or sequences of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3617.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observations that are or sequences of observations<01:00:18.440><c> that</c><01:00:18.560><c> are</c><01:00:18.640><c> not</c><01:00:18.960><c> Markov?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3621.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observations that are not Markov?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3621.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observations that are not Markov? So,<01:00:22.440><c> uh</c><01:00:22.920><c> sequences</c><01:00:23.640><c> of</c><01:00:23.800><c> observations</c><01:00:25.240><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3626.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, uh sequences of observations that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3626.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, uh sequences of observations that um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3629.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "violate"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3630.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "violate"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3630.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "violate constant<01:00:31.280><c> probability</c><01:00:32.080><c> of</c><01:00:32.400><c> switching</c><01:00:32.840><c> from</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3633.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "constant probability of switching from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3633.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "constant probability of switching from one<01:00:33.280><c> state</c><01:00:33.680><c> to</c><01:00:33.800><c> the</c><01:00:33.920><c> next.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3635.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one state to the next."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3635.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one state to the next. So,<01:00:35.760><c> so</c><01:00:35.960><c> that</c><01:00:36.160><c> the</c><01:00:36.280><c> probability</c><01:00:36.920><c> is</c><01:00:37.000><c> not</c><01:00:37.160><c> well</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3637.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, so that the probability is not well"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3637.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, so that the probability is not well defined."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3639.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "defined."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3639.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "defined. Right,<01:00:39.520><c> it</c><01:00:39.640><c> depends</c><01:00:40.000><c> on</c><01:00:40.120><c> your</c><01:00:40.480><c> your</c><01:00:40.640><c> time</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3640.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right, it depends on your your time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3640.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right, it depends on your your time window<01:00:41.360><c> and</c><01:00:41.560><c> how</c><01:00:41.720><c> you</c><01:00:41.880><c> want</c><01:00:42.120><c> to</c><01:00:42.280><c> coarse-grain</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3642.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "window and how you want to coarse-grain"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3642.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "window and how you want to coarse-grain the<01:00:42.880><c> states,</c><01:00:43.760><c> right?</c><01:00:44.720><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3646.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the states, right? So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3646.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the states, right? So, it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3647.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3647.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's one<01:00:48.120><c> one</c><01:00:48.320><c> can</c><01:00:48.440><c> say</c><01:00:48.600><c> that</c><01:00:48.800><c> look,</c><01:00:49.400><c> there</c><01:00:49.560><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3649.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one one can say that look, there are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3649.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one one can say that look, there are many<01:00:49.920><c> many</c><01:00:50.120><c> systems</c><01:00:50.840><c> that</c><01:00:51.320><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3652.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "many many systems that um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3652.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "many many systems that um aren't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3653.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "aren't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3653.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "aren't it's<01:00:53.720><c> not</c><01:00:53.880><c> the</c><01:00:53.960><c> case</c><01:00:54.200><c> that</c><01:00:54.400><c> if</c><01:00:54.560><c> you</c><01:00:54.640><c> look</c><01:00:54.840><c> at</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3654.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's not the case that if you look at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3655.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's not the case that if you look at the<01:00:55.200><c> the</c><01:00:55.320><c> states</c><01:00:55.680><c> I've</c><01:00:55.800><c> given</c><01:00:56.080><c> you,</c><01:00:56.600><c> that</c><01:00:56.960><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3657.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the states I've given you, that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3657.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the states I've given you, that the probability<01:00:58.280><c> of</c><01:00:58.480><c> the</c><01:00:58.560><c> next</c><01:00:58.760><c> state</c><01:00:58.960><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3660.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probability of the next state is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3660.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probability of the next state is can<01:01:00.320><c> be</c><01:01:00.400><c> given</c><01:01:00.720><c> exactly</c><01:01:01.280><c> just</c><01:01:01.640><c> based</c><01:01:01.920><c> on</c><01:01:02.040><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3662.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can be given exactly just based on the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3662.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can be given exactly just based on the current<01:01:02.440><c> state.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3663.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "current state."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3663.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "current state. You<01:01:03.560><c> might</c><01:01:03.800><c> need</c><01:01:03.960><c> to</c><01:01:04.040><c> have</c><01:01:04.320><c> look</c><01:01:04.480><c> at</c><01:01:04.560><c> three</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3664.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "You might need to have look at three"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3664.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "You might need to have look at three states<01:01:05.080><c> or</c><01:01:05.160><c> five</c><01:01:05.440><c> states</c><01:01:05.720><c> or</c><01:01:05.840><c> 10</c><01:01:06.040><c> states</c><01:01:06.360><c> or</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3666.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "states or five states or 10 states or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3666.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "states or five states or 10 states or whatever,<01:01:07.120><c> you</c><01:01:07.200><c> know,</c><01:01:07.320><c> you're</c><01:01:07.480><c> bigger</c><01:01:08.240><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3668.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "whatever, you know, you're bigger a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3668.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "whatever, you know, you're bigger a bigger<01:01:08.560><c> bigger</c><01:01:08.840><c> window</c><01:01:09.200><c> to</c><01:01:10.000><c> to</c><01:01:10.240><c> get</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3671.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bigger bigger window to to get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3671.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bigger bigger window to to get uh<01:01:11.640><c> the</c><01:01:11.760><c> probability.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3673.927,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh the probability."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3673.937,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh the probability. &gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3674.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3674.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat] &gt;&gt; But<01:01:14.360><c> but</c><01:01:14.640><c> in</c><01:01:14.760><c> those</c><01:01:15.000><c> cases,</c><01:01:15.520><c> you</c><01:01:15.680><c> can</c><01:01:15.840><c> always</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3676.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; But but in those cases, you can always"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3676.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; But but in those cases, you can always then<01:01:16.440><c> create</c><01:01:16.720><c> new</c><01:01:16.840><c> states</c><01:01:17.680><c> and</c><01:01:17.840><c> then</c><01:01:17.960><c> turn</c><01:01:18.160><c> it</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3678.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then create new states and then turn it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3678.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then create new states and then turn it Markov."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3679.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3679.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov. So,<01:01:19.720><c> basically</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3680.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, basically"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3680.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, basically &gt;&gt; You can<01:01:20.640><c> expand</c><01:01:21.240><c> the</c><01:01:21.680><c> the</c><01:01:21.800><c> state</c><01:01:22.120><c> space.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3684.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; You can expand the the state space."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3684.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; You can expand the the state space. Actually<01:01:24.640><c> multiply</c><01:01:25.320><c> it.</c><01:01:25.800><c> And</c><01:01:25.920><c> there's</c><01:01:26.160><c> there</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3686.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Actually multiply it. And there's there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3686.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Actually multiply it. And there's there can<01:01:26.440><c> be</c><01:01:26.560><c> a</c><01:01:26.640><c> combinatorial</c><01:01:27.760><c> explosion,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3688.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can be a combinatorial explosion,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3688.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can be a combinatorial explosion, though.<01:01:29.160><c> You</c><01:01:29.680><c> do</c><01:01:29.800><c> need</c><01:01:30.000><c> to</c><01:01:30.120><c> be</c><01:01:30.240><c> aware</c><01:01:30.560><c> of</c><01:01:30.680><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3690.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "though. You do need to be aware of that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3690.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "though. You do need to be aware of that possibility."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3692.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "possibility."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3692.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "possibility. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3692.922,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3692.932,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And &gt;&gt; [music]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3693.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [music]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3693.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [music] &gt;&gt; um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3694.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3694.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; um and<01:01:34.320><c> this</c><01:01:34.480><c> only</c><01:01:34.720><c> works</c><01:01:35.000><c> for</c><01:01:35.160><c> finite</c><01:01:35.960><c> memory.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3696.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and this only works for finite memory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3696.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and this only works for finite memory. It<01:01:36.840><c> doesn't</c><01:01:37.120><c> work</c><01:01:37.320><c> for</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3698.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It doesn't work for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3698.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It doesn't work for infinite<01:01:38.760><c> memory.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3700.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "infinite memory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3701.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "infinite memory. But<01:01:41.160><c> even</c><01:01:41.400><c> for</c><01:01:41.560><c> finite</c><01:01:41.960><c> memory,</c><01:01:42.560><c> you</c><01:01:42.800><c> you</c><01:01:42.920><c> do</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3703.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But even for finite memory, you you do"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3703.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But even for finite memory, you you do have<01:01:43.240><c> to</c><01:01:43.320><c> be</c><01:01:43.400><c> a</c><01:01:43.440><c> little</c><01:01:43.760><c> careful</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3704.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have to be a little careful"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3704.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have to be a little careful that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3706.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3706.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that I<01:01:46.320><c> mean,</c><01:01:46.440><c> the</c><01:01:46.560><c> combinatorics</c><01:01:47.320><c> can</c><01:01:47.480><c> get</c><01:01:47.800><c> nuts.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3709.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I mean, the combinatorics can get nuts."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3709.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I mean, the combinatorics can get nuts. Which<01:01:49.440><c> is</c><01:01:50.280><c> seems</c><01:01:50.600><c> to</c><01:01:50.680><c> be</c><01:01:50.840><c> often</c><01:01:51.160><c> the</c><01:01:51.280><c> problem</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3711.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Which is seems to be often the problem"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3711.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Which is seems to be often the problem in<01:01:51.880><c> consciousness</c><01:01:52.520><c> research.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3715.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right,<01:01:56.200><c> you</c><01:01:56.240><c> know,</c><01:01:56.480><c> I</c><01:01:56.840><c> I'm</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3717.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right, you know, I I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3717.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right, you know, I I'm I'm<01:01:58.080><c> of</c><01:01:58.200><c> course</c><01:01:58.760><c> mainly</c><01:01:59.120><c> interested</c><01:01:59.680><c> in</c><01:02:00.480><c> uh</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3721.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm of course mainly interested in uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3721.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm of course mainly interested in uh issues<01:02:01.480><c> like</c><01:02:01.680><c> contextuality</c><01:02:02.800><c> and</c><01:02:03.160><c> quantum</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3723.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "issues like contextuality and quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3723.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "issues like contextuality and quantum theory,<01:02:03.800><c> where</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3724.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory, where"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3724.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theory, where you<01:02:04.960><c> have</c><01:02:05.560><c> groups</c><01:02:05.920><c> of</c><01:02:06.080><c> observations</c><01:02:07.040><c> for</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3727.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you have groups of observations for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3727.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you have groups of observations for which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3728.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3728.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which joint<01:02:09.280><c> probabilities</c><01:02:10.040><c> can't</c><01:02:10.320><c> be</c><01:02:10.400><c> defined.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3732.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "joint probabilities can't be defined."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3732.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "joint probabilities can't be defined. And<01:02:12.520><c> so,</c><01:02:13.520><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3738.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3739.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3739.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you can't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3742.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "build<01:02:22.760><c> a</c><01:02:22.840><c> single</c><01:02:23.960><c> self-consistent</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3745.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "build a single self-consistent"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3745.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "build a single self-consistent hidden<01:02:26.240><c> variable</c><01:02:26.760><c> theory.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3752.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So,<01:02:33.120><c> I</c><01:02:33.360><c> I</c><01:02:33.440><c> don't</c><01:02:33.720><c> know</c><01:02:33.880><c> whether</c><01:02:34.160><c> the</c><01:02:34.320><c> formalism</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3755.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I I don't know whether the formalism"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3755.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, I I don't know whether the formalism will<01:02:35.680><c> handle</c><01:02:36.120><c> that</c><01:02:36.360><c> sort</c><01:02:36.600><c> of</c><01:02:36.680><c> situation</c><01:02:37.400><c> or</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3757.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "will handle that sort of situation or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3757.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "will handle that sort of situation or not."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3760.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Since<01:02:41.160><c> Since</c><01:02:41.480><c> you</c><01:02:41.640><c> do</c><01:02:41.920><c> seem</c><01:02:42.120><c> to</c><01:02:42.200><c> be</c><01:02:42.360><c> always</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3762.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Since Since you do seem to be always"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3762.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Since Since you do seem to be always assuming<01:02:43.200><c> well-defined</c><01:02:43.760><c> probability</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3764.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "assuming well-defined probability"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3764.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "assuming well-defined probability distributions."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3766.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "distributions."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3766.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "distributions. Can<01:02:46.320><c> you</c><01:02:46.400><c> say</c><01:02:46.600><c> more</c><01:02:46.760><c> about</c><01:02:47.000><c> the</c><01:02:47.120><c> system</c><01:02:47.480><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3767.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Can you say more about the system that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3767.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Can you say more about the system that that<01:02:48.520><c> that</c><01:02:48.680><c> doesn't</c><01:02:48.960><c> work,</c><01:02:49.120><c> Chris?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3770.213,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that that doesn't work, Chris?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3770.223,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that that doesn't work, Chris? &gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3774.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Uh<01:02:54.440><c> well,</c><01:02:54.800><c> contextuality</c><01:02:55.640><c> is</c><01:02:56.000><c> is</c><01:02:56.360><c> defined</c><01:02:57.000><c> as</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3777.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Uh well, contextuality is is defined as"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3777.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Uh well, contextuality is is defined as as<01:02:57.520><c> a</c><01:02:57.720><c> as</c><01:02:57.920><c> a</c><01:02:58.000><c> phenomenon</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3779.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as a as a phenomenon"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3779.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as a as a phenomenon uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3780.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3780.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh sets<01:03:01.480><c> of</c><01:03:01.640><c> observations</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3783.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sets of observations"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3783.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sets of observations uh<01:03:04.400><c> over</c><01:03:04.720><c> which</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3786.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh over which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3786.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh over which no"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3787.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "no"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3787.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "no sets<01:03:08.120><c> of</c><01:03:08.240><c> observations</c><01:03:09.000><c> for</c><01:03:09.160><c> which</c><01:03:09.440><c> a</c><01:03:09.480><c> joint</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3789.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sets of observations for which a joint"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3789.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sets of observations for which a joint probability<01:03:10.560><c> distribution</c><01:03:11.200><c> is</c><01:03:11.360><c> undefinable.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3792.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probability distribution is undefinable."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3792.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probability distribution is undefinable. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3794.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3794.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. For<01:03:14.240><c> which</c><01:03:14.480><c> the</c><01:03:14.640><c> statistics</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3797.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "For which the statistics"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3797.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "For which the statistics violate<01:03:17.880><c> the</c><01:03:18.000><c> Kolmogorov</c><01:03:18.640><c> axioms.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3804.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I<01:03:24.240><c> suspect</c><01:03:25.000><c> that</c><01:03:25.760><c> the</c><01:03:25.880><c> fact</c><01:03:26.200><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3807.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I suspect that the fact that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3807.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I suspect that the fact that joins<01:03:28.000><c> don't</c><01:03:28.280><c> always</c><01:03:28.760><c> work</c><01:03:29.360><c> might</c><01:03:29.640><c> have</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3809.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "joins don't always work might have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3809.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "joins don't always work might have something<01:03:30.200><c> to</c><01:03:30.320><c> do</c><01:03:30.480><c> with</c><01:03:30.640><c> that.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3811.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something to do with that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3811.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something to do with that. &gt;&gt; That's<01:03:31.200><c> what</c><01:03:31.320><c> I</c><01:03:31.360><c> was</c><01:03:31.480><c> thinking,</c><01:03:31.800><c> too.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3812.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; That's what I was thinking, too."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3812.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; That's what I was thinking, too. Yeah,<01:03:33.080><c> that</c><01:03:33.440><c> that's</c><01:03:33.880><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3814.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, that that's that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3814.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, that that's that's &gt;&gt; I I<01:03:34.400><c> originally</c><01:03:35.160><c> thought</c><01:03:35.440><c> your</c><01:03:35.560><c> question</c><01:03:36.000><c> was</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3816.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; I I originally thought your question was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3816.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; I I originally thought your question was about,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3817.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3817.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about, you<01:03:37.440><c> know,</c><01:03:37.560><c> having</c><01:03:37.880><c> the</c><01:03:37.960><c> same</c><01:03:38.320><c> probabilities</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3819.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, having the same probabilities"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3819.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, having the same probabilities every<01:03:39.440><c> time.</c><01:03:39.760><c> And</c><01:03:39.840><c> of</c><01:03:39.920><c> course,</c><01:03:40.120><c> you</c><01:03:40.200><c> don't</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3820.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "every time. And of course, you don't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3820.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "every time. And of course, you don't need<01:03:40.560><c> that</c><01:03:40.760><c> with</c><01:03:40.920><c> Markov</c><01:03:41.320><c> chains.</c><01:03:41.600><c> They</c><01:03:41.680><c> don't</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3821.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "need that with Markov chains. They don't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3821.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "need that with Markov chains. They don't have<01:03:42.000><c> to</c><01:03:42.120><c> be</c><01:03:42.240><c> homogeneous,</c><01:03:42.920><c> but</c><01:03:43.480><c> that's</c><01:03:43.680><c> not</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3823.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have to be homogeneous, but that's not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3823.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have to be homogeneous, but that's not your<01:03:44.040><c> question.</c><01:03:44.560><c> It's</c><01:03:44.760><c> It's</c><01:03:45.000><c> much</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3825.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "your question. It's It's much"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3826.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "your question. It's It's much It's<01:03:46.520><c> It's</c><01:03:46.720><c> more</c><01:03:47.000><c> abstract</c><01:03:47.520><c> than</c><01:03:47.640><c> that.</c><01:03:48.440><c> Yeah.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3828.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's It's more abstract than that. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3828.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's It's more abstract than that. Yeah. But<01:03:48.800><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3829.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3829.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But I that<01:03:50.040><c> you</c><01:03:50.160><c> know,</c><01:03:50.320><c> what</c><01:03:50.480><c> I</c><01:03:50.560><c> would</c><01:03:51.320><c> my</c><01:03:51.560><c> hope</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3831.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that you know, what I would my hope"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3831.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that you know, what I would my hope would<01:03:52.080><c> be</c><01:03:52.280><c> to</c><01:03:52.840><c> to</c><01:03:53.000><c> somehow</c><01:03:53.480><c> find</c><01:03:54.040><c> sub</c><01:03:54.640><c> logics</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3835.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "would be to to somehow find sub logics"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3835.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "would be to to somehow find sub logics which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3836.369,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3836.379,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which &gt;&gt; [snorts]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3836.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [snorts]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3836.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [snorts] &gt;&gt; actually<01:03:56.840><c> look</c><01:03:57.040><c> like</c><01:03:57.200><c> quantum</c><01:03:57.560><c> logics.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3840.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3841.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3841.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um Right."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3841.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3841.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. &gt;&gt; But<01:04:02.359><c> you</c><01:04:02.480><c> know,</c><01:04:02.600><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3843.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; But you know, that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3843.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; But you know, that if<01:04:03.640><c> that</c><01:04:03.880><c> happens,</c><01:04:04.440><c> then</c><01:04:05.200><c> we</c><01:04:05.359><c> could</c><01:04:05.720><c> possibly</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3846.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if that happens, then we could possibly"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3846.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if that happens, then we could possibly answer<01:04:06.600><c> your</c><01:04:06.760><c> question</c><01:04:07.280><c> in</c><01:04:07.600><c> affirmative.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3849.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "answer your question in affirmative."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3849.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "answer your question in affirmative. I<01:04:09.200><c> mean,</c><01:04:09.280><c> that</c><01:04:09.440><c> would</c><01:04:09.560><c> be</c><01:04:09.680><c> one</c><01:04:09.960><c> way</c><01:04:10.080><c> to</c><01:04:10.240><c> do</c><01:04:10.480><c> it.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3851.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I mean, that would be one way to do it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3851.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I mean, that would be one way to do it. Okay.<01:04:12.800><c> So,</c><01:04:13.560><c> uh</c><01:04:13.640><c> another</c><01:04:13.960><c> way</c><01:04:14.080><c> to</c><01:04:14.200><c> think</c><01:04:14.359><c> of</c><01:04:14.440><c> it</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3854.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay. So, uh another way to think of it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3854.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Okay. So, uh another way to think of it in<01:04:14.680><c> your</c><01:04:14.840><c> formalism</c><01:04:15.359><c> might</c><01:04:15.600><c> be</c><01:04:15.880><c> if</c><01:04:16.040><c> there</c><01:04:16.280><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3859.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pairs<01:04:20.080><c> Yeah,</c><01:04:20.600><c> this</c><01:04:20.840><c> would</c><01:04:21.000><c> be</c><01:04:21.120><c> part</c><01:04:21.320><c> of</c><01:04:21.400><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3861.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pairs Yeah, this would be part of what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3861.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pairs Yeah, this would be part of what look<01:04:21.720><c> like</c><01:04:21.960><c> a</c><01:04:22.000><c> quantum</c><01:04:22.359><c> logic.</c><01:04:22.760><c> If</c><01:04:22.880><c> you</c><01:04:22.960><c> have</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3863.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "look like a quantum logic. If you have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3863.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "look like a quantum logic. If you have pairs<01:04:23.520><c> in</c><01:04:23.680><c> the</c><01:04:23.800><c> trace</c><01:04:24.320><c> logic</c><01:04:25.000><c> network</c><01:04:25.600><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3865.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pairs in the trace logic network that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3865.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pairs in the trace logic network that don't<01:04:26.000><c> commute.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3867.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "don't commute."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3867.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "don't commute. Oh,<01:04:28.000><c> easily.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3869.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Oh, easily."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3869.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Oh, easily. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3872.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That<01:04:32.440><c> That</c><01:04:32.600><c> may</c><01:04:32.760><c> be</c><01:04:32.880><c> a</c><01:04:32.960><c> way</c><01:04:33.200><c> of</c><01:04:33.520><c> approaching</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3874.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That That may be a way of approaching"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3874.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That That may be a way of approaching this<01:04:34.920><c> joint</c><01:04:35.880><c> question,</c><01:04:36.440><c> John.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3878.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this joint question, John."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3878.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this joint question, John. Yeah,<01:04:38.680><c> that</c><01:04:39.080><c> matrices</c><01:04:39.440><c> have</c><01:04:39.560><c> no</c><01:04:39.680><c> joint.</c><01:04:40.560><c> Yeah,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3880.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, that matrices have no joint. Yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3880.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, that matrices have no joint. Yeah, to<01:04:40.960><c> get</c><01:04:41.120><c> back</c><01:04:41.400><c> to</c><01:04:41.520><c> your</c><01:04:42.200><c> comment</c><01:04:42.600><c> about</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3883.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to get back to your comment about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3883.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to get back to your comment about unitarity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3885.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3885.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity um<01:04:45.800><c> at</c><01:04:45.920><c> the</c><01:04:46.000><c> very</c><01:04:46.280><c> beginning.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3887.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um at the very beginning."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3887.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um at the very beginning. And<01:04:47.560><c> unitarity</c><01:04:48.120><c> is</c><01:04:48.359><c> really</c><01:04:48.760><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3889.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And unitarity is really just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3889.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And unitarity is really just conservation<01:04:49.760><c> of</c><01:04:49.880><c> information.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3892.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conservation of information."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3892.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conservation of information. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3893.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3893.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And Kolmogorov<01:04:54.560><c> probability</c><01:04:55.240><c> is</c><01:04:55.480><c> really</c><01:04:55.880><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3896.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Kolmogorov probability is really just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3896.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Kolmogorov probability is really just conservation<01:04:56.840><c> of</c><01:04:56.960><c> information.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3899.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conservation of information."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3899.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conservation of information. So,<01:04:59.600><c> if</c><01:04:59.800><c> you</c><01:05:00.320><c> don't</c><01:05:00.840><c> have</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3903.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, if you don't have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3903.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, if you don't have situations<01:05:04.400><c> in</c><01:05:04.600><c> which</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3905.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "situations in which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3905.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "situations in which information<01:05:06.800><c> is</c><01:05:07.240><c> actually</c><01:05:07.800><c> lost</c><01:05:08.600><c> in</c><01:05:08.720><c> some</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3909.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "information is actually lost in some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3909.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "information is actually lost in some global<01:05:09.680><c> sense,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3911.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "global sense,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3911.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "global sense, uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3912.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3913.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh sort<01:05:13.280><c> of</c><01:05:13.720><c> at</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3914.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sort of at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3914.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sort of at informational<01:05:15.400><c> singularities,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3915.625,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "informational singularities,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3915.635,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "informational singularities, [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3916.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "[clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3916.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "[clears throat] if<01:05:16.560><c> you</c><01:05:16.680><c> will,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3918.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if you will,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3918.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if you will, then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3920.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3920.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "then the<01:05:20.480><c> system</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3922.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the system"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3922.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the system uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3923.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3923.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh satisfies<01:05:24.040><c> unitarity</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3925.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "satisfies unitarity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3926.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "satisfies unitarity as<01:05:26.359><c> it's</c><01:05:26.640><c> used</c><01:05:27.040><c> as</c><01:05:27.280><c> an</c><01:05:27.640><c> axiom</c><01:05:28.240><c> within</c><01:05:28.600><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3928.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as it's used as an axiom within the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3928.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as it's used as an axiom within the information<01:05:29.520><c> theory,</c><01:05:29.920><c> which</c><01:05:30.120><c> is</c><01:05:30.359><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3930.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "information theory, which is just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3930.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "information theory, which is just conservation<01:05:31.480><c> of</c><01:05:31.600><c> information.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3933.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conservation of information."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3933.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conservation of information. Hm."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3937.25,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3937.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3937.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat] &gt;&gt; So,<01:05:37.720><c> that</c><01:05:37.960><c> this</c><01:05:38.280><c> is</c><01:05:38.440><c> where</c><01:05:38.600><c> I</c><01:05:38.680><c> was</c><01:05:38.960><c> I</c><01:05:39.040><c> was</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3939.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; So, that this is where I was I was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3939.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; So, that this is where I was I was trying<01:05:39.800><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3941.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trying to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3941.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trying to emphasize<01:05:42.040><c> this</c><01:05:42.320><c> disassoci-</c><01:05:43.280><c> this</c><01:05:43.520><c> complete</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3944.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "emphasize this disassoci- this complete"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3944.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "emphasize this disassoci- this complete dissociation,<01:05:44.960><c> actually,</c><01:05:45.359><c> of</c><01:05:45.480><c> unitarity</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3946.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dissociation, actually, of unitarity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3946.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dissociation, actually, of unitarity from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3947.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3947.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from any<01:05:47.320><c> spatial</c><01:05:48.000><c> considerations.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3950.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "any spatial considerations."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3950.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "any spatial considerations. Hm."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3952.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Hm."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3952.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Hm. But<01:05:52.520><c> okay,</c><01:05:53.120><c> anyway,</c><01:05:53.600><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3954.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But okay, anyway, that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3954.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But okay, anyway, that's that's<01:05:54.720><c> sort</c><01:05:54.960><c> of</c><01:05:55.120><c> an</c><01:05:55.280><c> aside.</c><01:05:56.280><c> The</c><01:05:56.600><c> The</c><01:05:56.760><c> real</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3956.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's sort of an aside. The The real"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3957.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's sort of an aside. The The real question<01:05:57.400><c> is</c><01:05:57.520><c> about</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3958.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "question is about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3958.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "question is about contextuality."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3960.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "contextuality."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3960.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "contextuality. Right,<01:06:01.200><c> right.</c><01:06:02.040><c> Yeah,</c><01:06:02.160><c> it</c><01:06:02.240><c> is</c><01:06:02.320><c> striking</c><01:06:02.680><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3962.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right, right. Yeah, it is striking that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3962.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right, right. Yeah, it is striking that that<01:06:03.080><c> Nima</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3964.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that Nima"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3964.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that Nima Arkani-Hamed<01:06:04.880><c> and</c><01:06:05.000><c> these</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3965.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Arkani-Hamed and these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3965.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Arkani-Hamed and these high-energy<01:06:06.320><c> theoretical</c><01:06:06.760><c> physicists</c><01:06:07.640><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3967.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "high-energy theoretical physicists are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3967.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "high-energy theoretical physicists are are<01:06:08.240><c> strident</c><01:06:09.240><c> that</c><01:06:09.400><c> they're</c><01:06:09.520><c> not</c><01:06:09.760><c> assuming</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3970.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are strident that they're not assuming"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3970.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are strident that they're not assuming unitarity."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3971.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3971.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity. They're<01:06:11.680><c> They're</c><01:06:11.840><c> strident</c><01:06:12.240><c> about</c><01:06:12.480><c> it.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3972.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "They're They're strident about it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3972.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "They're They're strident about it. They're<01:06:12.720><c> saying,</c><01:06:13.320><c> \"We</c><01:06:13.440><c> don't</c><01:06:13.640><c> need</c><01:06:13.840><c> it.\"</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3974.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "They're saying, \"We don't need it.\""
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3974.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "They're saying, \"We don't need it.\" And<01:06:14.920><c> we'll</c><01:06:15.120><c> show</c><01:06:15.320><c> that</c><01:06:15.480><c> it</c><01:06:15.600><c> arises</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3977.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And we'll show that it arises"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3977.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And we'll show that it arises from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3978.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3978.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from uh<01:06:19.520><c> these</c><01:06:19.880><c> positive</c><01:06:20.320><c> geometries</c><01:06:20.880><c> that</c><01:06:21.160><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3981.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh these positive geometries that that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3981.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh these positive geometries that that are<01:06:21.680><c> entirely</c><01:06:22.160><c> outside</c><01:06:22.480><c> of</c><01:06:22.560><c> space-time.</c><01:06:23.560><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3983.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are entirely outside of space-time. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3983.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are entirely outside of space-time. So, they're<01:06:23.960><c> they're</c><01:06:24.080><c> getting</c><01:06:24.280><c> space-time</c><01:06:24.840><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3985.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they're they're getting space-time and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3985.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they're they're getting space-time and unitarity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3986.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3986.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity um<01:06:27.000><c> together.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3988.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um together."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3988.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um together. I<01:06:28.680><c> I've</c><01:06:28.840><c> never</c><01:06:29.080><c> seen</c><01:06:29.320><c> a</c><01:06:29.720><c> I've</c><01:06:29.840><c> never</c><01:06:30.080><c> seen</c><01:06:30.240><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3990.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I I've never seen a I've never seen a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3990.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I I've never seen a I've never seen a demonstration<01:06:31.160><c> of</c><01:06:31.560><c> of</c><01:06:31.800><c> that</c><01:06:32.200><c> fact</c><01:06:33.120><c> as</c><01:06:33.400><c> it</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3994.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "demonstration of of that fact as it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3994.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "demonstration of of that fact as it uh<01:06:34.720><c> you</c><01:06:34.840><c> know,</c><01:06:35.280><c> in</c><01:06:35.400><c> itself.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3996.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh you know, in itself."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3996.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh you know, in itself. What<01:06:37.680><c> I</c><01:06:37.800><c> have</c><01:06:38.080><c> seen</c><01:06:38.320><c> is,</c><01:06:38.840><c> you</c><01:06:38.960><c> know,</c><01:06:39.120><c> they</c><01:06:39.520><c> they</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3999.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What I have seen is, you know, they they"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3999.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What I have seen is, you know, they they derive"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4001.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "derive"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4001.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "derive um<01:06:41.960><c> scattering</c><01:06:42.440><c> amplitudes</c><01:06:43.400><c> and</c><01:06:43.800><c> which</c><01:06:44.240><c> match</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4005.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um scattering amplitudes and which match"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4005.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um scattering amplitudes and which match what's<01:06:45.480><c> understood</c><01:06:46.080><c> from,</c><01:06:46.760><c> you</c><01:06:46.880><c> know,</c><01:06:47.000><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4007.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what's understood from, you know, the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4007.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what's understood from, you know, the Feynman<01:06:47.520><c> approach.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4008.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Feynman approach."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4008.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Feynman approach. That<01:06:48.840><c> doesn't</c><01:06:49.040><c> mean</c><01:06:49.160><c> you</c><01:06:49.280><c> derive</c><01:06:49.800><c> space-time,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4010.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That doesn't mean you derive space-time,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4010.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That doesn't mean you derive space-time, and<01:06:50.640><c> it</c><01:06:50.720><c> doesn't</c><01:06:50.920><c> mean</c><01:06:51.040><c> you've</c><01:06:51.200><c> derived</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4011.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and it doesn't mean you've derived"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4011.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and it doesn't mean you've derived unitarity."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4013.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4013.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity. It<01:06:53.480><c> just</c><01:06:53.720><c> means</c><01:06:53.960><c> that</c><01:06:54.120><c> you've</c><01:06:54.280><c> matched</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4014.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It just means that you've matched"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4014.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It just means that you've matched something."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4016.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4016.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something. Yeah,<01:06:56.359><c> I</c><01:06:56.760><c> I</c><01:06:56.960><c> I</c><01:06:57.080><c> think</c><01:06:57.359><c> they're</c><01:06:57.520><c> referring</c><01:06:57.920><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4018.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, I I I think they're referring to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4018.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, I I I think they're referring to &gt;&gt; is<01:06:58.720><c> absent.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4019.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; is absent."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4020.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; is absent. Yeah.<01:07:00.400><c> Sorry.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4021.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Sorry."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4021.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Sorry. Yeah,<01:07:01.680><c> I</c><01:07:01.760><c> think</c><01:07:02.080><c> I</c><01:07:02.160><c> think</c><01:07:02.400><c> they're</c><01:07:02.560><c> referring</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4022.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, I think I think they're referring"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4022.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, I think I think they're referring to<01:07:03.160><c> unitary</c><01:07:03.800><c> processes</c><01:07:04.680><c> in</c><01:07:04.960><c> space-time.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4026.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to unitary processes in space-time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4026.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to unitary processes in space-time. Right.<01:07:07.560><c> Right.</c><01:07:08.440><c> That's</c><01:07:08.640><c> what</c><01:07:08.760><c> they're</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4028.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. Right. That's what they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4028.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. Right. That's what they're referring<01:07:09.200><c> to.</c><01:07:09.440><c> Absolutely.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4029.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "referring to. Absolutely."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4029.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "referring to. Absolutely. &gt;&gt; Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4030.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4030.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah. Right.<01:07:11.080><c> That's</c><01:07:11.400><c> very</c><01:07:11.640><c> different</c><01:07:12.040><c> from</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4032.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. That's very different from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4032.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. That's very different from unitarity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4033.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4034.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity Yes.<01:07:14.760><c> as</c><01:07:15.000><c> a</c><01:07:15.080><c> strictly</c><01:07:15.680><c> information-theoretic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4036.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yes. as a strictly information-theoretic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4036.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yes. as a strictly information-theoretic concept.<01:07:17.920><c> And</c><01:07:18.200><c> And</c><01:07:18.359><c> yet,</c><01:07:18.520><c> the</c><01:07:18.600><c> way</c><01:07:18.720><c> they</c><01:07:18.840><c> wave</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4039.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "concept. And And yet, the way they wave"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4039.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "concept. And And yet, the way they wave it<01:07:19.120><c> around</c><01:07:19.320><c> and</c><01:07:19.400><c> say,</c><01:07:19.520><c> \"We</c><01:07:19.680><c> We</c><01:07:19.800><c> don't</c><01:07:20.000><c> assume</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4040.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it around and say, \"We We don't assume"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4040.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it around and say, \"We We don't assume space-time<01:07:20.840><c> or</c><01:07:20.960><c> unitarity.\"</c><01:07:21.680><c> Right?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4044.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's<01:07:24.200><c> just</c><01:07:24.440><c> a</c><01:07:24.520><c> disconnect</c><01:07:25.080><c> in</c><01:07:25.200><c> language,</c><01:07:25.600><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4045.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's just a disconnect in language, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4045.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's just a disconnect in language, I think."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4047.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4047.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think. I<01:07:27.359><c> mean,</c><01:07:27.680><c> you</c><01:07:28.080><c> you</c><01:07:28.200><c> know,</c><01:07:28.359><c> it's</c><01:07:28.560><c> it's</c><01:07:28.960><c> fine</c><01:07:29.680><c> not</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4050.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I mean, you you know, it's it's fine not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4050.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I mean, you you know, it's it's fine not assuming"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4051.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "assuming"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4051.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "assuming uh<01:07:32.240><c> a</c><01:07:32.320><c> collection</c><01:07:33.320><c> B</c><01:07:33.960><c> when</c><01:07:34.120><c> you're</c><01:07:34.240><c> doing</c><01:07:34.520><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4054.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh a collection B when you're doing a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4054.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh a collection B when you're doing a collection<01:07:35.320><c> A.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4056.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "collection A."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4056.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "collection A. But<01:07:36.560><c> if</c><01:07:36.680><c> somebody</c><01:07:37.080><c> like</c><01:07:37.359><c> Dyson</c><01:07:37.800><c> comes</c><01:07:38.080><c> around</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4058.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But if somebody like Dyson comes around"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4058.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But if somebody like Dyson comes around and<01:07:38.600><c> says</c><01:07:38.840><c> they're</c><01:07:39.040><c> equivalent,</c><01:07:39.720><c> then</c><01:07:40.359><c> then</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4060.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and says they're equivalent, then then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4060.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and says they're equivalent, then then you<01:07:40.600><c> can't</c><01:07:40.880><c> say</c><01:07:41.040><c> that</c><01:07:41.280><c> we</c><01:07:41.400><c> don't</c><01:07:41.720><c> need</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4061.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you can't say that we don't need"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4061.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you can't say that we don't need space-time.<01:07:42.640><c> It's</c><01:07:42.760><c> just</c><01:07:43.000><c> another</c><01:07:43.320><c> way</c><01:07:43.440><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4063.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time. It's just another way of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4063.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space-time. It's just another way of looking<01:07:43.880><c> at</c><01:07:44.000><c> it.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4064.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "looking at it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4065.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "looking at it. So,<01:07:45.440><c> they</c><01:07:45.680><c> have</c><01:07:46.080><c> you</c><01:07:46.160><c> know,</c><01:07:46.359><c> their</c><01:07:46.640><c> claim</c><01:07:47.040><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4067.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, they have you know, their claim is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4067.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, they have you know, their claim is is<01:07:47.800><c> unfounded</c><01:07:48.480><c> as</c><01:07:48.640><c> far</c><01:07:48.840><c> as</c><01:07:49.000><c> I</c><01:07:49.359><c> I</c><01:07:49.520><c> know.</c><01:07:50.280><c> I</c><01:07:50.359><c> mean,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4071.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is unfounded as far as I I know. I mean,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4071.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is unfounded as far as I I know. I mean, you<01:07:51.240><c> know,</c><01:07:51.760><c> somebody</c><01:07:52.040><c> needs</c><01:07:52.280><c> to</c><01:07:52.400><c> sit</c><01:07:52.600><c> down</c><01:07:52.800><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4072.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, somebody needs to sit down and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4072.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, somebody needs to sit down and say,<01:07:53.160><c> \"This</c><01:07:53.440><c> is</c><01:07:53.600><c> how</c><01:07:53.800><c> space-time</c><01:07:54.400><c> emerges</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4074.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "say, \"This is how space-time emerges"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4074.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "say, \"This is how space-time emerges from<01:07:55.040><c> the</c><01:07:55.200><c> amplitudehedron.\"</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4077.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from the amplitudehedron.\""
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4077.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from the amplitudehedron.\" Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4078.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4078.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Otherwise,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4079.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Otherwise,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4079.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Otherwise, it<01:07:59.800><c> just</c><01:08:00.200><c> just</c><01:08:00.440><c> saying</c><01:08:00.720><c> that</c><01:08:00.920><c> I</c><01:08:01.000><c> you</c><01:08:01.120><c> know,</c><01:08:01.440><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4082.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it just just saying that I you know, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4082.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it just just saying that I you know, I Schwinger<01:08:02.680><c> could</c><01:08:02.880><c> say</c><01:08:03.080><c> I</c><01:08:03.160><c> don't</c><01:08:03.400><c> need</c><01:08:03.600><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4083.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Schwinger could say I don't need to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4083.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Schwinger could say I don't need to assume<01:08:04.160><c> Feynman,</c><01:08:04.600><c> and</c><01:08:04.720><c> Feynman</c><01:08:05.040><c> could</c><01:08:05.240><c> say</c><01:08:05.400><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4085.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "assume Feynman, and Feynman could say I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4085.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "assume Feynman, and Feynman could say I don't<01:08:05.640><c> need</c><01:08:05.800><c> to</c><01:08:05.920><c> assume</c><01:08:06.320><c> Schwinger,</c><01:08:06.760><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4086.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "don't need to assume Schwinger, and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4087.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "don't need to assume Schwinger, and they're<01:08:07.160><c> both</c><01:08:07.960><c> right,</c><01:08:08.480><c> but</c><01:08:08.640><c> they're</c><01:08:08.800><c> both</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4089.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they're both right, but they're both"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4089.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they're both right, but they're both equivalent."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4090.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "equivalent."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4090.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "equivalent. Right."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4091.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4091.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. Yeah,<01:08:12.000><c> yeah,</c><01:08:12.160><c> right</c><01:08:12.359><c> now</c><01:08:12.480><c> they</c><01:08:12.600><c> don't</c><01:08:12.800><c> give</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4092.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, yeah, right now they don't give"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4092.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, yeah, right now they don't give you<01:08:13.040><c> space-time,</c><01:08:13.520><c> they</c><01:08:13.640><c> give</c><01:08:13.840><c> you</c><01:08:13.960><c> scattering</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4094.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you space-time, they give you scattering"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4094.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you space-time, they give you scattering amplitudes.<01:08:14.920><c> That's</c><01:08:15.120><c> what</c><01:08:15.240><c> they</c><01:08:15.359><c> give</c><01:08:15.520><c> you.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4095.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "amplitudes. That's what they give you."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4095.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "amplitudes. That's what they give you. &gt;&gt; Right."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4096.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Right."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4096.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Right. Which<01:08:16.719><c> I</c><01:08:16.799><c> still</c><01:08:17.040><c> think</c><01:08:17.280><c> they're</c><01:08:17.400><c> defined</c><01:08:17.839><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4097.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Which I still think they're defined in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4098.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Which I still think they're defined in space-time.<01:08:18.880><c> Fair</c><01:08:19.040><c> enough.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4102.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah,<01:08:22.400><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4102.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4103.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, I I<01:08:23.040><c> mean,</c><01:08:23.160><c> a</c><01:08:23.280><c> facet</c><01:08:23.839><c> of</c><01:08:24.000><c> something,</c><01:08:25.080><c> you</c><01:08:25.200><c> know.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4107.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I<01:08:28.280><c> I</c><01:08:28.480><c> suspect</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4110.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I I suspect"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4110.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I I suspect that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4112.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4112.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that eventually<01:08:32.880><c> we'll</c><01:08:33.120><c> generally</c><01:08:33.759><c> be</c><01:08:34.000><c> able</c><01:08:34.319><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4115.309,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "eventually we'll generally be able to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4115.319,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "eventually we'll generally be able to identify"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4117.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "identify"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4117.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "identify uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4119.829,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4119.839,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh amplitudehedron-like"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4121.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "amplitudehedron-like"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4121.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "amplitudehedron-like structures"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4123.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "structures"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4123.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "structures with<01:08:44.080><c> error-correcting</c><01:08:44.960><c> quantum</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4125.349,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with error-correcting quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4125.359,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with error-correcting quantum error-correcting<01:08:46.160><c> codes.</c><01:08:46.920><c> Hm.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4128.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "error-correcting codes. Hm."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4128.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "error-correcting codes. Hm. You<01:08:48.640><c> You</c><01:08:48.680><c> wrote</c><01:08:48.880><c> a</c><01:08:48.960><c> paper</c><01:08:49.400><c> on</c><01:08:49.600><c> that,</c><01:08:49.880><c> didn't</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4130.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "You You wrote a paper on that, didn't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4130.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "You You wrote a paper on that, didn't you,<01:08:50.400><c> Chris?</c><01:08:50.799><c> Well,</c><01:08:51.440><c> we're</c><01:08:51.960><c> we're</c><01:08:52.480><c> in</c><01:08:52.640><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4134.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you, Chris? Well, we're we're in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4134.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you, Chris? Well, we're we're in the uh<01:08:55.440><c> we</c><01:08:55.560><c> have</c><01:08:55.680><c> a</c><01:08:55.799><c> preprint</c><01:08:56.600><c> of</c><01:08:56.839><c> it</c><01:08:57.120><c> that</c><01:08:57.280><c> was</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4137.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh we have a preprint of it that was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4137.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh we have a preprint of it that was revised<01:08:58.440><c> as</c><01:08:58.719><c> of</c><01:08:59.359><c> a</c><01:08:59.440><c> few</c><01:08:59.640><c> months</c><01:09:00.000><c> ago,</c><01:09:00.319><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4140.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "revised as of a few months ago, and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4140.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "revised as of a few months ago, and we're<01:09:00.560><c> still</c><01:09:00.839><c> working</c><01:09:01.240><c> on</c><01:09:01.440><c> it.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4142.912,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we're still working on it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4142.922,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we're still working on it. &gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4142.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4143.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat] &gt;&gt; But<01:09:03.839><c> the</c><01:09:04.400><c> uh</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4145.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; But the uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4145.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; But the uh the<01:09:05.400><c> current</c><01:09:05.759><c> pre-</c><01:09:06.280><c> current</c><01:09:06.600><c> available</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4147.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the current pre- current available"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4147.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the current pre- current available preprint<01:09:07.560><c> isn't</c><01:09:07.839><c> bad.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4149.309,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "preprint isn't bad."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4149.319,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "preprint isn't bad. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4151.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4151.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um but<01:09:11.839><c> the</c><01:09:11.920><c> hypothesis</c><01:09:12.920><c> would</c><01:09:13.080><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4155.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but the hypothesis would be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4155.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but the hypothesis would be we<01:09:15.319><c> can</c><01:09:15.520><c> go</c><01:09:15.799><c> the</c><01:09:16.000><c> other</c><01:09:16.200><c> way</c><01:09:16.680><c> from</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4157.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we can go the other way from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4157.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we can go the other way from amplitudehedron-like<01:09:18.400><c> structures</c><01:09:19.240><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4159.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "amplitudehedron-like structures to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4159.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "amplitudehedron-like structures to quantum<01:09:19.920><c> error-correcting</c><01:09:20.640><c> codes.</c><01:09:21.319><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4161.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum error-correcting codes. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4161.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum error-correcting codes. And there<01:09:21.600><c> are</c><01:09:21.640><c> many</c><01:09:21.920><c> ways</c><01:09:22.200><c> to</c><01:09:22.280><c> get</c><01:09:22.480><c> space-time</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4162.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there are many ways to get space-time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4162.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there are many ways to get space-time from<01:09:23.160><c> quantum</c><01:09:23.480><c> error</c><01:09:24.160><c> error-correcting</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4164.829,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from quantum error error-correcting"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4164.839,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from quantum error error-correcting codes."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4166.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "codes."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4167.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "codes. So,<01:09:28.120><c> Hm,</c><01:09:28.400><c> interesting.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4170.269,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, Hm, interesting."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4170.279,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, Hm, interesting. &gt;&gt; it<01:09:30.640><c> it</c><01:09:30.839><c> may</c><01:09:31.120><c> be</c><01:09:31.319><c> that</c><01:09:31.560><c> the</c><01:09:32.040><c> the</c><01:09:32.240><c> inference</c><01:09:32.680><c> ends</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4172.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; it it may be that the the inference ends"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4172.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; it it may be that the the inference ends up<01:09:33.000><c> going</c><01:09:33.279><c> in</c><01:09:33.359><c> that</c><01:09:33.600><c> direction</c><01:09:34.240><c> through</c><01:09:34.480><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4174.789,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "up going in that direction through that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4174.799,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "up going in that direction through that direction."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4181.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4182.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4182.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. What<01:09:42.839><c> I'm</c><01:09:42.960><c> hoping</c><01:09:43.200><c> to</c><01:09:43.319><c> be</c><01:09:43.400><c> able</c><01:09:43.560><c> to</c><01:09:44.040><c> show</c><01:09:44.279><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4184.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What I'm hoping to be able to show is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4184.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What I'm hoping to be able to show is that<01:09:44.520><c> some</c><01:09:44.720><c> of</c><01:09:44.799><c> these</c><01:09:44.960><c> positive</c><01:09:45.359><c> geometries</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4185.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that some of these positive geometries"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4186.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that some of these positive geometries like<01:09:46.200><c> the</c><01:09:46.319><c> associahedron</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4187.749,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like the associahedron"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4187.759,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like the associahedron are<01:09:47.880><c> sub</c><01:09:48.200><c> polytopes</c><01:09:48.920><c> of</c><01:09:49.080><c> the</c><01:09:49.160><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4189.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are sub polytopes of the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4189.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are sub polytopes of the Markov polytope."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4191.269,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "polytope."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4191.279,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "polytope. So,<01:09:51.440><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4192.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4192.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that because"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4193.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4193.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because the<01:09:53.960><c> Markov</c><01:09:54.320><c> polytope</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4195.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the Markov polytope"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4195.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the Markov polytope um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4196.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4196.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um could<01:09:56.920><c> be</c><01:09:57.080><c> describing</c><01:09:58.000><c> the</c><01:09:58.080><c> probabilities</c><01:09:58.840><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4199.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could be describing the probabilities of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4199.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could be describing the probabilities of of<01:09:59.200><c> certain</c><01:09:59.480><c> interacting</c><01:09:59.960><c> processes</c><01:10:00.840><c> that</c><01:10:01.040><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4201.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of certain interacting processes that we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4201.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of certain interacting processes that we would<01:10:01.800><c> think</c><01:10:02.080><c> of</c><01:10:02.200><c> as</c><01:10:02.320><c> scattering</c><01:10:02.720><c> processes.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4203.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "would think of as scattering processes."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4203.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "would think of as scattering processes. And<01:10:03.640><c> so,</c><01:10:03.800><c> if</c><01:10:03.960><c> if</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4204.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And so, if if"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4204.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And so, if if if<01:10:04.840><c> that's</c><01:10:05.040><c> the</c><01:10:05.120><c> case,</c><01:10:05.440><c> then</c><01:10:05.600><c> I</c><01:10:05.680><c> would</c><01:10:06.440><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4206.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if that's the case, then I would you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4206.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if that's the case, then I would you know,<01:10:06.840><c> there</c><01:10:07.000><c> may</c><01:10:07.200><c> be</c><01:10:07.400><c> a</c><01:10:07.680><c> a</c><01:10:07.760><c> deep</c><01:10:07.960><c> connection</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4208.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, there may be a a deep connection"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4208.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, there may be a a deep connection between"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4209.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "between"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4209.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "between some<01:10:09.560><c> of</c><01:10:09.640><c> these</c><01:10:09.840><c> positive</c><01:10:10.240><c> geometries</c><01:10:11.200><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4211.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "some of these positive geometries and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4211.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "some of these positive geometries and the<01:10:11.600><c> Markov</c><01:10:11.920><c> hedron,</c><01:10:12.200><c> which</c><01:10:12.360><c> is</c><01:10:12.480><c> itself</c><01:10:12.840><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4212.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the Markov hedron, which is itself a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4212.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the Markov hedron, which is itself a positive<01:10:13.280><c> geometry.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4214.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "positive geometry."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4214.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "positive geometry. Yeah.<01:10:14.720><c> Set</c><01:10:14.880><c> of</c><01:10:14.960><c> all</c><01:10:15.080><c> possible</c><01:10:15.440><c> Markov</c><01:10:15.720><c> chains</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4215.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Set of all possible Markov chains"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4215.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Set of all possible Markov chains is<01:10:16.040><c> a</c><01:10:16.080><c> positive</c><01:10:16.440><c> geometry.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4217.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is a positive geometry."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4217.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is a positive geometry. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4218.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4218.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Yeah,<01:10:18.840><c> I</c><01:10:19.160><c> I</c><01:10:19.280><c> suspect</c><01:10:19.840><c> that.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4220.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, I I suspect that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4220.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, I I suspect that. Uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4226.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Any<01:10:26.920><c> any</c><01:10:27.280><c> such</c><01:10:27.920><c> structure</c><01:10:29.200><c> defined</c><01:10:29.880><c> over</c><01:10:30.360><c> any</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4231.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Any any such structure defined over any"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4231.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Any any such structure defined over any space<01:10:32.200><c> of</c><01:10:32.360><c> possibilities</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4234.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space of possibilities"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4234.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space of possibilities or<01:10:34.680><c> any</c><01:10:34.880><c> such</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4235.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "or any such"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4235.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "or any such dynamics<01:10:36.800><c> defined</c><01:10:37.200><c> over</c><01:10:37.400><c> any</c><01:10:37.560><c> such</c><01:10:38.000><c> any</c><01:10:38.360><c> space</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4238.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dynamics defined over any such any space"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4238.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "dynamics defined over any such any space of<01:10:38.840><c> possibilities</c><01:10:40.000><c> can</c><01:10:40.200><c> be</c><01:10:40.360><c> thought</c><01:10:40.800><c> of</c><01:10:40.960><c> as</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4241.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of possibilities can be thought of as"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4241.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of possibilities can be thought of as scattering<01:10:41.960><c> in</c><01:10:42.160><c> some</c><01:10:42.920><c> you</c><01:10:43.040><c> know</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4244.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scattering in some you know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4244.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scattering in some you know Right.<01:10:45.360><c> meta</c><01:10:46.040><c> metaphorical</c><01:10:46.413><c> [snorts]</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4247.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. meta metaphorical [snorts]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4247.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. meta metaphorical [snorts] but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4248.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4248.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but but<01:10:48.440><c> formally</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4250.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but formally"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4250.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but formally sensible<01:10:51.440><c> way.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4252.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sensible way."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4252.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sensible way. Yeah.<01:10:53.160><c> I</c><01:10:53.200><c> mean</c><01:10:53.400><c> computation</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4254.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. I mean computation"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4254.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. I mean computation We<01:10:54.880><c> can</c><01:10:55.000><c> think</c><01:10:55.200><c> of</c><01:10:55.320><c> computation</c><01:10:56.040><c> as</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4256.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We can think of computation as"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4256.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We can think of computation as scattering<01:10:57.480><c> Right.</c><01:10:58.120><c> data</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4259.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scattering Right. data"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4259.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scattering Right. data space."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4260.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4260.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space. Interaction<01:11:01.400><c> is</c><01:11:01.600><c> scattering.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4263.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Interaction is scattering."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4263.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Interaction is scattering. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4264.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4264.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. I<01:11:04.280><c> mean,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4265.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I mean,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4265.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I mean, scattering<01:11:05.960><c> is</c><01:11:06.160><c> what</c><01:11:06.840><c> is</c><01:11:07.200><c> how</c><01:11:07.440><c> interactions</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4268.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scattering is what is how interactions"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4268.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scattering is what is how interactions look<01:11:08.400><c> in</c><01:11:08.520><c> a</c><01:11:08.600><c> physics</c><01:11:09.040><c> lab.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4272.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What<01:11:12.520><c> what</c><01:11:12.640><c> what's</c><01:11:12.800><c> surprising</c><01:11:13.280><c> is</c><01:11:13.400><c> how</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4273.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What what what's surprising is how"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4273.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What what what's surprising is how restricted<01:11:14.240><c> the</c><01:11:14.360><c> scattering</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4275.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "restricted the scattering"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4275.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "restricted the scattering events<01:11:15.920><c> are</c><01:11:16.120><c> that</c><01:11:16.320><c> you</c><01:11:16.400><c> find</c><01:11:16.640><c> in</c><01:11:16.720><c> physics,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4277.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "events are that you find in physics,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4277.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "events are that you find in physics, right?<01:11:17.600><c> That</c><01:11:17.720><c> that</c><01:11:17.840><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4279.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right? That that that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4279.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right? That that that's a<01:11:19.120><c> very</c><01:11:19.400><c> restricted</c><01:11:19.960><c> set</c><01:11:20.480><c> and</c><01:11:21.640><c> it</c><01:11:21.720><c> turns</c><01:11:22.000><c> out</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4282.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a very restricted set and it turns out"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4282.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a very restricted set and it turns out that<01:11:22.560><c> you</c><01:11:23.160><c> the</c><01:11:23.360><c> something</c><01:11:23.720><c> like</c><01:11:23.840><c> the</c><01:11:23.920><c> standard</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4284.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that you the something like the standard"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4284.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that you the something like the standard model<01:11:24.720><c> gives</c><01:11:25.000><c> you</c><01:11:25.200><c> all</c><01:11:25.480><c> the</c><01:11:25.600><c> components</c><01:11:26.080><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4286.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "model gives you all the components that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4286.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "model gives you all the components that you're<01:11:26.320><c> ever</c><01:11:26.520><c> going</c><01:11:26.680><c> to</c><01:11:26.760><c> find</c><01:11:27.040><c> in</c><01:11:27.160><c> any</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4287.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you're ever going to find in any"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4287.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you're ever going to find in any scattering<01:11:27.720><c> that</c><01:11:27.880><c> you</c><01:11:27.960><c> ever</c><01:11:28.160><c> do.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4289.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scattering that you ever do."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4289.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scattering that you ever do. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4290.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4290.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And &gt;&gt; We<01:11:30.240><c> hope.</c><01:11:31.160><c> Yeah.</c><01:11:31.440><c> That</c><01:11:31.560><c> that</c><01:11:31.760><c> so</c><01:11:31.920><c> far</c><01:11:32.200><c> well,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4292.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; We hope. Yeah. That that so far well,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4292.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; We hope. Yeah. That that so far well, yeah,<01:11:32.760><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4293.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "yeah, that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4294.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "yeah, that's so<01:11:34.160><c> far.</c><01:11:34.440><c> Well,</c><01:11:34.800><c> the</c><01:11:35.080><c> all</c><01:11:35.440><c> all</c><01:11:35.760><c> all</c><01:11:35.920><c> the</c><01:11:36.040><c> ones</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4296.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so far. Well, the all all all the ones"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4296.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so far. Well, the all all all the ones that<01:11:36.520><c> you</c><01:11:36.680><c> see</c><01:11:37.600><c> with</c><01:11:38.000><c> the</c><01:11:38.120><c> sorts</c><01:11:38.480><c> of</c><01:11:38.600><c> things</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4298.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that you see with the sorts of things"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4298.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that you see with the sorts of things that<01:11:39.040><c> we</c><01:11:39.160><c> call</c><01:11:39.480><c> elementary</c><01:11:40.040><c> particles.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4301.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that we call elementary particles."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4301.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that we call elementary particles. Right.<01:11:42.760><c> Right.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4304.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. Right."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4304.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right. Right. What<01:11:44.480><c> what</c><01:11:44.800><c> what</c><01:11:44.960><c> I</c><01:11:45.000><c> find</c><01:11:45.240><c> interesting</c><01:11:46.200><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4307.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What what what I find interesting is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4307.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "What what what I find interesting is just<01:11:47.640><c> as</c><01:11:47.760><c> when</c><01:11:47.920><c> we</c><01:11:48.080><c> had</c><01:11:48.400><c> the</c><01:11:48.520><c> Ptolemaic</c><01:11:49.080><c> system</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4309.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just as when we had the Ptolemaic system"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4309.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just as when we had the Ptolemaic system and<01:11:49.480><c> we</c><01:11:49.600><c> had</c><01:11:49.720><c> all</c><01:11:49.880><c> cycles</c><01:11:50.320><c> and</c><01:11:50.400><c> cycles</c><01:11:50.720><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4310.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and we had all cycles and cycles and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4310.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and we had all cycles and cycles and cycles,<01:11:51.200><c> you</c><01:11:51.280><c> could</c><01:11:51.440><c> get</c><01:11:51.600><c> all</c><01:11:51.720><c> the</c><01:11:52.040><c> orbits</c><01:11:52.360><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4312.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "cycles, you could get all the orbits of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4312.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "cycles, you could get all the orbits of the<01:11:52.560><c> planets.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4313.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the planets."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4313.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the planets. But<01:11:54.000><c> it</c><01:11:54.120><c> was</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4314.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But it was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4315.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But it was ugly<01:11:55.640><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4317.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ugly and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4317.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ugly and just<01:11:57.520><c> just</c><01:11:57.800><c> a</c><01:11:57.880><c> mess</c><01:11:58.280><c> cuz</c><01:11:58.520><c> you</c><01:11:58.680><c> had</c><01:11:58.880><c> to</c><01:11:58.960><c> do</c><01:11:59.360><c> add</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4319.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just just a mess cuz you had to do add"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4319.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just just a mess cuz you had to do add all<01:11:59.640><c> these</c><01:11:59.800><c> cycles</c><01:12:00.240><c> and</c><01:12:00.560><c> correcting</c><01:12:00.920><c> cycles</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4321.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all these cycles and correcting cycles"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4321.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all these cycles and correcting cycles to<01:12:01.480><c> correct</c><01:12:01.720><c> those</c><01:12:01.920><c> cycles</c><01:12:02.320><c> and</c><01:12:02.440><c> so</c><01:12:02.600><c> forth</c><01:12:02.880><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4322.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to correct those cycles and so forth to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4322.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to correct those cycles and so forth to do<01:12:03.040><c> it.</c><01:12:03.800><c> And</c><01:12:04.200><c> the</c><01:12:04.280><c> same</c><01:12:04.480><c> thing</c><01:12:04.640><c> happens</c><01:12:05.360><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4325.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "do it. And the same thing happens with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4325.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "do it. And the same thing happens with space<01:12:05.800><c> time</c><01:12:06.040><c> and</c><01:12:06.160><c> scattering.</c><01:12:06.720><c> You</c><01:12:06.880><c> would</c><01:12:07.080><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4327.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space time and scattering. You would you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4327.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space time and scattering. You would you look<01:12:07.320><c> at</c><01:12:07.400><c> the</c><01:12:07.480><c> Feynman</c><01:12:07.800><c> diagrams,</c><01:12:08.320><c> it's</c><01:12:08.480><c> loop</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4328.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "look at the Feynman diagrams, it's loop"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4328.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "look at the Feynman diagrams, it's loop after<01:12:08.920><c> loop</c><01:12:09.440><c> and</c><01:12:09.600><c> you</c><01:12:09.800><c> you</c><01:12:09.960><c> have</c><01:12:10.800><c> three</c><01:12:10.920><c> or</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4331.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "after loop and you you have three or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4331.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "after loop and you you have three or four<01:12:11.200><c> particle</c><01:12:11.560><c> interactions</c><01:12:12.120><c> and</c><01:12:12.240><c> 500</c><01:12:12.680><c> pages</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4332.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "four particle interactions and 500 pages"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4332.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "four particle interactions and 500 pages of<01:12:13.080><c> algebra</c><01:12:13.440><c> because</c><01:12:13.680><c> you</c><01:12:13.720><c> have</c><01:12:13.880><c> all</c><01:12:14.000><c> these</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4334.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of algebra because you have all these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4334.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of algebra because you have all these Ptolemaic<01:12:15.160><c> loop</c><01:12:15.400><c> after</c><01:12:15.600><c> loop</c><01:12:15.760><c> after</c><01:12:16.000><c> loop</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4337.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Ptolemaic loop after loop after loop"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4337.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Ptolemaic loop after loop after loop where<01:12:17.320><c> you're</c><01:12:17.440><c> enforcing</c><01:12:18.440><c> locality</c><01:12:18.920><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4338.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "where you're enforcing locality and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4339.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "where you're enforcing locality and unitarity.<01:12:19.560><c> So,</c><01:12:20.000><c> Feynman</c><01:12:20.400><c> is</c><01:12:20.880><c> forcing</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4341.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity. So, Feynman is forcing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4341.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unitarity. So, Feynman is forcing locality<01:12:22.280><c> and</c><01:12:22.360><c> unitarity</c><01:12:22.960><c> and</c><01:12:23.120><c> and</c><01:12:23.240><c> so</c><01:12:23.480><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4343.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "locality and unitarity and and so we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4343.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "locality and unitarity and and so we have<01:12:23.800><c> to</c><01:12:23.880><c> do</c><01:12:23.960><c> all</c><01:12:24.080><c> this</c><01:12:24.200><c> stuff.</c><01:12:25.000><c> And</c><01:12:25.080><c> all</c><01:12:25.200><c> of</c><01:12:25.280><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4345.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have to do all this stuff. And all of a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4345.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have to do all this stuff. And all of a sudden"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4346.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sudden"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4346.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sudden 400<01:12:26.800><c> pages</c><01:12:27.120><c> of</c><01:12:27.240><c> algebra</c><01:12:28.000><c> turns</c><01:12:28.280><c> into</c><01:12:28.800><c> two</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4348.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "400 pages of algebra turns into two"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4348.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "400 pages of algebra turns into two terms<01:12:29.920><c> when</c><01:12:30.120><c> you</c><01:12:30.560><c> let</c><01:12:30.800><c> go</c><01:12:30.920><c> of</c><01:12:31.040><c> space</c><01:12:31.360><c> time</c><01:12:32.280><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4352.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "terms when you let go of space time and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4352.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "terms when you let go of space time and &gt;&gt; Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4353.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4353.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah. And<01:12:33.880><c> also</c><01:12:34.640><c> it</c><01:12:34.800><c> feels</c><01:12:35.320><c> again</c><01:12:35.680><c> like</c><01:12:35.960><c> we've</c><01:12:36.160><c> got</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4356.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And also it feels again like we've got"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4356.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And also it feels again like we've got this<01:12:36.880><c> Rube</c><01:12:37.160><c> Goldberg</c><01:12:37.640><c> machine</c><01:12:38.080><c> called</c><01:12:38.320><c> space</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4358.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this Rube Goldberg machine called space"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4358.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this Rube Goldberg machine called space time<01:12:38.920><c> and</c><01:12:39.000><c> that's</c><01:12:39.160><c> why</c><01:12:39.320><c> things</c><01:12:39.920><c> look</c><01:12:40.160><c> so</c><01:12:40.640><c> ugly</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4361.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "time and that's why things look so ugly"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4361.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "time and that's why things look so ugly in<01:12:41.320><c> space</c><01:12:41.600><c> time</c><01:12:41.840><c> and</c><01:12:41.920><c> the</c><01:12:42.000><c> mathematics.</c><01:12:42.600><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4362.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in space time and the mathematics. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4362.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in space time and the mathematics. And all<01:12:42.800><c> of</c><01:12:42.880><c> a</c><01:12:42.920><c> sudden</c><01:12:43.320><c> we're</c><01:12:43.520><c> seeing</c><01:12:44.320><c> some</c><01:12:44.560><c> hint</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4364.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all of a sudden we're seeing some hint"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4364.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all of a sudden we're seeing some hint you<01:12:44.880><c> know,</c><01:12:44.960><c> it</c><01:12:45.200><c> was</c><01:12:45.360><c> a</c><01:12:45.400><c> big</c><01:12:45.640><c> hint</c><01:12:45.840><c> when</c><01:12:45.960><c> we</c><01:12:46.080><c> went</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4366.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, it was a big hint when we went"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4366.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, it was a big hint when we went from<01:12:46.760><c> Ptolemy</c><01:12:47.280><c> to</c><01:12:47.960><c> Newton.</c><01:12:48.920><c> That's</c><01:12:49.160><c> you</c><01:12:49.240><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4369.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from Ptolemy to Newton. That's you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4369.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from Ptolemy to Newton. That's you know, all<01:12:49.920><c> of</c><01:12:49.960><c> a</c><01:12:50.000><c> sudden</c><01:12:50.160><c> the</c><01:12:50.240><c> formulas</c><01:12:50.560><c> got</c><01:12:50.720><c> a</c><01:12:50.760><c> lot</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4371.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all of a sudden the formulas got a lot"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4371.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all of a sudden the formulas got a lot we're<01:12:51.480><c> on</c><01:12:51.600><c> to</c><01:12:51.680><c> something</c><01:12:51.960><c> much</c><01:12:52.200><c> deeper</c><01:12:52.520><c> here</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4372.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we're on to something much deeper here"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4372.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we're on to something much deeper here than<01:12:53.160><c> than</c><01:12:53.320><c> Ptolemy</c><01:12:53.720><c> was</c><01:12:53.920><c> on</c><01:12:54.040><c> to.</c><01:12:54.760><c> And</c><01:12:54.880><c> now</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4375.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "than than Ptolemy was on to. And now"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4375.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "than than Ptolemy was on to. And now when<01:12:55.560><c> when</c><01:12:55.680><c> we</c><01:12:55.760><c> go</c><01:12:55.880><c> from</c><01:12:56.160><c> you</c><01:12:56.240><c> know,</c><01:12:56.560><c> Feynman</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4376.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "when when we go from you know, Feynman"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4376.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "when when we go from you know, Feynman scattering<01:12:57.360><c> diagrams</c><01:12:58.000><c> to</c><01:12:58.400><c> these</c><01:12:58.640><c> positive</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4379.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scattering diagrams to these positive"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4379.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scattering diagrams to these positive geometries,<01:12:59.520><c> once</c><01:12:59.720><c> again</c><01:13:00.400><c> we're</c><01:13:00.520><c> getting</c><01:13:00.840><c> 400</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4381.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "geometries, once again we're getting 400"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4381.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "geometries, once again we're getting 400 pages<01:13:01.720><c> of</c><01:13:01.840><c> algebra</c><01:13:02.160><c> down</c><01:13:02.400><c> to</c><01:13:02.560><c> two</c><01:13:02.760><c> terms.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4384.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pages of algebra down to two terms."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4384.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pages of algebra down to two terms. A<01:13:04.320><c> clear</c><01:13:04.680><c> hint</c><01:13:04.920><c> that</c><01:13:05.040><c> we're</c><01:13:05.200><c> on</c><01:13:05.320><c> to</c><01:13:05.440><c> something</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4385.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "A clear hint that we're on to something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4386.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "A clear hint that we're on to something deeper<01:13:06.840><c> beyond</c><01:13:07.480><c> space</c><01:13:07.760><c> time.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4388.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "deeper beyond space time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4388.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "deeper beyond space time. Yeah.<01:13:09.520><c> No,</c><01:13:09.760><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4390.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. No, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4390.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. No, I space<01:13:10.720><c> time's</c><01:13:10.960><c> a</c><01:13:11.000><c> kludge.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4392.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space time's a kludge."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4392.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space time's a kludge. It's<01:13:12.360><c> that's</c><01:13:12.800><c> I</c><01:13:12.920><c> think</c><01:13:13.160><c> that's</c><01:13:13.400><c> clear.</c><01:13:14.280><c> Yeah,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4394.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's that's I think that's clear. Yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4394.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's that's I think that's clear. Yeah, it's<01:13:14.520><c> it's</c><01:13:14.720><c> it's</c><01:13:14.960><c> a</c><01:13:15.080><c> it's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4396.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's it's it's a it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4396.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's it's it's a it's But<01:13:16.880><c> what's</c><01:13:17.120><c> interesting</c><01:13:17.640><c> is</c><01:13:17.760><c> that</c><01:13:17.920><c> theories</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4398.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But what's interesting is that theories"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4398.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But what's interesting is that theories of<01:13:18.320><c> consciousness</c><01:13:19.320><c> all</c><01:13:20.160><c> the</c><01:13:20.280><c> main</c><01:13:20.560><c> theories</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4400.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of consciousness all the main theories"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4400.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of consciousness all the main theories of<01:13:21.040><c> consciousness</c><01:13:22.080><c> assume</c><01:13:22.440><c> otherwise.</c><01:13:23.200><c> We</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4403.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of consciousness assume otherwise. We"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4403.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of consciousness assume otherwise. We start<01:13:23.640><c> with</c><01:13:23.760><c> space</c><01:13:24.080><c> time,</c><01:13:24.320><c> we</c><01:13:24.440><c> try</c><01:13:24.640><c> to</c><01:13:24.760><c> figure</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4405.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "start with space time, we try to figure"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4405.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "start with space time, we try to figure out<01:13:25.240><c> what</c><01:13:26.000><c> physical</c><01:13:26.400><c> systems</c><01:13:26.840><c> in</c><01:13:27.000><c> space</c><01:13:27.320><c> time</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4407.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "out what physical systems in space time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4407.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "out what physical systems in space time could<01:13:27.840><c> possibly</c><01:13:28.320><c> have</c><01:13:28.480><c> the</c><01:13:28.600><c> right</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4409.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could possibly have the right"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4409.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could possibly have the right structure<01:13:30.400><c> to</c><01:13:30.680><c> give</c><01:13:30.960><c> rise</c><01:13:31.600><c> to</c><01:13:32.080><c> consciousness.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4413.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "structure to give rise to consciousness."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4413.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "structure to give rise to consciousness. Yeah.<01:13:33.640><c> So,</c><01:13:33.760><c> we</c><01:13:33.880><c> all</c><01:13:34.040><c> we</c><01:13:34.280><c> all</c><01:13:34.520><c> of</c><01:13:34.600><c> our</c><01:13:34.720><c> theories</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4414.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. So, we all we all of our theories"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4415.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. So, we all we all of our theories start<01:13:35.240><c> with</c><01:13:35.360><c> the</c><01:13:35.480><c> kludge</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4416.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "start with the kludge"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4416.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "start with the kludge as<01:13:37.040><c> the</c><01:13:37.120><c> assumption.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4418.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as the assumption."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4418.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "as the assumption. And<01:13:38.480><c> and</c><01:13:38.640><c> then</c><01:13:38.760><c> try</c><01:13:38.920><c> to</c><01:13:39.000><c> go</c><01:13:39.120><c> from</c><01:13:39.280><c> there.</c><01:13:39.480><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4419.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And and then try to go from there. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4419.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And and then try to go from there. So, they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4420.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4420.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they're doomed<01:13:41.080><c> completely</c><01:13:41.480><c> doomed</c><01:13:41.720><c> to</c><01:13:41.800><c> failure.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4422.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "doomed completely doomed to failure."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4422.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "doomed completely doomed to failure. Yeah.<01:13:43.120><c> Well,</c><01:13:43.480><c> I</c><01:13:43.720><c> I</c><01:13:43.760><c> mean</c><01:13:44.000><c> all</c><01:13:44.360><c> all</c><01:13:44.560><c> of</c><01:13:44.680><c> science</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4425.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Well, I I mean all all of science"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4425.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Well, I I mean all all of science has<01:13:45.200><c> done</c><01:13:45.400><c> this</c><01:13:45.920><c> before</c><01:13:46.280><c> about</c><01:13:46.880><c> what?</c><01:13:47.720><c> 1970.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4434.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "You<01:13:54.200><c> talking</c><01:13:54.360><c> about</c><01:13:54.480><c> the</c><01:13:54.520><c> standard</c><01:13:54.840><c> model</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4435.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "You talking about the standard model"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4435.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "You talking about the standard model since<01:13:55.320><c> about</c><01:13:55.640><c> 1970?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4437.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "since about 1970?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4438.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "since about 1970? Well,<01:13:58.520><c> no,</c><01:13:58.760><c> I'm</c><01:13:59.000><c> I'm</c><01:13:59.240><c> roughly</c><01:13:59.640><c> dating</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4441.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, no, I'm I'm roughly dating"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4441.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, no, I'm I'm roughly dating uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4445.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "roughly<01:14:06.080><c> dating</c><01:14:06.480><c> at</c><01:14:06.640><c> least</c><01:14:06.960><c> the</c><01:14:07.120><c> first</c><01:14:07.680><c> things</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4448.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "roughly dating at least the first things"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4448.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "roughly dating at least the first things I<01:14:08.160><c> saw</c><01:14:08.520><c> from</c><01:14:08.840><c> Wheeler</c><01:14:09.440><c> with</c><01:14:09.760><c> the</c><01:14:09.880><c> notion</c><01:14:10.320><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4450.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I saw from Wheeler with the notion of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4450.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I saw from Wheeler with the notion of observer<01:14:11.240><c> participants</c><01:14:12.040><c> in</c><01:14:12.200><c> it.</c><01:14:12.800><c> Yeah.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4454.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer participants in it. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4454.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "observer participants in it. Yeah. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4455.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4455.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Right<01:14:15.840><c> right</c><01:14:16.000><c> in</c><01:14:16.040><c> the</c><01:14:16.120><c> 70s,</c><01:14:16.680><c> right?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4457.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right right in the 70s, right?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4457.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right right in the 70s, right? Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4459.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4459.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Yeah,<01:14:19.600><c> he</c><01:14:19.880><c> he</c><01:14:20.440><c> he</c><01:14:20.680><c> saw</c><01:14:20.960><c> it.</c><01:14:21.080><c> He</c><01:14:21.240><c> he</c><01:14:21.440><c> knew</c><01:14:22.040><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4462.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, he he he saw it. He he knew I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4462.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, he he he saw it. He he knew I mean,<01:14:22.240><c> he</c><01:14:22.360><c> wrote</c><01:14:22.560><c> the</c><01:14:22.640><c> book</c><01:14:22.920><c> on</c><01:14:23.080><c> space</c><01:14:23.400><c> time.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4463.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mean, he wrote the book on space time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4463.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mean, he wrote the book on space time. He<01:14:23.720><c> wrote</c><01:14:23.920><c> the</c><01:14:24.000><c> book</c><01:14:24.200><c> on</c><01:14:24.320><c> gravity.</c><01:14:25.000><c> Yeah.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4465.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "He wrote the book on gravity. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4466.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "He wrote the book on gravity. Yeah. Misner,<01:14:26.480><c> Thorne,</c><01:14:26.760><c> and</c><01:14:26.880><c> Wheeler.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4467.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4468.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler. That's<01:14:28.280><c> that's</c><01:14:28.880><c> that</c><01:14:29.080><c> is</c><01:14:29.240><c> the</c><01:14:29.320><c> Bible</c><01:14:30.200><c> and</c><01:14:30.480><c> he</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4470.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's that's that is the Bible and he"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4470.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's that's that is the Bible and he so<01:14:30.760><c> he</c><01:14:30.880><c> knew</c><01:14:31.120><c> space</c><01:14:31.480><c> time</c><01:14:31.720><c> and</c><01:14:31.800><c> he</c><01:14:31.880><c> knew</c><01:14:32.000><c> it</c><01:14:32.080><c> was</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4472.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so he knew space time and he knew it was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4472.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so he knew space time and he knew it was a<01:14:32.560><c> a</c><01:14:32.640><c> kludge.</c><01:14:32.960><c> He</c><01:14:33.040><c> was</c><01:14:33.160><c> looking</c><01:14:33.400><c> for</c><01:14:33.520><c> something</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4473.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a a kludge. He was looking for something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4473.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "a a kludge. He was looking for something entirely<01:14:34.400><c> beyond.</c><01:14:34.920><c> Right.</c><01:14:35.680><c> Yeah.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4477.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "entirely beyond. Right. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4477.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "entirely beyond. Right. Yeah. And<01:14:37.280><c> he</c><01:14:37.400><c> was</c><01:14:37.560><c> going</c><01:14:37.760><c> to</c><01:14:37.840><c> call</c><01:14:38.000><c> it</c><01:14:38.080><c> observer</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4478.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And he was going to call it observer"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4478.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And he was going to call it observer participants."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4479.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "participants."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4479.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "participants. That's<01:14:39.920><c> what</c><01:14:40.040><c> he</c><01:14:40.120><c> called</c><01:14:40.360><c> it.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4482.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "May<01:14:43.120><c> May</c><01:14:43.280><c> I</c><01:14:43.320><c> ask</c><01:14:43.560><c> something?</c><01:14:44.400><c> Yeah.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4485.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "May May I ask something? Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4485.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "May May I ask something? Yeah. Go<01:14:45.440><c> ahead.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4486.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Go ahead."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4486.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Go ahead. Go<01:14:46.160><c> ahead,</c><01:14:46.360><c> Chris.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4486.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Go ahead, Chris."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4486.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Go ahead, Chris. &gt;&gt; going<01:14:46.800><c> to</c><01:14:46.840><c> say</c><01:14:47.040><c> good</c><01:14:47.240><c> to</c><01:14:47.360><c> see</c><01:14:47.520><c> you</c><01:14:47.640><c> guys</c><01:14:47.880><c> again</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4488.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; going to say good to see you guys again"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4488.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; going to say good to see you guys again and<01:14:48.320><c> good</c><01:14:48.480><c> to</c><01:14:48.560><c> meet</c><01:14:48.800><c> you,</c><01:14:48.920><c> Robert.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4490.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and good to meet you, Robert."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4490.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and good to meet you, Robert. Good<01:14:50.360><c> to</c><01:14:50.440><c> meet</c><01:14:50.560><c> you,</c><01:14:50.640><c> Chris.</c><01:14:50.840><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4491.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Good to meet you, Chris. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4491.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Good to meet you, Chris. And I<01:14:51.720><c> think</c><01:14:51.960><c> we</c><01:14:52.080><c> will</c><01:14:52.200><c> meet</c><01:14:52.360><c> in</c><01:14:52.480><c> person</c><01:14:52.800><c> in</c><01:14:52.920><c> Spain</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4493.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I think we will meet in person in Spain"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4493.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I think we will meet in person in Spain if<01:14:53.480><c> I'm</c><01:14:53.560><c> not</c><01:14:53.720><c> mistaken</c><01:14:54.200><c> in</c><01:14:54.320><c> July.</c><01:14:55.160><c> Yes,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4495.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if I'm not mistaken in July. Yes,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4495.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if I'm not mistaken in July. Yes, hopefully."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4496.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hopefully."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4496.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hopefully. That<01:14:56.720><c> sounds</c><01:14:56.960><c> very</c><01:14:57.160><c> exciting.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4498.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That sounds very exciting."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4498.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That sounds very exciting. Yeah.<01:14:59.200><c> Um</c><01:14:59.480><c> I</c><01:14:59.600><c> I</c><01:14:59.840><c> I</c><01:15:00.120><c> I</c><01:15:00.240><c> told</c><01:15:00.560><c> them</c><01:15:00.720><c> to</c><01:15:01.000><c> to</c><01:15:01.120><c> invite</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4501.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Um I I I I told them to to invite"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4501.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Um I I I I told them to to invite you<01:15:01.560><c> specifically.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4503.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you specifically."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4503.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you specifically. Thank<01:15:03.560><c> you.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4505.131,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Thank you."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4505.141,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Thank you. &gt;&gt; [laughter]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4507.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; What<01:15:07.600><c> what's</c><01:15:07.720><c> happening</c><01:15:08.000><c> in</c><01:15:08.080><c> Spain?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4509.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; What what's happening in Spain?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4509.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; What what's happening in Spain? Uh<01:15:09.640><c> there</c><01:15:09.800><c> will</c><01:15:09.920><c> be</c><01:15:10.040><c> a</c><01:15:10.120><c> workshop</c><01:15:11.000><c> um</c><01:15:11.120><c> organized</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4511.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Uh there will be a workshop um organized"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4511.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Uh there will be a workshop um organized by"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4512.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "by"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4512.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "by by<01:15:12.840><c> some</c><01:15:13.160><c> people</c><01:15:14.120><c> um</c><01:15:14.560><c> the</c><01:15:14.640><c> Tatiana</c><01:15:15.080><c> Foundation</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4515.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "by some people um the Tatiana Foundation"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4515.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "by some people um the Tatiana Foundation and<01:15:16.080><c> and</c><01:15:16.240><c> it's</c><01:15:16.360><c> a</c><01:15:16.440><c> workshop</c><01:15:16.840><c> on</c><01:15:16.960><c> the</c><01:15:17.520><c> known</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4518.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and and it's a workshop on the known"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4518.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and and it's a workshop on the known unknowns<01:15:19.040><c> in</c><01:15:19.240><c> our</c><01:15:19.480><c> fields</c><01:15:19.800><c> of</c><01:15:19.920><c> interest</c><01:15:20.440><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4520.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unknowns in our fields of interest and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4520.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unknowns in our fields of interest and &gt;&gt; Oh.<01:15:21.360><c> There</c><01:15:21.520><c> will</c><01:15:21.680><c> be</c><01:15:22.040><c> yeah.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4522.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Oh. There will be yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4522.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Oh. There will be yeah. Um<01:15:23.520><c> more</c><01:15:23.760><c> than</c><01:15:23.960><c> one</c><01:15:24.400><c> uh</c><01:15:24.800><c> um</c><01:15:25.440><c> more</c><01:15:25.640><c> than</c><01:15:25.800><c> one</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4525.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um more than one uh um more than one"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4525.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um more than one uh um more than one field<01:15:26.440><c> is</c><01:15:26.760><c> fields.</c><01:15:27.880><c> Okay.</c><01:15:28.280><c> So,</c><01:15:28.440><c> Chris</c><01:15:28.760><c> fields</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4529.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "field is fields. Okay. So, Chris fields"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4529.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "field is fields. Okay. So, Chris fields &gt;&gt; why<01:15:29.440><c> fields</c><01:15:29.840><c> is</c><01:15:30.080><c> uh</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4530.677,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; why fields is uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4530.687,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; why fields is uh &gt;&gt; [laughter]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4533.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Excellent.<01:15:34.360><c> And</c><01:15:34.640><c> uh</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4535.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Excellent. And uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4535.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Excellent. And uh And<01:15:35.720><c> uh</c><01:15:35.880><c> yeah,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4536.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And uh yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4536.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And uh yeah, um<01:15:37.040><c> discuss</c><01:15:37.480><c> several</c><01:15:37.760><c> things.</c><01:15:38.000><c> But</c><01:15:38.440><c> Don,</c><01:15:38.600><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4538.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um discuss several things. But Don, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4538.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um discuss several things. But Don, I wanted<01:15:38.920><c> to</c><01:15:39.000><c> say</c><01:15:39.160><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4540.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "wanted to say that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4540.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "wanted to say that um<01:15:40.520><c> I</c><01:15:40.640><c> think</c><01:15:40.960><c> this</c><01:15:41.200><c> is</c><01:15:41.480><c> the</c><01:15:41.960><c> the</c><01:15:42.080><c> biggest</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4542.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um I think this is the the biggest"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4542.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um I think this is the the biggest myopia<01:15:43.200><c> in</c><01:15:43.480><c> consciousness</c><01:15:44.040><c> science.</c><01:15:44.800><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4545.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "myopia in consciousness science. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4545.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "myopia in consciousness science. And I<01:15:45.880><c> work</c><01:15:46.120><c> in</c><01:15:46.240><c> Anil</c><01:15:46.520><c> Seth's</c><01:15:46.920><c> lab.</c><01:15:47.640><c> I</c><01:15:47.720><c> did</c><01:15:47.920><c> my</c><01:15:48.040><c> PhD</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4548.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I work in Anil Seth's lab. I did my PhD"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4548.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I work in Anil Seth's lab. I did my PhD with<01:15:48.600><c> Giulio</c><01:15:48.840><c> Tononi.</c><01:15:49.720><c> I</c><01:15:49.800><c> did</c><01:15:50.000><c> a</c><01:15:50.040><c> postdoc</c><01:15:50.400><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4550.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with Giulio Tononi. I did a postdoc with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4550.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with Giulio Tononi. I did a postdoc with David<01:15:50.840><c> Chalmers.</c><01:15:51.920><c> I</c><01:15:52.040><c> work</c><01:15:52.280><c> with</c><01:15:52.480><c> Georg</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4552.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "David Chalmers. I work with Georg"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4552.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "David Chalmers. I work with Georg Northoff<01:15:53.200><c> and</c><01:15:53.400><c> and</c><01:15:53.720><c> the</c><01:15:53.840><c> temporal</c><01:15:54.240><c> specialty</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4554.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Northoff and and the temporal specialty"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4554.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Northoff and and the temporal specialty I<01:15:55.160><c> I</c><01:15:55.320><c> know</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4556.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I I know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4556.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I I know I<01:15:56.480><c> know</c><01:15:56.920><c> all</c><01:15:57.160><c> the</c><01:15:57.280><c> people.</c><01:15:58.120><c> Yeah.</c><01:15:58.360><c> And</c><01:15:58.760><c> all</c><01:15:58.960><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4559.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I know all the people. Yeah. And all of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4559.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I know all the people. Yeah. And all of them<01:15:59.800><c> are</c><01:16:00.120><c> sort</c><01:16:00.480><c> of</c><01:16:01.240><c> either</c><01:16:01.520><c> physicalists</c><01:16:02.400><c> or</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4563.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "them are sort of either physicalists or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4563.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "them are sort of either physicalists or they<01:16:03.280><c> they</c><01:16:03.440><c> still</c><01:16:03.720><c> think</c><01:16:04.120><c> that</c><01:16:04.640><c> consciousness</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4565.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they they still think that consciousness"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4565.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they they still think that consciousness is<01:16:05.360><c> something</c><01:16:05.720><c> we</c><01:16:06.040><c> we</c><01:16:06.240><c> you</c><01:16:06.360><c> squeeze</c><01:16:07.360><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4567.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is something we we you squeeze with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4567.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is something we we you squeeze with enough<01:16:07.800><c> dexterity</c><01:16:08.600><c> at</c><01:16:08.760><c> the</c><01:16:08.880><c> end</c><01:16:09.040><c> of</c><01:16:09.160><c> a</c><01:16:09.240><c> long</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4569.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "enough dexterity at the end of a long"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4569.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "enough dexterity at the end of a long tube<01:16:10.080><c> that</c><01:16:10.360><c> you</c><01:16:10.720><c> operationally</c><01:16:11.440><c> construct.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4572.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "tube that you operationally construct."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4572.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "tube that you operationally construct. And<01:16:13.080><c> and</c><01:16:13.440><c> they</c><01:16:13.560><c> don't</c><01:16:13.840><c> get</c><01:16:14.120><c> they</c><01:16:14.320><c> really</c><01:16:14.640><c> don't</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4574.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And and they don't get they really don't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4574.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And and they don't get they really don't get<01:16:15.080><c> the</c><01:16:15.200><c> point</c><01:16:15.720><c> that</c><01:16:15.920><c> consciousness</c><01:16:16.640><c> is</c><01:16:16.960><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4577.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "get the point that consciousness is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4577.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "get the point that consciousness is the starting<01:16:17.640><c> point.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4578.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "starting point."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4578.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "starting point. And<01:16:19.600><c> everything</c><01:16:20.040><c> else</c><01:16:20.240><c> must</c><01:16:20.520><c> come</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4580.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And everything else must come"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4580.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And everything else must come afterwards.<01:16:21.240><c> You</c><01:16:21.400><c> build</c><01:16:21.720><c> everything</c><01:16:22.040><c> else</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4582.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "afterwards. You build everything else"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4582.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "afterwards. You build everything else from<01:16:22.400><c> consciousness,</c><01:16:22.920><c> not</c><01:16:23.120><c> the</c><01:16:23.240><c> other</c><01:16:23.440><c> way.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4584.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from consciousness, not the other way."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4584.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from consciousness, not the other way. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4585.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4585.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And It's<01:16:25.520><c> hard.</c><01:16:26.440><c> I</c><01:16:26.720><c> know</c><01:16:26.840><c> the</c><01:16:27.160><c> I</c><01:16:27.200><c> know</c><01:16:27.400><c> the</c><01:16:27.520><c> I</c><01:16:27.600><c> know</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4587.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's hard. I know the I know the I know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4587.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "It's hard. I know the I know the I know the<01:16:27.920><c> pain.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4588.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the pain."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4588.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the pain. But<01:16:29.040><c> could</c><01:16:29.240><c> you</c><01:16:29.480><c> do</c><01:16:29.720><c> you</c><01:16:29.840><c> see</c><01:16:30.080><c> your</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4591.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But could you do you see your"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4591.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "But could you do you see your uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4592.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4592.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh con<01:16:32.800><c> the</c><01:16:32.960><c> platonic</c><01:16:33.440><c> space</c><01:16:33.880><c> as</c><01:16:34.080><c> having</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4594.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "con the platonic space as having"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4594.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "con the platonic space as having something<01:16:34.680><c> to</c><01:16:34.800><c> do</c><01:16:34.960><c> with</c><01:16:35.360><c> consciousness</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4596.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something to do with consciousness"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4597.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something to do with consciousness in<01:16:37.120><c> that</c><01:16:37.320><c> sense?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4598.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in that sense?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4598.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in that sense? Or<01:16:38.960><c> being</c><01:16:39.320><c> embedded</c><01:16:39.880><c> within</c><01:16:40.280><c> it?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4602.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Or being embedded within it?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4602.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Or being embedded within it? That's<01:16:42.400><c> Mike's</c><01:16:43.280><c> assets.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4604.693,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's Mike's assets."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4604.703,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That's Mike's assets. &gt;&gt; [laughter]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4605.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [laughter]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4605.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [laughter] &gt;&gt; Yeah,<01:16:45.400><c> that's</c><01:16:46.000><c> that's</c><01:16:46.200><c> him,</c><01:16:46.320><c> Mike.</c><01:16:47.080><c> Well,</c><01:16:47.520><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4608.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah, that's that's him, Mike. Well, um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4608.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah, that's that's him, Mike. Well, um So,<01:16:48.840><c> okay.</c><01:16:49.040><c> So,</c><01:16:49.240><c> so</c><01:16:49.400><c> I'm</c><01:16:49.560><c> I'm</c><01:16:49.720><c> not</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4609.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, okay. So, so I'm I'm not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4609.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, okay. So, so I'm I'm not fundamentally<01:16:50.440><c> a</c><01:16:50.480><c> consciousness</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4611.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "fundamentally a consciousness"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4611.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "fundamentally a consciousness researcher.<01:16:51.480><c> I</c><01:16:51.520><c> don't</c><01:16:51.720><c> have</c><01:16:51.840><c> any</c><01:16:52.000><c> strong</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4612.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "researcher. I don't have any strong"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4612.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "researcher. I don't have any strong claims<01:16:52.960><c> on</c><01:16:53.120><c> this</c><01:16:53.440><c> yet.</c><01:16:54.280><c> Uh</c><01:16:54.320><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4615.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "claims on this yet. Uh and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4615.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "claims on this yet. Uh and but<01:16:55.400><c> if</c><01:16:55.520><c> I</c><01:16:55.600><c> had</c><01:16:55.840><c> to</c><01:16:55.960><c> say</c><01:16:56.200><c> right</c><01:16:56.400><c> now,</c><01:16:56.840><c> I</c><01:16:56.960><c> would</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4617.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but if I had to say right now, I would"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4617.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but if I had to say right now, I would say<01:16:57.360><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4618.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "say that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4618.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "say that uh<01:16:58.840><c> I</c><01:16:59.000><c> I</c><01:16:59.240><c> I</c><01:16:59.360><c> don't</c><01:16:59.720><c> think</c><01:17:00.040><c> that</c><01:17:00.280><c> from</c><01:17:00.440><c> the</c><01:17:00.600><c> point</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4620.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh I I I don't think that from the point"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4620.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh I I I don't think that from the point of<01:17:01.000><c> the</c><01:17:01.640><c> platonic</c><01:17:02.040><c> space</c><01:17:02.680><c> formalism</c><01:17:03.200><c> that</c><01:17:03.360><c> I'm</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4623.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the platonic space formalism that I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4623.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the platonic space formalism that I'm investigating,<01:17:04.920><c> I</c><01:17:05.080><c> I</c><01:17:05.160><c> don't</c><01:17:05.440><c> think</c><01:17:05.720><c> that</c><01:17:05.960><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4626.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "investigating, I I don't think that we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4626.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "investigating, I I don't think that we are<01:17:06.480><c> beings</c><01:17:06.960><c> that</c><01:17:07.040><c> occasionally</c><01:17:07.600><c> get</c><01:17:07.800><c> visited</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4628.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are beings that occasionally get visited"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4628.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are beings that occasionally get visited by<01:17:08.720><c> platonic</c><01:17:09.280><c> patterns</c><01:17:09.720><c> that</c><01:17:09.840><c> are</c><01:17:09.920><c> something</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4630.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "by platonic patterns that are something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4630.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "by platonic patterns that are something else.<01:17:10.400><c> I</c><01:17:10.440><c> think</c><01:17:10.640><c> I</c><01:17:10.680><c> think</c><01:17:10.880><c> we</c><01:17:11.080><c> are</c><01:17:11.240><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4631.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "else. I think I think we are the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4631.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "else. I think I think we are the patterns.<01:17:12.320><c> And</c><01:17:12.840><c> I</c><01:17:12.920><c> think</c><01:17:13.200><c> that</c><01:17:13.320><c> these</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4633.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "patterns. And I think that these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4633.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "patterns. And I think that these patterns<01:17:13.840><c> are</c><01:17:13.960><c> wide</c><01:17:14.320><c> range</c><01:17:14.640><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4635.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "patterns are wide range of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4635.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "patterns are wide range of you<01:17:15.560><c> know,</c><01:17:15.680><c> static,</c><01:17:16.160><c> dynamic,</c><01:17:16.640><c> low</c><01:17:16.800><c> agency,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4637.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, static, dynamic, low agency,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4637.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, static, dynamic, low agency, high<01:17:17.400><c> agency</c><01:17:17.800><c> things.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4638.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "high agency things."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4638.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "high agency things. And<01:17:18.840><c> I</c><01:17:18.920><c> think</c><01:17:19.200><c> what</c><01:17:19.360><c> we</c><01:17:19.480><c> call</c><01:17:19.720><c> consciousness</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4640.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And I think what we call consciousness"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4640.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And I think what we call consciousness is<01:17:21.160><c> the</c><01:17:21.280><c> perspective</c><01:17:22.040><c> from</c><01:17:22.320><c> the</c><01:17:22.400><c> platonic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4642.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is the perspective from the platonic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4642.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is the perspective from the platonic space<01:17:23.800><c> outwards</c><01:17:24.360><c> into</c><01:17:24.960><c> So,</c><01:17:25.320><c> so</c><01:17:25.880><c> what</c><01:17:26.200><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4646.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space outwards into So, so what a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4646.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space outwards into So, so what a pattern<01:17:26.720><c> from</c><01:17:26.960><c> the</c><01:17:27.040><c> platonic</c><01:17:27.560><c> space</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4647.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pattern from the platonic space"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4647.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pattern from the platonic space experiences<01:17:28.760><c> when</c><01:17:28.960><c> it</c><01:17:29.080><c> interacts</c><01:17:29.640><c> with</c><01:17:29.760><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4649.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experiences when it interacts with the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4649.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experiences when it interacts with the physical<01:17:30.240><c> world</c><01:17:30.800><c> is</c><01:17:31.000><c> what</c><01:17:31.120><c> we</c><01:17:31.280><c> tend</c><01:17:31.640><c> to</c><01:17:31.720><c> call</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4651.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "physical world is what we tend to call"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4652.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "physical world is what we tend to call consciousness.<01:17:33.080><c> Now,</c><01:17:33.520><c> I'm</c><01:17:33.680><c> not</c><01:17:34.000><c> sure</c><01:17:34.280><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4654.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness. Now, I'm not sure that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4654.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness. Now, I'm not sure that like<01:17:35.240><c> I</c><01:17:35.320><c> don't</c><01:17:35.560><c> think</c><01:17:35.720><c> that</c><01:17:35.880><c> exhausts</c><01:17:36.480><c> all</c><01:17:36.640><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4656.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like I don't think that exhausts all the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4656.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like I don't think that exhausts all the possibilities.<01:17:37.520><c> I</c><01:17:37.720><c> think</c><01:17:37.960><c> there</c><01:17:38.080><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4658.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "possibilities. I think there are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4658.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "possibilities. I think there are probably<01:17:38.480><c> lateral</c><01:17:38.920><c> interactions</c><01:17:39.520><c> within</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4659.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probably lateral interactions within"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4659.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "probably lateral interactions within that<01:17:40.000><c> world.</c><01:17:40.680><c> I</c><01:17:40.800><c> suspect</c><01:17:41.200><c> that</c><01:17:41.360><c> when</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4661.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that world. I suspect that when"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4661.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that world. I suspect that when mathematicians<01:17:42.840><c> think</c><01:17:43.080><c> about</c><01:17:43.440><c> the</c><01:17:43.640><c> you</c><01:17:43.760><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4663.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mathematicians think about the you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4663.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mathematicians think about the you know, abstract<01:17:44.400><c> mathematical</c><01:17:44.960><c> objects,</c><01:17:45.480><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4665.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "abstract mathematical objects, what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4666.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "abstract mathematical objects, what happens<01:17:46.400><c> is</c><01:17:46.480><c> you</c><01:17:46.560><c> have</c><01:17:46.680><c> two</c><01:17:47.320><c> there</c><01:17:47.480><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4667.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "happens is you have two there are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4667.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "happens is you have two there are basically<01:17:48.000><c> two</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4668.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "basically two"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4668.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "basically two two<01:17:49.000><c> different</c><01:17:49.320><c> patterns</c><01:17:49.680><c> in</c><01:17:49.800><c> resonance</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4670.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "two different patterns in resonance"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4670.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "two different patterns in resonance there,<01:17:50.480><c> the</c><01:17:50.600><c> human</c><01:17:50.880><c> one</c><01:17:51.040><c> and</c><01:17:51.160><c> the</c><01:17:51.600><c> you</c><01:17:51.720><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4671.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there, the human one and the you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4671.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "there, the human one and the you know, whatever<01:17:52.040><c> it</c><01:17:52.120><c> is</c><01:17:52.240><c> that</c><01:17:52.360><c> they're</c><01:17:52.520><c> studying.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4673.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "whatever it is that they're studying."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4673.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "whatever it is that they're studying. So,<01:17:53.880><c> there</c><01:17:54.040><c> may</c><01:17:54.200><c> be</c><01:17:54.320><c> lateral</c><01:17:54.720><c> interactions</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4675.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, there may be lateral interactions"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4675.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, there may be lateral interactions that<01:17:55.440><c> don't</c><01:17:55.640><c> even</c><01:17:55.880><c> require</c><01:17:56.440><c> the</c><01:17:56.600><c> physical</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4676.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that don't even require the physical"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4677.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that don't even require the physical world<01:17:57.320><c> per</c><01:17:57.440><c> se.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4678.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "world per se."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4678.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "world per se. Uh<01:17:58.800><c> but</c><01:17:59.040><c> but</c><01:17:59.200><c> basically</c><01:17:59.880><c> what</c><01:18:00.080><c> I</c><01:18:00.160><c> think</c><01:18:00.440><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4680.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Uh but but basically what I think we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4680.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Uh but but basically what I think we mean<01:18:01.160><c> when</c><01:18:01.400><c> we</c><01:18:01.520><c> talk</c><01:18:01.719><c> about</c><01:18:01.920><c> consciousness</c><01:18:02.480><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4682.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mean when we talk about consciousness is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4682.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mean when we talk about consciousness is what<01:18:02.800><c> it's</c><01:18:02.960><c> like</c><01:18:03.240><c> to</c><01:18:03.400><c> be</c><01:18:04.120><c> a</c><01:18:04.600><c> platonic</c><01:18:05.120><c> pattern</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4685.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what it's like to be a platonic pattern"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4685.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what it's like to be a platonic pattern projecting<01:18:06.520><c> into</c><01:18:06.840><c> a</c><01:18:06.960><c> physical</c><01:18:07.480><c> world</c><01:18:07.719><c> through</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4687.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "projecting into a physical world through"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4687.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "projecting into a physical world through some<01:18:08.160><c> interface.</c><01:18:08.880><c> So,</c><01:18:09.080><c> that</c><01:18:09.360><c> might</c><01:18:09.600><c> be</c><01:18:09.800><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4689.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "some interface. So, that might be you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4689.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "some interface. So, that might be you know,<01:18:10.360><c> the</c><01:18:10.800><c> sense</c><01:18:11.040><c> organs</c><01:18:11.320><c> that</c><01:18:11.440><c> we</c><01:18:11.560><c> have</c><01:18:11.719><c> or</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4691.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, the sense organs that we have or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4691.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, the sense organs that we have or something<01:18:12.080><c> completely</c><01:18:12.520><c> different</c><01:18:13.320><c> and</c><01:18:13.480><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4693.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something completely different and so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4693.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "something completely different and so on."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4694.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "on."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4694.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "on. So,<01:18:14.560><c> the</c><01:18:14.640><c> platonic</c><01:18:15.120><c> patterns</c><01:18:15.520><c> transcend</c><01:18:16.640><c> our</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4697.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the platonic patterns transcend our"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4697.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, the platonic patterns transcend our experiential<01:18:17.840><c> notion</c><01:18:18.120><c> of</c><01:18:18.200><c> consciousness.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4700.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experiential notion of consciousness."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4700.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experiential notion of consciousness. I<01:18:20.840><c> I</c><01:18:21.240><c> In</c><01:18:21.440><c> the</c><01:18:21.560><c> sense</c><01:18:21.960><c> that</c><01:18:22.760><c> uh</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4704.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I I In the sense that uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4704.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I I In the sense that uh Well,<01:18:24.240><c> say</c><01:18:24.440><c> say</c><01:18:24.680><c> more.</c><01:18:24.880><c> What</c><01:18:25.120><c> what</c><01:18:25.240><c> do</c><01:18:25.320><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4705.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, say say more. What what do you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4705.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, say say more. What what do you mean<01:18:25.520><c> about</c><01:18:25.719><c> that?</c><01:18:26.200><c> Well,</c><01:18:26.360><c> there's</c><01:18:26.680><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4707.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mean about that? Well, there's a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4707.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mean about that? Well, there's a platonic<01:18:28.400><c> realm</c><01:18:28.760><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4709.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "platonic realm that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4709.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "platonic realm that maybe<01:18:30.080><c> we</c><01:18:30.240><c> shouldn't</c><01:18:30.560><c> describe</c><01:18:30.960><c> as</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4711.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "maybe we shouldn't describe as"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4711.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "maybe we shouldn't describe as conscious,<01:18:31.560><c> but</c><01:18:31.800><c> but</c><01:18:32.280><c> we</c><01:18:32.520><c> perceive</c><01:18:33.240><c> but</c><01:18:33.880><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4713.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conscious, but but we perceive but a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4713.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conscious, but but we perceive but a human<01:18:34.240><c> perspective</c><01:18:34.760><c> on</c><01:18:34.880><c> it</c><01:18:35.040><c> is</c><01:18:35.360><c> we</c><01:18:35.680><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4715.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "human perspective on it is we we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4715.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "human perspective on it is we we experience<01:18:36.520><c> it</c><01:18:37.120><c> as</c><01:18:37.280><c> consciousness</c><01:18:37.840><c> sort</c><01:18:38.040><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4718.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experience it as consciousness sort of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4718.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "experience it as consciousness sort of looking<01:18:38.440><c> at</c><01:18:38.560><c> it</c><01:18:38.680><c> somehow.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4720.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "looking at it somehow."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4720.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "looking at it somehow. So,<01:18:40.320><c> that's</c><01:18:40.600><c> just</c><01:18:40.960><c> perspective.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4722.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's just perspective."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4722.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's just perspective. Yeah,<01:18:42.640><c> I</c><01:18:43.160><c> I</c><01:18:43.360><c> I</c><01:18:43.480><c> think</c><01:18:43.719><c> I</c><01:18:43.800><c> think</c><01:18:44.040><c> I</c><01:18:44.120><c> think</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4724.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, I I I think I think I think"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4724.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah, I I I think I think I think ultimately<01:18:45.400><c> I</c><01:18:45.719><c> think</c><01:18:46.240><c> some</c><01:18:46.520><c> version</c><01:18:46.880><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4726.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ultimately I think some version of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4727.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ultimately I think some version of idealism<01:18:47.560><c> is</c><01:18:47.680><c> probably</c><01:18:48.120><c> the</c><01:18:48.640><c> the</c><01:18:49.040><c> more</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4729.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "idealism is probably the the more"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4729.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "idealism is probably the the more accurate<01:18:50.000><c> thing.</c><01:18:50.640><c> Like</c><01:18:50.840><c> I</c><01:18:50.880><c> do</c><01:18:51.080><c> think</c><01:18:51.280><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4731.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "accurate thing. Like I do think that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4731.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "accurate thing. Like I do think that consciousness<01:18:51.920><c> is</c><01:18:52.040><c> fundamental.</c><01:18:53.280><c> But</c><01:18:53.719><c> but</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4734.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness is fundamental. But but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4734.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness is fundamental. But but but<01:18:54.560><c> but</c><01:18:54.760><c> I</c><01:18:54.960><c> don't</c><01:18:55.200><c> know</c><01:18:55.320><c> what</c><01:18:55.480><c> to</c><01:18:55.600><c> do</c><01:18:55.800><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4735.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but but I don't know what to do with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4735.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but but I don't know what to do with that<01:18:56.120><c> on</c><01:18:56.240><c> a</c><01:18:56.280><c> practical</c><01:18:57.080><c> level</c><01:18:57.520><c> right</c><01:18:57.719><c> now,</c><01:18:58.120><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4738.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that on a practical level right now, you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4738.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that on a practical level right now, you know?<01:18:58.719><c> Like</c><01:18:58.960><c> I</c><01:18:59.000><c> don't</c><01:18:59.240><c> have</c><01:18:59.400><c> a</c><01:18:59.440><c> way</c><01:18:59.600><c> of</c><01:18:59.719><c> making</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4740.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know? Like I don't have a way of making"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4740.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know? Like I don't have a way of making use<01:19:00.240><c> of</c><01:19:00.360><c> that</c><01:19:00.520><c> in</c><01:19:00.600><c> the</c><01:19:00.680><c> lab</c><01:19:00.920><c> or</c><01:19:01.000><c> anything</c><01:19:01.280><c> like</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4741.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "use of that in the lab or anything like"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4741.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "use of that in the lab or anything like that.<01:19:01.920><c> What</c><01:19:02.120><c> I</c><01:19:02.240><c> see</c><01:19:02.640><c> is</c><01:19:02.800><c> a</c><01:19:02.880><c> way</c><01:19:03.000><c> to</c><01:19:03.120><c> make</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4743.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that. What I see is a way to make"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4743.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that. What I see is a way to make progress<01:19:03.840><c> with</c><01:19:04.080><c> a</c><01:19:04.160><c> somewhat</c><01:19:04.480><c> more</c><01:19:04.680><c> dualistic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4745.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "progress with a somewhat more dualistic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4745.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "progress with a somewhat more dualistic version,<01:19:05.960><c> which</c><01:19:06.280><c> you</c><01:19:06.400><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4747.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "version, which you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4747.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "version, which you know, I<01:19:07.719><c> agree</c><01:19:08.040><c> that</c><01:19:08.240><c> it</c><01:19:08.280><c> would</c><01:19:08.400><c> be</c><01:19:08.520><c> nice</c><01:19:08.800><c> to</c><01:19:08.880><c> have</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4749.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I agree that it would be nice to have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4749.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I agree that it would be nice to have some<01:19:09.200><c> kind</c><01:19:09.400><c> of</c><01:19:09.840><c> simple</c><01:19:10.200><c> monism.</c><01:19:10.560><c> But</c><01:19:11.040><c> but</c><01:19:11.160><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4751.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "some kind of simple monism. But but what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4751.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "some kind of simple monism. But but what I<01:19:11.400><c> see</c><01:19:11.560><c> right</c><01:19:11.760><c> now</c><01:19:12.000><c> is</c><01:19:12.160><c> that</c><01:19:12.440><c> we</c><01:19:12.600><c> have</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4753.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I see right now is that we have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4753.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I see right now is that we have different<01:19:14.080><c> but</c><01:19:14.200><c> interacting</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4756.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different but interacting"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4756.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different but interacting realms<01:19:16.520><c> so</c><01:19:16.680><c> to</c><01:19:16.760><c> speak</c><01:19:17.520><c> that</c><01:19:18.280><c> that</c><01:19:18.560><c> and</c><01:19:18.680><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4758.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "realms so to speak that that and that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4758.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "realms so to speak that that and that model<01:19:19.280><c> helps</c><01:19:19.600><c> us</c><01:19:19.719><c> to</c><01:19:19.840><c> do</c><01:19:20.000><c> new</c><01:19:20.160><c> experiments</c><01:19:20.680><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4760.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "model helps us to do new experiments and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4760.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "model helps us to do new experiments and make<01:19:20.920><c> new</c><01:19:21.040><c> discoveries.</c><01:19:21.760><c> So,</c><01:19:21.880><c> for</c><01:19:22.080><c> now,</c><01:19:22.960><c> I</c><01:19:23.320><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4763.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "make new discoveries. So, for now, I you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4763.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "make new discoveries. So, for now, I you know,<01:19:23.720><c> I</c><01:19:23.960><c> I</c><01:19:24.040><c> do</c><01:19:24.240><c> think</c><01:19:24.440><c> that</c><01:19:24.960><c> um</c><01:19:25.440><c> the</c><01:19:25.680><c> they're</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4765.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, I I do think that um the they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4765.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, I I do think that um the they're they're<01:19:26.160><c> sort</c><01:19:26.400><c> of</c><01:19:26.520><c> two</c><01:19:26.680><c> two</c><01:19:26.920><c> separate</c><01:19:27.200><c> things,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4767.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they're sort of two two separate things,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4767.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "they're sort of two two separate things, but<01:19:27.640><c> ultimately,</c><01:19:28.560><c> if</c><01:19:28.760><c> I</c><01:19:28.800><c> had</c><01:19:29.040><c> to</c><01:19:29.560><c> guess,</c><01:19:29.920><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4770.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but ultimately, if I had to guess, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4770.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but ultimately, if I had to guess, I would<01:19:30.200><c> say</c><01:19:30.320><c> that</c><01:19:30.520><c> consciousness</c><01:19:31.040><c> is</c><01:19:31.240><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4771.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "would say that consciousness is is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4771.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "would say that consciousness is is primary."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4772.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "primary."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4772.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "primary. Um<01:19:32.800><c> I</c><01:19:32.880><c> don't</c><01:19:33.080><c> know</c><01:19:33.240><c> how</c><01:19:33.360><c> to</c><01:19:33.480><c> do</c><01:19:33.600><c> that</c><01:19:33.800><c> reduction</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4774.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um I don't know how to do that reduction"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4774.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um I don't know how to do that reduction right<01:19:34.640><c> now,</c><01:19:34.920><c> so</c><01:19:35.120><c> I'm</c><01:19:35.240><c> sticking</c><01:19:35.560><c> with</c><01:19:35.680><c> two</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4775.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right now, so I'm sticking with two"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4775.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right now, so I'm sticking with two because<01:19:36.320><c> that's</c><01:19:36.560><c> what</c><01:19:36.720><c> that's</c><01:19:36.920><c> what</c><01:19:37.000><c> we</c><01:19:37.120><c> can</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4777.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because that's what that's what we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4777.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because that's what that's what we can we<01:19:37.520><c> can</c><01:19:37.640><c> handle</c><01:19:37.960><c> right</c><01:19:38.120><c> now.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4778.925,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we can handle right now."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4778.935,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we can handle right now. &gt;&gt; [snorts]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4780.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [snorts]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4780.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [snorts] &gt;&gt; Yeah.<01:19:40.880><c> My</c><01:19:41.080><c> my</c><01:19:41.440><c> one</c><01:19:41.680><c> of</c><01:19:41.800><c> our</c><01:19:42.240><c> goals</c><01:19:43.080><c> is</c><01:19:43.440><c> to</c><01:19:43.920><c> show</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4784.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah. My my one of our goals is to show"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4784.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah. My my one of our goals is to show that<01:19:44.320><c> we</c><01:19:44.440><c> can</c><01:19:44.600><c> actually</c><01:19:44.880><c> get</c><01:19:45.040><c> space-time</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4786.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that we can actually get space-time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4786.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that we can actually get space-time special<01:19:47.120><c> and</c><01:19:47.200><c> general</c><01:19:47.440><c> relativity</c><01:19:47.880><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4788.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "special and general relativity and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4788.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "special and general relativity and quantum<01:19:48.880><c> theory</c><01:19:49.240><c> from</c><01:19:50.000><c> this</c><01:19:50.200><c> theory</c><01:19:50.520><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4790.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum theory from this theory of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4790.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantum theory from this theory of Markov<01:19:51.160><c> chains</c><01:19:51.400><c> of</c><01:19:51.520><c> consciousness.</c><01:19:52.560><c> In</c><01:19:52.680><c> which</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4792.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains of consciousness. In which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4792.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains of consciousness. In which in<01:19:53.040><c> which</c><01:19:53.240><c> case</c><01:19:53.480><c> then</c><01:19:53.680><c> we</c><01:19:53.840><c> could</c><01:19:54.080><c> inherit</c><01:19:54.480><c> all</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4794.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in which case then we could inherit all"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4794.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in which case then we could inherit all the<01:19:54.920><c> work</c><01:19:55.120><c> that's</c><01:19:55.280><c> been</c><01:19:55.400><c> done</c><01:19:55.920><c> in</c><01:19:56.160><c> physics,</c><01:19:57.000><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4797.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the work that's been done in physics, um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4797.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the work that's been done in physics, um but<01:19:57.520><c> but</c><01:19:57.720><c> see</c><01:19:58.000><c> it</c><01:19:58.480><c> arising</c><01:19:58.960><c> from</c><01:19:59.200><c> a</c><01:19:59.400><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4799.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but but see it arising from a a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4799.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but but see it arising from a a consciousness-first"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4801.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness-first"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4801.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "consciousness-first point<01:20:01.520><c> of</c><01:20:01.600><c> view.</c><01:20:01.880><c> So,</c><01:20:02.040><c> that's</c><01:20:02.360><c> that's</c><01:20:02.880><c> where</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4803.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "point of view. So, that's that's where"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4803.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "point of view. So, that's that's where I'm<01:20:03.200><c> headed.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4804.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm headed."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4804.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm headed. Um<01:20:04.560><c> Yeah.</c><01:20:05.080><c> I</c><01:20:05.120><c> mean,</c><01:20:05.320><c> for</c><01:20:05.520><c> us,</c><01:20:05.760><c> you</c><01:20:05.880><c> know,</c><01:20:06.000><c> one</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4806.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um Yeah. I mean, for us, you know, one"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4806.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um Yeah. I mean, for us, you know, one of<01:20:06.280><c> the</c><01:20:06.600><c> one</c><01:20:06.760><c> of</c><01:20:06.840><c> the</c><01:20:07.320><c> important</c><01:20:07.800><c> pieces</c><01:20:08.120><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4808.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the one of the important pieces of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4808.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the one of the important pieces of our<01:20:08.320><c> research</c><01:20:08.680><c> program</c><01:20:09.080><c> is</c><01:20:09.360><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4810.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "our research program is to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4810.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "our research program is to understand<01:20:11.160><c> the</c><01:20:11.280><c> mapping</c><01:20:11.720><c> between</c><01:20:12.080><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4812.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "understand the mapping between the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4812.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "understand the mapping between the interfaces<01:20:12.880><c> that</c><01:20:13.040><c> we</c><01:20:13.160><c> construct,</c><01:20:14.160><c> and</c><01:20:14.320><c> those</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4814.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interfaces that we construct, and those"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4814.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interfaces that we construct, and those are<01:20:14.880><c> anything</c><01:20:15.320><c> from</c><01:20:15.880><c> sorting</c><01:20:16.320><c> algorithms</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4816.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are anything from sorting algorithms"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4816.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are anything from sorting algorithms through<01:20:17.440><c> cyborgs</c><01:20:18.320><c> through</c><01:20:18.800><c> xenobots,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4819.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "through cyborgs through xenobots,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4819.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "through cyborgs through xenobots, embryos,<01:20:20.880><c> you</c><01:20:21.000><c> know,</c><01:20:21.160><c> you</c><01:20:21.240><c> name</c><01:20:21.480><c> it,</c><01:20:21.600><c> like</c><01:20:21.800><c> all</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4821.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "embryos, you know, you name it, like all"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4821.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "embryos, you know, you name it, like all of<01:20:22.000><c> these</c><01:20:22.120><c> stuff.</c><01:20:22.560><c> To</c><01:20:22.680><c> understand</c><01:20:23.200><c> what</c><01:20:23.360><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4823.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of these stuff. To understand what what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4823.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of these stuff. To understand what what are<01:20:23.600><c> the</c><01:20:23.720><c> properties</c><01:20:24.240><c> of</c><01:20:24.320><c> these</c><01:20:24.520><c> things</c><01:20:24.840><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4825.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are the properties of these things that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4825.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are the properties of these things that facilitate<01:20:26.120><c> the</c><01:20:26.240><c> ingression</c><01:20:26.680><c> of</c><01:20:26.800><c> specific</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4827.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "facilitate the ingression of specific"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4827.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "facilitate the ingression of specific patterns<01:20:27.880><c> from</c><01:20:28.000><c> the</c><01:20:28.120><c> space.</c><01:20:28.720><c> Like,</c><01:20:29.480><c> so</c><01:20:29.800><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4830.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "patterns from the space. Like, so so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4830.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "patterns from the space. Like, so so what<01:20:30.680><c> what</c><01:20:30.800><c> you</c><01:20:30.880><c> know,</c><01:20:31.000><c> what</c><01:20:31.240><c> what</c><01:20:31.400><c> what</c><01:20:31.560><c> is</c><01:20:31.680><c> it</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4831.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what what you know, what what what is it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4831.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what what you know, what what what is it about<01:20:32.000><c> this</c><01:20:32.120><c> thing</c><01:20:32.320><c> you've</c><01:20:32.480><c> made</c><01:20:32.720><c> that</c><01:20:32.880><c> pulls</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4833.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about this thing you've made that pulls"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4833.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about this thing you've made that pulls down<01:20:33.320><c> this</c><01:20:33.520><c> rather</c><01:20:33.800><c> than</c><01:20:33.960><c> that?</c><01:20:34.840><c> And</c><01:20:35.600><c> the</c><01:20:35.760><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4835.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "down this rather than that? And the and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4835.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "down this rather than that? And the and the<01:20:36.000><c> right</c><01:20:36.200><c> then</c><01:20:36.320><c> that</c><01:20:36.480><c> allows</c><01:20:36.960><c> different</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4837.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the right then that allows different"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4837.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the right then that allows different different<01:20:37.640><c> degrees</c><01:20:38.200><c> of</c><01:20:38.520><c> and</c><01:20:38.640><c> different</c><01:20:38.920><c> kinds</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4839.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different degrees of and different kinds"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4839.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "different degrees of and different kinds of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4840.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4840.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of of<01:20:40.600><c> of</c><01:20:40.760><c> mind</c><01:20:41.040><c> state</c><01:20:41.360><c> to</c><01:20:41.600><c> to</c><01:20:41.720><c> interact</c><01:20:42.160><c> through</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4842.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of of mind state to to interact through"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4842.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of of mind state to to interact through it.<01:20:43.040><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4844.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4844.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it. And uh<01:20:44.400><c> also</c><01:20:44.840><c> to</c><01:20:45.040><c> quantify</c><01:20:45.760><c> in</c><01:20:45.880><c> so</c><01:20:46.040><c> we've</c><01:20:46.400><c> got</c><01:20:46.600><c> some</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4847.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh also to quantify in so we've got some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4847.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh also to quantify in so we've got some we've<01:20:47.560><c> got</c><01:20:47.640><c> some</c><01:20:47.840><c> wild</c><01:20:48.200><c> stuff</c><01:20:48.440><c> that's</c><01:20:48.680><c> kind</c><01:20:48.920><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4850.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we've got some wild stuff that's kind of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4850.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we've got some wild stuff that's kind of uh<01:20:50.360><c> ripening</c><01:20:50.960><c> in</c><01:20:51.280><c> the</c><01:20:51.400><c> next</c><01:20:51.800><c> few</c><01:20:52.000><c> months</c><01:20:52.520><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4852.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh ripening in the next few months that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4852.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh ripening in the next few months that I'd<01:20:52.760><c> love</c><01:20:52.960><c> to</c><01:20:53.080><c> run</c><01:20:53.320><c> by</c><01:20:53.520><c> all</c><01:20:53.680><c> of</c><01:20:53.760><c> you.</c><01:20:53.880><c> We'll</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4854.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'd love to run by all of you. We'll"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4854.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'd love to run by all of you. We'll we'll<01:20:54.280><c> all</c><01:20:54.640><c> we</c><01:20:54.720><c> should</c><01:20:54.880><c> all</c><01:20:55.000><c> have</c><01:20:55.120><c> another</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4855.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we'll all we should all have another"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4855.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we'll all we should all have another meeting<01:20:55.640><c> so</c><01:20:55.760><c> you</c><01:20:55.840><c> can</c><01:20:56.000><c> see.</c><01:20:56.560><c> But</c><01:20:57.160><c> we've</c><01:20:57.360><c> been</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4857.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "meeting so you can see. But we've been"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4857.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "meeting so you can see. But we've been we've<01:20:57.720><c> been</c><01:20:57.840><c> trying</c><01:20:58.040><c> to</c><01:20:58.160><c> quantify</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4859.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we've been trying to quantify"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4859.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we've been trying to quantify like<01:20:59.680><c> one</c><01:20:59.800><c> of</c><01:20:59.880><c> the</c><01:20:59.960><c> things</c><01:21:00.160><c> that</c><01:21:00.280><c> I</c><01:21:00.320><c> think</c><01:21:00.520><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4860.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like one of the things that I think is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4860.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like one of the things that I think is really<01:21:00.880><c> important</c><01:21:01.240><c> about</c><01:21:01.440><c> this</c><01:21:01.800><c> Platonic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4862.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "really important about this Platonic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4862.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "really important about this Platonic space<01:21:02.480><c> thing</c><01:21:02.680><c> is</c><01:21:03.240><c> that</c><01:21:03.680><c> it's</c><01:21:03.880><c> not</c><01:21:04.080><c> just</c><01:21:04.320><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4864.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space thing is that it's not just a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4864.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space thing is that it's not just a redescription,<01:21:05.720><c> you</c><01:21:05.800><c> know,</c><01:21:05.920><c> and</c><01:21:06.040><c> a</c><01:21:06.080><c> bunch</c><01:21:06.320><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4866.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "redescription, you know, and a bunch of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4866.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "redescription, you know, and a bunch of sort<01:21:06.880><c> of</c><01:21:07.200><c> useless</c><01:21:08.120><c> you</c><01:21:08.240><c> know,</c><01:21:08.320><c> philosophy</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4868.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sort of useless you know, philosophy"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4868.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sort of useless you know, philosophy that<01:21:08.880><c> you</c><01:21:08.960><c> sprinkle</c><01:21:09.400><c> on</c><01:21:09.480><c> top</c><01:21:09.720><c> of</c><01:21:09.800><c> things</c><01:21:10.000><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4870.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that you sprinkle on top of things that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4870.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that you sprinkle on top of things that work<01:21:10.320><c> perfectly</c><01:21:10.760><c> well.</c><01:21:11.160><c> It</c><01:21:11.280><c> actually</c><01:21:11.560><c> makes</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4871.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "work perfectly well. It actually makes"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4871.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "work perfectly well. It actually makes very<01:21:11.960><c> new</c><01:21:12.120><c> predictions</c><01:21:12.640><c> in</c><01:21:12.760><c> the</c><01:21:12.840><c> sense</c><01:21:13.080><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4873.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very new predictions in the sense that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4873.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very new predictions in the sense that it<01:21:13.840><c> suggests</c><01:21:14.280><c> that</c><01:21:14.520><c> what</c><01:21:14.680><c> you're</c><01:21:14.800><c> getting</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4875.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it suggests that what you're getting"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4875.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it suggests that what you're getting from<01:21:15.280><c> that</c><01:21:15.480><c> space</c><01:21:16.200><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4877.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from that space is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4877.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from that space is are<01:21:17.640><c> things</c><01:21:18.000><c> that</c><01:21:18.280><c> using</c><01:21:18.640><c> conventional</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4880.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are things that using conventional"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4880.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "are things that using conventional um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4880.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4880.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "um theories<01:21:21.280><c> or</c><01:21:21.440><c> that</c><01:21:21.640><c> we</c><01:21:21.760><c> have</c><01:21:21.920><c> now</c><01:21:22.080><c> of</c><01:21:22.200><c> doing</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4882.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theories or that we have now of doing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4882.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "theories or that we have now of doing the<01:21:22.520><c> accounting</c><01:21:23.000><c> of</c><01:21:23.120><c> effort</c><01:21:23.480><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4883.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the accounting of effort of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4883.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the accounting of effort of computational<01:21:24.280><c> cost</c><01:21:24.680><c> of</c><01:21:24.760><c> physical</c><01:21:25.120><c> cost,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4885.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "computational cost of physical cost,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4885.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "computational cost of physical cost, these<01:21:25.520><c> kinds</c><01:21:25.720><c> of</c><01:21:25.800><c> things</c><01:21:26.440><c> that</c><01:21:26.960><c> you</c><01:21:27.120><c> get</c><01:21:27.400><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4887.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "these kinds of things that you get you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4887.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "these kinds of things that you get you get<01:21:28.080><c> free</c><01:21:28.320><c> lunches</c><01:21:28.720><c> or</c><01:21:28.800><c> at</c><01:21:28.880><c> least</c><01:21:29.120><c> heavily</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4889.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "get free lunches or at least heavily"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4889.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "get free lunches or at least heavily discounted<01:21:30.000><c> lunches.</c><01:21:30.360><c> You</c><01:21:30.480><c> get</c><01:21:30.760><c> more</c><01:21:30.960><c> than</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4891.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "discounted lunches. You get more than"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4891.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "discounted lunches. You get more than you<01:21:31.240><c> put</c><01:21:31.440><c> in.</c><01:21:32.080><c> You</c><01:21:32.400><c> you</c><01:21:32.480><c> know,</c><01:21:32.680><c> our</c><01:21:32.920><c> our</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4893.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you put in. You you know, our our"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4893.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you put in. You you know, our our accounting<01:21:33.640><c> isn't</c><01:21:34.280><c> adding</c><01:21:34.640><c> up</c><01:21:35.120><c> everything</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4895.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "accounting isn't adding up everything"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4895.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "accounting isn't adding up everything that<01:21:35.720><c> you</c><01:21:35.800><c> get.</c><01:21:36.040><c> We're</c><01:21:36.160><c> missing</c><01:21:36.560><c> something</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4897.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that you get. We're missing something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4897.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that you get. We're missing something very<01:21:37.480><c> significant.</c><01:21:38.360><c> And</c><01:21:38.520><c> we</c><01:21:38.600><c> now</c><01:21:38.800><c> have</c><01:21:39.000><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4899.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very significant. And we now have the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4899.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very significant. And we now have the ability<01:21:39.720><c> to</c><01:21:40.200><c> quantify</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4901.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ability to quantify"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4901.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ability to quantify how<01:21:41.880><c> much</c><01:21:42.120><c> are</c><01:21:42.240><c> we</c><01:21:42.360><c> getting</c><01:21:42.640><c> how</c><01:21:42.720><c> much</c><01:21:43.080><c> how</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4903.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how much are we getting how much how"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4903.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "how much are we getting how much how much<01:21:43.840><c> free</c><01:21:44.041><c> [snorts]</c><01:21:44.520><c> memory,</c><01:21:44.920><c> free</c><01:21:45.160><c> compute,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4905.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "much free [snorts] memory, free compute,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4905.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "much free [snorts] memory, free compute, free<01:21:45.960><c> you</c><01:21:46.080><c> know,</c><01:21:46.200><c> whatever.</c><01:21:46.840><c> Um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4907.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "free you know, whatever. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4907.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "free you know, whatever. Um Uh<01:21:48.000><c> we</c><01:21:48.120><c> can</c><01:21:48.560><c> at</c><01:21:48.840><c> least</c><01:21:49.080><c> in</c><01:21:49.240><c> simple</c><01:21:50.080><c> uh</c><01:21:50.160><c> toy</c><01:21:50.520><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4910.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Uh we can at least in simple uh toy you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4910.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Uh we can at least in simple uh toy you know,<01:21:50.800><c> sort</c><01:21:51.000><c> of</c><01:21:51.600><c> minimal</c><01:21:51.960><c> models</c><01:21:52.360><c> we</c><01:21:52.480><c> can</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4912.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, sort of minimal models we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4912.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, sort of minimal models we can quantify<01:21:53.000><c> that.</c><01:21:53.120><c> In</c><01:21:53.200><c> biology,</c><01:21:54.160><c> you</c><01:21:54.320><c> you</c><01:21:54.400><c> can</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4914.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantify that. In biology, you you can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4914.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantify that. In biology, you you can see<01:21:54.800><c> it,</c><01:21:54.920><c> but</c><01:21:55.160><c> but</c><01:21:55.440><c> but</c><01:21:55.600><c> it's</c><01:21:55.720><c> hard</c><01:21:55.920><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4915.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "see it, but but but it's hard to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4916.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "see it, but but but it's hard to quantify<01:21:56.480><c> or</c><01:21:56.600><c> prove</c><01:21:56.840><c> anything.</c><01:21:57.120><c> It's</c><01:21:57.200><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4917.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantify or prove anything. It's just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4917.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "quantify or prove anything. It's just too<01:21:57.480><c> complicated.</c><01:21:58.400><c> Whereas</c><01:21:58.680><c> in</c><01:21:58.760><c> these</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4918.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "too complicated. Whereas in these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4918.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "too complicated. Whereas in these minimal<01:21:59.280><c> models,</c><01:22:00.240><c> we</c><01:22:00.440><c> can</c><01:22:00.560><c> actually</c><01:22:00.880><c> quantify</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4921.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimal models, we can actually quantify"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4921.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "minimal models, we can actually quantify you<01:22:01.880><c> know,</c><01:22:01.960><c> what</c><01:22:02.160><c> did</c><01:22:02.320><c> we</c><01:22:02.440><c> get</c><01:22:02.680><c> that</c><01:22:02.800><c> we</c><01:22:02.920><c> didn't</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4923.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, what did we get that we didn't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4923.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, what did we get that we didn't pay<01:22:03.360><c> for</c><01:22:03.640><c> according</c><01:22:04.040><c> to</c><01:22:04.160><c> the</c><01:22:04.240><c> conventional</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4924.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pay for according to the conventional"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4924.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pay for according to the conventional way<01:22:05.000><c> of</c><01:22:05.760><c> totaling</c><01:22:06.240><c> up</c><01:22:06.440><c> effort.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4927.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "way of totaling up effort."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4927.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "way of totaling up effort. So,<01:22:08.400><c> and</c><01:22:08.960><c> and</c><01:22:09.080><c> so</c><01:22:09.200><c> that's</c><01:22:09.440><c> really</c><01:22:09.640><c> important</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4929.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, and and so that's really important"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4929.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, and and so that's really important to<01:22:09.960><c> find</c><01:22:10.240><c> out</c><01:22:10.520><c> how</c><01:22:10.680><c> much</c><01:22:11.160><c> and</c><01:22:11.360><c> and</c><01:22:11.600><c> what</c><01:22:11.800><c> do</c><01:22:11.920><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4932.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to find out how much and and what do you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4932.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to find out how much and and what do you get?<01:22:12.320><c> You</c><01:22:12.400><c> know,</c><01:22:12.600><c> do</c><01:22:12.720><c> you</c><01:22:12.840><c> just</c><01:22:13.080><c> get</c><01:22:13.240><c> static</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4933.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "get? You know, do you just get static"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4933.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "get? You know, do you just get static patterns?<01:22:14.000><c> Do</c><01:22:14.120><c> you</c><01:22:14.200><c> get</c><01:22:14.400><c> behavioral</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4935.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "patterns? Do you get behavioral"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4935.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "patterns? Do you get behavioral propensities?<01:22:16.160><c> Do</c><01:22:16.280><c> you</c><01:22:16.520><c> you</c><01:22:16.640><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4936.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "propensities? Do you you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4936.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "propensities? Do you you know, algorithms?<01:22:17.280><c> Do</c><01:22:17.360><c> you</c><01:22:17.480><c> get</c><01:22:17.680><c> virtual</c><01:22:18.040><c> machines?</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4938.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "algorithms? Do you get virtual machines?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4938.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "algorithms? Do you get virtual machines? You<01:22:18.680><c> know,</c><01:22:18.800><c> do</c><01:22:18.880><c> you</c><01:22:18.920><c> get</c><01:22:19.080><c> free</c><01:22:19.280><c> compute</c><01:22:20.040><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4940.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "You know, do you get free compute that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4940.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "You know, do you get free compute that you<01:22:20.240><c> can</c><01:22:20.400><c> do</c><01:22:20.520><c> in</c><01:22:20.600><c> that</c><01:22:20.760><c> space?</c><01:22:21.040><c> Like</c><01:22:21.160><c> that's</c><01:22:21.360><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4941.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you can do in that space? Like that's a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4941.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you can do in that space? Like that's a you<01:22:21.880><c> know,</c><01:22:21.960><c> kind</c><01:22:22.120><c> of</c><01:22:22.200><c> a</c><01:22:22.240><c> crazy</c><01:22:22.840><c> prediction</c><01:22:23.240><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4943.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, kind of a crazy prediction of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4943.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, kind of a crazy prediction of mine<01:22:23.480><c> that</c><01:22:23.640><c> I</c><01:22:23.760><c> I</c><01:22:23.840><c> think</c><01:22:24.040><c> you</c><01:22:24.120><c> can</c><01:22:24.200><c> actually</c><01:22:24.480><c> get</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4944.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mine that I I think you can actually get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4944.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mine that I I think you can actually get you<01:22:25.040><c> can</c><01:22:25.160><c> do</c><01:22:25.280><c> compute</c><01:22:25.680><c> in</c><01:22:25.760><c> that</c><01:22:25.920><c> space</c><01:22:26.200><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4946.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you can do compute in that space that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4946.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you can do compute in that space that you<01:22:26.400><c> don't</c><01:22:26.560><c> pay</c><01:22:26.720><c> for</c><01:22:26.960><c> in</c><01:22:27.040><c> this</c><01:22:27.280><c> in</c><01:22:27.440><c> this</c><01:22:27.640><c> space,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4947.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you don't pay for in this in this space,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4947.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you don't pay for in this in this space, so<01:22:28.040><c> to</c><01:22:28.120><c> speak.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4949.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so to speak."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4949.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so to speak. So,<01:22:29.800><c> that's</c><01:22:30.280><c> you</c><01:22:30.400><c> know.</c><01:22:31.080><c> I've</c><01:22:31.201><c> [snorts]</c><01:22:31.240><c> been</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4951.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's you know. I've [snorts] been"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4951.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, that's you know. I've [snorts] been listening<01:22:31.880><c> to</c><01:22:32.240><c> a</c><01:22:32.280><c> lot</c><01:22:32.520><c> of</c><01:22:32.600><c> your</c><01:22:32.760><c> podcasts</c><01:22:33.280><c> on</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4953.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "listening to a lot of your podcasts on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4953.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "listening to a lot of your podcasts on this<01:22:33.640><c> and</c><01:22:33.880><c> thinking</c><01:22:34.200><c> about</c><01:22:34.520><c> it</c><01:22:34.680><c> and</c><01:22:34.960><c> and</c><01:22:35.840><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4955.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this and thinking about it and and I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4955.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this and thinking about it and and I think<01:22:36.200><c> that</c><01:22:36.880><c> there's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4958.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think that there's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4958.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think that there's connection<01:22:39.000><c> with</c><01:22:39.320><c> the</c><01:22:39.680><c> hidden</c><01:22:40.040><c> states</c><01:22:40.760><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4960.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "connection with the hidden states in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4960.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "connection with the hidden states in this<01:22:41.640><c> Markov</c><01:22:42.040><c> system.</c><01:22:42.520><c> So,</c><01:22:42.760><c> that</c><01:22:43.240><c> when</c><01:22:43.440><c> you</c><01:22:43.800><c> if</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4963.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this Markov system. So, that when you if"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4963.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this Markov system. So, that when you if we<01:22:44.080><c> just</c><01:22:44.280><c> see</c><01:22:44.400><c> a</c><01:22:44.440><c> trace,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4966.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we just see a trace,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4966.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we just see a trace, most<01:22:46.640><c> of</c><01:22:46.760><c> the</c><01:22:47.480><c> intelligence</c><01:22:48.800><c> is</c><01:22:49.040><c> something</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4969.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "most of the intelligence is something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4969.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "most of the intelligence is something you<01:22:49.480><c> don't</c><01:22:49.720><c> see.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4971.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you don't see."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4971.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you don't see. And<01:22:51.360><c> so,</c><01:22:51.520><c> to</c><01:22:51.680><c> the</c><01:22:51.800><c> trace</c><01:22:52.320><c> observer,</c><01:22:53.480><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4973.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And so, to the trace observer, that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4973.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And so, to the trace observer, that's all<01:22:54.080><c> in</c><01:22:54.240><c> a</c><01:22:54.400><c> Platonic</c><01:22:55.120><c> realm</c><01:22:55.520><c> because</c><01:22:55.960><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4976.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all in a Platonic realm because you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4976.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all in a Platonic realm because you don't<01:22:56.760><c> you</c><01:22:57.000><c> literally</c><01:22:57.520><c> cannot</c><01:22:57.880><c> see</c><01:22:58.040><c> it.</c><01:22:58.160><c> And</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4978.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "don't you literally cannot see it. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4978.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "don't you literally cannot see it. And yet"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4979.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "yet"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4979.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "yet what<01:22:59.960><c> you're</c><01:23:00.120><c> seeing</c><01:23:00.720><c> is</c><01:23:01.440><c> entirely</c><01:23:02.200><c> a</c><01:23:02.280><c> trace</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4982.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what you're seeing is entirely a trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4982.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what you're seeing is entirely a trace of<01:23:02.960><c> that</c><01:23:03.200><c> world.</c><01:23:03.600><c> So,</c><01:23:03.800><c> your</c><01:23:04.560><c> your</c><01:23:04.920><c> visible</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4985.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of that world. So, your your visible"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4985.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of that world. So, your your visible world<01:23:06.440><c> is</c><01:23:07.040><c> controlled</c><01:23:07.880><c> by</c><01:23:08.120><c> this</c><01:23:08.560><c> quote</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4988.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "world is controlled by this quote"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4988.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "world is controlled by this quote unquote<01:23:09.040><c> Platonic</c><01:23:09.480><c> space</c><01:23:09.760><c> that</c><01:23:09.960><c> you</c><01:23:10.080><c> cannot</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4990.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unquote Platonic space that you cannot"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4990.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "unquote Platonic space that you cannot see."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4991.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "see."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4991.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "see. And<01:23:11.800><c> so,</c><01:23:11.960><c> that's</c><01:23:12.200><c> why</c><01:23:12.320><c> I</c><01:23:12.360><c> was</c><01:23:12.480><c> thinking</c><01:23:13.040><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4993.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And so, that's why I was thinking that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4993.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And so, that's why I was thinking that's what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4994.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4994.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what your<01:23:14.560><c> stuff</c><01:23:14.840><c> about</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4995.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "your stuff about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4995.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "your stuff about the<01:23:15.960><c> planaria,</c><01:23:16.520><c> for</c><01:23:16.680><c> example.</c><01:23:17.400><c> You</c><01:23:17.520><c> cut</c><01:23:17.800><c> off</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4998.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the planaria, for example. You cut off"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4998.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the planaria, for example. You cut off the<01:23:18.400><c> head</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4999.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the head"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4999.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the head and<01:23:19.800><c> cut</c><01:23:20.040><c> off</c><01:23:20.200><c> the</c><01:23:20.320><c> tail</c><01:23:20.640><c> and</c><01:23:20.720><c> you</c><01:23:20.800><c> can</c><01:23:20.960><c> change</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5001.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and cut off the tail and you can change"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5001.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and cut off the tail and you can change the<01:23:22.000><c> the</c><01:23:22.840><c> electric</c><01:23:23.240><c> fields</c><01:23:23.680><c> and</c><01:23:23.840><c> and</c><01:23:24.080><c> make</c><01:23:24.240><c> it</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5004.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the electric fields and and make it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5004.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the electric fields and and make it have<01:23:24.480><c> two</c><01:23:24.640><c> heads</c><01:23:24.960><c> and</c><01:23:25.120><c> so</c><01:23:25.320><c> forth.</c><01:23:25.600><c> I</c><01:23:25.640><c> mean,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5005.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have two heads and so forth. I mean,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5005.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "have two heads and so forth. I mean, it's<01:23:25.920><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5006.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5006.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's just you<01:23:26.960><c> know,</c><01:23:27.040><c> how</c><01:23:27.200><c> does</c><01:23:27.360><c> it</c><01:23:27.440><c> know</c><01:23:27.800><c> how</c><01:23:27.960><c> to</c><01:23:28.120><c> do</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5008.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, how does it know how to do"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5008.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, how does it know how to do that?<01:23:29.120><c> Right,</c><01:23:29.320><c> where</c><01:23:29.480><c> is</c><01:23:29.560><c> that</c><01:23:29.680><c> state?</c><01:23:29.960><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5010.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that? Right, where is that state? So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5010.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that? Right, where is that state? So, I've<01:23:30.520><c> I've</c><01:23:30.640><c> been</c><01:23:30.800><c> thinking</c><01:23:31.360><c> so,</c><01:23:31.480><c> if</c><01:23:31.600><c> somehow</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5012.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I've I've been thinking so, if somehow"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5012.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I've I've been thinking so, if somehow all<01:23:32.640><c> we're</c><01:23:32.800><c> seeing</c><01:23:33.400><c> is</c><01:23:34.040><c> the</c><01:23:34.160><c> planaria</c><01:23:34.600><c> in</c><01:23:34.720><c> our</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5014.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all we're seeing is the planaria in our"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5014.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "all we're seeing is the planaria in our trace,<01:23:35.520><c> we're</c><01:23:35.640><c> not</c><01:23:35.920><c> seeing</c><01:23:36.720><c> beyond</c><01:23:37.200><c> what</c><01:23:37.360><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5017.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace, we're not seeing beyond what we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5017.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace, we're not seeing beyond what we can<01:23:37.640><c> see.</c><01:23:38.040><c> There's</c><01:23:38.560><c> a</c><01:23:38.680><c> whole</c><01:23:39.360><c> Markov</c><01:23:39.880><c> realm</c><01:23:40.240><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5020.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can see. There's a whole Markov realm of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5020.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can see. There's a whole Markov realm of of<01:23:40.720><c> intelligence</c><01:23:41.400><c> out</c><01:23:41.640><c> there</c><01:23:42.240><c> that</c><01:23:42.440><c> is</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5022.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of intelligence out there that is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5022.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of intelligence out there that is projecting<01:23:43.120><c> down</c><01:23:43.360><c> into</c><01:23:43.720><c> what</c><01:23:43.960><c> we</c><01:23:44.200><c> can</c><01:23:44.400><c> see.</c><01:23:45.360><c> Um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5025.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "projecting down into what we can see. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5025.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "projecting down into what we can see. Um which<01:23:45.960><c> is</c><01:23:46.080><c> just</c><01:23:46.320><c> a</c><01:23:46.400><c> planarian,</c><01:23:46.920><c> but</c><01:23:47.480><c> so</c><01:23:47.760><c> I'm</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5028.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which is just a planarian, but so I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5028.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which is just a planarian, but so I'm really"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5029.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "really"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5029.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "really really<01:23:49.720><c> left</c><01:23:49.960><c> to</c><01:23:50.040><c> explore</c><01:23:50.480><c> with</c><01:23:50.640><c> you</c><01:23:50.720><c> guys</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5031.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "really left to explore with you guys"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5031.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "really left to explore with you guys you<01:23:51.680><c> know,</c><01:23:51.880><c> as</c><01:23:52.080><c> this</c><01:23:52.640><c> formalism</c><01:23:53.680><c> matures,</c><01:23:54.720><c> how</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5034.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, as this formalism matures, how"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5034.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, as this formalism matures, how we<01:23:54.960><c> might</c><01:23:55.160><c> use</c><01:23:55.440><c> the</c><01:23:55.520><c> formalism</c><01:23:56.040><c> in</c><01:23:56.160><c> concrete</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5036.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we might use the formalism in concrete"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5036.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we might use the formalism in concrete ways<01:23:57.280><c> to</c><01:23:57.480><c> model</c><01:23:57.880><c> specific</c><01:23:58.600><c> Platonic</c><01:23:59.160><c> spaces</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5039.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ways to model specific Platonic spaces"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5040.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "ways to model specific Platonic spaces for<01:24:00.320><c> specific</c><01:24:01.320><c> memories</c><01:24:02.240><c> biological</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5042.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for specific memories biological"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5042.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "for specific memories biological memories.<01:24:03.520><c> Cuz</c><01:24:03.680><c> I</c><01:24:03.880><c> think</c><01:24:04.160><c> this</c><01:24:04.360><c> gives</c><01:24:04.640><c> us</c><01:24:04.840><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5045.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "memories. Cuz I think this gives us the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5045.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "memories. Cuz I think this gives us the tools,<01:24:05.920><c> right?</c><01:24:06.080><c> The</c><01:24:06.360><c> there</c><01:24:06.520><c> are</c><01:24:06.600><c> the</c><01:24:06.840><c> exits,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5048.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "tools, right? The there are the exits,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5048.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "tools, right? The there are the exits, the<01:24:08.480><c> the</c><01:24:08.640><c> dark</c><01:24:09.000><c> states,</c><01:24:09.640><c> and</c><01:24:09.880><c> the</c><01:24:10.080><c> entrances.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5050.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the dark states, and the entrances."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5050.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the dark states, and the entrances. All<01:24:11.440><c> those</c><01:24:11.840><c> tools</c><01:24:12.760><c> are</c><01:24:12.960><c> part</c><01:24:13.200><c> of</c><01:24:13.280><c> the</c><01:24:13.360><c> Platonic</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5053.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "All those tools are part of the Platonic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5053.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "All those tools are part of the Platonic space.<01:24:14.960><c> And</c><01:24:15.040><c> if</c><01:24:15.120><c> we</c><01:24:15.240><c> learn</c><01:24:15.560><c> so,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5056.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space. And if we learn so,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5056.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "space. And if we learn so, we're<01:24:16.760><c> new</c><01:24:16.920><c> to</c><01:24:17.000><c> this</c><01:24:17.160><c> ourselves,</c><01:24:17.600><c> right?</c><01:24:17.800><c> We</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5057.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we're new to this ourselves, right? We"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5057.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we're new to this ourselves, right? We don't<01:24:18.080><c> know</c><01:24:18.160><c> how</c><01:24:18.240><c> to</c><01:24:18.320><c> use</c><01:24:18.520><c> those</c><01:24:18.720><c> tools</c><01:24:18.960><c> yet,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5059.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "don't know how to use those tools yet,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5059.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "don't know how to use those tools yet, but<01:24:19.680><c> to</c><01:24:19.800><c> learn</c><01:24:20.080><c> how</c><01:24:20.160><c> to</c><01:24:20.280><c> use</c><01:24:20.600><c> those</c><01:24:20.880><c> tools</c><01:24:21.320><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5061.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but to learn how to use those tools to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5061.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but to learn how to use those tools to model<01:24:21.800><c> specific</c><01:24:22.400><c> things,</c><01:24:23.120><c> we</c><01:24:23.280><c> be</c><01:24:23.480><c> able</c><01:24:23.640><c> might</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5063.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "model specific things, we be able might"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5063.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "model specific things, we be able might be<01:24:23.960><c> able</c><01:24:24.080><c> to</c><01:24:24.160><c> get</c><01:24:24.320><c> that</c><01:24:24.480><c> Platonic</c><01:24:24.880><c> space</c><01:24:25.520><c> not</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5065.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be able to get that Platonic space not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5065.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "be able to get that Platonic space not just<01:24:25.880><c> a</c><01:24:25.960><c> hand</c><01:24:26.280><c> wave,</c><01:24:26.520><c> but</c><01:24:26.680><c> here</c><01:24:26.920><c> is</c><01:24:27.080><c> the</c><01:24:27.160><c> Markov</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5067.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just a hand wave, but here is the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5067.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "just a hand wave, but here is the Markov chain,<01:24:27.840><c> here's</c><01:24:28.120><c> the</c><01:24:28.240><c> trace,</c><01:24:28.760><c> and</c><01:24:28.880><c> this</c><01:24:29.000><c> is</c><01:24:29.120><c> why</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5069.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chain, here's the trace, and this is why"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5069.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "chain, here's the trace, and this is why it<01:24:29.360><c> looks</c><01:24:29.640><c> like</c><01:24:29.880><c> this</c><01:24:30.040><c> Platonic</c><01:24:30.680><c> intelligence</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5071.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it looks like this Platonic intelligence"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5071.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it looks like this Platonic intelligence that's<01:24:31.520><c> guiding</c><01:24:31.920><c> you.</c><01:24:32.360><c> But</c><01:24:32.480><c> it</c><01:24:32.560><c> would</c><01:24:32.680><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5072.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's guiding you. But it would be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5072.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that's guiding you. But it would be multi-scale."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5074.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "multi-scale."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5074.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "multi-scale. Right?<01:24:34.680><c> The</c><01:24:34.960><c> there's</c><01:24:35.160><c> going</c><01:24:35.280><c> to</c><01:24:35.320><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5075.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right? The there's going to be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5075.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Right? The there's going to be multi-scale<01:24:36.440><c> in</c><01:24:36.600><c> the</c><01:24:36.720><c> dark</c><01:24:37.040><c> space.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5078.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "multi-scale in the dark space."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5078.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "multi-scale in the dark space. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5079.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5079.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um Well,<01:24:39.480><c> you</c><01:24:39.560><c> know</c><01:24:39.680><c> what</c><01:24:39.840><c> might</c><01:24:40.000><c> be</c><01:24:40.120><c> really</c><01:24:40.440><c> fun</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5080.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, you know what might be really fun"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5080.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Well, you know what might be really fun is<01:24:41.480><c> so</c><01:24:41.680><c> so</c><01:24:41.840><c> definitely</c><01:24:42.400><c> we</c><01:24:42.520><c> should</c><01:24:42.760><c> we</c><01:24:42.880><c> should</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5083.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is so so definitely we should we should"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5083.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is so so definitely we should we should do<01:24:43.160><c> that</c><01:24:43.360><c> with</c><01:24:43.480><c> some</c><01:24:43.600><c> of</c><01:24:43.680><c> the</c><01:24:43.720><c> biology</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5084.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "do that with some of the biology"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5084.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "do that with some of the biology examples<01:24:44.920><c> that</c><01:24:45.080><c> we</c><01:24:45.200><c> have.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5085.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "examples that we have."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5086.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "examples that we have. Um<01:24:46.720><c> in</c><01:24:46.880><c> particular,</c><01:24:47.920><c> for</c><01:24:48.080><c> example,</c><01:24:48.440><c> with</c><01:24:48.560><c> some</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5088.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um in particular, for example, with some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5088.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um in particular, for example, with some of<01:24:48.760><c> the</c><01:24:48.840><c> synthetic</c><01:24:49.680><c> things</c><01:24:49.920><c> that</c><01:24:50.040><c> we</c><01:24:50.120><c> have</c><01:24:50.280><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5090.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the synthetic things that we have so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5090.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the synthetic things that we have so so<01:24:50.680><c> xenobots</c><01:24:51.120><c> and</c><01:24:51.560><c> you</c><01:24:51.680><c> know,</c><01:24:51.880><c> neurobots</c><01:24:52.440><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5093.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so xenobots and you know, neurobots and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5093.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "so xenobots and you know, neurobots and because<01:24:53.880><c> because</c><01:24:54.160><c> they</c><01:24:54.320><c> raise</c><01:24:54.680><c> what</c><01:24:54.800><c> I</c><01:24:54.840><c> think</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5095.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because because they raise what I think"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5095.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "because because they raise what I think is<01:24:55.320><c> is</c><01:24:55.480><c> perhaps</c><01:24:55.760><c> the</c><01:24:55.840><c> most</c><01:24:56.560><c> interesting</c><01:24:57.160><c> part</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5097.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is is perhaps the most interesting part"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5097.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is is perhaps the most interesting part of<01:24:57.440><c> this</c><01:24:57.560><c> is,</c><01:24:58.000><c> you</c><01:24:58.080><c> know,</c><01:24:58.600><c> where</c><01:24:58.880><c> do</c><01:24:59.240><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5100.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of this is, you know, where do the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5100.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of this is, you know, where do the uh<01:25:00.480><c> the</c><01:25:00.560><c> goals</c><01:25:00.840><c> and</c><01:25:00.960><c> properties</c><01:25:01.480><c> of</c><01:25:01.600><c> novel</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5101.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh the goals and properties of novel"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5101.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh the goals and properties of novel beings<01:25:02.240><c> come</c><01:25:02.440><c> from</c><01:25:03.040><c> where</c><01:25:03.320><c> you</c><01:25:03.440><c> can't</c><01:25:03.800><c> just</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5103.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "beings come from where you can't just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5104.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "beings come from where you can't just pin<01:25:04.160><c> it</c><01:25:04.280><c> on</c><01:25:04.400><c> selection,</c><01:25:04.960><c> you</c><01:25:05.040><c> know,</c><01:25:05.160><c> eons</c><01:25:05.520><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5105.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pin it on selection, you know, eons of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5105.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pin it on selection, you know, eons of selection.<01:25:06.120><c> Like</c><01:25:06.280><c> I</c><01:25:06.320><c> guess</c><01:25:06.440><c> where</c><01:25:06.920><c> they</c><01:25:07.040><c> come</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5107.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "selection. Like I guess where they come"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5107.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "selection. Like I guess where they come from.<01:25:07.800><c> So,</c><01:25:08.400><c> but</c><01:25:08.800><c> but</c><01:25:09.200><c> but</c><01:25:09.520><c> in</c><01:25:10.040><c> I</c><01:25:10.120><c> would</c><01:25:10.400><c> I</c><01:25:10.480><c> would</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5110.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from. So, but but but in I would I would"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5110.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "from. So, but but but in I would I would complement<01:25:11.320><c> that</c><01:25:12.000><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5113.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "complement that with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5113.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "complement that with uh<01:25:13.400><c> which</c><01:25:13.560><c> I</c><01:25:13.640><c> think</c><01:25:13.800><c> would</c><01:25:13.920><c> be</c><01:25:14.280><c> even</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5114.29,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh which I think would be even"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5114.3,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh which I think would be even [clears throat]<01:25:14.520><c> easier,</c><01:25:14.920><c> the</c><01:25:15.040><c> study</c><01:25:15.440><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5115.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "[clears throat] easier, the study of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5115.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "[clears throat] easier, the study of basically<01:25:16.160><c> applying</c><01:25:16.520><c> these</c><01:25:16.680><c> things</c><01:25:16.920><c> to</c><01:25:17.040><c> some</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5117.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "basically applying these things to some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5117.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "basically applying these things to some of<01:25:17.280><c> the</c><01:25:17.360><c> minimal</c><01:25:17.680><c> computational</c><01:25:18.280><c> models</c><01:25:18.600><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5118.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the minimal computational models that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5118.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "of the minimal computational models that we<01:25:18.800><c> have.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5119.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we have."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5119.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we have. Yes.<01:25:20.600><c> Right?</c><01:25:20.880><c> We</c><01:25:21.000><c> have</c><01:25:21.120><c> some</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5122.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yes. Right? We have some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5122.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yes. Right? We have some sorting<01:25:23.040><c> is</c><01:25:23.160><c> one</c><01:25:23.400><c> and</c><01:25:23.520><c> there's</c><01:25:23.640><c> going</c><01:25:23.760><c> to</c><01:25:23.840><c> be</c><01:25:23.880><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5123.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sorting is one and there's going to be a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5123.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "sorting is one and there's going to be a bunch<01:25:24.120><c> of</c><01:25:24.200><c> new</c><01:25:24.360><c> work</c><01:25:24.560><c> on</c><01:25:24.680><c> that</c><01:25:24.880><c> coming</c><01:25:25.240><c> soon.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5125.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bunch of new work on that coming soon."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5125.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "bunch of new work on that coming soon. Um<01:25:26.400><c> but</c><01:25:26.480><c> we</c><01:25:26.600><c> have</c><01:25:26.800><c> others.</c><01:25:27.320><c> We</c><01:25:27.480><c> have</c><01:25:27.640><c> some</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5127.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um but we have others. We have some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5127.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Um but we have others. We have some really<01:25:28.120><c> interesting</c><01:25:28.600><c> stuff</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5129.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "really interesting stuff"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5129.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "really interesting stuff uh<01:25:29.880><c> that'll</c><01:25:30.120><c> come</c><01:25:30.280><c> out</c><01:25:30.440><c> soon</c><01:25:30.800><c> on</c><01:25:31.600><c> um</c><01:25:31.840><c> giving</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5132.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh that'll come out soon on um giving"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5132.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh that'll come out soon on um giving embodiments<01:25:32.840><c> to</c><01:25:33.040><c> various</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5134.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "embodiments to various"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5134.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "embodiments to various uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5135.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5135.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "uh very<01:25:35.400><c> weird</c><01:25:36.360><c> um</c><01:25:36.880><c> you</c><01:25:37.000><c> know,</c><01:25:37.680><c> sources</c><01:25:38.200><c> like</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5138.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very weird um you know, sources like"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5138.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very weird um you know, sources like like<01:25:38.760><c> a</c><01:25:38.800><c> mathematical</c><01:25:39.760><c> objects</c><01:25:40.280><c> and</c><01:25:40.680><c> making</c><01:25:41.000><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5141.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like a mathematical objects and making a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5141.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like a mathematical objects and making a robots<01:25:41.480><c> that</c><01:25:41.600><c> are</c><01:25:41.680><c> driven</c><01:25:42.040><c> not</c><01:25:42.200><c> by</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5142.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "robots that are driven not by"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5142.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "robots that are driven not by conventional<01:25:42.880><c> algorithms</c><01:25:43.600><c> and</c><01:25:43.840><c> sensors</c><01:25:44.400><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5144.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conventional algorithms and sensors and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5144.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conventional algorithms and sensors and whatever,<01:25:45.160><c> but</c><01:25:45.400><c> but</c><01:25:45.560><c> their</c><01:25:45.680><c> entire</c><01:25:46.000><c> behavior</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5146.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "whatever, but but their entire behavior"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5146.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "whatever, but but their entire behavior is<01:25:46.560><c> driven</c><01:25:46.920><c> by</c><01:25:47.760><c> uh</c><01:25:47.840><c> pre</c><01:25:48.200><c> you</c><01:25:48.280><c> know,</c><01:25:48.400><c> sort</c><01:25:48.600><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5148.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is driven by uh pre you know, sort of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5148.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is driven by uh pre you know, sort of pre-cooked<01:25:49.840><c> static</c><01:25:50.360><c> mathematical</c><01:25:50.920><c> constants</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5151.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pre-cooked static mathematical constants"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5151.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pre-cooked static mathematical constants and<01:25:51.800><c> watching</c><01:25:52.120><c> how</c><01:25:52.240><c> those</c><01:25:52.520><c> kinds</c><01:25:52.800><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5153.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and watching how those kinds of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5153.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and watching how those kinds of mathematical<01:25:53.840><c> objects</c><01:25:54.200><c> and</c><01:25:54.320><c> watching</c><01:25:54.680><c> how</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5154.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mathematical objects and watching how"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5154.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "mathematical objects and watching how those<01:25:55.200><c> things</c><01:25:56.120><c> end</c><01:25:56.440><c> up</c><01:25:56.600><c> navigating</c><01:25:57.440><c> a</c><01:25:57.520><c> world</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5157.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "those things end up navigating a world"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5157.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "those things end up navigating a world and<01:25:58.040><c> adapt</c><01:25:58.400><c> you</c><01:25:58.520><c> know,</c><01:25:58.640><c> and</c><01:25:58.840><c> and</c><01:25:59.120><c> what</c><01:25:59.320><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5160.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and adapt you know, and and what what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5160.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and adapt you know, and and what what cognitive<01:26:00.800><c> features</c><01:26:01.240><c> they</c><01:26:01.360><c> end</c><01:26:01.480><c> up</c><01:26:01.640><c> having</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5161.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "cognitive features they end up having"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5161.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "cognitive features they end up having and<01:26:02.040><c> so</c><01:26:02.200><c> on.</c><01:26:02.920><c> So,</c><01:26:03.280><c> I</c><01:26:03.440><c> think</c><01:26:03.640><c> those</c><01:26:03.840><c> things</c><01:26:04.080><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5164.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and so on. So, I think those things are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5164.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and so on. So, I think those things are simple<01:26:04.640><c> enough</c><01:26:04.960><c> that</c><01:26:05.080><c> we</c><01:26:05.240><c> could</c><01:26:05.480><c> I</c><01:26:05.560><c> think</c><01:26:05.760><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5165.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "simple enough that we could I think we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5165.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "simple enough that we could I think we could<01:26:06.000><c> actually</c><01:26:06.440><c> we</c><01:26:06.560><c> could</c><01:26:06.680><c> actually</c><01:26:07.320><c> make</c><01:26:07.600><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5167.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could actually we could actually make a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5167.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could actually we could actually make a make<01:26:07.960><c> a</c><01:26:08.200><c> pretty</c><01:26:08.760><c> tight</c><01:26:09.040><c> mapping</c><01:26:09.440><c> onto</c><01:26:09.720><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5170.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "make a pretty tight mapping onto what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5170.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "make a pretty tight mapping onto what onto<01:26:10.280><c> what</c><01:26:10.440><c> you</c><01:26:10.560><c> have</c><01:26:11.040><c> in</c><01:26:11.120><c> terms</c><01:26:11.320><c> of</c><01:26:11.440><c> states</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5171.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "onto what you have in terms of states"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5171.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "onto what you have in terms of states and<01:26:12.160><c> and</c><01:26:12.440><c> and</c><01:26:12.560><c> things</c><01:26:12.760><c> like</c><01:26:12.920><c> that.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5173.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and and and things like that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5173.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and and and things like that. Interesting.<01:26:14.320><c> Interesting.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5176.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Interesting. Interesting."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5176.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Interesting. Interesting. Interesting.<01:26:17.840><c> It</c><01:26:18.000><c> may</c><01:26:18.160><c> be</c><01:26:18.320><c> that</c><01:26:18.440><c> when</c><01:26:18.600><c> you</c><01:26:18.640><c> get</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5178.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Interesting. It may be that when you get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5178.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Interesting. It may be that when you get to<01:26:18.920><c> into</c><01:26:19.200><c> pure</c><01:26:19.600><c> mathematics</c><01:26:20.600><c> and</c><01:26:20.880><c> sort</c><01:26:21.120><c> of</c><01:26:21.280><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5181.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to into pure mathematics and sort of a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5181.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "to into pure mathematics and sort of a hidden<01:26:21.680><c> Platonic</c><01:26:22.200><c> realm</c><01:26:22.440><c> that's</c><01:26:22.640><c> doing</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5182.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hidden Platonic realm that's doing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5182.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "hidden Platonic realm that's doing stuff,<01:26:23.080><c> you</c><01:26:23.120><c> know,</c><01:26:23.200><c> like</c><01:26:23.360><c> sorting</c><01:26:23.680><c> algorithms</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5184.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stuff, you know, like sorting algorithms"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5184.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "stuff, you know, like sorting algorithms that<01:26:24.200><c> are</c><01:26:24.240><c> doing</c><01:26:24.440><c> other</c><01:26:24.600><c> things</c><01:26:24.840><c> you</c><01:26:24.880><c> didn't</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5185.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that are doing other things you didn't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5185.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that are doing other things you didn't expect."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5187.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "expect."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5187.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "expect. I'm<01:26:27.600><c> having</c><01:26:27.800><c> my</c><01:26:27.920><c> mind</c><01:26:28.120><c> stretched</c><01:26:28.440><c> to</c><01:26:28.480><c> think</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5188.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm having my mind stretched to think"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5188.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm having my mind stretched to think about<01:26:28.840><c> how</c><01:26:28.920><c> Markov</c><01:26:29.320><c> chains</c><01:26:29.560><c> could</c><01:26:29.760><c> do</c><01:26:29.920><c> that.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5190.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about how Markov chains could do that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5190.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "about how Markov chains could do that. That<01:26:30.280><c> seems</c><01:26:30.560><c> like</c><01:26:30.760><c> that</c><01:26:30.960><c> might</c><01:26:31.160><c> be</c><01:26:31.280><c> something</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5191.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That seems like that might be something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5191.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "That seems like that might be something even"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5193.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "even"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5193.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "even deeper<01:26:33.360><c> somehow.</c><01:26:34.040><c> Well,</c><01:26:34.440><c> you</c><01:26:34.520><c> know</c><01:26:34.720><c> what</c><01:26:34.920><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5195.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "deeper somehow. Well, you know what we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5195.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "deeper somehow. Well, you know what we could<01:26:35.200><c> that</c><01:26:35.280><c> was</c><01:26:35.400><c> the</c><01:26:35.480><c> other</c><01:26:35.600><c> thing</c><01:26:35.760><c> I</c><01:26:35.800><c> was</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5195.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could that was the other thing I was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5195.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could that was the other thing I was thinking<01:26:36.200><c> what</c><01:26:36.480><c> what</c><01:26:36.680><c> would</c><01:26:37.040><c> what</c><01:26:37.360><c> is</c><01:26:37.560><c> totally</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5198.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thinking what what would what is totally"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5198.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "thinking what what would what is totally doable<01:26:38.840><c> now</c><01:26:39.160><c> is</c><01:26:39.400><c> to</c><01:26:39.920><c> take</c><01:26:40.240><c> your</c><01:26:40.400><c> system</c><01:26:41.000><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5201.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "doable now is to take your system and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5201.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "doable now is to take your system and apply<01:26:42.920><c> the</c><01:26:43.080><c> tests</c><01:26:43.680><c> that</c><01:26:43.920><c> we</c><01:26:44.080><c> have.</c><01:26:44.280><c> So,</c><01:26:44.440><c> we</c><01:26:44.520><c> so</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5204.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "apply the tests that we have. So, we so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5204.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "apply the tests that we have. So, we so we<01:26:44.760><c> have</c><01:26:44.880><c> a</c><01:26:44.960><c> range</c><01:26:45.360><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5207.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we have a range of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5207.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "we have a range of assays<01:26:47.920><c> that</c><01:26:48.040><c> basically</c><01:26:48.440><c> are</c><01:26:48.520><c> taken</c><01:26:48.840><c> right</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5209.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "assays that basically are taken right"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5209.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "assays that basically are taken right out<01:26:49.120><c> of</c><01:26:49.200><c> the</c><01:26:49.240><c> behaviorist</c><01:26:49.760><c> handbook</c><01:26:50.440><c> cuz</c><01:26:50.560><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5210.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "out of the behaviorist handbook cuz the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5210.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "out of the behaviorist handbook cuz the one<01:26:50.800><c> thing</c><01:26:51.000><c> I</c><01:26:51.040><c> think</c><01:26:51.280><c> behaviorists</c><01:26:51.960><c> got</c><01:26:52.160><c> right</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5212.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one thing I think behaviorists got right"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5212.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "one thing I think behaviorists got right is<01:26:52.640><c> that</c><01:26:52.800><c> they</c><01:26:52.920><c> weren't</c><01:26:53.160><c> worried</c><01:26:53.400><c> about</c><01:26:53.720><c> what</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5213.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is that they weren't worried about what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5213.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "is that they weren't worried about what the<01:26:54.520><c> what</c><01:26:54.720><c> the</c><01:26:54.920><c> implementation</c><01:26:55.680><c> was.</c><01:26:55.920><c> And</c><01:26:56.080><c> so,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5216.55,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the what the implementation was. And so,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5216.56,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the what the implementation was. And so, it's<01:26:56.840><c> very</c><01:26:57.080><c> easy</c><01:26:57.320><c> to</c><01:26:57.440><c> apply</c><01:26:58.080><c> their</c><01:26:58.320><c> tools</c><01:26:58.680><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5218.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's very easy to apply their tools to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5219.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's very easy to apply their tools to anything,<01:26:59.600><c> right?</c><01:27:00.400><c> Um</c><01:27:01.040><c> so,</c><01:27:01.600><c> we</c><01:27:01.800><c> could</c><01:27:02.040><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5222.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "anything, right? Um so, we could we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5222.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "anything, right? Um so, we could we could<01:27:02.320><c> actually</c><01:27:02.680><c> look</c><01:27:02.960><c> for</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5223.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could actually look for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5224.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could actually look for habituation,<01:27:04.680><c> sensitization,</c><01:27:05.480><c> associative</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5225.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "habituation, sensitization, associative"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5225.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "habituation, sensitization, associative conditioning,<01:27:06.560><c> delayed</c><01:27:06.880><c> gratification,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5227.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conditioning, delayed gratification,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5227.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "conditioning, delayed gratification, path<01:27:07.960><c> planning,</c><01:27:08.800><c> you</c><01:27:08.920><c> know,</c><01:27:09.280><c> illusion,</c><01:27:09.760><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5229.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "path planning, you know, illusion, you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5229.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "path planning, you know, illusion, you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5230.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5230.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "know, counterfactuals,<01:27:12.000><c> all</c><01:27:12.160><c> this</c><01:27:12.320><c> kind</c><01:27:12.480><c> of</c><01:27:12.560><c> stuff.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5232.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "counterfactuals, all this kind of stuff."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5232.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "counterfactuals, all this kind of stuff. We<01:27:12.800><c> could</c><01:27:13.200><c> we</c><01:27:13.320><c> have</c><01:27:13.640><c> assays</c><01:27:13.960><c> now</c><01:27:14.120><c> that</c><01:27:14.240><c> we</c><01:27:14.320><c> can</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5234.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We could we have assays now that we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5234.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "We could we have assays now that we can look<01:27:14.560><c> for</c><01:27:14.680><c> all</c><01:27:14.800><c> that</c><01:27:14.960><c> stuff.</c><01:27:15.640><c> Yeah.</c><01:27:16.280><c> Well,</c><01:27:16.440><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5236.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "look for all that stuff. Yeah. Well, and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5236.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "look for all that stuff. Yeah. Well, and and<01:27:17.440><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5239.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5239.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and um it's<01:27:19.360><c> clear</c><01:27:19.600><c> to</c><01:27:19.680><c> me</c><01:27:19.760><c> that</c><01:27:20.360><c> we</c><01:27:20.640><c> there's</c><01:27:20.880><c> always</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5241.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's clear to me that we there's always"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5241.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's clear to me that we there's always going<01:27:21.240><c> to</c><01:27:21.320><c> be</c><01:27:21.560><c> Markov</c><01:27:21.920><c> chains</c><01:27:22.120><c> that</c><01:27:22.200><c> we</c><01:27:22.280><c> can</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5242.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "going to be Markov chains that we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5242.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "going to be Markov chains that we can build<01:27:22.600><c> to</c><01:27:22.680><c> do</c><01:27:22.800><c> that.</c><01:27:22.960><c> So,</c><01:27:23.040><c> it'll</c><01:27:23.160><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5244.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "build to do that. So, it'll be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5244.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "build to do that. So, it'll be like<01:27:24.560><c> they're</c><01:27:24.840><c> they're</c><01:27:25.040><c> universal</c><01:27:25.800><c> Turing</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5245.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like they're they're universal Turing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5246.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "like they're they're universal Turing machines."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5247.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "machines."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5247.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "machines. Markov<01:27:27.680><c> chains</c><01:27:27.880><c> are</c><01:27:27.960><c> universal.</c><01:27:28.960><c> Yeah.</c><01:27:29.480><c> I</c><01:27:29.560><c> So,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5249.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains are universal. Yeah. I So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5249.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Markov chains are universal. Yeah. I So, I'm<01:27:29.840><c> not</c><01:27:30.000><c> talking</c><01:27:30.280><c> about</c><01:27:30.480><c> building</c><01:27:30.840><c> ones</c><01:27:31.040><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5251.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm not talking about building ones that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5251.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I'm not talking about building ones that do<01:27:31.400><c> it.</c><01:27:31.760><c> I'm</c><01:27:31.880><c> talking</c><01:27:32.120><c> about</c><01:27:32.360><c> finding</c><01:27:32.800><c> it</c><01:27:32.960><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5253.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "do it. I'm talking about finding it in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5253.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "do it. I'm talking about finding it in in<01:27:33.640><c> simple</c><01:27:34.160><c> or</c><01:27:34.320><c> random</c><01:27:34.680><c> ones</c><01:27:34.880><c> that</c><01:27:35.080><c> you</c><01:27:35.160><c> don't</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5255.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in simple or random ones that you don't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5255.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "in simple or random ones that you don't think<01:27:35.560><c> should</c><01:27:35.680><c> be</c><01:27:35.800><c> doing</c><01:27:36.040><c> it.</c><01:27:36.480><c> That's</c><01:27:36.800><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5257.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think should be doing it. That's that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5257.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "think should be doing it. That's that's the<01:27:37.200><c> trick.</c><01:27:37.920><c> We're</c><01:27:38.160><c> we're</c><01:27:38.440><c> we're</c><01:27:38.640><c> finding</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5259.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the trick. We're we're we're finding"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5259.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the trick. We're we're we're finding this<01:27:39.360><c> we're</c><01:27:39.520><c> finding</c><01:27:39.880><c> these</c><01:27:40.040><c> capacities</c><01:27:41.040><c> in</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5262.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this we're finding these capacities in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5263.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this we're finding these capacities in very<01:27:43.680><c> simple</c><01:27:44.400><c> and</c><01:27:44.840><c> and</c><01:27:45.360><c> no</c><01:27:45.600><c> no</c><01:27:45.800><c> design,</c><01:27:46.320><c> no</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5266.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very simple and and no no design, no"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5266.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "very simple and and no no design, no selection.<01:27:47.240><c> You</c><01:27:47.320><c> know,</c><01:27:47.400><c> you</c><01:27:47.600><c> usually</c><01:27:48.120><c> the</c><01:27:48.600><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5268.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "selection. You know, you usually the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5268.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "selection. You know, you usually the the three<01:27:48.920><c> things</c><01:27:49.160><c> you</c><01:27:49.240><c> think</c><01:27:49.480><c> you</c><01:27:49.560><c> normally</c><01:27:50.040><c> need</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5270.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "three things you think you normally need"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5270.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "three things you think you normally need you<01:27:50.560><c> need</c><01:27:51.160><c> rational</c><01:27:51.640><c> design</c><01:27:52.040><c> by</c><01:27:52.240><c> an</c><01:27:52.480><c> by</c><01:27:52.560><c> an</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5272.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you need rational design by an by an"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5272.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you need rational design by an by an engineer,<01:27:53.480><c> selection</c><01:27:54.200><c> or</c><01:27:54.400><c> you</c><01:27:54.520><c> know,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5274.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "engineer, selection or you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5274.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "engineer, selection or you know, evolution<01:27:55.280><c> or</c><01:27:55.480><c> learning,</c><01:27:55.880><c> right?</c><01:27:56.080><c> Those</c><01:27:56.320><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5276.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "evolution or learning, right? Those are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5276.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "evolution or learning, right? Those are the<01:27:56.480><c> three</c><01:27:56.680><c> things</c><01:27:56.960><c> you</c><01:27:57.040><c> need.</c><01:27:57.280><c> One</c><01:27:57.440><c> of</c><01:27:57.520><c> those</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5277.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the three things you need. One of those"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5277.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the three things you need. One of those three<01:27:57.960><c> things</c><01:27:58.240><c> you</c><01:27:58.320><c> need.</c><01:27:59.000><c> We're</c><01:27:59.240><c> not</c><01:27:59.440><c> doing</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5279.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "three things you need. We're not doing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5279.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "three things you need. We're not doing any<01:27:59.760><c> of</c><01:27:59.840><c> that.</c><01:28:00.240><c> We</c><01:28:00.520><c> we're</c><01:28:00.840><c> we're</c><01:28:01.240><c> we're</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5281.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "any of that. We we're we're we're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5281.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "any of that. We we're we're we're pulling<01:28:01.840><c> it</c><01:28:01.960><c> out</c><01:28:02.120><c> of</c><01:28:02.640><c> you</c><01:28:02.800><c> know,</c><01:28:02.960><c> I</c><01:28:03.000><c> don't</c><01:28:03.120><c> I</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5283.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pulling it out of you know, I don't I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5283.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pulling it out of you know, I don't I don't<01:28:03.280><c> know.</c><01:28:03.400><c> You'll</c><01:28:03.800><c> you'll</c><01:28:04.040><c> judge</c><01:28:04.280><c> for</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5284.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "don't know. You'll you'll judge for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5284.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "don't know. You'll you'll judge for yourself<01:28:04.719><c> where</c><01:28:04.920><c> where</c><01:28:05.120><c> you</c><01:28:05.200><c> think</c><01:28:05.440><c> we're</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5285.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "yourself where where you think we're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5285.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "yourself where where you think we're it's<01:28:06.040><c> coming</c><01:28:06.320><c> from.</c><01:28:06.480><c> But</c><01:28:06.880><c> but</c><01:28:07.120><c> but</c><01:28:07.280><c> I</c><01:28:07.360><c> think</c><01:28:07.560><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5287.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's coming from. But but but I think we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5287.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it's coming from. But but but I think we could<01:28:07.800><c> do</c><01:28:08.000><c> that</c><01:28:08.240><c> with</c><01:28:08.520><c> with</c><01:28:09.240><c> you</c><01:28:09.360><c> know,</c><01:28:09.440><c> random</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5290.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could do that with with you know, random"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5290.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "could do that with with you know, random random"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5291.27,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "random"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5291.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "random matrices<01:28:11.880><c> or</c><01:28:11.960><c> whatever.</c><01:28:12.840><c> That's</c><01:28:13.320><c> that's</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5293.709,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrices or whatever. That's that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5293.719,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "matrices or whatever. That's that's right.<01:28:13.880><c> We</c><01:28:14.000><c> may</c><01:28:14.160><c> be</c><01:28:14.240><c> able</c><01:28:14.360><c> to</c><01:28:14.440><c> find</c><01:28:15.080><c> matrices</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5295.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right. We may be able to find matrices"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5295.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "right. We may be able to find matrices which<01:28:16.240><c> um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5297.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5297.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "which um what<01:28:17.600><c> we're</c><01:28:17.719><c> seeing</c><01:28:17.920><c> in</c><01:28:17.960><c> the</c><01:28:18.080><c> organism</c><01:28:18.560><c> is</c><01:28:18.640><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5298.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what we're seeing in the organism is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5298.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what we're seeing in the organism is the trace,<01:28:19.520><c> but</c><01:28:20.120><c> but</c><01:28:20.600><c> the</c><01:28:20.800><c> invisible</c><01:28:21.280><c> states</c><01:28:21.880><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5302.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace, but but the invisible states are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5302.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace, but but the invisible states are having<01:28:22.600><c> a</c><01:28:22.640><c> lot</c><01:28:22.800><c> of</c><01:28:22.880><c> the</c><01:28:22.960><c> intelligence</c><01:28:23.560><c> that</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5303.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "having a lot of the intelligence that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5303.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "having a lot of the intelligence that that<01:28:24.000><c> leads</c><01:28:24.360><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5305.39,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that leads to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5305.4,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "that leads to what<01:28:25.600><c> you're</c><01:28:25.719><c> seeing.</c><01:28:25.920><c> And</c><01:28:26.080><c> so,</c><01:28:26.240><c> we</c><01:28:26.600><c> write</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5306.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what you're seeing. And so, we write"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5306.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what you're seeing. And so, we write down<01:28:27.440><c> the</c><01:28:27.640><c> the</c><01:28:27.800><c> matrix</c><01:28:28.240><c> that</c><01:28:28.640><c> even</c><01:28:28.880><c> though</c><01:28:29.560><c> the</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5309.709,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "down the the matrix that even though the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5309.719,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "down the the matrix that even though the trace<01:28:30.000><c> you</c><01:28:30.080><c> can't</c><01:28:30.360><c> see</c><01:28:30.600><c> why</c><01:28:30.840><c> it's</c><01:28:31.040><c> doing</c><01:28:31.280><c> that,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5311.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace you can't see why it's doing that,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5311.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "trace you can't see why it's doing that, but<01:28:31.800><c> it</c><01:28:31.920><c> does</c><01:28:32.160><c> it.</c><01:28:32.680><c> But</c><01:28:32.880><c> in</c><01:28:32.960><c> the</c><01:28:33.080><c> big</c><01:28:33.320><c> matrix,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5313.709,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but it does it. But in the big matrix,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5313.719,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "but it does it. But in the big matrix, you<01:28:33.840><c> see</c><01:28:34.040><c> why</c><01:28:34.240><c> it's</c><01:28:34.400><c> doing</c><01:28:34.680><c> it.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5315.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you see why it's doing it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5315.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you see why it's doing it. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5316.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5316.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Yeah.<01:28:37.200><c> I'm</c><01:28:37.400><c> going</c><01:28:37.520><c> to</c><01:28:37.600><c> have</c><01:28:37.760><c> to</c><01:28:38.120><c> jump</c><01:28:38.440><c> off,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5318.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. I'm going to have to jump off,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5318.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. I'm going to have to jump off, guys.<01:28:39.480><c> Great</c><01:28:39.680><c> conversation.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5321.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "guys. Great conversation."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5321.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "guys. Great conversation. Thanks,<01:28:41.360><c> Chris.</c><01:28:41.760><c> Good</c><01:28:41.920><c> Chris,</c><01:28:42.520><c> always</c><01:28:42.719><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5322.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Thanks, Chris. Good Chris, always a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5322.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Thanks, Chris. Good Chris, always a pleasure.<01:28:43.320><c> Yeah.</c><01:28:44.000><c> See</c><01:28:44.200><c> you.</c><01:28:44.640><c> Yeah.</c><01:28:44.920><c> Thanks,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5325.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pleasure. Yeah. See you. Yeah. Thanks,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5325.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "pleasure. Yeah. See you. Yeah. Thanks, Chris."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5325.95,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Chris."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5325.96,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Chris. Good<01:28:46.160><c> to</c><01:28:46.280><c> see</c><01:28:46.480><c> you,</c><01:28:46.680><c> Chris.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5331.28,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I<01:28:51.680><c> we</c><01:28:51.800><c> we</c><01:28:52.040><c> have</c><01:28:52.240><c> the</c><01:28:52.320><c> recording</c><01:28:52.880><c> of</c><01:28:53.000><c> this.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5333.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I we we have the recording of this."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5333.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I we we have the recording of this. Uh<01:28:54.040><c> yes.</c><01:28:54.520><c> Yes,</c><01:28:54.840><c> it</c><01:28:54.960><c> is</c><01:28:55.080><c> being</c><01:28:55.240><c> recorded.</c><01:28:55.640><c> Yep,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5335.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Uh yes. Yes, it is being recorded. Yep,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5335.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Uh yes. Yes, it is being recorded. Yep, I<01:28:55.960><c> will</c><01:28:56.520><c> I'll</c><01:28:56.600><c> send</c><01:28:56.800><c> you</c><01:28:56.880><c> guys</c><01:28:57.080><c> a</c><01:28:57.120><c> link.</c><01:28:57.719><c> Yeah,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5337.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I will I'll send you guys a link. Yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5337.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I will I'll send you guys a link. Yeah, if<01:28:58.040><c> if</c><01:28:58.240><c> everybody's</c><01:28:58.640><c> okay</c><01:28:58.840><c> with</c><01:28:59.000><c> that,</c><01:28:59.120><c> I'll</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5339.19,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if if everybody's okay with that, I'll"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5339.2,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "if if everybody's okay with that, I'll put<01:28:59.360><c> it</c><01:28:59.440><c> up</c><01:28:59.560><c> on</c><01:28:59.680><c> our</c><01:28:59.760><c> center</c><01:29:00.080><c> channel,</c><01:29:00.360><c> but</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5340.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "put it up on our center channel, but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5340.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "put it up on our center channel, but regardless,<01:29:01.000><c> you</c><01:29:01.200><c> you</c><01:29:01.280><c> can</c><01:29:01.440><c> all</c><01:29:01.560><c> have</c><01:29:01.719><c> a</c><01:29:01.760><c> copy</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5341.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "regardless, you you can all have a copy"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5342.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "regardless, you you can all have a copy you<01:29:02.080><c> can</c><01:29:02.200><c> have</c><01:29:02.320><c> a</c><01:29:02.360><c> copy</c><01:29:02.600><c> of</c><01:29:02.680><c> it.</c><01:29:03.040><c> That's</c><01:29:03.280><c> fine</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5343.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you can have a copy of it. That's fine"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5343.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you can have a copy of it. That's fine with<01:29:03.640><c> me.</c><01:29:04.040><c> Yeah.</c><01:29:04.719><c> Great.</c><01:29:05.000><c> Perfectly</c><01:29:05.360><c> fine.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5346.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with me. Yeah. Great. Perfectly fine."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5346.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "with me. Yeah. Great. Perfectly fine. Great.<01:29:06.560><c> Yeah.</c><01:29:07.000><c> Yeah,</c><01:29:07.120><c> I</c><01:29:07.200><c> think</c><01:29:07.360><c> there's</c><01:29:07.560><c> yeah,</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5347.709,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Great. Yeah. Yeah, I think there's yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5347.719,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Great. Yeah. Yeah, I think there's yeah, I<01:29:07.760><c> think</c><01:29:07.920><c> there's</c><01:29:08.120><c> a</c><01:29:08.160><c> ton</c><01:29:08.400><c> of</c><01:29:08.480><c> stuff</c><01:29:08.719><c> to</c><01:29:08.800><c> do.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5348.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I think there's a ton of stuff to do."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5348.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I think there's a ton of stuff to do. So,<01:29:09.080><c> why</c><01:29:09.200><c> don't</c><01:29:09.360><c> we,</c><01:29:09.840><c> you</c><01:29:09.920><c> know,</c><01:29:10.040><c> go</c><01:29:10.200><c> off</c><01:29:10.400><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5350.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, why don't we, you know, go off and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5350.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "So, why don't we, you know, go off and and<01:29:11.160><c> think</c><01:29:11.320><c> about</c><01:29:11.520><c> some</c><01:29:11.880><c> some</c><01:29:12.080><c> specific</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5352.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and think about some some specific"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5352.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "and think about some some specific directions<01:29:13.000><c> and</c><01:29:13.120><c> let's</c><01:29:13.400><c> let's</c><01:29:13.640><c> come</c><01:29:13.800><c> back.</c><01:29:14.719><c> Um</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5354.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "directions and let's let's come back. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5354.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "directions and let's let's come back. Um I<01:29:15.040><c> I</c><01:29:15.120><c> already</c><01:29:15.400><c> have</c><01:29:15.560><c> some</c><01:29:15.719><c> thoughts,</c><01:29:15.960><c> but</c><01:29:16.240><c> but</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5356.51,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I I already have some thoughts, but but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5356.52,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "I I already have some thoughts, but but it'll<01:29:16.760><c> be</c><01:29:17.000><c> even</c><01:29:17.640><c> there'll</c><01:29:17.840><c> be</c><01:29:18.080><c> lots</c><01:29:18.400><c> more</c><01:29:18.800><c> in</c><01:29:18.960><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5359.03,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it'll be even there'll be lots more in a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5359.04,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it'll be even there'll be lots more in a few<01:29:19.280><c> weeks</c><01:29:19.640><c> when</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5360.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "few weeks when"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5360.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "few weeks when you<01:29:20.560><c> know,</c><01:29:21.040><c> when</c><01:29:21.160><c> I</c><01:29:21.200><c> can</c><01:29:21.360><c> send</c><01:29:21.520><c> around</c><01:29:21.760><c> some</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5361.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, when I can send around some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5361.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "you know, when I can send around some preprints.<01:29:22.280><c> I'm</c><01:29:22.360><c> having</c><01:29:22.640><c> my</c><01:29:23.000><c> my</c><01:29:23.120><c> students</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5364.11,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "preprints. I'm having my my students"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5364.12,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "preprints. I'm having my my students write<01:29:24.320><c> these</c><01:29:24.480><c> things</c><01:29:24.720><c> up</c><01:29:24.920><c> and</c><01:29:25.080><c> so</c><01:29:25.240><c> then</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5366.15,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "write these things up and so then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5366.16,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "write these things up and so then Yeah.<01:29:26.840><c> I'll</c><01:29:26.960><c> send</c><01:29:27.120><c> them</c><01:29:27.200><c> out.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5367.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. I'll send them out."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5367.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. I'll send them out. &gt;&gt; Very<01:29:27.400><c> good.</c><01:29:27.560><c> And</c><01:29:27.640><c> if</c><01:29:27.720><c> we</c><01:29:27.840><c> maybe</c><01:29:28.160><c> then</c><01:29:28.440><c> pick</c><01:29:28.720><c> a</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5368.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Very good. And if we maybe then pick a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5368.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Very good. And if we maybe then pick a particular<01:29:29.400><c> simple</c><01:29:29.720><c> problem</c><01:29:30.080><c> system</c><01:29:30.480><c> that</c><01:29:30.600><c> we</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5370.67,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "particular simple problem system that we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5370.68,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "particular simple problem system that we can<01:29:30.800><c> see</c><01:29:31.040><c> what</c><01:29:31.800><c> the</c><01:29:31.920><c> trace</c><01:29:32.160><c> logic</c><01:29:32.440><c> might</c><01:29:32.640><c> do</c><01:29:32.840><c> on</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5372.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can see what the trace logic might do on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5373.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "can see what the trace logic might do on it<01:29:33.200><c> and</c><01:29:33.600><c> see</c><01:29:33.840><c> where</c><01:29:34.000><c> we</c><01:29:34.120><c> go</c><01:29:34.280><c> from</c><01:29:34.400><c> there.</c><01:29:34.720><c> That</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5374.83,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it and see where we go from there. That"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5374.84,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "it and see where we go from there. That would<01:29:34.920><c> be</c><01:29:35.040><c> fun.</c><01:29:35.880><c> Yeah,</c><01:29:36.040><c> yeah,</c><01:29:36.200><c> that'd</c><01:29:36.320><c> be</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5376.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "would be fun. Yeah, yeah, that'd be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5376.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "would be fun. Yeah, yeah, that'd be great."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5377.47,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "great."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5377.48,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "great. And<01:29:37.680><c> I</c><01:29:37.720><c> think</c><01:29:37.880><c> a</c><01:29:37.920><c> natural</c><01:29:38.600><c> extension</c><01:29:39.160><c> of</c><01:29:39.320><c> of</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5379.79,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And I think a natural extension of of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5379.8,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "And I think a natural extension of of our<01:29:40.160><c> our</c><01:29:40.400><c> formalism</c><01:29:41.040><c> like</c><01:29:41.240><c> after</c><01:29:41.520><c> we</c><01:29:42.000><c> we</c><01:29:42.120><c> do</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5382.23,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "our our formalism like after we we do"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5382.24,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "our our formalism like after we we do the<01:29:42.480><c> the</c><01:29:42.600><c> FEP</c><01:29:42.960><c> thing</c><01:29:43.320><c> is</c><01:29:43.920><c> basically</c><01:29:44.320><c> try</c><01:29:44.600><c> to</c><01:29:45.200><c> to</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5385.31,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the FEP thing is basically try to to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5385.32,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the the FEP thing is basically try to to apply<01:29:45.760><c> all</c><01:29:46.440><c> all</c><01:29:46.640><c> this</c><01:29:46.800><c> stuff</c><01:29:47.400><c> to</c><01:29:47.480><c> it</c><01:29:47.640><c> and</c><01:29:47.840><c> and</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5387.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "apply all all this stuff to it and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5388.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "apply all all this stuff to it and and see<01:29:48.200><c> how</c><01:29:48.360><c> how</c><01:29:48.480><c> you</c><01:29:48.600><c> can</c><01:29:48.760><c> get</c><01:29:48.920><c> even</c><01:29:49.200><c> deeper</c><01:29:49.520><c> more</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5389.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "see how how you can get even deeper more"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5389.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "see how how you can get even deeper more interesting<01:29:50.640><c> things</c><01:29:50.880><c> you</c><01:29:50.960><c> can</c><01:29:51.120><c> say</c><01:29:51.360><c> about</c><01:29:51.680><c> all</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5391.99,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interesting things you can say about all"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5392.0,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "interesting things you can say about all this<01:29:52.840><c> computing</c><01:29:53.800><c> intelligence</c><01:29:54.360><c> across</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5394.71,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this computing intelligence across"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5394.72,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "this computing intelligence across scales<01:29:55.200><c> in</c><01:29:55.600><c> more</c><01:29:55.840><c> fine-grained</c><01:29:56.360><c> manner</c><01:29:56.600><c> than</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5396.75,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scales in more fine-grained manner than"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5396.76,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "scales in more fine-grained manner than even<01:29:56.960><c> the</c><01:29:57.160><c> FEP</c><01:29:57.480><c> allows.</c><01:29:58.400><c> Yeah.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5398.91,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "even the FEP allows. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5398.92,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "even the FEP allows. Yeah. &gt;&gt; Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5399.43,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5399.44,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah. Yeah.<01:29:59.880><c> I</c><01:29:59.960><c> think</c><01:30:00.200><c> I</c><01:30:00.240><c> think</c><01:30:00.520><c> As</c><01:30:00.600><c> we</c><01:30:00.720><c> bring</c><01:30:00.960><c> you</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5401.07,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. I think I think As we bring you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5401.08,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. I think I think As we bring you the<01:30:01.160><c> paper,</c><01:30:01.520><c> I</c><01:30:01.560><c> would</c><01:30:01.840><c> I</c><01:30:01.880><c> agree</c><01:30:02.200><c> that</c><01:30:02.400><c> this</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5402.59,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the paper, I would I agree that this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5402.6,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "the paper, I would I agree that this seemed<01:30:02.800><c> to</c><01:30:02.880><c> be</c><01:30:03.000><c> a</c><01:30:03.080><c> natural</c><01:30:03.600><c> connection</c><01:30:04.120><c> with</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5404.35,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "seemed to be a natural connection with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5404.36,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "seemed to be a natural connection with what<01:30:04.520><c> you're</c><01:30:05.040><c> the</c><01:30:05.200><c> project</c><01:30:05.600><c> you</c><01:30:05.640><c> guys</c><01:30:05.840><c> are</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5405.87,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what you're the project you guys are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5405.88,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "what you're the project you guys are doing<01:30:06.120><c> right</c><01:30:06.320><c> now.</c><01:30:06.960><c> Absolutely.</c><01:30:07.400><c> Yeah.</c><01:30:07.680><c> Yeah.</c>"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5408.63,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "doing right now. Absolutely. Yeah. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5408.64,
+      "duration": 0.0,
+      "text": "doing right now. Absolutely. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.<01:30:09.000><c> Good.</c>"
+    }
+  ],
+  "plain": "Okay, so multi-scale logic of collective\nintelligence\nand it's what we call the the recursive\ntrace logic. So, we've had the trace\nlogic for couple years, but in the last\ncouple months discovered a a recursive\naspect to it that will lead into the\nnotion of agency that's that's novel.\nSo, this is\nthis is different Chris than the\nconscious agent theory. It's a different\nnotion of agency that we've had before.\nUm\nSo, the big topics I'd like to\nCan you guys see me?\nYeah.\nOkay.\nSo, so I'm going to talk a little bit\nabout um\ncollective intelligence, our our model\nof collective intelligence, how it\ninvolves coarse graining, which is\nimportant to you guys,\nhow it involves generative models,\nminimizing surprise automatically,\nbending problem spaces,\na recursive notion of agency and self,\na new intelligence metric for for agents\nwe'll call lambda sub two and and its\nrelationship to your measure K,\nand then um\nhow this is all beyond space-time and\nand quantum theory and I'll start there\njust briefly about why I'm thinking\nentirely outside of space-time and\nquantum theory.\nThe idea is that high energy theoretical\nphysicists have\nare done with space-time. They say it's\nnot fundamental. So, here's Nima\nArkani-Hamed at the Institute for\nAdvanced Study.\nSpace-time is doomed. There's no such\nthing as space-time fundamentally in the\nactual underlying description of the\nlaws of physics.\nAnd he's he makes it very very clear\nthat he's saying you know, space-time\nand anything inside space-time and that\nincludes anything with unitary\nevolution. He quantum theory in\nparticular. So, he's going beyond\nspace-time and quantum theory.\nAnd it's\nit's not just him. It's because of his\nsuccess and and his collaborators the\nERC has funded a 10 million euro\ninitiative called Universe Plus and it's\nall about going entirely beyond\nspace-time and entirely beyond quantum\ntheory. Looking for what they're calling\npositive geometries. And so, there's\nover a hundred\nhigh energy theoretical physicists and\nmathematicians now working on this and\nthey're finding stuff and I can talk a\nlittle bit about how it's related to\nwhat we're finding, but they're finding\nthese positive geometries that give you\nscattering amplitudes\nwithout any quantum theory whatsoever.\nAnd you and you get it much more easily\nthan\nand more simply than with quantum\ntheory. So, it's it's really quite quite\nstriking. So, so I'm stepping entirely\noutside of space-time. Yeah. Sorry, just\na quick question.\nMaybe maybe naive, but this I just want\nto understand this this idea of\nspace-time being doomed. So, on on that\nview if that were correct, what is the\nstatus of let's say general relativity?\nWhat what does it refer to you know, is\nit completely to be supplanted like what\nwhat what is that theory about then if\nRight. So, the idea is that the very\nnotions of space and time, even the\ncombination\nof them as space-time is not fundamental\nat all. So, general relativity will go\nthe way of all theories. It will be a\nyou know, like Newton we still use\nNewton for certain cases. We'll still\nuse GR for certain cases, but we needed\nmuch a much deeper theory. Got it. The\nthe the hard fact is that\nwhen you bring together GR and quantum\ntheory,\nyou find that space-time has no\noperational meaning\nat the Planck scale. 10 to the minus 33\ncentimeters, 10 to the minus 43 seconds.\nIt simply has no operational meaning.\nSo, that that means we have to find a\ndeeper foundation. So, these are only at\nbest approximation theories.\nSo, so Don just just to be clear in the\nin the obviously content vein in which I\nI know much of your your your theories,\nthis is not only dynamiting the\nspace-time at the empirical level. It's\nalso\nejecting it from any transcendental\nstyle considerations. It's it\nit is just a a\nuntil until we have something better is\njust the the placeholder, but it will it\nwill die as a concept in our economy of\nthinking even about our experience, let\nalone the empirical physical world.\nAbsolutely. That's that's the idea that\nwe thought space and time were the\nfundamental nature of reality.\nWe might have even [clears throat]\nthought they were a priori true or\nsomething, but but that's just wrong.\nAll right. That's just plain wrong.\nAnd science has a way of forcing us.\nYeah, if I could jump in here just to\nadd one comment.\nif one formulates\nuh\nbasic ideas of quantum theory outside\nspace-time completely,\nthen there many routes to\nwhich are under study by huge numbers of\npeople again Sure.\nfor generating space-time\nas a consequence\nof\num\nbasically assumptions about in quantum\ninformation theory.\nAnd also many many routes for generating\nEinstein's equations as either\napproximations or or again outcomes of\nother kinds of assumptions.\nSo, GR turns into\nsomething like the status that classical\nphysics has with respect to quantum\ntheory in space-time.\nWhich is a a limiting case, you know,\nsomething an approximation that's good\nin some circumstances for doing some\nthings, which which is basically\nhow Don just characterized it.\nSo, yeah, there's there's lots and lots\nand lots of physics underlying this\nboth in the high energy community and in\nthe quantum information community.\nRight. And and what Nima and the ERC\ngroup are doing is is even going beyond\nthat because they're they're saying\nwe're not going to even start with\nquantum information theory. Anything\nquantum itself is going to arise joined\ntself is going to arise joined\nat the hip with space-time from\nsomething far deeper. So, so they want\nto show quantum information theory and\ngeneral relativity arise together from\nsomething that couldn't care less about\nunitarity at all.\nSo, that's that's what they're that's\nwhat they're after. So, there is no\nlocality and there is no unitarity\nperiod in these new positive geometries.\nAnd they don't care about unitarity and\nthey show that then quantum information\ntheory\ncomes out as a approximation and special\ncase at the same time that you get\nspace-time.\nSo, that's\nso it's different than the the you know,\nCarlo Rovelli kind of approaches and so\nforth.\n&gt;&gt; [clears throat and cough]\n&gt;&gt; So, so and that's the approach they're\nSo, so and that's the approach they're\ntrying to\n&gt;&gt; should actually say that it contradicts\nmost of quantum information theory\nbecause quantum information theory\nactually has nothing to do with\nSo, the two arising together would be\nvery unusual.\nWell, what what Nima has shown wants to\nshow is that unitarity and locality\ntogether arise from these positive\ngeometries. And then because you get\nunitarity arising from it, then you get\nthe foundations for quantum information\ntheory.\nSo, that but you know, we'll see. You\nknow, the proof is what if you can do\nit, right? Um\nSo, yeah, that's I'm just trying to be\nclear about where they stand with\nrespect to current approaches to trying\nto build up As you as as you say Chris,\nmost of approaches that are trying to\nbuild space-time are starting with\nsomething quantum and these guys are\nnot. They're saying we're not even\nhaving quantum. We're starting with what\nthey just call positive geometries.\nSo,\nSo, that's just want to make clear how\nhow out of the box they're thinking is.\nSo, John Wheeler of course was trying to\nthink out of the box and he was saying\nyou know, someday this is 1990 in his\nwonderful book on gravity and\nspace-time. He says someday surely we'll\nfind we'll see a principle underlying\nexistence is so\nsimple, so beautiful, so obvious that\nwe'd all say to each other, oh how could\nit have\nall been so blind so long. So, that's\nwhat we're looking for. And let's see.\nI'm not able to\nCan you guys hear me?\nWe can hear you, yeah, but the slides\nare not advancing. Yeah, let's see.\nOkay, well, I guess it now it advanced.\nOkay. And he said about the same time in\nhis famous book\n&gt;&gt; Don. Sorry, sorry. Ours we're still\nwe're still seeing the title slide.\nOkay, let me try this again.\nWe we only saw the the title page so\nfar.\nOkay, I'll go back and try the That's\nweird.\nSo, I'll\nLet's see.\nSo, I'll go back to share. Sorry about\nthat.\nNo problem.\nHm.\nThat's weird. Let's\nCan you can you see that?\nWe can, but it's still in um\nno problem.\nYep.\nYeah, there we Okay. Okay, so\nRight. So, Wheeler suggested that you\nknow\nthe note struck out on the piano by the\nobserver participants of all places and\nall times bits of the are in and of by\nthemselves constitute the great white\nworld of space and time and things. So,\nhe was trying to start with what he\ncalls observer participants. And he\nthought that maybe somehow that was in\nhis it from bit paper 1989.\nAnd he actually in his paper cited work\nthat Shayton and I were doing our book\nobserver mechanics. So, he was already\nthinking about the stuff we were doing\nwith observers and participants back\nthere back then.\nSo, what's a minimal observer\nparticipant? I'm going to have we're\ngoing to start with just the absolute\nbare basics. They have experiences like\nsmell of garlic, taste of mint. And\nthese experiences can change. That's all\nI'm going to assume. That's the\nfoundation of everything. So, my\nontology is there are experiences\nand\nthey can change.\nSo, for example,\nmaybe I have four experiences. A very\nvery simple observer red, green, blue\nI'll call that yellow.\nAnd they change.\nSo, now I'm seeing yellow. Now I'm\nseeing green. Now I'm seeing blue and so\nforth. They keep changing.\nA simple in fact the simplest and and\nmost general way of talking about that\nis just to talk about Markov chains. So,\nthe Markov matrix there\nthe first row has you know that means if\nI see red now what's probably I'll see\nred next. The point three is if I see\nred now it's a three tenths chance that\now it's a three tenths chance that\nI'll get uh\na 30% chance I'll get green next and so\nforth. That's just So, it's just a\ntransition matrix probability of seeing\nthe next color given that I'm seeing the\ncurrent color. So, that's all Markov\nchains are there are these matrices of\ncourse a lot of complications come out\nof that.\nAnd one\naspect [clears throat] of Markov chains\nis that they immediately estab-\ninstantiate a very interesting kind of\ngoal directed behavior. No matter how\nyou what what state you start the Markov\nchain in\nit has a target stationary measure. In\nthis case it's\nuh the thing on the left point three\nthree point three zero point one six\nNo matter what state you start this\nmatrix in it is going to go eventually\nto that state.\nSo, and you can perturb it as much as\nyou want. It will resist the\nperturbation and head back to that\ntarget state. So, already we have in the\nvery structure of this\na goal directed behavior.\nSo, and as as you guys in your papers\ntalk about you know William James\nmentions that intelligence is having you\nknow achieving a fixed goal with\nvariable means of achieving it.\nSo, that's the stationary measure\nand if you all have an ergodic Markov\nchain then you will have a stationary\nmeasure.\nNow, the idea is I want to have multi\nscale\ncollective intelligence and so we need a\nnotion of scale. So, I'm just going to\ntake an observer that sees a subset of\nthe states that this So, the first\nobserver I was talking about has four\ncolors it can see. Let's consider one\nthat has only two. So, that's my notion\nof scale. How many you know the the\nsubset relationship among the number of\nexperiences that you have.\nNow, so here's the the key idea of\neverything we're going to be doing now.\nSuppose I take the matrix on the right\nas describing quote unquote\nthe reality. This is what's happening.\nAnd but and those are the transitions.\nBut this observer on the left only sees\ntwo red and green.\nWhat transition probabilities is it\ngoing to see?\nRight, there's there should be a formula\ngiven the the matrix on the right there\nshould be some kind of computation we\ncan do to give us a two by two matrix\nfor the transitions on the left of the\njust in red and green. Does that idea\nmake sense?\nYep. Okay, good.\nwhen you do the mathematics it turns out\nthat's the matrix. It's So, you get this\nvery two by two matrix. Notice that the\nnumbers are completely different from\nthis matrix, right? There's\nit's not you're not just copying. It's a\ncomputation that you have to do.\nAnd so here are the two matrices you\nknow the one on the right is the big\nmatrix and if you just restrict\nattention to the red and green then you\nget the matrix on the left induced by\nthe matrix on the right. And this is\ncalled the trace. So, the matrix on the\nleft is called the trace of the matrix\non the right. That's just standard in\nMarkov theory that's been around for\nmore than half half a century. So, this\nis not new to me or to us.\nNow,\nthis\nyou can actually the trace formula is\nimportant. I'm going to go through it\nbecause it has an important conceptual\nthing for us.\nSo, the way you compute the trace. So, I\ngot I'm going to take this matrix. I\nwant to I'll call it matrix P\nand I want to you know get its trace on\nthe red and green. So, first I'll just\nnotice that we can take this matrix and\ndivide it into four submatrices.\nUm there's a two by two matrix you know\nthat has point two point three point\nfive point two. That's for the red and\ngreen and so forth. Um\nthat we'll call matrix A. So, that's\ngoing to be\nthe states that are visible\nto the trace observer, right? So, A\nis the the submatrix based on the states\nthat are going to be visible to the sub\nobserver.\nC is the submatrix um relating states\nthat are dark to this new observer. It\ndoesn't see this. So, this is all\ndynamics that's dark to it.\nOkay?\nB\nis the matrix that is the exit. This is\nthe exits from what you can see\nto to the dark region. So, B is the\nexits and D is the re-entrance. This is\ngetting from the invisible world into\nthe visible world.\nSo, those are the submatrices that we're\ngoing to be using and here is the\nformula.\nThis works universally.\nThe trace So, the trace matrix on A\nwhich is you know the visible states is\nyou just take the original matrix A. So,\npoint two point three point five point\ntwo.\nAnd you add this interesting thing on\nthe right. That I is the identity\nmatrix.\nSo, you take the identity matrix minus\nthe dark matrix. So, I minus C is the\nidentity minus the dark matrix. And you\ntake its inverse.\nThat has the effect of being able to\nexplore all possible paths. There's\ninfinite number of paths through C that\nyou could take.\nSo, you allow I minus C quantity inverse\nis exploring the infinite number of\npaths there and then you pre multiply by\nthe exits and post multiply by the\nentrances.\nAnd you add that all up and that's your\ntrace. So, that's the idea.\nYou're basically\nyou get the trace by looking at all the\nways that you can go outside of the\ntrace and then coming back into the\ntrace.\n.\nThe trace states, okay? That's the\ngeneral formula.\nSo, that's been around again that's not\nus. That's been around for a long time.\nSo, you have hidden memories\nand controls. B, C, and D are going to\nbe hidden layers of control that the\nthat the agent A cannot see but will be\ninfluencing their behavior.\nSo, that's going to be an interesting\nhidden memory kinds of possibilities now\nwith B, C, and D. So, there's explicit\nmemory changes when you change A\ndirectly\nbut then there's going to be hidden.\nJust just one second to\nCan you please go back? In in this B, C,\nD so the the exits, the entrances, and\nthe invisible. Is there any particular\nmapping to memory or control or is it\nmore of a blanket category you're using\nhidden memory or controls? Like is\nmemory for example C the dynamics hidden\ndynamics in C?\nOr that's or what's the control here? I\nsuspect the exits and\nentrances would be more like control.\nWell, it it looks\nit turns out that you if you there's\ndifferent ways to control. You can screw\naround with B. You can screw around with\nC, screw around with D, or all of the\nabove in any combination you want. All\nof them together give you different ways\nof controlling. So, it's really quite\nfascinating the possibilities here.\nI'm going to go. Thanks.\nSo, all of that is old. Here's the new\nstuff. We discovered just a couple years\nago that the trace relationship gives\nyou a partial order on all Markov\nchains.\nThat was the discovery.\nAnd that's what sort of launched this\nwhole thing. So, it's a partial order\nwhich\nwhich means that there is a logic.\nmeans that there is a logic.\nSo, the so so the definition is that the\na matrix M\nis less than or equal to a matrix N in\nthe trace order if and only if M is a\ntrace of N. That's it. One trivial\ndefinition but no one saw it before.\nIt turns out that that definition gives\nyou a multi scale logic\nof minimal surprise.\nAnd the reason it's minimal surprise is\nbecause the trace is the zero surprise\nview\nof the bigger matrix.\nThat's the key idea.\nIt is the zero surprise\nsubset matrix view.\nAnd the\nWe'll talk about the stationary measures\nas well. The stationary measure is\nidentical to the it is a normalized\nrestriction of the original stationary\nSo, you have minimal surprise in the\ndynamics in fact zero surprise in the\ndynamics and in this in in the\nand in this in in the\nstationary measure again zero surprise.\nSo, the trace logic is the logic of\nminimal surprise for arbitrary dynamical\nsystems.\nSo, that's the power of this because\nwe\nminimizing surprise is of course\nkey to intelligence a key to\nintelligence. But this is multi-scale.\nSo, this is the multi-scale logic of\nminimal surprise.\nwhat about this trace logic? The set of\nall Markov chains form a non-Boolean\nlogic\nunder the trace order. It's it's it's\nnon-Boolean.\nthat means that there's no global top,\nthere's no global negation, there's\nmany matrices do not have meets and\njoints or hands and ors.\nHowever, so\nit does have a notion of meet, join,\nnot, and entails generally, but many\nmatrices are not compatible. So, they\nmay or may not have meets and joints.\nSo, it's a very very complex logic.\nHowever, if you take any particular\nMarkov chain P\nand you look at all of its traces\nthey form a Boolean sub-logic.\nSo, I can pick any Markov chain I want\nto anyone at random, look at all of its\ntraces all those Markov matrices\ntogether form a Boolean logic. So, the\nnotion of and or not\num are completely well defined.\nAnd this Boolean logic has two to the\nend members. If there's n experiences\nthen there are two two to the end\nmembers in this Boolean logic and\ntraces.\nso that's\nif you think about it all we've got\nright now are we don't have agency yet.\nAlthough you I showed you that that\nnotion of goal-directed behavior which\nis sort of like a a proto agency kind of\nthing. Already these matrices are going\ntoward their stationary measure no\nmatter how you perturb them. So, already\nthere is this interesting notion of of\nsome kind of agency going on there.\nBut now here's the key idea.\nHere's the and this this is only now two\nmonths old this idea. And that's why\nthis when I had this idea I realized\nthat it was time to talk with you guys.\nOnce we have\nthe trace logic I've talked about is a\nlogic on observer windows.\nSo, it's the the the space an infinite\nspace of all possible observer windows.\nThere's this minimal surprise logic on\nall of it the trace logic cleanly well\ndefined.\nhow do I want to do model agency? And\nthis is this is the new idea just in the\nlast few weeks.\nAgency is a matter of changing which\nwindow I want to look through.\nI want to have a policy\nfor how if I'm looking at the world this\nway then how do I want to look at the\nworld next?\nAnd how do I do that? Well, another\nMarkov chain. The Markov kernel will say\nwhat's the probability if if this is my\ncurrent window that my next current\nwindow will be such and such. The way\nyou write that down is again a Markov\nmatrix. So, what we have is a policy\nis a Markov matrix on the trace logic\nitself. So, the trace logic is the\nentire logic of minimal surprise on\npossible conscious observers.\nThat's what it is. And the first step of\nagency is to say let's crawl along the\ntrace logic.\nThat's the first baby step in agency.\nThe first ability to crawl along\nthe trace logic.\nNow, if we look at the collection of all\nI'll call those Markov kernels policies.\nEach Markov kernel is a policy. It's a\nit's a first order of agency.\nAnd since they're Markov matrices\nthey satisfy their own trace logic. So,\nwe now have a trace we have the first\ntrace logic of observer windows. Now, we\nstart crawling on that trace logic of\nobserver windows. That's our first layer\nof agency.\nIt has its own trace logic.\nThat's its own So, let's one call this\nrecursive trace\num logic. It's recursive now.\nAnd you can see we can do this ad\ninfinitum. Once we have the trace logic\nof policies, I can now crawl on it and\nget meta policies. And so, I can take\nagency to whatever layer of complexity I\nwant. We can start with the baby layer.\nWe can start with just the observer\nwindows and explore those then study\npolicies and then meta policies and\nbuild up recursively to ever um deeper\nnotions of agency.\nSo, just at top level we can think of at\nthe a policy is simply a path through\nthe trace logic of observer windows.\nThat's that's the simplest case, right?\nSo, I had I started off with a a three\num state window and maybe I move to a\ntwo-state window and then I move to a\none-state window and that was what my my\npolicy was. And so, I've got a Markov\nkernel that does that.\nUm and then a meta policy would say I've\ngot thousands of thousands of policies.\nI now have the flexibility to choose my\npolicies based on whatever goals I might\nhave.\npolicies can model attention shifts,\nscale shifts, reparameterizations.\nIt can\num maybe describe a subsystem that I\nthink is now driving um\nmy future\ndecisions my policies.\nSo, the recursive trace logic is the\ncollection of all policies\nwith their trace logics and and then\nrecurse recurse recurse again. So, uh\nit's a whole hierarchy of trace logics.\nEach trace logic itself is infinite.\nSo, we have a choice of policy, meta\npolicy, meta meta policy, and so forth.\nSo, [clears throat]\nso we've talked about stationary\nmeasures\num and you know, they're sort of a a\nminimal kind of notion of goal-directed\nbehavior.\nwe can write down a a simple\nintelligence metric um\nbased on\nMarkov chains.\n&gt;&gt; [clears throat]\n&gt;&gt; So, it turns out that for any\nSo, it turns out that for any\nprobability measure pi\nthere are many Markov chains for which\npi is a stationary measure.\nOkay? So, if you specify a a stationary\nmeasure um\nand you ask what what is the Markov\nchain that has a stationary measure?\nThat's the wrong question. There's an\ninfinite class of Markov chains that\nwill have that stationary measure and\nthey vary in very interesting ways. They\nfor for one, they have different rates\nof convergence.\nSo, some\nsome will have this goal-directed\nbehavior where they're going almost\nimmediately to the goal. No matter where\nyou start them, they will go almost in\nin just a couple steps to the goal and\nothers will converge very very slowly.\nSo, we get to choose in in the trace\nlogic we can choose how quickly we want\nto converge to our goal.\nRight? So, this is very going to be very\ninteresting because search efficiency is\nof course your measure K is is is a a\nmodel of intelligence. So, we have a\ndial here that we can dial the\nintelligence. And it may be that\nyou know,\nyou might be have high intelligence with\nrespect to a goal, but there may be some\nsub-goals. It turns out that if you if\nyou go quickly to your this this\nstationary measure, you may not do other\nthings intelligently. So, we're going to\nbe careful which Markov chain we choose\ndepending on what what goals we're\ntrying to get to. So, there are many\ngoals that you can get and I want to\ntalk about that and its possibilities.\nSo, there's differing rates of\nconvergence and the convergence rate is\ndominated by lambda two lambda sub two\nwhich is the largest eigenvalue of the\nMarkov matrix. You take the Markov\nmatrix and do its eigenvalue analysis.\nThe the largest eigenvalue has value\neigenvalue has value one.\nUm the but then you find the largest\neigenvalue that's less than one and that\ngives you that that pretty much tells\nyou the rate of convergence for um that\nparticular Markov chain. So, there are\nMarkov chains with different lambda twos\nthat all have the same stationary\nmeasure and so they converge to it at\ndifferent rates.\nso, there is a\nthen a connection between this Markov\nnotion of intelligence which is the\nlambda two convergence and and your your\nyour metric which is K. And the the\nrelationship is just a simple um\nequation.\nwhere\nT sub M would be um\nyour would be our lambda essentially our\nlambda two the rate of convergence. And\nT blind would be say, you know, just a\nrandom walk that does not that's not\nsmart.\nRight. So, so there is a deep\nconnection.\nBut now here here's a a little tricks.\nWe we want to have um\nwhat as you guys talk about you talk\nabout different layers. It's\nhierarchical and higher layers can bend\nthe the the geometry of the problem\nspace for lower layers. And so, how do\nyou model model that with Markov chains?\nWell, it turns out um there\nyou can have lots of different so-called\ncommunity structures. So, again for any\nstationary measure pi there are an\ninfinite number of Markov chains that\nhave pi stationary, but that have\ndiffering community structures.\nSo now community structure is roughly is\nlike is like you probably know but about\nit, but I'll just say briefly. You could\nhave you know thousands of thousands of\nstates in this Markov chain, maybe a few\nhundred are tightly connected over here,\na few hundred are tightly connected over\nthere. There's just a few cross links.\nSo the whole thing is ergodic, but\nbasically you you might have like 10\ncommunities that are tightly knit.\nNow within each of those communities,\nmaybe my hundred state community, if I\nlook at it more closely, it itself is\ncomposed of maybe\nthree new sub communities. In other\nwords, you can have an infinite number\nof communities, sub communities, sub\ncommunities all the way down\nas far as you want. Um\nand all having the same stationary\nmeasure. So what this gives us is you\nmight have one big goal, reach the\nstationary measure, but you could have\nsubgoals, which community. The way you\nget there is the different communities\nthat you might emphasize as you go down.\nSo it gives you this multi-scale\nflexibility.\nAnd and the community structure turns\nout mathematically is dictated by the\neigenvectors when you do the you know\nanalysis of the matrix again.\nThe eigenvectors with eigenvalues close\nto one because they involve slow mixing\nbetween communities. So the communities\nthemselves\nmix inside themselves, but they don't\nmix between the communities very much.\nSo\nwe have state we can have policies then\nthat are trying to you know focus on\nstationary measures, community\nstructures, convergence rates,\nuh particular dynamical models, and and\nso forth. Um\nSo policies can be looking at all these\nthings and and trying to optimize. And\nthen the meta policies can explore\ndifferent policies. We can have meta\npolicies and meta meta policies\nexploring at different rates. Um\nSo this starts to give us a recursive\nnotion of agency. And in some sense, the\nreason I'm bringing this up is here is a\nframework of mathematical tools that\ngive that that's incredibly simple.\nThere's one definition, the trace.\nThat's the only mathematics there. And\nthen there's one observation, the trace\nlogic.\nAnd then the third observation is it's\nrecursive. That's it. And then all the\ntool that's it and all the tools are at\nyour disposal.\nSo meta policies can explore different\npolicies. And the deeper the recursion\nthat we go\nin terms of making deeper and deeper\ntrace logics, we get deeper and deeper\nnotions of agency. So we can actually\nexplore just policies for our simplest\nnotion of agency and then go to meta\npolicies\nto discover you know deeper notions of\nagency and so forth. So we can take it\none step at a baby step at a time.\nNow in terms of how does this relate to\nnotions of Markov blankets\nand the self versus the world? Um Markov\nblankets [clears throat] as you will\nknow are are strictly speaking defined\nfor directed acyclic graphs. And there\nyou know they they define a boundary\nbetween self and the world.\nAnd\nI want to upgrade these notions to\nMarkov chains. Right? So and\nthe idea of the upgrade is\num Markov chains are graphs,\nbut they're not acyclic. They they allow\ncycles. So this is one upgrade. We we're\nupgrading from acyclic graphs to cyclic\ngraphs. And then we're upgrading to\nlabeled cyclic graphs,\nnamely labeled by the transition\nprobabilities. So that's that's what I\nmean by upgrade. And we're going beyond\ndirected acyclic graphs to something\nthat's that's far more general.\nSo we have to So the\nSo we we'll want to move from you know\nthe standard notion of Markov blanket to\nwhat I would call a trace blanket. And\nhere now\nwe have to actually construct the self\nand the world.\nwe need to\nthe way we will do that is\nand by the way now you know\nI'm just saying at top level. We have to\ndo a lot of hard work here.\nBut it's going to be policies and meta\npolicies and what they what they do.\nAnd certain experiences like what\nexperiences of\npleasure and pain will be part of the\nexperiences agents have and\nto the extent that certain actions lead\nto\ngreater hitting of the pleasure centers,\nthe pleasure the higher put it the\nhigher stationary measure for the\npleasure, then that they'll be\nsought. And to higher stationary\nmeasures for the pain, they they will be\nless sought.\nThey will be avoided. And\nso the idea will be\nthere'll be pleasure and pain guides,\nbut there'll also be\nI'm thinking that policies\nWhat policies do is they say um\ngiven that I'm looking through this\nparticular observer window, what's the\nprobability that I'll now look through\nthat window over there or that window\nover there? If\n&gt;&gt; [snorts]\n&gt;&gt; Don, can I ask you Yeah. Can I interrupt\nDon, can I ask you Yeah. Can I interrupt\nwith a question?\nA couple of sentences ago was the first\ntime you used the word action.\nAnd is an action in this framework just\na change in policy?\nSo each\num it is, but it's not just a change in\npolicy. So an action would be um\nan a policy itself gives you an action\non observer windows cuz your action is\nto change observer windows. Okay.\nA meta policy gives you a a higher level\nof action because you're now changing\npolicies.\nRight? And then a meta meta policy would\nbe an even higher level of action\nbecause you're changing your meta\npolicy.\nOkay. So So actions\nSo actions are all either\nchanging what you're looking at or\nchanging how you decide what you what\nhow you decide what you what\nyou're looking at. That's right. Okay.\nGreat.\nIt's a recursive notion of action now.\nRight. So So now\nI'm just thinking through this last bit,\nbut it seems like some policies,\nfor example, now So now I'm looking at\njust the smallest level of action.\nSome policies, if they have certain\nthings that you that\nalways appear in your observer window.\nSo for example, in my observer windows,\nmy hands and my body often appear.\nWhereas other things that I call the\nexternal world don't appear that often.\nAnd I also notice that I seem to be able\nto directly control my hands and my\nbody.\nBut if I want to have my phone move, I\nneed to move my hand so that I can pick\nup the phone to move the phone. So what\nwhat I am going to say is that we we\nreally have to it So in in the Markov\nblanket approach, right? The\nThe Markov blanket has a clean\ndefinition. It's you know you give me a\nset of nodes, their blanket is their the\nparents of the nodes, the offspring of\nthe nodes, and the parents of the\noffspring of the nodes. End of story.\nThat is your blanket. That's your skin.\nThat's your boundary between you and the\nworld. Here it's much more complicated.\nNow I have to use the notion of agency\nin a non-trivial fashion and learn\nprobabilistically\nwhat features of my\nsequence of observer windows that I'm\nhaving remain\nthere most of the time. My hands are\nthere most of the time. And they're\nAnd they're\nassociated certain actions with my hands\nare associated with pleasure signals,\nothers associated with pain signals. So\nI'm learning to do certain things with\nmy hands and don't stick them in the\nfire, things like that. Other things\nare are much more contingent. They\nSo I can use probabilities of what I'm\nseeing in my observer windows as a way\nof starting to construct myself versus\nthe outside world plus these pleasure\nand pain guides. Don, can I ask you\nanother question? Sure. Sure. Uh you you\ntalked about actions with your hands.\nWhat does that mean in terms of uh\nchanging what you're looking at? Since\nthe only action is changing what you're\nlooking at,\nwhat does it mean to control what your\nhands are doing? Right, because so\nthat's that's a great question, Chris,\nbecause what that means is\nI want an observer window I have an\nobserver window where my hand is\ntouching my ear. Now I want an observer\nwindow in which my hand is touching my\nleg.\nAnd so I transition to that observe So\nwhat's happening is I'm choosing what I\nwant to see in my movie next.\nAnd that's what we call moving my hand.\nIt's a completely You have to really\nthink out of the box now. This is it's\nit's really it's a choice of what I want\nto see next. And that's what the actions\nare.\nOkay. Okay. Great.\nIt's very it's in a very austere What\nWhat I love about it is it's austere.\nThere's only one equation and one logic\nand and so you have very very tight\nguides.\nAnd yet the the claim is we should be\nable to get everything out of it.\nBut that's what I love is a theory\nthat's that forces you to do it in a\nprincipled way.\nNow Bayesian inference, I'll just we can\ntalk about more but if you want, but\nI'll just mention briefly.\nBayes' rule um falls out of the meet\nuh the and of the trace logic. And we\ncan go into how that's the case. It's\nIt's\nbeautiful and non-trivial, but Bayesian\ninference is effectively a special case\nof the meat of the trace logic. And if\nyou want, we can go into that.\nAnd you know, you guys talk about\nbending the option space and\nand I\nI want to say that Yeah, I'm taking the\nnotion of space\nOf course, that was metaphorical when\nyou talk about bending the option space,\nbut there is a\na real sense in which I want to get\nspace and space-time itself. And what\nI'm working on quite heavily and with\nwith a couple others is I believe that\nwe can actually boot up\num special and general relativity\nentirely from the trace logic.\nso that's that's the claim that\nrelativistic space-time can be\nconstructed entirely from the trace\nlogic. And this would be then fulfilling\nJohn Wheeler's goal that starting with\nonly observer participants that we can\nbuild up all of space-time physics. And\nthat's that's\nthe the goal of where we're headed. Um\nand I'll just give you This will be the\nlast thing I do and then we can have a\nconversation about it.\nJust to give you a hint about how that\nwould happen.\nUm it's standard in Markov chain theory\nto have what are called in um enhanced\nMarkov chains. So, you have a Markov\nchain, but you also have a counter.\nEvery time your experience flips, you\nknow, you you change experience, your\ncounter increments.\nSo, here I've got a case where I've got\nthe the the four um\ncolor agent and then there's the sub\nagent of just red and green.\nAnd notice that um each There's a\ncounter for the red and green and\nthere's a counter for all four. And\nnotice the counter on the left is going\nmuch faster than the counter on the\nright because it's seeing more\nexperiences.\nSo, the counters go at The counters for\nthe sub agents or so I'm sorry, sub sub\nwindows, sub sub observers are going at\na slower rate than the the ones above\nthem. So, if I'm less than you in the\ntrace logic, my time counter is going\nless than you than than the one. So, the\ntrace logic also is giving you a um a\nrelationship among counters and that we\nclaim is the time dilation of special\nrelativity and general relativity.\nThat's where it comes from.\nSo, it's all about\nobserver windows and their counters. And\nit turns out that the distances can also\nbe derived. And it turns out that the\ndistances that you will get in in the\nwindow\num the trace window are different than\nthe distances you'll get in the in the\nbigger. And so, we're we're This is\nwhere we're hoping to get general\nrelativity coming out of this. Just\nsimply there's notions of um essentially\nsomething like the commute time between\nstates.\nUh and and similar notions. The commute\ntime, I'll just give you that\nconcretely. It's the the expected time\nof uh starting at green\num getting to blue and then back to\ngreen. What's the expected number of\nsteps that I you know, starting at green\nI'll get to blue and then back to green.\nAnd it turns out there's that's um\nthat expected time can be viewed as the\nsquare of Euclidean distance.\nSo, there are there are canonical ways\nof getting Euclidean distances from\ncommute time properties. And And other\nthere there are Dirichlet um measures\nwhich are even more to the point, but\nmore complex. I won't go into them.\nBut there are ways of going from um\nthe trace logic gives us effectively the\ntime dilation and length contractions of\nspecial and general relativity is the\nidea.\nUm so, time runs lower on the trace.\ngaps between ticks are So, so I'm I'll\njust leave it at that. I think that's\nenough for us to I'll stop the share so\nwe can we can talk about it. But I just\nwanted to give you guys a feel and I can\nsend you guys some papers on this, but I\nwanted us to have a little time to talk\nabout This is just a\nWe haven't solved the agency framework\nthe agency thing. What we've got is a\nlanguage now that's principled for\ntalking about agency.\nYeah, thanks very much, Don. That was\namazing. Um\nUh I I have a question that I can the\ngeneral question. What do What do you\nmake of the fact that you're apparently\npulling out descriptions of physics and\ndescriptions of agency out of the same\nstarting starting material? Does that\nI think Well, you know, something I've\nbeen saying for quite a while is that\nspace-time's just a headset.\nAnd we're we're effectively saying we\ncan build the headset.\nSpace-time is is not the reality that's\nindependent of us then we're little tiny\nlittle\nThere you go.\nOur our typical view is, you know,\nHoffman is this tiny little 160-lb thing\ninside of massive massive space-time\nuniverse. And I'm saying, \"No, no, no.\nThis that's\nWhat we call Hoffman is just an avatar\ninside a a space-time headset that's\nbeing created by consciousness.\"\nAnd the proof of the pudding is, can we\nbuild the headset?\nRight? So, the idea is that that\nspace-time What we have for the for this\napproach to go through, we have to be\nable to show that we can get special\nrelativity, no hand wave, just from the\nAnd also general relativity and quantum\ntheory. We we have to be able to show\nthat we can get entanglement and all of\nthis stuff\nsimply from from the trace logic and\nMarkov chain. Now, one\none objection that someone might have is\nto say, \"Look, Markov chains they're\nthey're you know, in quantum theory we\nhave unitary matrices. You know,\nwhat are you dealing with? You just have\nMarkov matrices. You don't have these\nnice unitary matrices. So, how you going\nto do that?\"\nAnd uh\nthe idea is um\nmost Markov matrices are not unitary,\nbut there are some that are.\nUm they they are measures There are a\nsubset of the Markov matrices that are\nunitary. And when you look at the um\nlong-term behavior of a Markov matrix\nthe asymptotic behavior, it turns out\nthat the\nthe way that you the eigen functions\nThis is now when we go to those enhanced\nMarkov chains. And this is work that\nChetan and I did back in 2014.\nChetan discovered that the\neigen functions of the enhanced Markov\nchains are identical in form to the\nquantum wave functions of free\nparticles. Identical.\nSo, the idea is going to be\nthat quantum\ntheory arises as an asymptotic\ndescription\nof a Markov dynamics.\nSo, the Markov dynamics gives you a\nstep-by-step-by-step\nanalysis of agency and consciousness.\nQuantum theory\nonly gives you\nthe asymptotic behavior, not the\nstep-by-step behavior.\nSo, that's going to be that's going to\nbe the the the connection.\nAgain, this is all a matter of theorem\nand proof. This is you know, either\nwe're right or we're wrong. This is\ntheorem and proof or theorem and\ndisproof.\nNow, one one might say, \"Well, um you\nknow,\nyou have the no-cloning theorem in\nYou know, what about that in Markov\nchains and so forth?\" And it turns out\nif you look carefully\nat the look no-cloning theorem, the the\nproof of it does not require unitarity.\nIt only requires linearity. Markov\nchains are linear and they have their\nown no-cloning theorem.\nSo, I see no obstruction right now. We\njust have to do the hard work, but I see\nwe have a a principled notion of agency.\nAnd it it shows us how the\nthe\nnested community structure can give us\nnested\ngoals and bending, you know, nested\nbending of problem spaces.\nAnd we can actually\nnot only talk about\nmetaphorically about bending the problem\nspaces, we actually can show I I think\nwe'll be able to show that we can\nactually have real space-time curved\nrepresentations of bending, you know,\ngeneral relativistic descriptions of\nbending.\nMike, may may I share you you you\nremember the\nthe we were taking this project and and\nembedding it in into the variational\nfree energy principle and all that. So,\nmay I share now the the screen to to to\nshow Don and and Chetan what what we\nalready have? I mean, mind you all, we\nThis is work from 1 year ago. We still I\nstill didn't get to to develop it in\nfull. It's, let's say, maybe 80%\ndone. So, on the\non the left you you see this book. This\nwill come soon. It's Karl's book on the\nfree energy principle on the nature of\nthings. It's It's the\nuh the big a big monograph monographs of\nthe latest version, I suspect. So,\nYeah. We didn't we didn't push this\npaper\nbecause I also wanted to have access to\nthe latest form of this\nbefore we would push. So,\nthe synthesis paper had on only a few\nuh dropped names of uh variational free\nenergy and and and and the decomposable\nway in which you can assess intelligence\nand and true scale-free quantification\nand and and and recursive decomposition\nand and recursive decomposition\nin that sense. So, in this project, we\ntried to do it within\nthe free energy principle framework. So,\nwithin the the variational base\nframework, right? So, we take all these\nproblem space operators and and embed\nthem into a physical variational physics\ndescriptions. And we also end up on some\nof the things that you you don't and and\nand Chetan mentioned like the for\nexample, when we we can have uh\nthe the issue of free normalization and\nthen and then getting ways in which you\ncan decompose and quantify across scales\nadditive gains in search efficiency at\ndifferent scales and then do it globally\nfor for as a as a whole total of the of\nthe system depending on how you would\nhow efficiency gains are cashed out at\ndifferent levels. So, that can be\nembedded in the variational logic of the\nfree energy principle for sure and using\nusing the more pedestrian thing in the\nsense of like the all the the the nest\nassumption and and and the Helmholtz\ndecomposition and then building on that\nbuilding a minimal Landau style floor of\nof cost per unit operator and and and\nefficiency gains. So, this is not done\nbut what I I want to say is that\nseeing you present this just now, it is\nclear to me that the you provide way\nmore finer algebraic structure for us to\nprobe even deeper into this\ndecomposition and then look at what you\nmentioned the community structure and\nall these sort of effects you would get\nand what would appear to us at the scale\nand metric of observation as an\nefficiency gain might come from\ninnumerable ways of of of tiling that\nproblem space or or or bending the\nproblem space or or just doing\njust doing\nin your terms just uh changing the\nobservation frame by communities and and\ncertain communities having different\npolicies and then meta policies based on\nthe higher order aggregates and so on.\nSo, I think it's definitely valuable\neven going even if it were something\nthat's built after this is pushed\nbecause this will be finished quite\nsoon. Right. It's definitely worth\nlooking into it and and the connection\nwith physics is certainly is certainly\nimpressive for sure. The that's the hard\nwork, you know.\nThis is less hard.\nWell, I would certainly welcome any\ninteractions you guys want to have on\nthis once once your current projects are\nyou you you get to a certain place\nbecause I think\nas I listen to your work, I realize our\nideas are really converging quite nicely\nhere and I think that there's a\nsynergy. The nice thing about the Markov\nstuff is that it's it's so well studied\nthey they've they you just look at the\nyou the the eigen analysis of these\nmatrices to get a lot of this stuff. So,\nthere are lots of papers out there about\nthe community structure and and so\nforth. So, we would just have to do our\nhomework and understand and a lot of\nthat stuff we could just then port in\nhere and\nit's it's it's really quite well\nunderstood. The only thing they didn't\nhave was the trace logic\nand the fact that it can recurse. That's\nwhat they that's what they were missing\nto pull this whole picture together.\n&gt;&gt; Interesting. Very interesting. Yeah.\nInteresting. Very interesting. Yeah.\nWhat do you think would happen or maybe\nyou've already done it but to apply some\nof the\ncausal emergence metrics to to the to\nthe dynamics of these things, you know,\nor like some of the stuff that you guys\ndo Robert or some of the like more\nconventional stuff that we have\nhave you you know, phi d and all that\nkind of stuff. Have you\nhave you done that at all?\nMe or Don? Mike? Uh well well Don on his\nstuff and then and then if they haven't\ndone it yet, then I'm going to say\nmaybe we should. So, you know, so say a\nlittle bit more about the causal\nemergence question. I want to make sure\nI understand that that question.\nWell, you know, and I mean Robert's the\nbetter person to speak to it but there's\na there are a variety of new\nnewish metrics in information theory\nthat basically try to quantify some\nimportant aspects of agency, right? So,\nthe the extent to which the whole is\nin some sense\ncausally more than its parts, you know,\nphi all that stuff. Oh oh oh right. That\nkind of exactly right. That's what I'm\ngetting at. Have have you tried any of\nthose metrics on on the dynamical path\nof these things?\nWell, yeah. So,\nso\na lot of that work has been\nthe motivation between that Tononi and\nand Co and so forth has has been to\nsomehow have consciousness be a function\nof the amount of causal emergence,\nright?\nAnd you know, to the extent that you the\nphi is the you know, the system with the\nthe the greatest\ncausal\nmeasure. And\nthose are those are very very useful. I\nthink they have nothing to do with\nconsciousness. Yeah, I'm not making any\nclaims about consciousness. I'm I'm just\nasking you know, just you know, just\nstep one of of getting the measurements\nand seeing seeing what's going on as far\nas Oh sure. I think that would honest as\nlong as there's no claims about that and\nconsciousness, I'm all for it. I think\nthat that stuff is that's that's really\ngood work. Absolutely.\nWhat I think is bogus is saying that\nconsciousness has something to do with\nthat. I think that's bogus.\nBut [clears throat] but yeah. I I\nbut we haven't done that ourselves. So,\nwe haven't done that would be So, the\nanswer is we haven't gone there yet and\nthat Yeah.\nIt may it may be interesting to do just\njust to get some some data and just to\ndo some measurements. I mean, we've\nwe've been doing it on\ngene regulatory networks and all sorts\nof weird things and there's some really\ninteresting but I would we haven't said\na word about consciousness we had with\nrespect to that but\njust just the data alone I think are\nalready interesting whatever the\ninterpretation. Your data has really\ninspired me the last few months. I've\njust really your work your whole team\nhas really inspired me. It really forced\nme to think out of the box about what\nthis thing can do. So, thank you. I\nmean, it's been really quite fun.\nThanks. Your your your your podcast with\nLex Fridman, I've listened to it like\nfive times or something like that.\n&gt;&gt; Don Don I mean on on this topic\nDon Don I mean on on this topic\nspecifically, do you think you could use\nnot the inverse trace\nas a sort of hypothesis generation for\nthis kind of experiments and this kind\nof data because\nI mean I mean it seems like you do the\nconstruction sort of you would in this\npaper at least in the paper in this\ncase, we did it mostly forward but you\nyou\nyou do have a calculus and an algebra\nfor doing it backwards. So, you have\nlet's say an observed effective kernel P\nsub A on the visible states A and then\nwith the trace chain theorem says that\nany cons any consistent extension P with\nthe hidden states A prime was it? Yeah,\nA prime. Then that must satisfy\nbasically the the the theorem. So, then\nthe A B C D sort of like a tuples is a\nsort of parameterized hypothesis space\nabout hidden mechanisms and then it just\nbecomes an an an an an inverse problem,\nright? It is is just that. So, if that's\nthe case and we have a lot of data in\nour in our Synthesizer paper, we used\nthe the planarian\nregeneration example and I know we use\nthe data in that literature but there is\nalso way more data in in GRNs and stuff\nlike that. So, do you think you could we\ncould have a sort of\na model in the inverse trace that would\ndistinguish between different hypotheses\nthat explain best the data that we see?\nYes, in the following sense. So, the the\ntrace logic because it's a logic, there\nis the notion of not only the meet but\nalso the join.\nThe join, yeah. So, I can take two\nmatrices\nand if they are compatible\nif they're\n&gt;&gt; for example part of a Boolean sub logic,\nfor example part of a Boolean sub logic,\nthen they they have a join.\nNow, Chetan has done the hard work of\ngetting a closed form solution for very\nspecial cases and it turns out to get a\ngeneral closed form solution is an open\nproblem.\nBut we but\nthe the\nand and the interesting thing is so\nthere there\nthere can be a join. There can also be\ncan be a join. There can also be\nso, the join is the least upper bound,\nright? Between two.\nBut you could also have in some cases\nChetan has pointed out that there could\nbe\na whole say one parameter family of\nminimal upper bounds.\nSo, it's going to be very very\ninteresting. We we with the trace logic\nfor certain matrices, there may not be a\na unique least upper bound. There could\na family of minimal upper bounds and\nthen we may be able to use other um\nfactors to choose one that we want.\n&gt;&gt; criteria So, other criteria for for what\nwe want. Maybe we want something that's\nthe the you know,\nsome kind of minimize complexity or\nmaximum complexity or or or or you know,\ncausal causal structure or greatest\ncausal structure or something like that.\nstructure or something like that.\nSo, there are all sorts of things that\nwe could do. So, so\nI we don't know if there is a general\nclosed form formula for computing the\njoin. Chetan has it for a special case.\nIt it's a fair bet that there is not\none. That's going to be interesting to\nto it's an interesting open mathematical\nproblem to study the join of this thing.\nAnd and and we I can give you the the\nthe unpublished paper we have so far\nwhere Chetan's stuff is there and you\ncan see what we've got so far\nand it's open as to you know, how to to\ngeneralize that to\nor to prove that it cannot be done,\nright? But it cannot be generalized.\n&gt;&gt; Mhm. Yeah, I know. It's it's it's super\ninteresting. Yeah, I I would definitely\nlove to to to see those papers and I I\nread I read some some of your stuff and\nalso the\nthe latest on Faces of Consciousness. I\nI I went through through most of it.\nVery Okay, you've seen the trace of\nconsciousness paper, right? Okay. So, so\nit's in the appendix at the at the at\nthe back of that paper that you already\nhave, um you'll see Chetan's work um\non on\nwhat we have so far on the join.\nYeah, work in progress. Yeah.\nOf course. Yeah,\nI know I know if you work because I am\none of my best friends is Robert\nBreadner, so I we talk a lot. We just\nsubmitted a paper on on IIT and and and\ncausal agent's theory. Oh, yes, right,\nright.\n&gt;&gt; Yeah, of course we know Robert quite\nYeah, of course we know Robert quite\nwell, yeah.\nSo, I have a question, John, about the\ndefinition of the trace.\nThe the trace of any Markov\nprocess is also a Markov process, right?\nYes.\nYeah, okay.\nSo, do you have Do you have an available\nmodel\nobservations that are or sequences of\nobservations that are not Markov?\nnot Markov?\nSo, uh sequences of observations that\nviolate\nconstant probability of switching from\none state to the next.\nSo, so that the probability is not well\nRight, it depends on your your time\nwindow and how you want to coarse-grain\nthe states, right? So,\nit's\none one can say that look, there are\nmany many systems that um\naren't\nit's not the case that if you look at\nthe the states I've given you, that the\nprobability of the next state is\ncan be given exactly just based on the\ncurrent state.\nYou might need to have look at three\nstates or five states or 10 states or\nwhatever, you know, you're bigger a\nbigger bigger window to to get\nuh the probability.\n&gt;&gt; But but in those cases, you can always\nBut but in those cases, you can always\nthen create new states and then turn it\nMarkov.\nSo, basically\n&gt;&gt; You can expand the the state space.\nActually multiply it. And there's there\ncan be a combinatorial explosion,\nthough. You do need to be aware of that\npossibility.\n&gt;&gt; [music]\n&gt;&gt; um\nand this only works for finite memory.\nIt doesn't work for\ninfinite memory.\nBut even for finite memory, you you do\nhave to be a little careful\nthat\nI mean, the combinatorics can get nuts.\nWhich is seems to be often the problem\nin consciousness research.\nRight, you know, I I'm\nI'm of course mainly interested in uh\nissues like contextuality and quantum\ntheory, where\nyou have groups of observations for\njoint probabilities can't be defined.\nAnd so, um\ncan't\nbuild a single self-consistent\nhidden variable theory.\nSo, I I don't know whether the formalism\nwill handle that sort of situation or\nnot.\nSince Since you do seem to be always\nassuming well-defined probability\ndistributions.\nCan you say more about the system that\nthat that doesn't work, Chris?\n&gt;&gt; Uh well, contextuality is is defined as\nas a as a phenomenon\nsets of observations\nuh over which\nno\nsets of observations for which a joint\nprobability distribution is undefinable.\nFor which the statistics\nviolate the Kolmogorov axioms.\nI suspect that the fact that\njoins don't always work might have\nsomething to do with that.\n&gt;&gt; That's what I was thinking, too.\nYeah, that that's that's\n&gt;&gt; I I originally thought your question was\nabout,\nyou know, having the same probabilities\nevery time. And of course, you don't\nneed that with Markov chains. They don't\nhave to be homogeneous, but that's not\nyour question. It's It's much\nIt's It's more abstract than that. Yeah.\nBut I\nthat you know, what I would my hope\nwould be to to somehow find sub logics\n&gt;&gt; actually look like quantum logics.\nRight.\n&gt;&gt; But you know, that\nif that happens, then we could possibly\nanswer your question in affirmative.\nI mean, that would be one way to do it.\nOkay. So, uh another way to think of it\nin your formalism might be if there are\npairs Yeah, this would be part of what\nlook like a quantum logic. If you have\npairs in the trace logic network that\ndon't commute.\nOh, easily.\nThat That may be a way of approaching\nthis joint question, John.\nYeah, that matrices have no joint. Yeah,\nto get back to your comment about\nunitarity\num at the very beginning.\nAnd unitarity is really just\nconservation of information.\nKolmogorov probability is really just\nSo, if you don't have\nsituations in which\ninformation is actually lost in some\nglobal sense,\nsort of at\ninformational singularities,\n[clears throat]\nif you will,\nthen\nthe system\nsatisfies unitarity\nas it's used as an axiom within the\ninformation theory, which is just\n&gt;&gt; So, that this is where I was I was\nSo, that this is where I was I was\nemphasize this disassoci- this complete\ndissociation, actually, of unitarity\nfrom\nany spatial considerations.\nBut okay, anyway, that's\nthat's sort of an aside. The The real\nquestion is about\ncontextuality.\nRight, right. Yeah, it is striking that\nthat Nima\nArkani-Hamed and these\nhigh-energy theoretical physicists are\nare strident that they're not assuming\nunitarity.\nThey're They're strident about it.\nThey're saying, \"We don't need it.\"\nsaying, \"We don't need it.\"\nAnd we'll show that it arises\nuh these positive geometries that that\nare entirely outside of space-time. So,\nthey're they're getting space-time and\num together.\nI I've never seen a I've never seen a\ndemonstration of of that fact as it\nuh you know, in itself.\nWhat I have seen is, you know, they they\nderive\num scattering amplitudes and which match\nwhat's understood from, you know, the\nFeynman approach.\nThat doesn't mean you derive space-time,\nand it doesn't mean you've derived\nIt just means that you've matched\nsomething.\nYeah, I I I think they're referring to\n&gt;&gt; is absent.\nYeah. Sorry.\nYeah, I think I think they're referring\nto unitary processes in space-time.\nRight. Right. That's what they're\nreferring to. Absolutely.\n&gt;&gt; Yeah.\nRight. That's very different from\nYes. as a strictly information-theoretic\nconcept. And And yet, the way they wave\nit around and say, \"We We don't assume\nspace-time or unitarity.\" Right?\nIt's just a disconnect in language, I\nthink.\nI mean, you you know, it's it's fine not\nassuming\nuh a collection B when you're doing a\ncollection A.\nBut if somebody like Dyson comes around\nand says they're equivalent, then then\nyou can't say that we don't need\nspace-time. It's just another way of\nlooking at it.\nSo, they have you know, their claim is\nis unfounded as far as I I know. I mean,\nyou know, somebody needs to sit down and\nsay, \"This is how space-time emerges\nfrom the amplitudehedron.\"\nOtherwise,\nit just just saying that I you know, I\nSchwinger could say I don't need to\nassume Feynman, and Feynman could say I\ndon't need to assume Schwinger, and\nthey're both right, but they're both\nequivalent.\nYeah, yeah, right now they don't give\nyou space-time, they give you scattering\namplitudes. That's what they give you.\n&gt;&gt; Right.\nWhich I still think they're defined in\nspace-time. Fair enough.\nYeah, I\nI mean, a facet of something, you know.\nI I suspect\neventually we'll generally be able to\nidentify\namplitudehedron-like\nstructures\nwith error-correcting quantum\nerror-correcting codes. Hm.\nYou You wrote a paper on that, didn't\nyou, Chris? Well, we're we're in the\nuh we have a preprint of it that was\nrevised as of a few months ago, and\nwe're still working on it.\n&gt;&gt; But the uh\nBut the uh\nthe current pre- current available\npreprint isn't bad.\nbut the hypothesis would be\nwe can go the other way from\namplitudehedron-like structures to\nquantum error-correcting codes. And\nthere are many ways to get space-time\nfrom quantum error error-correcting\ncodes.\nSo, Hm, interesting.\n&gt;&gt; it it may be that the the inference ends\nup going in that direction through that\ndirection.\nWhat I'm hoping to be able to show is\nthat some of these positive geometries\nlike the associahedron\nare sub polytopes of the Markov\npolytope.\nSo, that\nbecause\nthe Markov polytope\ncould be describing the probabilities of\nof certain interacting processes that we\nwould think of as scattering processes.\nAnd so, if if\nif that's the case, then I would you\nknow, there may be a a deep connection\nbetween\nsome of these positive geometries and\nthe Markov hedron, which is itself a\npositive geometry.\nYeah. Set of all possible Markov chains\nis a positive geometry.\nYeah, I I suspect that.\nUh\nAny any such structure defined over any\nspace of possibilities\nor any such\ndynamics defined over any such any space\nof possibilities can be thought of as\nscattering in some you know\nRight. meta metaphorical [snorts]\nbut\nbut formally\nsensible way.\nYeah. I mean computation\nWe can think of computation as\nscattering Right. data\nspace.\nInteraction is scattering.\nI mean,\nscattering is what is how interactions\nlook in a physics lab.\nWhat what what's surprising is how\nrestricted the scattering\nevents are that you find in physics,\nright? That that that's\na very restricted set and it turns out\nthat you the something like the standard\nmodel gives you all the components that\nyou're ever going to find in any\nscattering that you ever do.\n&gt;&gt; We hope. Yeah. That that so far well,\nyeah, that's\nso far. Well, the all all all the ones\nthat you see with the sorts of things\nthat we call elementary particles.\nwe call elementary particles.\nRight. Right.\nWhat what what I find interesting is\njust as when we had the Ptolemaic system\nand we had all cycles and cycles and\ncycles, you could get all the orbits of\nthe planets.\nBut it was\nugly and\njust just a mess cuz you had to do add\nall these cycles and correcting cycles\nto correct those cycles and so forth to\ndo it. And the same thing happens with\nspace time and scattering. You would you\nlook at the Feynman diagrams, it's loop\nafter loop and you you have three or\nfour particle interactions and 500 pages\nof algebra because you have all these\nPtolemaic loop after loop after loop\nwhere you're enforcing locality and\nunitarity. So, Feynman is forcing\nlocality and unitarity and and so we\nhave to do all this stuff. And all of a\nsudden\n400 pages of algebra turns into two\nterms when you let go of space time and\nAnd also it feels again like we've got\nthis Rube Goldberg machine called space\ntime and that's why things look so ugly\nin space time and the mathematics. And\nall of a sudden we're seeing some hint\nyou know, it was a big hint when we went\nfrom Ptolemy to Newton. That's you know,\nall of a sudden the formulas got a lot\nwe're on to something much deeper here\nthan than Ptolemy was on to. And now\nwhen when we go from you know, Feynman\nscattering diagrams to these positive\ngeometries, once again we're getting 400\npages of algebra down to two terms.\nA clear hint that we're on to something\ndeeper beyond space time.\nYeah. No, I\nspace time's a kludge.\nIt's that's I think that's clear. Yeah,\nit's it's it's a it's\nBut what's interesting is that theories\nof consciousness all the main theories\nof consciousness assume otherwise. We\nssume otherwise. We\nstart with space time, we try to figure\nout what physical systems in space time\ncould possibly have the right\nstructure to give rise to consciousness.\nYeah. So, we all we all of our theories\nstart with the kludge\nas the assumption.\nAnd and then try to go from there. So,\nthey're\ndoomed completely doomed to failure.\nYeah. Well, I I mean all all of science\nhas done this before about what? 1970.\nYou talking about the standard model\nsince about 1970?\nWell, no, I'm I'm roughly dating\nroughly dating at least the first things\nI saw from Wheeler with the notion of\nobserver participants in it. Yeah.\nRight right in the 70s, right?\nYeah, he he he saw it. He he knew I\nmean, he wrote the book on space time.\nHe wrote the book on gravity. Yeah.\nMisner, Thorne, and Wheeler.\nThat's that's that is the Bible and he\nso he knew space time and he knew it was\na a kludge. He was looking for something\nentirely beyond. Right. Yeah.\nAnd he was going to call it observer\nparticipants.\nThat's what he called it.\nMay May I ask something? Yeah.\nGo ahead.\nGo ahead, Chris.\n, Chris.\n&gt;&gt; going to say good to see you guys again\nand good to meet you, Robert.\nGood to meet you, Chris. And\nI think we will meet in person in Spain\nif I'm not mistaken in July. Yes,\nhopefully.\nThat sounds very exciting.\nYeah. Um I I I I told them to to invite\nyou specifically.\nThank you.\n&gt;&gt; [laughter]\n&gt;&gt; What what's happening in Spain?\nUh there will be a workshop um organized\nby\nby some people um the Tatiana Foundation\nand and it's a workshop on the known\nunknowns in our fields of interest and\n&gt;&gt; Oh. There will be yeah.\nUm more than one uh um more than one\nfield is fields. Okay. So, Chris fields\n&gt;&gt; why fields is uh\nExcellent. And uh\nAnd uh yeah,\num discuss several things. But Don, I\nwanted to say that\num I think this is the the biggest\nmyopia in consciousness science. And\nI work in Anil Seth's lab. I did my PhD\nwith Giulio Tononi. I did a postdoc with\nDavid Chalmers. I work with Georg\nNorthoff and and the temporal specialty\nI I know\nI know all the people. Yeah. And all of\nthem are sort of either physicalists or\nthey they still think that consciousness\nis something we we you squeeze with\nenough dexterity at the end of a long\ntube that you operationally construct.\nAnd and they don't get they really don't\nget the point that consciousness is the\nstarting point.\nAnd everything else must come\nafterwards. You build everything else\nfrom consciousness, not the other way.\nIt's hard. I know the I know the I know\nthe pain.\nBut could you do you see your\ncon the platonic space as having\nsomething to do with consciousness\nin that sense?\nOr being embedded within it?\nThat's Mike's assets.\n&gt;&gt; Yeah, that's that's him, Mike. Well, um\nYeah, that's that's him, Mike. Well, um\nSo, okay. So, so I'm I'm not\nfundamentally a consciousness\nresearcher. I don't have any strong\nclaims on this yet. Uh and\nbut if I had to say right now, I would\nsay that\nuh I I I don't think that from the point\nof the platonic space formalism that I'm\ninvestigating, I I don't think that we\nare beings that occasionally get visited\nby platonic patterns that are something\nelse. I think I think we are the\npatterns. And I think that these\npatterns are wide range of\nare wide range of\nyou know, static, dynamic, low agency,\nhigh agency things.\nAnd I think what we call consciousness\nis the perspective from the platonic\nspace outwards into So, so what a\npattern from the platonic space\nexperiences when it interacts with the\nphysical world is what we tend to call\nconsciousness. Now, I'm not sure that\nlike I don't think that exhausts all the\npossibilities. I think there are\nprobably lateral interactions within\nthat world. I suspect that when\nmathematicians think about the you know,\nabstract mathematical objects, what\nhappens is you have two there are\nbasically two\ntwo different patterns in resonance\nthere, the human one and the you know,\nwhatever it is that they're studying.\nSo, there may be lateral interactions\nthat don't even require the physical\nworld per se.\nUh but but basically what I think we\nmean when we talk about consciousness is\nwhat it's like to be a platonic pattern\nprojecting into a physical world through\nsome interface. So, that might be you\nknow, the sense organs that we have or\nsomething completely different and so\non.\nSo, the platonic patterns transcend our\nexperiential notion of consciousness.\nI I In the sense that uh\nWell, say say more. What what do you\nmean about that? Well, there's a\nplatonic realm that\nmaybe we shouldn't describe as\nconscious, but but we perceive but a\nhuman perspective on it is we we\nexperience it as consciousness sort of\nlooking at it somehow.\nSo, that's just perspective.\nYeah, I I I think I think I think\nultimately I think some version of\nidealism is probably the the more\naccurate thing. Like I do think that\nconsciousness is fundamental. But but\nbut but I don't know what to do with\nthat on a practical level right now, you\nknow? Like I don't have a way of making\nuse of that in the lab or anything like\nthat. What I see is a way to make\nprogress with a somewhat more dualistic\nversion, which you know,\nI agree that it would be nice to have\nsome kind of simple monism. But but what\nI see right now is that we have\ndifferent but interacting\nrealms so to speak that that and that\nmodel helps us to do new experiments and\nmake new discoveries. So, for now, I you\nknow, I I do think that um the they're\nthey're sort of two two separate things,\nbut ultimately, if I had to guess, I\nwould say that consciousness is is\nprimary.\nUm I don't know how to do that reduction\nright now, so I'm sticking with two\nbecause that's what that's what we can\nwe can handle right now.\n&gt;&gt; Yeah. My my one of our goals is to show\nYeah. My my one of our goals is to show\nthat we can actually get space-time\nspecial and general relativity and\nquantum theory from this theory of\nMarkov chains of consciousness. In which\nin which case then we could inherit all\nthe work that's been done in physics, um\nbut but see it arising from a a\nconsciousness-first\npoint of view. So, that's that's where\nI'm headed.\nUm Yeah. I mean, for us, you know, one\nof the one of the important pieces of\nour research program is to\nunderstand the mapping between the\ninterfaces that we construct, and those\nare anything from sorting algorithms\nthrough cyborgs through xenobots,\nembryos, you know, you name it, like all\nof these stuff. To understand what what\nare the properties of these things that\nfacilitate the ingression of specific\npatterns from the space. Like, so so\nwhat what you know, what what what is it\nabout this thing you've made that pulls\ndown this rather than that? And the and\nthe right then that allows different\ndifferent degrees of and different kinds\nof of mind state to to interact through\nmind state to to interact through\nit. And\nuh also to quantify in so we've got some\nwe've got some wild stuff that's kind of\nuh ripening in the next few months that\nI'd love to run by all of you. We'll\nwe'll all we should all have another\nmeeting so you can see. But we've been\nwe've been trying to quantify\nlike one of the things that I think is\nreally important about this Platonic\nspace thing is that it's not just a\nredescription, you know, and a bunch of\nsort of useless you know, philosophy\nthat you sprinkle on top of things that\nwork perfectly well. It actually makes\nvery new predictions in the sense that\nit suggests that what you're getting\nfrom that space is\nare things that using conventional\ntheories or that we have now of doing\nthe accounting of effort of\ncomputational cost of physical cost,\nthese kinds of things that you get you\nget free lunches or at least heavily\ndiscounted lunches. You get more than\nyou put in. You you know, our our\naccounting isn't adding up everything\nthat you get. We're missing something\nvery significant. And we now have the\nability to quantify\nhow much are we getting how much how\nmuch free [snorts] memory, free compute,\nfree you know, whatever. Um\nUh we can at least in simple uh toy you\nknow, sort of minimal models we can\nquantify that. In biology, you you can\nsee it, but but but it's hard to\nquantify or prove anything. It's just\ntoo complicated. Whereas in these\nminimal models, we can actually quantify\nyou know, what did we get that we didn't\npay for according to the conventional\nway of totaling up effort.\nSo, and and so that's really important\nto find out how much and and what do you\nget? You know, do you just get static\npatterns? Do you get behavioral\npropensities? Do you you know,\nalgorithms? Do you get virtual machines?\nYou know, do you get free compute that\nyou can do in that space? Like that's a\nyou know, kind of a crazy prediction of\nmine that I I think you can actually get\nyou can do compute in that space that\nyou don't pay for in this in this space,\nso to speak.\nSo, that's you know. I've [snorts] been\nlistening to a lot of your podcasts on\nthis and thinking about it and and I\nthink that there's\nconnection with the hidden states in\nthis Markov system. So, that when you if\nwe just see a trace,\nmost of the intelligence is something\nyou don't see.\nAnd so, to the trace observer, that's\nall in a Platonic realm because you\ndon't you literally cannot see it. And\nyet\nwhat you're seeing is entirely a trace\nof that world. So, your your visible\nworld is controlled by this quote\nunquote Platonic space that you cannot\nsee.\nAnd so, that's why I was thinking that's\nwhat\nyour stuff about\nthe planaria, for example. You cut off\nthe head\nand cut off the tail and you can change\nthe the electric fields and and make it\nhave two heads and so forth. I mean,\nit's just\nyou know, how does it know how to do\nthat? Right, where is that state? So,\nI've I've been thinking so, if somehow\nall we're seeing is the planaria in our\ntrace, we're not seeing beyond what we\ncan see. There's a whole Markov realm of\nof intelligence out there that is\nprojecting down into what we can see. Um\nwhich is just a planarian, but so I'm\nreally\nreally left to explore with you guys\nleft to explore with you guys\nyou know, as this formalism matures, how\nwe might use the formalism in concrete\nways to model specific Platonic spaces\nfor specific memories biological\nmemories. Cuz I think this gives us the\ntools, right? The there are the exits,\nthe the dark states, and the entrances.\nAll those tools are part of the Platonic\nspace. And if we learn so,\nwe're new to this ourselves, right? We\ndon't know how to use those tools yet,\nbut to learn how to use those tools to\nmodel specific things, we be able might\nbe able to get that Platonic space not\njust a hand wave, but here is the Markov\nchain, here's the trace, and this is why\nit looks like this Platonic intelligence\nthat's guiding you. But it would be\nmulti-scale.\nRight? The there's going to be\nmulti-scale in the dark space.\nWell, you know what might be really fun\nis so so definitely we should we should\ndo that with some of the biology\nexamples that we have.\nUm in particular, for example, with some\nof the synthetic things that we have so\nso xenobots and you know, neurobots and\nbecause because they raise what I think\nis is perhaps the most interesting part\nof this is, you know, where do the\nuh the goals and properties of novel\nbeings come from where you can't just\npin it on selection, you know, eons of\nselection. Like I guess where they come\nfrom. So, but but but in I would I would\ncomplement that with\nuh which I think would be even\n[clears throat] easier, the study of\nbasically applying these things to some\nof the minimal computational models that\nwe have.\nYes. Right? We have some\nsorting is one and there's going to be a\nbunch of new work on that coming soon.\nUm but we have others. We have some\nreally interesting stuff\nuh that'll come out soon on um giving\nembodiments to various\nvery weird um you know, sources like\nlike a mathematical objects and making a\nrobots that are driven not by\nconventional algorithms and sensors and\nwhatever, but but their entire behavior\nis driven by uh pre you know, sort of\npre-cooked static mathematical constants\nand watching how those kinds of\nmathematical objects and watching how\nthose things end up navigating a world\nand adapt you know, and and what what\ncognitive features they end up having\nand so on. So, I think those things are\nsimple enough that we could I think we\ncould actually we could actually make a\nmake a pretty tight mapping onto what\nonto what you have in terms of states\nand and and things like that.\nInteresting. Interesting.\nInteresting. It may be that when you get\nt may be that when you get\nto into pure mathematics and sort of a\nhidden Platonic realm that's doing\nstuff, you know, like sorting algorithms\nthat are doing other things you didn't\nexpect.\nI'm having my mind stretched to think\nabout how Markov chains could do that.\nThat seems like that might be something\neven\ndeeper somehow. Well, you know what we\ncould that was the other thing I was\nthinking what what would what is totally\ndoable now is to take your system and\napply the tests that we have. So, we so\nwe have a range of\nassays that basically are taken right\nout of the behaviorist handbook cuz the\none thing I think behaviorists got right\nis that they weren't worried about what\nthe what the implementation was. And so,\nit's very easy to apply their tools to\nanything, right? Um so, we could we\ncould actually look for\nhabituation, sensitization, associative\nconditioning, delayed gratification,\npath planning, you know, illusion, you\ncounterfactuals, all this kind of stuff.\nWe could we have assays now that we can\nlook for all that stuff. Yeah. Well, and\nand um\nit's clear to me that we there's always\ngoing to be Markov chains that we can\nbuild to do that. So, it'll be\nlike they're they're universal Turing\nmachines.\nMarkov chains are universal. Yeah. I So,\nI'm not talking about building ones that\ndo it. I'm talking about finding it in\nin simple or random ones that you don't\nthink should be doing it. That's that's\nthe trick. We're we're we're finding\nthis we're finding these capacities in\nvery simple and and no no design, no\nselection. You know, you usually the the\nthree things you think you normally need\nyou need rational design by an by an\nengineer, selection or you know,\nevolution or learning, right? Those are\nthe three things you need. One of those\nthree things you need. We're not doing\nany of that. We we're we're we're\npulling it out of you know, I don't I\ndon't know. You'll you'll judge for\nyourself where where you think we're\nit's coming from. But but but I think we\ncould do that with with you know, random\nrandom\nmatrices or whatever. That's that's\nright. We may be able to find matrices\nwhich um\nwhat we're seeing in the organism is the\ntrace, but but the invisible states are\nhaving a lot of the intelligence that\nthat leads to\nwhat you're seeing. And so, we write\ndown the the matrix that even though the\ntrace you can't see why it's doing that,\nbut it does it. But in the big matrix,\nyou see why it's doing it.\nYeah. I'm going to have to jump off,\nI'm going to have to jump off,\nguys. Great conversation.\nThanks, Chris. Good Chris, always a\npleasure. Yeah. See you. Yeah. Thanks,\nChris.\nGood to see you, Chris.\nI we we have the recording of this.\nUh yes. Yes, it is being recorded. Yep,\nI will I'll send you guys a link. Yeah,\nif if everybody's okay with that, I'll\nput it up on our center channel, but\nregardless, you you can all have a copy\nyou can have a copy of it. That's fine\nwith me. Yeah. Great. Perfectly fine.\nGreat. Yeah. Yeah, I think there's yeah,\nI think there's a ton of stuff to do.\nSo, why don't we, you know, go off and\nand think about some some specific\ndirections and let's let's come back. Um\nI I already have some thoughts, but but\nit'll be even there'll be lots more in a\nfew weeks when\nyou know, when I can send around some\npreprints. I'm having my my students\nwrite these things up and so then\nYeah. I'll send them out.\n&gt;&gt; Very good. And if we maybe then pick a\nparticular simple problem system that we\ncan see what the trace logic might do on\nit and see where we go from there. That\nwould be fun. Yeah, yeah, that'd be\ngreat.\nAnd I think a natural extension of of\nour our formalism like after we we do\nthe the FEP thing is basically try to to\napply all all this stuff to it and and\nsee how how you can get even deeper more\ninteresting things you can say about all\nthis computing intelligence across\nscales in more fine-grained manner than\neven the FEP allows. Yeah.\nYeah. I think I think As we bring you\nthe paper, I would I agree that this\nseemed to be a natural connection with\nwhat you're the project you guys are\ndoing right now. Absolutely. Yeah. Yeah.\nYeah. Good.",
+  "fetched_at": "2026-06-22T04:54:02Z",
+  "source": "yt-dlp-vtt",
+  "clean_segments": [
+    {
+      "start": 0.84,
+      "text": "Okay, so multi-scale logic of collective"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2.7199999999999998,
+      "text": "intelligence"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4.12,
+      "text": "and it's what we call the the recursive"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 6.48,
+      "text": "trace logic. So, we've had the trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 8.08,
+      "text": "logic for couple years, but in the last"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 11.12,
+      "text": "couple months discovered a a recursive"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 14.24,
+      "text": "aspect to it that will lead into the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 15.92,
+      "text": "notion of agency that's that's novel."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 17.92,
+      "text": "So, this is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 18.96,
+      "text": "this is different Chris than the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 20.84,
+      "text": "conscious agent theory. It's a different"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 22.2,
+      "text": "notion of agency that we've had before."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 24.2,
+      "text": "Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 25.56,
+      "text": "So, the big topics I'd like to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 30.44,
+      "text": "Can you guys see me?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 32.32,
+      "text": "Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 33.16,
+      "text": "Okay."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 35.76,
+      "text": "So, so I'm going to talk a little bit"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 37.76,
+      "text": "about um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 39.08,
+      "text": "collective intelligence, our our model"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 40.84,
+      "text": "of collective intelligence, how it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 42.68,
+      "text": "involves coarse graining, which is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 44.76,
+      "text": "important to you guys,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 46.76,
+      "text": "how it involves generative models,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 48.56,
+      "text": "minimizing surprise automatically,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 51.48,
+      "text": "bending problem spaces,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 53.88,
+      "text": "a recursive notion of agency and self,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 57.04,
+      "text": "a new intelligence metric for for agents"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 60.08,
+      "text": "we'll call lambda sub two and and its"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 62.16,
+      "text": "relationship to your measure K,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 64.519,
+      "text": "and then um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 67.08,
+      "text": "how this is all beyond space-time and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 69.04,
+      "text": "and quantum theory and I'll start there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 71.96,
+      "text": "just briefly about why I'm thinking"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 74.08,
+      "text": "entirely outside of space-time and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 75.56,
+      "text": "quantum theory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 77.04,
+      "text": "The idea is that high energy theoretical"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 80.16,
+      "text": "physicists have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 82.24,
+      "text": "are done with space-time. They say it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 84.08,
+      "text": "not fundamental. So, here's Nima"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 85.92,
+      "text": "Arkani-Hamed at the Institute for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 87.24,
+      "text": "Advanced Study."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 88.76,
+      "text": "Space-time is doomed. There's no such"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 90.36,
+      "text": "thing as space-time fundamentally in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 92.84,
+      "text": "actual underlying description of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 94.24,
+      "text": "laws of physics."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 95.72,
+      "text": "And he's he makes it very very clear"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 97.76,
+      "text": "that he's saying you know, space-time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 100.4,
+      "text": "and anything inside space-time and that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 103.0,
+      "text": "includes anything with unitary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 104.92,
+      "text": "evolution. He quantum theory in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 107.24,
+      "text": "particular. So, he's going beyond"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 108.76,
+      "text": "space-time and quantum theory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 110.64,
+      "text": "And it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 113.0,
+      "text": "it's not just him. It's because of his"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 115.2,
+      "text": "success and and his collaborators the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 117.76,
+      "text": "ERC has funded a 10 million euro"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 121.84,
+      "text": "initiative called Universe Plus and it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 124.32,
+      "text": "all about going entirely beyond"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 126.2,
+      "text": "space-time and entirely beyond quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 127.88,
+      "text": "theory. Looking for what they're calling"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 130.52,
+      "text": "positive geometries. And so, there's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 134.04,
+      "text": "over a hundred"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 135.64,
+      "text": "high energy theoretical physicists and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 137.08,
+      "text": "mathematicians now working on this and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 139.8,
+      "text": "they're finding stuff and I can talk a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 141.28,
+      "text": "little bit about how it's related to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 143.12,
+      "text": "what we're finding, but they're finding"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 144.4,
+      "text": "these positive geometries that give you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 146.6,
+      "text": "scattering amplitudes"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 148.68,
+      "text": "without any quantum theory whatsoever."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 151.6,
+      "text": "And you and you get it much more easily"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 153.64,
+      "text": "than"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 154.76,
+      "text": "and more simply than with quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 156.36,
+      "text": "theory. So, it's it's really quite quite"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 158.56,
+      "text": "striking. So, so I'm stepping entirely"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 160.88,
+      "text": "outside of space-time. Yeah. Sorry, just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 163.12,
+      "text": "a quick question."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 164.28,
+      "text": "Maybe maybe naive, but this I just want"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 166.52,
+      "text": "to understand this this idea of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 168.04,
+      "text": "space-time being doomed. So, on on that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 170.44,
+      "text": "view if that were correct, what is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 172.56,
+      "text": "status of let's say general relativity?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 174.96,
+      "text": "What what does it refer to you know, is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 177.04,
+      "text": "it completely to be supplanted like what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 178.92,
+      "text": "what what is that theory about then if"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 181.4,
+      "text": "Right. So, the idea is that the very"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 183.96,
+      "text": "notions of space and time, even the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 186.76,
+      "text": "combination"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 188.08,
+      "text": "of them as space-time is not fundamental"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 191.24,
+      "text": "at all. So, general relativity will go"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 193.92,
+      "text": "the way of all theories. It will be a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 196.24,
+      "text": "you know, like Newton we still use"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 197.44,
+      "text": "Newton for certain cases. We'll still"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 198.76,
+      "text": "use GR for certain cases, but we needed"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 200.92,
+      "text": "much a much deeper theory. Got it. The"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 203.56,
+      "text": "the the hard fact is that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 207.4,
+      "text": "when you bring together GR and quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 210.48,
+      "text": "theory,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 211.64,
+      "text": "you find that space-time has no"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 213.68,
+      "text": "operational meaning"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 215.52,
+      "text": "at the Planck scale. 10 to the minus 33"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 218.08,
+      "text": "centimeters, 10 to the minus 43 seconds."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 219.92,
+      "text": "It simply has no operational meaning."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 222.2,
+      "text": "So, that that means we have to find a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 224.92,
+      "text": "deeper foundation. So, these are only at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 227.8,
+      "text": "best approximation theories."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 230.28,
+      "text": "So, so Don just just to be clear in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 233.4,
+      "text": "in the obviously content vein in which I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 236.04,
+      "text": "I know much of your your your theories,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 238.48,
+      "text": "this is not only dynamiting the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 240.72,
+      "text": "space-time at the empirical level. It's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 242.28,
+      "text": "also"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 243.64,
+      "text": "ejecting it from any transcendental"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 245.76,
+      "text": "style considerations. It's it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 248.4,
+      "text": "it is just a a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 250.8,
+      "text": "until until we have something better is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 252.64,
+      "text": "just the the placeholder, but it will it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 254.64,
+      "text": "will die as a concept in our economy of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 257.48,
+      "text": "thinking even about our experience, let"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 259.72,
+      "text": "alone the empirical physical world."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 261.92,
+      "text": "Absolutely. That's that's the idea that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 264.56,
+      "text": "we thought space and time were the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 265.8,
+      "text": "fundamental nature of reality."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 267.92,
+      "text": "We might have even [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 268.56,
+      "text": "thought they were a priori true or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 269.84,
+      "text": "something, but but that's just wrong."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 272.56,
+      "text": "All right. That's just plain wrong."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 274.64,
+      "text": "And science has a way of forcing us."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 277.36,
+      "text": "Yeah, if I could jump in here just to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 279.44,
+      "text": "add one comment."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 284.0,
+      "text": "if one formulates"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 286.92,
+      "text": "uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 288.32,
+      "text": "basic ideas of quantum theory outside"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 291.04,
+      "text": "space-time completely,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 294.44,
+      "text": "then there many routes to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 298.92,
+      "text": "which are under study by huge numbers of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 301.76,
+      "text": "people again Sure."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 304.0,
+      "text": "for generating space-time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 307.16,
+      "text": "as a consequence"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 309.44,
+      "text": "of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 310.8,
+      "text": "um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 312.16,
+      "text": "basically assumptions about in quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 315.2,
+      "text": "information theory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 317.64,
+      "text": "And also many many routes for generating"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 321.96,
+      "text": "Einstein's equations as either"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 324.8,
+      "text": "approximations or or again outcomes of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 327.72,
+      "text": "other kinds of assumptions."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 329.76,
+      "text": "So, GR turns into"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 333.08,
+      "text": "something like the status that classical"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 336.88,
+      "text": "physics has with respect to quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 340.32,
+      "text": "theory in space-time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 342.72,
+      "text": "Which is a a limiting case, you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 345.52,
+      "text": "something an approximation that's good"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 348.4,
+      "text": "in some circumstances for doing some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 350.72,
+      "text": "things, which which is basically"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 353.8,
+      "text": "how Don just characterized it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 356.56,
+      "text": "So, yeah, there's there's lots and lots"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 358.52,
+      "text": "and lots of physics underlying this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 361.64,
+      "text": "both in the high energy community and in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 364.28,
+      "text": "the quantum information community."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 366.92,
+      "text": "Right. And and what Nima and the ERC"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 369.44,
+      "text": "group are doing is is even going beyond"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 372.52,
+      "text": "that because they're they're saying"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 374.6,
+      "text": "we're not going to even start with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 375.56,
+      "text": "quantum information theory. Anything"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 377.56,
+      "text": "quantum itself is going to arise joined"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 380.83,
+      "text": "tself is going to arise joined"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 380.84,
+      "text": "at the hip with space-time from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 382.72,
+      "text": "something far deeper. So, so they want"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 384.68,
+      "text": "to show quantum information theory and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 386.88,
+      "text": "general relativity arise together from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 390.28,
+      "text": "something that couldn't care less about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 391.6,
+      "text": "unitarity at all."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 393.52,
+      "text": "So, that's that's what they're that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 394.76,
+      "text": "what they're after. So, there is no"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 396.92,
+      "text": "locality and there is no unitarity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 399.36,
+      "text": "period in these new positive geometries."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 402.44,
+      "text": "And they don't care about unitarity and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 404.0,
+      "text": "they show that then quantum information"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 406.24,
+      "text": "theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 407.36,
+      "text": "comes out as a approximation and special"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 409.64,
+      "text": "case at the same time that you get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 411.76,
+      "text": "space-time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 412.96,
+      "text": "So, that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 413.96,
+      "text": "so it's different than the the you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 416.64,
+      "text": "Carlo Rovelli kind of approaches and so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 418.4,
+      "text": "forth."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 419.204,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat and cough]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 420.56,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; So, so and that's the approach they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 422.59,
+      "text": "So, so and that's the approach they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 422.6,
+      "text": "trying to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 422.92,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; should actually say that it contradicts"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 430.16,
+      "text": "most of quantum information theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 431.96,
+      "text": "because quantum information theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 434.56,
+      "text": "actually has nothing to do with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 437.6,
+      "text": "So, the two arising together would be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 441.4,
+      "text": "very unusual."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 443.56,
+      "text": "Well, what what Nima has shown wants to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 445.4,
+      "text": "show is that unitarity and locality"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 447.96,
+      "text": "together arise from these positive"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 450.08,
+      "text": "geometries. And then because you get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 451.92,
+      "text": "unitarity arising from it, then you get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 453.72,
+      "text": "the foundations for quantum information"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 455.36,
+      "text": "theory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 456.36,
+      "text": "So, that but you know, we'll see. You"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 458.56,
+      "text": "know, the proof is what if you can do"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 460.28,
+      "text": "it, right? Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 462.56,
+      "text": "So, yeah, that's I'm just trying to be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 463.96,
+      "text": "clear about where they stand with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 465.52,
+      "text": "respect to current approaches to trying"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 467.68,
+      "text": "to build up As you as as you say Chris,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 470.6,
+      "text": "most of approaches that are trying to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 472.64,
+      "text": "build space-time are starting with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 474.12,
+      "text": "something quantum and these guys are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 475.84,
+      "text": "not. They're saying we're not even"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 477.68,
+      "text": "having quantum. We're starting with what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 479.28,
+      "text": "they just call positive geometries."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 483.48,
+      "text": "So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 484.52,
+      "text": "So, that's just want to make clear how"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 486.28,
+      "text": "how out of the box they're thinking is."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 488.6,
+      "text": "So, John Wheeler of course was trying to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 490.64,
+      "text": "think out of the box and he was saying"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 492.12,
+      "text": "you know, someday this is 1990 in his"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 494.92,
+      "text": "wonderful book on gravity and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 496.28,
+      "text": "space-time. He says someday surely we'll"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 498.68,
+      "text": "find we'll see a principle underlying"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 500.4,
+      "text": "existence is so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 501.76,
+      "text": "simple, so beautiful, so obvious that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 503.88,
+      "text": "we'd all say to each other, oh how could"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 505.64,
+      "text": "it have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 506.72,
+      "text": "all been so blind so long. So, that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 508.88,
+      "text": "what we're looking for. And let's see."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 514.88,
+      "text": "I'm not able to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 516.8,
+      "text": "Can you guys hear me?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 518.4,
+      "text": "We can hear you, yeah, but the slides"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 519.76,
+      "text": "are not advancing. Yeah, let's see."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 526.08,
+      "text": "Okay, well, I guess it now it advanced."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 528.48,
+      "text": "Okay. And he said about the same time in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 531.04,
+      "text": "his famous book"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 532.12,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Don. Sorry, sorry. Ours we're still"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 534.28,
+      "text": "we're still seeing the title slide."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 536.16,
+      "text": "Okay, let me try this again."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 541.36,
+      "text": "We we only saw the the title page so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 543.48,
+      "text": "far."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 545.44,
+      "text": "Okay, I'll go back and try the That's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 547.64,
+      "text": "weird."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 551.64,
+      "text": "So, I'll"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 554.96,
+      "text": "Let's see."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 558.0,
+      "text": "So, I'll go back to share. Sorry about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 560.04,
+      "text": "that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 561.04,
+      "text": "No problem."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 581.28,
+      "text": "Hm."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 595.88,
+      "text": "That's weird. Let's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 598.88,
+      "text": "Can you can you see that?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 601.52,
+      "text": "We can, but it's still in um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 604.6,
+      "text": "no problem."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 606.92,
+      "text": "Yep."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 609.96,
+      "text": "Yeah, there we Okay. Okay, so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 613.8,
+      "text": "Right. So, Wheeler suggested that you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 616.96,
+      "text": "know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 617.88,
+      "text": "the note struck out on the piano by the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 619.48,
+      "text": "observer participants of all places and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 621.52,
+      "text": "all times bits of the are in and of by"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 624.08,
+      "text": "themselves constitute the great white"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 625.76,
+      "text": "world of space and time and things. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 627.6,
+      "text": "he was trying to start with what he"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 630.16,
+      "text": "calls observer participants. And he"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 632.2,
+      "text": "thought that maybe somehow that was in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 633.76,
+      "text": "his it from bit paper 1989."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 636.48,
+      "text": "And he actually in his paper cited work"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 638.72,
+      "text": "that Shayton and I were doing our book"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 640.64,
+      "text": "observer mechanics. So, he was already"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 642.04,
+      "text": "thinking about the stuff we were doing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 643.92,
+      "text": "with observers and participants back"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 645.48,
+      "text": "there back then."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 647.52,
+      "text": "So, what's a minimal observer"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 649.36,
+      "text": "participant? I'm going to have we're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 651.88,
+      "text": "going to start with just the absolute"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 653.76,
+      "text": "bare basics. They have experiences like"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 656.8,
+      "text": "smell of garlic, taste of mint. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 659.44,
+      "text": "these experiences can change. That's all"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 661.28,
+      "text": "I'm going to assume. That's the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 662.4,
+      "text": "foundation of everything. So, my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 665.2,
+      "text": "ontology is there are experiences"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 668.36,
+      "text": "and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 669.76,
+      "text": "they can change."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 671.48,
+      "text": "So, for example,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 673.2,
+      "text": "maybe I have four experiences. A very"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 675.4,
+      "text": "very simple observer red, green, blue"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 678.64,
+      "text": "I'll call that yellow."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 680.28,
+      "text": "And they change."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 681.68,
+      "text": "So, now I'm seeing yellow. Now I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 684.76,
+      "text": "seeing green. Now I'm seeing blue and so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 687.24,
+      "text": "forth. They keep changing."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 693.8,
+      "text": "A simple in fact the simplest and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 696.12,
+      "text": "most general way of talking about that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 697.6,
+      "text": "is just to talk about Markov chains. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 700.24,
+      "text": "the Markov matrix there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 702.68,
+      "text": "the first row has you know that means if"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 704.64,
+      "text": "I see red now what's probably I'll see"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 706.44,
+      "text": "red next. The point three is if I see"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 709.0,
+      "text": "red now it's a three tenths chance that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 711.79,
+      "text": "ow it's a three tenths chance that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 711.8,
+      "text": "I'll get uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 713.28,
+      "text": "a 30% chance I'll get green next and so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 715.6,
+      "text": "forth. That's just So, it's just a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 718.44,
+      "text": "transition matrix probability of seeing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 721.16,
+      "text": "the next color given that I'm seeing the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 723.16,
+      "text": "current color. So, that's all Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 725.12,
+      "text": "chains are there are these matrices of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 726.4,
+      "text": "course a lot of complications come out"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 728.32,
+      "text": "of that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 729.32,
+      "text": "And one"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 730.88,
+      "text": "aspect [clears throat] of Markov chains"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 732.24,
+      "text": "is that they immediately estab-"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 734.6,
+      "text": "instantiate a very interesting kind of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 736.52,
+      "text": "goal directed behavior. No matter how"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 738.68,
+      "text": "you what what state you start the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 740.96,
+      "text": "chain in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 742.12,
+      "text": "it has a target stationary measure. In"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 744.8,
+      "text": "this case it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 746.08,
+      "text": "uh the thing on the left point three"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 747.16,
+      "text": "three point three zero point one six"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 750.0,
+      "text": "No matter what state you start this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 752.68,
+      "text": "matrix in it is going to go eventually"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 756.04,
+      "text": "to that state."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 757.52,
+      "text": "So, and you can perturb it as much as"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 760.24,
+      "text": "you want. It will resist the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 762.64,
+      "text": "perturbation and head back to that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 765.56,
+      "text": "target state. So, already we have in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 768.44,
+      "text": "very structure of this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 770.72,
+      "text": "a goal directed behavior."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 774.0,
+      "text": "So, and as as you guys in your papers"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 776.36,
+      "text": "talk about you know William James"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 778.08,
+      "text": "mentions that intelligence is having you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 780.52,
+      "text": "know achieving a fixed goal with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 782.0,
+      "text": "variable means of achieving it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 785.04,
+      "text": "So, that's the stationary measure"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 787.44,
+      "text": "and if you all have an ergodic Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 789.44,
+      "text": "chain then you will have a stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 791.839,
+      "text": "measure."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 793.839,
+      "text": "Now, the idea is I want to have multi"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 796.32,
+      "text": "scale"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 798.16,
+      "text": "collective intelligence and so we need a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 799.839,
+      "text": "notion of scale. So, I'm just going to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 801.28,
+      "text": "take an observer that sees a subset of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 803.88,
+      "text": "the states that this So, the first"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 805.839,
+      "text": "observer I was talking about has four"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 807.64,
+      "text": "colors it can see. Let's consider one"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 809.44,
+      "text": "that has only two. So, that's my notion"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 811.44,
+      "text": "of scale. How many you know the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 813.28,
+      "text": "subset relationship among the number of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 815.12,
+      "text": "experiences that you have."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 817.28,
+      "text": "Now, so here's the the key idea of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 819.8,
+      "text": "everything we're going to be doing now."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 821.36,
+      "text": "Suppose I take the matrix on the right"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 824.04,
+      "text": "as describing quote unquote"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 827.56,
+      "text": "the reality. This is what's happening."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 830.48,
+      "text": "And but and those are the transitions."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 832.839,
+      "text": "But this observer on the left only sees"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 835.96,
+      "text": "two red and green."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 837.96,
+      "text": "What transition probabilities is it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 839.88,
+      "text": "going to see?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 841.28,
+      "text": "Right, there's there should be a formula"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 843.48,
+      "text": "given the the matrix on the right there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 845.52,
+      "text": "should be some kind of computation we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 847.48,
+      "text": "can do to give us a two by two matrix"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 850.24,
+      "text": "for the transitions on the left of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 853.32,
+      "text": "just in red and green. Does that idea"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 854.959,
+      "text": "make sense?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 856.64,
+      "text": "Yep. Okay, good."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 859.52,
+      "text": "when you do the mathematics it turns out"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 861.04,
+      "text": "that's the matrix. It's So, you get this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 862.92,
+      "text": "very two by two matrix. Notice that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 865.28,
+      "text": "numbers are completely different from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 866.64,
+      "text": "this matrix, right? There's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 868.52,
+      "text": "it's not you're not just copying. It's a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 869.88,
+      "text": "computation that you have to do."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 871.8,
+      "text": "And so here are the two matrices you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 874.32,
+      "text": "know the one on the right is the big"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 875.88,
+      "text": "matrix and if you just restrict"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 878.04,
+      "text": "attention to the red and green then you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 880.36,
+      "text": "get the matrix on the left induced by"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 882.72,
+      "text": "the matrix on the right. And this is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 884.6,
+      "text": "called the trace. So, the matrix on the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 886.76,
+      "text": "left is called the trace of the matrix"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 890.8,
+      "text": "on the right. That's just standard in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 893.12,
+      "text": "Markov theory that's been around for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 894.92,
+      "text": "more than half half a century. So, this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 897.0,
+      "text": "is not new to me or to us."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 900.2,
+      "text": "Now,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 901.839,
+      "text": "this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 903.52,
+      "text": "you can actually the trace formula is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 905.68,
+      "text": "important. I'm going to go through it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 906.76,
+      "text": "because it has an important conceptual"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 908.24,
+      "text": "thing for us."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 909.4,
+      "text": "So, the way you compute the trace. So, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 910.8,
+      "text": "got I'm going to take this matrix. I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 912.48,
+      "text": "want to I'll call it matrix P"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 915.32,
+      "text": "and I want to you know get its trace on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 917.36,
+      "text": "the red and green. So, first I'll just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 919.28,
+      "text": "notice that we can take this matrix and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 921.32,
+      "text": "divide it into four submatrices."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 925.0,
+      "text": "Um there's a two by two matrix you know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 927.4,
+      "text": "that has point two point three point"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 928.92,
+      "text": "five point two. That's for the red and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 930.4,
+      "text": "green and so forth. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 932.88,
+      "text": "that we'll call matrix A. So, that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 935.12,
+      "text": "going to be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 936.44,
+      "text": "the states that are visible"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 938.76,
+      "text": "to the trace observer, right? So, A"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 941.72,
+      "text": "is the the submatrix based on the states"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 945.04,
+      "text": "that are going to be visible to the sub"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 947.16,
+      "text": "observer."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 948.56,
+      "text": "C is the submatrix um relating states"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 953.32,
+      "text": "that are dark to this new observer. It"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 956.04,
+      "text": "doesn't see this. So, this is all"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 957.56,
+      "text": "dynamics that's dark to it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 960.44,
+      "text": "Okay?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 962.079,
+      "text": "B"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 963.52,
+      "text": "is the matrix that is the exit. This is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 967.28,
+      "text": "the exits from what you can see"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 969.76,
+      "text": "to to the dark region. So, B is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 972.76,
+      "text": "exits and D is the re-entrance. This is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 977.04,
+      "text": "getting from the invisible world into"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 979.28,
+      "text": "the visible world."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 980.92,
+      "text": "So, those are the submatrices that we're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 983.28,
+      "text": "going to be using and here is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 985.6,
+      "text": "formula."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 986.64,
+      "text": "This works universally."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 988.68,
+      "text": "The trace So, the trace matrix on A"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 992.2,
+      "text": "which is you know the visible states is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 994.2,
+      "text": "you just take the original matrix A. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 996.16,
+      "text": "point two point three point five point"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 997.88,
+      "text": "two."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 998.92,
+      "text": "And you add this interesting thing on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1001.839,
+      "text": "the right. That I is the identity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1004.2,
+      "text": "matrix."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1005.8,
+      "text": "So, you take the identity matrix minus"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1008.12,
+      "text": "the dark matrix. So, I minus C is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1011.24,
+      "text": "identity minus the dark matrix. And you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1013.839,
+      "text": "take its inverse."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1016.24,
+      "text": "That has the effect of being able to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1018.0,
+      "text": "explore all possible paths. There's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1019.839,
+      "text": "infinite number of paths through C that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1022.0,
+      "text": "you could take."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1023.16,
+      "text": "So, you allow I minus C quantity inverse"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1026.079,
+      "text": "is exploring the infinite number of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1027.8,
+      "text": "paths there and then you pre multiply by"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1030.64,
+      "text": "the exits and post multiply by the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1033.28,
+      "text": "entrances."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1034.48,
+      "text": "And you add that all up and that's your"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1035.679,
+      "text": "trace. So, that's the idea."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1038.0,
+      "text": "You're basically"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1039.88,
+      "text": "you get the trace by looking at all the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1041.839,
+      "text": "ways that you can go outside of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1043.32,
+      "text": "trace and then coming back into the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1045.199,
+      "text": "trace."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1046.189,
+      "text": "."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1046.199,
+      "text": "The trace states, okay? That's the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1048.079,
+      "text": "general formula."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1049.4,
+      "text": "So, that's been around again that's not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1050.92,
+      "text": "us. That's been around for a long time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1053.12,
+      "text": "So, you have hidden memories"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1055.88,
+      "text": "and controls. B, C, and D are going to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1058.0,
+      "text": "be hidden layers of control that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1060.96,
+      "text": "that the agent A cannot see but will be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1065.48,
+      "text": "influencing their behavior."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1067.56,
+      "text": "So, that's going to be an interesting"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1068.84,
+      "text": "hidden memory kinds of possibilities now"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1071.4,
+      "text": "with B, C, and D. So, there's explicit"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1074.84,
+      "text": "memory changes when you change A"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1076.24,
+      "text": "directly"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1077.52,
+      "text": "but then there's going to be hidden."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1080.52,
+      "text": "Just just one second to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1083.36,
+      "text": "Can you please go back? In in this B, C,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1085.72,
+      "text": "D so the the exits, the entrances, and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1088.8,
+      "text": "the invisible. Is there any particular"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1090.8,
+      "text": "mapping to memory or control or is it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1092.679,
+      "text": "more of a blanket category you're using"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1094.6,
+      "text": "hidden memory or controls? Like is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1097.08,
+      "text": "memory for example C the dynamics hidden"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1099.28,
+      "text": "dynamics in C?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1100.84,
+      "text": "Or that's or what's the control here? I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1103.72,
+      "text": "suspect the exits and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1105.52,
+      "text": "entrances would be more like control."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1107.52,
+      "text": "Well, it it looks"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1109.159,
+      "text": "it turns out that you if you there's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1110.919,
+      "text": "different ways to control. You can screw"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1112.88,
+      "text": "around with B. You can screw around with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1115.4,
+      "text": "C, screw around with D, or all of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1117.8,
+      "text": "above in any combination you want. All"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1119.919,
+      "text": "of them together give you different ways"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1122.6,
+      "text": "of controlling. So, it's really quite"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1124.24,
+      "text": "fascinating the possibilities here."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1126.76,
+      "text": "I'm going to go. Thanks."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1129.4,
+      "text": "So, all of that is old. Here's the new"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1131.88,
+      "text": "stuff. We discovered just a couple years"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1133.56,
+      "text": "ago that the trace relationship gives"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1137.0,
+      "text": "you a partial order on all Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1139.28,
+      "text": "chains."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1140.56,
+      "text": "That was the discovery."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1142.2,
+      "text": "And that's what sort of launched this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1143.36,
+      "text": "whole thing. So, it's a partial order"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1145.52,
+      "text": "which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1146.36,
+      "text": "which means that there is a logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1148.99,
+      "text": "means that there is a logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1149.0,
+      "text": "So, the so so the definition is that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1153.2,
+      "text": "a matrix M"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1155.08,
+      "text": "is less than or equal to a matrix N in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1157.2,
+      "text": "the trace order if and only if M is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1159.4,
+      "text": "trace of N. That's it. One trivial"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1162.28,
+      "text": "definition but no one saw it before."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1165.0,
+      "text": "It turns out that that definition gives"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1167.24,
+      "text": "you a multi scale logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1169.64,
+      "text": "of minimal surprise."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1171.84,
+      "text": "And the reason it's minimal surprise is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1173.72,
+      "text": "because the trace is the zero surprise"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1178.4,
+      "text": "view"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1179.6,
+      "text": "of the bigger matrix."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1182.28,
+      "text": "That's the key idea."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1184.56,
+      "text": "It is the zero surprise"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1187.679,
+      "text": "subset matrix view."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1190.84,
+      "text": "And the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1193.08,
+      "text": "We'll talk about the stationary measures"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1194.6,
+      "text": "as well. The stationary measure is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1197.32,
+      "text": "identical to the it is a normalized"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1199.92,
+      "text": "restriction of the original stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1203.32,
+      "text": "So, you have minimal surprise in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1205.08,
+      "text": "dynamics in fact zero surprise in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1207.76,
+      "text": "dynamics and in this in in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1210.51,
+      "text": "and in this in in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1210.52,
+      "text": "stationary measure again zero surprise."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1213.36,
+      "text": "So, the trace logic is the logic of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1217.52,
+      "text": "minimal surprise for arbitrary dynamical"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1220.48,
+      "text": "systems."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1222.24,
+      "text": "So, that's the power of this because"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1224.76,
+      "text": "we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1225.72,
+      "text": "minimizing surprise is of course"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1228.0,
+      "text": "key to intelligence a key to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1230.56,
+      "text": "intelligence. But this is multi-scale."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1232.96,
+      "text": "So, this is the multi-scale logic of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1234.8,
+      "text": "minimal surprise."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1238.12,
+      "text": "what about this trace logic? The set of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1240.28,
+      "text": "all Markov chains form a non-Boolean"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1242.6,
+      "text": "logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1243.76,
+      "text": "under the trace order. It's it's it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1245.36,
+      "text": "non-Boolean."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1248.56,
+      "text": "that means that there's no global top,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1250.36,
+      "text": "there's no global negation, there's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1252.76,
+      "text": "many matrices do not have meets and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1254.8,
+      "text": "joints or hands and ors."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1257.2,
+      "text": "However, so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1259.0,
+      "text": "it does have a notion of meet, join,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1260.8,
+      "text": "not, and entails generally, but many"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1263.84,
+      "text": "matrices are not compatible. So, they"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1265.8,
+      "text": "may or may not have meets and joints."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1267.64,
+      "text": "So, it's a very very complex logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1270.92,
+      "text": "However, if you take any particular"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1272.44,
+      "text": "Markov chain P"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1274.48,
+      "text": "and you look at all of its traces"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1276.48,
+      "text": "they form a Boolean sub-logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1278.72,
+      "text": "So, I can pick any Markov chain I want"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1280.92,
+      "text": "to anyone at random, look at all of its"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1282.92,
+      "text": "traces all those Markov matrices"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1286.56,
+      "text": "together form a Boolean logic. So, the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1288.44,
+      "text": "notion of and or not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1290.4,
+      "text": "um are completely well defined."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1295.32,
+      "text": "And this Boolean logic has two to the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1297.16,
+      "text": "end members. If there's n experiences"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1300.08,
+      "text": "then there are two two to the end"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1301.92,
+      "text": "members in this Boolean logic and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1303.8,
+      "text": "traces."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1306.8,
+      "text": "so that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1308.16,
+      "text": "if you think about it all we've got"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1309.32,
+      "text": "right now are we don't have agency yet."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1311.4,
+      "text": "Although you I showed you that that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1313.4,
+      "text": "notion of goal-directed behavior which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1316.56,
+      "text": "is sort of like a a proto agency kind of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1319.16,
+      "text": "thing. Already these matrices are going"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1321.24,
+      "text": "toward their stationary measure no"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1322.6,
+      "text": "matter how you perturb them. So, already"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1324.72,
+      "text": "there is this interesting notion of of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1327.0,
+      "text": "some kind of agency going on there."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1329.96,
+      "text": "But now here's the key idea."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1333.64,
+      "text": "Here's the and this this is only now two"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1335.6,
+      "text": "months old this idea. And that's why"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1337.24,
+      "text": "this when I had this idea I realized"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1338.84,
+      "text": "that it was time to talk with you guys."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1341.64,
+      "text": "Once we have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1343.36,
+      "text": "the trace logic I've talked about is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1345.52,
+      "text": "logic on observer windows."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1348.2,
+      "text": "So, it's the the the space an infinite"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1350.679,
+      "text": "space of all possible observer windows."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1352.76,
+      "text": "There's this minimal surprise logic on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1354.92,
+      "text": "all of it the trace logic cleanly well"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1356.96,
+      "text": "defined."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1359.48,
+      "text": "how do I want to do model agency? And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1361.72,
+      "text": "this is this is the new idea just in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1363.4,
+      "text": "last few weeks."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1365.64,
+      "text": "Agency is a matter of changing which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1369.08,
+      "text": "window I want to look through."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1372.6,
+      "text": "I want to have a policy"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1374.64,
+      "text": "for how if I'm looking at the world this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1377.28,
+      "text": "way then how do I want to look at the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1379.24,
+      "text": "world next?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1380.96,
+      "text": "And how do I do that? Well, another"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1383.2,
+      "text": "Markov chain. The Markov kernel will say"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1386.72,
+      "text": "what's the probability if if this is my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1388.32,
+      "text": "current window that my next current"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1390.32,
+      "text": "window will be such and such. The way"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1392.12,
+      "text": "you write that down is again a Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1394.44,
+      "text": "matrix. So, what we have is a policy"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1399.36,
+      "text": "is a Markov matrix on the trace logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1401.92,
+      "text": "itself. So, the trace logic is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1404.88,
+      "text": "entire logic of minimal surprise on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1408.84,
+      "text": "possible conscious observers."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1410.96,
+      "text": "That's what it is. And the first step of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1413.679,
+      "text": "agency is to say let's crawl along the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1416.8,
+      "text": "trace logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1418.64,
+      "text": "That's the first baby step in agency."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1422.48,
+      "text": "The first ability to crawl along"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1425.88,
+      "text": "the trace logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1427.64,
+      "text": "Now, if we look at the collection of all"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1430.0,
+      "text": "I'll call those Markov kernels policies."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1432.52,
+      "text": "Each Markov kernel is a policy. It's a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1434.72,
+      "text": "it's a first order of agency."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1437.08,
+      "text": "And since they're Markov matrices"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1441.2,
+      "text": "they satisfy their own trace logic. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1444.24,
+      "text": "we now have a trace we have the first"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1447.4,
+      "text": "trace logic of observer windows. Now, we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1450.48,
+      "text": "start crawling on that trace logic of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1452.16,
+      "text": "observer windows. That's our first layer"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1454.8,
+      "text": "of agency."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1456.32,
+      "text": "It has its own trace logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1459.08,
+      "text": "That's its own So, let's one call this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1461.32,
+      "text": "recursive trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1463.08,
+      "text": "um logic. It's recursive now."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1465.56,
+      "text": "And you can see we can do this ad"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1466.88,
+      "text": "infinitum. Once we have the trace logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1469.84,
+      "text": "of policies, I can now crawl on it and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1472.84,
+      "text": "get meta policies. And so, I can take"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1475.2,
+      "text": "agency to whatever layer of complexity I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1478.16,
+      "text": "want. We can start with the baby layer."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1480.48,
+      "text": "We can start with just the observer"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1481.64,
+      "text": "windows and explore those then study"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1483.6,
+      "text": "policies and then meta policies and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1485.84,
+      "text": "build up recursively to ever um deeper"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1489.679,
+      "text": "notions of agency."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1492.36,
+      "text": "So, just at top level we can think of at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1495.24,
+      "text": "the a policy is simply a path through"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1498.08,
+      "text": "the trace logic of observer windows."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1499.92,
+      "text": "That's that's the simplest case, right?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1501.8,
+      "text": "So, I had I started off with a a three"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1505.24,
+      "text": "um state window and maybe I move to a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1507.8,
+      "text": "two-state window and then I move to a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1509.2,
+      "text": "one-state window and that was what my my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1511.04,
+      "text": "policy was. And so, I've got a Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1512.6,
+      "text": "kernel that does that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1514.2,
+      "text": "Um and then a meta policy would say I've"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1516.4,
+      "text": "got thousands of thousands of policies."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1518.8,
+      "text": "I now have the flexibility to choose my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1520.96,
+      "text": "policies based on whatever goals I might"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1523.36,
+      "text": "have."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1527.24,
+      "text": "policies can model attention shifts,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1530.16,
+      "text": "scale shifts, reparameterizations."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1533.16,
+      "text": "It can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1534.44,
+      "text": "um maybe describe a subsystem that I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1536.28,
+      "text": "think is now driving um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1538.24,
+      "text": "my future"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1539.92,
+      "text": "decisions my policies."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1542.48,
+      "text": "So, the recursive trace logic is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1544.16,
+      "text": "collection of all policies"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1546.12,
+      "text": "with their trace logics and and then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1548.92,
+      "text": "recurse recurse recurse again. So, uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1551.44,
+      "text": "it's a whole hierarchy of trace logics."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1554.6,
+      "text": "Each trace logic itself is infinite."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1557.44,
+      "text": "So, we have a choice of policy, meta"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1558.96,
+      "text": "policy, meta meta policy, and so forth."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1563.32,
+      "text": "So, [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1564.84,
+      "text": "so we've talked about stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1566.2,
+      "text": "measures"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1568.24,
+      "text": "um and you know, they're sort of a a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1569.96,
+      "text": "minimal kind of notion of goal-directed"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1571.8,
+      "text": "behavior."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1574.56,
+      "text": "we can write down a a simple"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1577.16,
+      "text": "intelligence metric um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1580.08,
+      "text": "based on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1583.2,
+      "text": "Markov chains."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1585.773,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1586.48,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; So, it turns out that for any"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1589.51,
+      "text": "So, it turns out that for any"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1589.52,
+      "text": "probability measure pi"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1591.88,
+      "text": "there are many Markov chains for which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1594.24,
+      "text": "pi is a stationary measure."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1596.72,
+      "text": "Okay? So, if you specify a a stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1599.36,
+      "text": "measure um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1600.92,
+      "text": "and you ask what what is the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1602.6,
+      "text": "chain that has a stationary measure?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1603.92,
+      "text": "That's the wrong question. There's an"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1605.28,
+      "text": "infinite class of Markov chains that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1607.32,
+      "text": "will have that stationary measure and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1608.8,
+      "text": "they vary in very interesting ways. They"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1612.12,
+      "text": "for for one, they have different rates"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1614.84,
+      "text": "of convergence."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1616.48,
+      "text": "So, some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1617.76,
+      "text": "some will have this goal-directed"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1619.44,
+      "text": "behavior where they're going almost"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1621.0,
+      "text": "immediately to the goal. No matter where"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1623.2,
+      "text": "you start them, they will go almost in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1625.16,
+      "text": "in just a couple steps to the goal and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1627.32,
+      "text": "others will converge very very slowly."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1629.48,
+      "text": "So, we get to choose in in the trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1632.0,
+      "text": "logic we can choose how quickly we want"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1635.8,
+      "text": "to converge to our goal."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1638.2,
+      "text": "Right? So, this is very going to be very"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1639.44,
+      "text": "interesting because search efficiency is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1640.88,
+      "text": "of course your measure K is is is a a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1644.12,
+      "text": "model of intelligence. So, we have a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1645.84,
+      "text": "dial here that we can dial the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1648.88,
+      "text": "intelligence. And it may be that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1651.4,
+      "text": "you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1652.28,
+      "text": "you might be have high intelligence with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1654.24,
+      "text": "respect to a goal, but there may be some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1655.679,
+      "text": "sub-goals. It turns out that if you if"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1658.2,
+      "text": "you go quickly to your this this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1662.24,
+      "text": "stationary measure, you may not do other"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1664.2,
+      "text": "things intelligently. So, we're going to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1665.6,
+      "text": "be careful which Markov chain we choose"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1668.2,
+      "text": "depending on what what goals we're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1670.24,
+      "text": "trying to get to. So, there are many"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1672.12,
+      "text": "goals that you can get and I want to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1673.84,
+      "text": "talk about that and its possibilities."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1676.64,
+      "text": "So, there's differing rates of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1677.76,
+      "text": "convergence and the convergence rate is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1680.84,
+      "text": "dominated by lambda two lambda sub two"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1684.32,
+      "text": "which is the largest eigenvalue of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1686.44,
+      "text": "Markov matrix. You take the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1688.08,
+      "text": "matrix and do its eigenvalue analysis."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1691.0,
+      "text": "The the largest eigenvalue has value"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1693.48,
+      "text": "eigenvalue has value one."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1695.52,
+      "text": "Um the but then you find the largest"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1698.16,
+      "text": "eigenvalue that's less than one and that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1700.64,
+      "text": "gives you that that pretty much tells"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1702.2,
+      "text": "you the rate of convergence for um that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1704.88,
+      "text": "particular Markov chain. So, there are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1707.24,
+      "text": "Markov chains with different lambda twos"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1709.679,
+      "text": "that all have the same stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1712.08,
+      "text": "measure and so they converge to it at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1714.2,
+      "text": "different rates."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1716.72,
+      "text": "so, there is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1718.08,
+      "text": "then a connection between this Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1721.12,
+      "text": "notion of intelligence which is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1723.2,
+      "text": "lambda two convergence and and your your"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1725.96,
+      "text": "your metric which is K. And the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1728.2,
+      "text": "relationship is just a simple um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1730.0,
+      "text": "equation."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1732.24,
+      "text": "where"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1733.52,
+      "text": "T sub M would be um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1736.679,
+      "text": "your would be our lambda essentially our"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1739.12,
+      "text": "lambda two the rate of convergence. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1741.0,
+      "text": "T blind would be say, you know, just a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1743.12,
+      "text": "random walk that does not that's not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1745.48,
+      "text": "smart."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1747.64,
+      "text": "Right. So, so there is a deep"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1749.159,
+      "text": "connection."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1750.8,
+      "text": "But now here here's a a little tricks."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1755.36,
+      "text": "We we want to have um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1758.96,
+      "text": "what as you guys talk about you talk"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1760.159,
+      "text": "about different layers. It's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1761.76,
+      "text": "hierarchical and higher layers can bend"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1764.52,
+      "text": "the the the geometry of the problem"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1767.6,
+      "text": "space for lower layers. And so, how do"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1770.64,
+      "text": "you model model that with Markov chains?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1773.32,
+      "text": "Well, it turns out um there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1776.24,
+      "text": "you can have lots of different so-called"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1778.32,
+      "text": "community structures. So, again for any"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1782.28,
+      "text": "stationary measure pi there are an"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1783.919,
+      "text": "infinite number of Markov chains that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1785.04,
+      "text": "have pi stationary, but that have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1787.72,
+      "text": "differing community structures."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1790.56,
+      "text": "So now community structure is roughly is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1793.28,
+      "text": "like is like you probably know but about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1795.44,
+      "text": "it, but I'll just say briefly. You could"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1797.28,
+      "text": "have you know thousands of thousands of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1798.84,
+      "text": "states in this Markov chain, maybe a few"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1801.08,
+      "text": "hundred are tightly connected over here,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1803.08,
+      "text": "a few hundred are tightly connected over"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1804.64,
+      "text": "there. There's just a few cross links."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1807.04,
+      "text": "So the whole thing is ergodic, but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1809.28,
+      "text": "basically you you might have like 10"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1811.6,
+      "text": "communities that are tightly knit."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1814.44,
+      "text": "Now within each of those communities,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1816.64,
+      "text": "maybe my hundred state community, if I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1820.2,
+      "text": "look at it more closely, it itself is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1822.32,
+      "text": "composed of maybe"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1825.64,
+      "text": "three new sub communities. In other"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1828.72,
+      "text": "words, you can have an infinite number"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1830.48,
+      "text": "of communities, sub communities, sub"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1832.68,
+      "text": "communities all the way down"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1834.88,
+      "text": "as far as you want. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1837.16,
+      "text": "and all having the same stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1839.24,
+      "text": "measure. So what this gives us is you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1841.6,
+      "text": "might have one big goal, reach the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1843.16,
+      "text": "stationary measure, but you could have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1845.12,
+      "text": "subgoals, which community. The way you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1847.76,
+      "text": "get there is the different communities"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1850.08,
+      "text": "that you might emphasize as you go down."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1852.6,
+      "text": "So it gives you this multi-scale"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1854.24,
+      "text": "flexibility."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1856.32,
+      "text": "And and the community structure turns"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1857.68,
+      "text": "out mathematically is dictated by the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1859.92,
+      "text": "eigenvectors when you do the you know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1862.32,
+      "text": "analysis of the matrix again."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1864.72,
+      "text": "The eigenvectors with eigenvalues close"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1866.24,
+      "text": "to one because they involve slow mixing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1869.16,
+      "text": "between communities. So the communities"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1870.8,
+      "text": "themselves"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1872.08,
+      "text": "mix inside themselves, but they don't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1874.0,
+      "text": "mix between the communities very much."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1877.68,
+      "text": "So"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1881.44,
+      "text": "we have state we can have policies then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1884.28,
+      "text": "that are trying to you know focus on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1887.4,
+      "text": "stationary measures, community"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1888.72,
+      "text": "structures, convergence rates,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1890.84,
+      "text": "uh particular dynamical models, and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1892.76,
+      "text": "so forth. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1895.08,
+      "text": "So policies can be looking at all these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1897.24,
+      "text": "things and and trying to optimize. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1899.8,
+      "text": "then the meta policies can explore"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1901.56,
+      "text": "different policies. We can have meta"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1903.08,
+      "text": "policies and meta meta policies"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1905.04,
+      "text": "exploring at different rates. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1907.72,
+      "text": "So this starts to give us a recursive"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1909.68,
+      "text": "notion of agency. And in some sense, the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1912.16,
+      "text": "reason I'm bringing this up is here is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1914.52,
+      "text": "framework of mathematical tools that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1917.56,
+      "text": "give that that's incredibly simple."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1919.6,
+      "text": "There's one definition, the trace."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1923.16,
+      "text": "That's the only mathematics there. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1924.96,
+      "text": "then there's one observation, the trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1927.679,
+      "text": "logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1929.04,
+      "text": "And then the third observation is it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1931.48,
+      "text": "recursive. That's it. And then all the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1933.8,
+      "text": "tool that's it and all the tools are at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1936.36,
+      "text": "your disposal."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1938.24,
+      "text": "So meta policies can explore different"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1940.32,
+      "text": "policies. And the deeper the recursion"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1942.84,
+      "text": "that we go"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1944.28,
+      "text": "in terms of making deeper and deeper"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1945.92,
+      "text": "trace logics, we get deeper and deeper"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1948.52,
+      "text": "notions of agency. So we can actually"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1950.28,
+      "text": "explore just policies for our simplest"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1953.12,
+      "text": "notion of agency and then go to meta"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1955.44,
+      "text": "policies"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1957.28,
+      "text": "to discover you know deeper notions of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1959.32,
+      "text": "agency and so forth. So we can take it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1961.84,
+      "text": "one step at a baby step at a time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1966.76,
+      "text": "Now in terms of how does this relate to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1968.32,
+      "text": "notions of Markov blankets"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1970.84,
+      "text": "and the self versus the world? Um Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1974.04,
+      "text": "blankets [clears throat] as you will"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1974.76,
+      "text": "know are are strictly speaking defined"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1977.56,
+      "text": "for directed acyclic graphs. And there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1980.12,
+      "text": "you know they they define a boundary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1982.04,
+      "text": "between self and the world."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1985.8,
+      "text": "And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1988.2,
+      "text": "I want to upgrade these notions to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1989.96,
+      "text": "Markov chains. Right? So and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1992.36,
+      "text": "the idea of the upgrade is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1994.72,
+      "text": "um Markov chains are graphs,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1997.88,
+      "text": "but they're not acyclic. They they allow"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 1999.8,
+      "text": "cycles. So this is one upgrade. We we're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2002.52,
+      "text": "upgrading from acyclic graphs to cyclic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2004.8,
+      "text": "graphs. And then we're upgrading to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2007.36,
+      "text": "labeled cyclic graphs,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2009.84,
+      "text": "namely labeled by the transition"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2011.6,
+      "text": "probabilities. So that's that's what I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2013.16,
+      "text": "mean by upgrade. And we're going beyond"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2015.12,
+      "text": "directed acyclic graphs to something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2016.64,
+      "text": "that's that's far more general."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2019.32,
+      "text": "So we have to So the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2023.28,
+      "text": "So we we'll want to move from you know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2025.72,
+      "text": "the standard notion of Markov blanket to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2027.76,
+      "text": "what I would call a trace blanket. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2030.12,
+      "text": "here now"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2032.92,
+      "text": "we have to actually construct the self"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2035.92,
+      "text": "and the world."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2039.4,
+      "text": "we need to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2040.56,
+      "text": "the way we will do that is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2042.56,
+      "text": "and by the way now you know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2045.16,
+      "text": "I'm just saying at top level. We have to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2047.32,
+      "text": "do a lot of hard work here."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2049.48,
+      "text": "But it's going to be policies and meta"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2051.0,
+      "text": "policies and what they what they do."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2054.04,
+      "text": "And certain experiences like what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2057.399,
+      "text": "experiences of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2058.96,
+      "text": "pleasure and pain will be part of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2060.96,
+      "text": "experiences agents have and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2063.72,
+      "text": "to the extent that certain actions lead"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2065.72,
+      "text": "to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2068.0,
+      "text": "greater hitting of the pleasure centers,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2070.12,
+      "text": "the pleasure the higher put it the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2072.399,
+      "text": "higher stationary measure for the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2073.56,
+      "text": "pleasure, then that they'll be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2076.08,
+      "text": "sought. And to higher stationary"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2078.32,
+      "text": "measures for the pain, they they will be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2079.8,
+      "text": "less sought."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2081.159,
+      "text": "They will be avoided. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2084.8,
+      "text": "so the idea will be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2087.679,
+      "text": "there'll be pleasure and pain guides,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2089.56,
+      "text": "but there'll also be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2092.08,
+      "text": "I'm thinking that policies"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2095.24,
+      "text": "What policies do is they say um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2098.16,
+      "text": "given that I'm looking through this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2099.2,
+      "text": "particular observer window, what's the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2101.32,
+      "text": "probability that I'll now look through"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2102.68,
+      "text": "that window over there or that window"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2103.96,
+      "text": "over there? If"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2105.849,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [snorts]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2106.52,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Don, can I ask you Yeah. Can I interrupt"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2109.03,
+      "text": "Don, can I ask you Yeah. Can I interrupt"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2109.04,
+      "text": "with a question?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2110.64,
+      "text": "A couple of sentences ago was the first"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2112.56,
+      "text": "time you used the word action."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2115.44,
+      "text": "And is an action in this framework just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2119.68,
+      "text": "a change in policy?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2122.56,
+      "text": "So each"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2125.12,
+      "text": "um it is, but it's not just a change in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2127.32,
+      "text": "policy. So an action would be um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2131.04,
+      "text": "an a policy itself gives you an action"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2133.44,
+      "text": "on observer windows cuz your action is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2135.2,
+      "text": "to change observer windows. Okay."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2138.08,
+      "text": "A meta policy gives you a a higher level"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2140.88,
+      "text": "of action because you're now changing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2142.2,
+      "text": "policies."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2144.08,
+      "text": "Right? And then a meta meta policy would"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2146.96,
+      "text": "be an even higher level of action"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2148.28,
+      "text": "because you're changing your meta"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2149.76,
+      "text": "policy."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2151.0,
+      "text": "Okay. So So actions"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2153.8,
+      "text": "So actions are all either"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2156.68,
+      "text": "changing what you're looking at or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2158.48,
+      "text": "changing how you decide what you what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2160.63,
+      "text": "how you decide what you what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2160.64,
+      "text": "you're looking at. That's right. Okay."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2163.04,
+      "text": "Great."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2163.84,
+      "text": "It's a recursive notion of action now."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2167.6,
+      "text": "Right. So So now"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2172.08,
+      "text": "I'm just thinking through this last bit,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2173.56,
+      "text": "but it seems like some policies,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2176.12,
+      "text": "for example, now So now I'm looking at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2178.2,
+      "text": "just the smallest level of action."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2182.12,
+      "text": "Some policies, if they have certain"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2184.0,
+      "text": "things that you that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2185.72,
+      "text": "always appear in your observer window."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2187.56,
+      "text": "So for example, in my observer windows,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2189.8,
+      "text": "my hands and my body often appear."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2193.44,
+      "text": "Whereas other things that I call the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2195.08,
+      "text": "external world don't appear that often."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2197.72,
+      "text": "And I also notice that I seem to be able"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2199.48,
+      "text": "to directly control my hands and my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2201.72,
+      "text": "body."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2202.8,
+      "text": "But if I want to have my phone move, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2205.32,
+      "text": "need to move my hand so that I can pick"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2207.52,
+      "text": "up the phone to move the phone. So what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2210.2,
+      "text": "what I am going to say is that we we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2212.96,
+      "text": "really have to it So in in the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2215.72,
+      "text": "blanket approach, right? The"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2218.84,
+      "text": "The Markov blanket has a clean"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2220.32,
+      "text": "definition. It's you know you give me a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2222.72,
+      "text": "set of nodes, their blanket is their the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2225.32,
+      "text": "parents of the nodes, the offspring of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2227.52,
+      "text": "the nodes, and the parents of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2228.56,
+      "text": "offspring of the nodes. End of story."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2230.24,
+      "text": "That is your blanket. That's your skin."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2232.08,
+      "text": "That's your boundary between you and the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2233.88,
+      "text": "world. Here it's much more complicated."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2236.6,
+      "text": "Now I have to use the notion of agency"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2239.2,
+      "text": "in a non-trivial fashion and learn"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2243.4,
+      "text": "probabilistically"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2245.0,
+      "text": "what features of my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2247.8,
+      "text": "sequence of observer windows that I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2249.96,
+      "text": "having remain"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2252.28,
+      "text": "there most of the time. My hands are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2254.32,
+      "text": "there most of the time. And they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2256.47,
+      "text": "And they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2256.48,
+      "text": "associated certain actions with my hands"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2258.04,
+      "text": "are associated with pleasure signals,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2259.76,
+      "text": "others associated with pain signals. So"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2261.52,
+      "text": "I'm learning to do certain things with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2263.2,
+      "text": "my hands and don't stick them in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2264.72,
+      "text": "fire, things like that. Other things"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2268.24,
+      "text": "are are much more contingent. They"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2270.88,
+      "text": "So I can use probabilities of what I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2273.76,
+      "text": "seeing in my observer windows as a way"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2276.56,
+      "text": "of starting to construct myself versus"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2279.359,
+      "text": "the outside world plus these pleasure"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2281.96,
+      "text": "and pain guides. Don, can I ask you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2284.12,
+      "text": "another question? Sure. Sure. Uh you you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2287.04,
+      "text": "talked about actions with your hands."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2290.08,
+      "text": "What does that mean in terms of uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2293.68,
+      "text": "changing what you're looking at? Since"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2295.6,
+      "text": "the only action is changing what you're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2297.12,
+      "text": "looking at,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2298.52,
+      "text": "what does it mean to control what your"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2300.0,
+      "text": "hands are doing? Right, because so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2301.64,
+      "text": "that's that's a great question, Chris,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2303.16,
+      "text": "because what that means is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2305.84,
+      "text": "I want an observer window I have an"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2308.359,
+      "text": "observer window where my hand is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2310.4,
+      "text": "touching my ear. Now I want an observer"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2312.88,
+      "text": "window in which my hand is touching my"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2314.96,
+      "text": "leg."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2317.16,
+      "text": "And so I transition to that observe So"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2320.08,
+      "text": "what's happening is I'm choosing what I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2323.0,
+      "text": "want to see in my movie next."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2325.92,
+      "text": "And that's what we call moving my hand."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2328.84,
+      "text": "It's a completely You have to really"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2330.72,
+      "text": "think out of the box now. This is it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2333.2,
+      "text": "it's really it's a choice of what I want"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2335.8,
+      "text": "to see next. And that's what the actions"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2337.48,
+      "text": "are."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2338.32,
+      "text": "Okay. Okay. Great."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2340.96,
+      "text": "It's very it's in a very austere What"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2343.32,
+      "text": "What I love about it is it's austere."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2345.44,
+      "text": "There's only one equation and one logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2347.96,
+      "text": "and and so you have very very tight"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2350.96,
+      "text": "guides."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2352.64,
+      "text": "And yet the the claim is we should be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2355.16,
+      "text": "able to get everything out of it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2358.12,
+      "text": "But that's what I love is a theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2359.24,
+      "text": "that's that forces you to do it in a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2362.92,
+      "text": "principled way."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2364.72,
+      "text": "Now Bayesian inference, I'll just we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2367.96,
+      "text": "talk about more but if you want, but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2370.56,
+      "text": "I'll just mention briefly."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2372.2,
+      "text": "Bayes' rule um falls out of the meet"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2376.6,
+      "text": "uh the and of the trace logic. And we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2379.44,
+      "text": "can go into how that's the case. It's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2381.4,
+      "text": "It's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2382.36,
+      "text": "beautiful and non-trivial, but Bayesian"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2384.84,
+      "text": "inference is effectively a special case"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2387.32,
+      "text": "of the meat of the trace logic. And if"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2389.24,
+      "text": "you want, we can go into that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2391.68,
+      "text": "And you know, you guys talk about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2394.0,
+      "text": "bending the option space and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2397.68,
+      "text": "and I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2399.56,
+      "text": "I want to say that Yeah, I'm taking the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2401.64,
+      "text": "notion of space"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2403.6,
+      "text": "Of course, that was metaphorical when"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2405.24,
+      "text": "you talk about bending the option space,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2406.32,
+      "text": "but there is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2407.64,
+      "text": "a real sense in which I want to get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2409.12,
+      "text": "space and space-time itself. And what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2411.56,
+      "text": "I'm working on quite heavily and with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2413.68,
+      "text": "with a couple others is I believe that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2416.08,
+      "text": "we can actually boot up"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2418.2,
+      "text": "um special and general relativity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2420.12,
+      "text": "entirely from the trace logic."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2424.2,
+      "text": "so that's that's the claim that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2425.28,
+      "text": "relativistic space-time can be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2426.6,
+      "text": "constructed entirely from the trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2429.16,
+      "text": "logic. And this would be then fulfilling"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2431.28,
+      "text": "John Wheeler's goal that starting with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2434.08,
+      "text": "only observer participants that we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2436.88,
+      "text": "build up all of space-time physics. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2439.04,
+      "text": "that's that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2440.2,
+      "text": "the the goal of where we're headed. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2442.76,
+      "text": "and I'll just give you This will be the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2444.16,
+      "text": "last thing I do and then we can have a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2445.52,
+      "text": "conversation about it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2447.68,
+      "text": "Just to give you a hint about how that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2449.04,
+      "text": "would happen."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2450.16,
+      "text": "Um it's standard in Markov chain theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2452.88,
+      "text": "to have what are called in um enhanced"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2455.24,
+      "text": "Markov chains. So, you have a Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2457.2,
+      "text": "chain, but you also have a counter."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2458.72,
+      "text": "Every time your experience flips, you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2461.32,
+      "text": "know, you you change experience, your"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2463.24,
+      "text": "counter increments."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2464.76,
+      "text": "So, here I've got a case where I've got"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2466.44,
+      "text": "the the the four um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2469.52,
+      "text": "color agent and then there's the sub"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2472.28,
+      "text": "agent of just red and green."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2474.52,
+      "text": "And notice that um each There's a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2477.4,
+      "text": "counter for the red and green and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2478.48,
+      "text": "there's a counter for all four. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2480.64,
+      "text": "notice the counter on the left is going"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2482.68,
+      "text": "much faster than the counter on the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2484.04,
+      "text": "right because it's seeing more"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2486.28,
+      "text": "experiences."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2488.28,
+      "text": "So, the counters go at The counters for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2490.44,
+      "text": "the sub agents or so I'm sorry, sub sub"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2492.84,
+      "text": "windows, sub sub observers are going at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2495.48,
+      "text": "a slower rate than the the ones above"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2498.52,
+      "text": "them. So, if I'm less than you in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2500.2,
+      "text": "trace logic, my time counter is going"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2502.32,
+      "text": "less than you than than the one. So, the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2504.76,
+      "text": "trace logic also is giving you a um a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2507.96,
+      "text": "relationship among counters and that we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2510.04,
+      "text": "claim is the time dilation of special"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2512.88,
+      "text": "relativity and general relativity."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2514.56,
+      "text": "That's where it comes from."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2516.08,
+      "text": "So, it's all about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2517.88,
+      "text": "observer windows and their counters. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2521.2,
+      "text": "it turns out that the distances can also"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2523.76,
+      "text": "be derived. And it turns out that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2525.64,
+      "text": "distances that you will get in in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2527.6,
+      "text": "window"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2528.72,
+      "text": "um the trace window are different than"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2530.56,
+      "text": "the distances you'll get in the in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2532.24,
+      "text": "bigger. And so, we're we're This is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2534.48,
+      "text": "where we're hoping to get general"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2535.72,
+      "text": "relativity coming out of this. Just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2537.76,
+      "text": "simply there's notions of um essentially"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2540.44,
+      "text": "something like the commute time between"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2542.52,
+      "text": "states."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2543.88,
+      "text": "Uh and and similar notions. The commute"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2545.68,
+      "text": "time, I'll just give you that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2547.08,
+      "text": "concretely. It's the the expected time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2549.68,
+      "text": "of uh starting at green"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2552.08,
+      "text": "um getting to blue and then back to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2555.96,
+      "text": "green. What's the expected number of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2557.48,
+      "text": "steps that I you know, starting at green"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2559.16,
+      "text": "I'll get to blue and then back to green."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2561.52,
+      "text": "And it turns out there's that's um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2565.0,
+      "text": "that expected time can be viewed as the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2567.6,
+      "text": "square of Euclidean distance."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2569.84,
+      "text": "So, there are there are canonical ways"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2571.68,
+      "text": "of getting Euclidean distances from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2574.44,
+      "text": "commute time properties. And And other"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2576.12,
+      "text": "there there are Dirichlet um measures"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2579.28,
+      "text": "which are even more to the point, but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2581.8,
+      "text": "more complex. I won't go into them."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2583.96,
+      "text": "But there are ways of going from um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2587.0,
+      "text": "the trace logic gives us effectively the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2590.2,
+      "text": "time dilation and length contractions of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2592.24,
+      "text": "special and general relativity is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2593.88,
+      "text": "idea."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2595.44,
+      "text": "Um so, time runs lower on the trace."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2598.76,
+      "text": "gaps between ticks are So, so I'm I'll"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2601.28,
+      "text": "just leave it at that. I think that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2602.92,
+      "text": "enough for us to I'll stop the share so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2604.68,
+      "text": "we can we can talk about it. But I just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2606.6,
+      "text": "wanted to give you guys a feel and I can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2608.4,
+      "text": "send you guys some papers on this, but I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2610.44,
+      "text": "wanted us to have a little time to talk"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2611.84,
+      "text": "about This is just a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2614.36,
+      "text": "We haven't solved the agency framework"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2615.92,
+      "text": "the agency thing. What we've got is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2617.8,
+      "text": "language now that's principled for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2621.48,
+      "text": "talking about agency."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2625.08,
+      "text": "Yeah, thanks very much, Don. That was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2626.28,
+      "text": "amazing. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2628.04,
+      "text": "Uh I I have a question that I can the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2630.72,
+      "text": "general question. What do What do you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2632.2,
+      "text": "make of the fact that you're apparently"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2634.6,
+      "text": "pulling out descriptions of physics and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2636.84,
+      "text": "descriptions of agency out of the same"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2639.68,
+      "text": "starting starting material? Does that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2642.88,
+      "text": "I think Well, you know, something I've"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2644.84,
+      "text": "been saying for quite a while is that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2646.04,
+      "text": "space-time's just a headset."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2648.76,
+      "text": "And we're we're effectively saying we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2650.359,
+      "text": "can build the headset."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2652.28,
+      "text": "Space-time is is not the reality that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2655.48,
+      "text": "independent of us then we're little tiny"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2657.04,
+      "text": "little"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2657.92,
+      "text": "There you go."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2658.8,
+      "text": "Our our typical view is, you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2660.32,
+      "text": "Hoffman is this tiny little 160-lb thing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2663.68,
+      "text": "inside of massive massive space-time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2666.04,
+      "text": "universe. And I'm saying, \"No, no, no."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2668.4,
+      "text": "This that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2669.68,
+      "text": "What we call Hoffman is just an avatar"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2671.68,
+      "text": "inside a a space-time headset that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2673.52,
+      "text": "being created by consciousness.\""
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2679.32,
+      "text": "And the proof of the pudding is, can we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2680.96,
+      "text": "build the headset?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2682.64,
+      "text": "Right? So, the idea is that that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2685.12,
+      "text": "space-time What we have for the for this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2689.0,
+      "text": "approach to go through, we have to be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2690.68,
+      "text": "able to show that we can get special"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2692.0,
+      "text": "relativity, no hand wave, just from the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2696.92,
+      "text": "And also general relativity and quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2699.359,
+      "text": "theory. We we have to be able to show"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2700.88,
+      "text": "that we can get entanglement and all of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2703.24,
+      "text": "this stuff"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2704.64,
+      "text": "simply from from the trace logic and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2707.64,
+      "text": "Markov chain. Now, one"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2709.88,
+      "text": "one objection that someone might have is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2712.0,
+      "text": "to say, \"Look, Markov chains they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2713.76,
+      "text": "they're you know, in quantum theory we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2715.52,
+      "text": "have unitary matrices. You know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2718.16,
+      "text": "what are you dealing with? You just have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2719.72,
+      "text": "Markov matrices. You don't have these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2721.32,
+      "text": "nice unitary matrices. So, how you going"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2723.28,
+      "text": "to do that?\""
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2724.6,
+      "text": "And uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2726.96,
+      "text": "the idea is um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2729.68,
+      "text": "most Markov matrices are not unitary,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2731.92,
+      "text": "but there are some that are."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2733.72,
+      "text": "Um they they are measures There are a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2735.48,
+      "text": "subset of the Markov matrices that are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2737.4,
+      "text": "unitary. And when you look at the um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2741.84,
+      "text": "long-term behavior of a Markov matrix"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2745.28,
+      "text": "the asymptotic behavior, it turns out"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2747.92,
+      "text": "that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2749.0,
+      "text": "the way that you the eigen functions"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2753.359,
+      "text": "This is now when we go to those enhanced"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2754.76,
+      "text": "Markov chains. And this is work that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2756.6,
+      "text": "Chetan and I did back in 2014."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2760.12,
+      "text": "Chetan discovered that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2763.0,
+      "text": "eigen functions of the enhanced Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2765.24,
+      "text": "chains are identical in form to the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2769.6,
+      "text": "quantum wave functions of free"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2771.2,
+      "text": "particles. Identical."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2773.6,
+      "text": "So, the idea is going to be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2776.16,
+      "text": "that quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2777.92,
+      "text": "theory arises as an asymptotic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2782.0,
+      "text": "description"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2783.4,
+      "text": "of a Markov dynamics."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2786.0,
+      "text": "So, the Markov dynamics gives you a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2787.92,
+      "text": "step-by-step-by-step"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2789.84,
+      "text": "analysis of agency and consciousness."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2793.24,
+      "text": "Quantum theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2795.2,
+      "text": "only gives you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2797.2,
+      "text": "the asymptotic behavior, not the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2799.24,
+      "text": "step-by-step behavior."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2801.92,
+      "text": "So, that's going to be that's going to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2803.48,
+      "text": "be the the the connection."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2805.6,
+      "text": "Again, this is all a matter of theorem"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2807.24,
+      "text": "and proof. This is you know, either"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2809.12,
+      "text": "we're right or we're wrong. This is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2810.48,
+      "text": "theorem and proof or theorem and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2812.08,
+      "text": "disproof."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2813.2,
+      "text": "Now, one one might say, \"Well, um you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2814.84,
+      "text": "know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2815.84,
+      "text": "you have the no-cloning theorem in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2819.16,
+      "text": "You know, what about that in Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2820.72,
+      "text": "chains and so forth?\" And it turns out"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2823.16,
+      "text": "if you look carefully"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2824.68,
+      "text": "at the look no-cloning theorem, the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2827.44,
+      "text": "proof of it does not require unitarity."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2829.44,
+      "text": "It only requires linearity. Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2831.6,
+      "text": "chains are linear and they have their"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2833.12,
+      "text": "own no-cloning theorem."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2840.04,
+      "text": "So, I see no obstruction right now. We"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2841.6,
+      "text": "just have to do the hard work, but I see"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2843.2,
+      "text": "we have a a principled notion of agency."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2845.92,
+      "text": "And it it shows us how the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2849.52,
+      "text": "the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2850.52,
+      "text": "nested community structure can give us"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2854.0,
+      "text": "nested"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2855.56,
+      "text": "goals and bending, you know, nested"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2858.68,
+      "text": "bending of problem spaces."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2861.04,
+      "text": "And we can actually"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2863.359,
+      "text": "not only talk about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2864.88,
+      "text": "metaphorically about bending the problem"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2866.48,
+      "text": "spaces, we actually can show I I think"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2869.0,
+      "text": "we'll be able to show that we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2870.92,
+      "text": "actually have real space-time curved"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2873.48,
+      "text": "representations of bending, you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2875.4,
+      "text": "general relativistic descriptions of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2877.76,
+      "text": "bending."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2881.24,
+      "text": "Mike, may may I share you you you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2883.4,
+      "text": "remember the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2884.96,
+      "text": "the we were taking this project and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2887.16,
+      "text": "embedding it in into the variational"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2889.4,
+      "text": "free energy principle and all that. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2891.2,
+      "text": "may I share now the the screen to to to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2893.56,
+      "text": "show Don and and Chetan what what we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2895.72,
+      "text": "already have? I mean, mind you all, we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2898.8,
+      "text": "This is work from 1 year ago. We still I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2901.4,
+      "text": "still didn't get to to develop it in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2904.4,
+      "text": "full. It's, let's say, maybe 80%"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2908.2,
+      "text": "done. So, on the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2911.08,
+      "text": "on the left you you see this book. This"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2913.48,
+      "text": "will come soon. It's Karl's book on the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2915.96,
+      "text": "free energy principle on the nature of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2917.12,
+      "text": "things. It's It's the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2919.08,
+      "text": "uh the big a big monograph monographs of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2924.32,
+      "text": "the latest version, I suspect. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2930.32,
+      "text": "Yeah. We didn't we didn't push this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2932.56,
+      "text": "paper"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2933.96,
+      "text": "because I also wanted to have access to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2936.32,
+      "text": "the latest form of this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2938.4,
+      "text": "before we would push. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2940.88,
+      "text": "the synthesis paper had on only a few"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2945.2,
+      "text": "uh dropped names of uh variational free"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2948.2,
+      "text": "energy and and and and the decomposable"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2951.0,
+      "text": "way in which you can assess intelligence"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2952.84,
+      "text": "and and true scale-free quantification"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2956.24,
+      "text": "and and and and recursive decomposition"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2958.23,
+      "text": "and and recursive decomposition"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2958.24,
+      "text": "in that sense. So, in this project, we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2961.28,
+      "text": "tried to do it within"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2963.6,
+      "text": "the free energy principle framework. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2965.52,
+      "text": "within the the variational base"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2967.04,
+      "text": "framework, right? So, we take all these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2970.6,
+      "text": "problem space operators and and embed"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2973.04,
+      "text": "them into a physical variational physics"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2975.68,
+      "text": "descriptions. And we also end up on some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2979.68,
+      "text": "of the things that you you don't and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2981.96,
+      "text": "and Chetan mentioned like the for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2984.24,
+      "text": "example, when we we can have uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2987.6,
+      "text": "the the issue of free normalization and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2989.56,
+      "text": "then and then getting ways in which you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2991.68,
+      "text": "can decompose and quantify across scales"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2995.84,
+      "text": "additive gains in search efficiency at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 2998.4,
+      "text": "different scales and then do it globally"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3000.6,
+      "text": "for for as a as a whole total of the of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3003.72,
+      "text": "the system depending on how you would"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3006.4,
+      "text": "how efficiency gains are cashed out at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3008.56,
+      "text": "different levels. So, that can be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3011.2,
+      "text": "embedded in the variational logic of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3013.92,
+      "text": "free energy principle for sure and using"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3016.36,
+      "text": "using the more pedestrian thing in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3018.96,
+      "text": "sense of like the all the the the nest"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3022.12,
+      "text": "assumption and and and the Helmholtz"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3024.16,
+      "text": "decomposition and then building on that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3026.32,
+      "text": "building a minimal Landau style floor of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3029.16,
+      "text": "of cost per unit operator and and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3031.64,
+      "text": "efficiency gains. So, this is not done"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3035.36,
+      "text": "but what I I want to say is that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3038.56,
+      "text": "seeing you present this just now, it is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3040.6,
+      "text": "clear to me that the you provide way"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3044.76,
+      "text": "more finer algebraic structure for us to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3047.56,
+      "text": "probe even deeper into this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3049.28,
+      "text": "decomposition and then look at what you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3051.6,
+      "text": "mentioned the community structure and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3053.16,
+      "text": "all these sort of effects you would get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3055.76,
+      "text": "and what would appear to us at the scale"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3058.08,
+      "text": "and metric of observation as an"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3059.56,
+      "text": "efficiency gain might come from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3061.56,
+      "text": "innumerable ways of of of tiling that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3063.88,
+      "text": "problem space or or or bending the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3065.8,
+      "text": "problem space or or just doing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3068.59,
+      "text": "just doing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3068.6,
+      "text": "in your terms just uh changing the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3070.6,
+      "text": "observation frame by communities and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3072.72,
+      "text": "certain communities having different"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3074.2,
+      "text": "policies and then meta policies based on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3076.16,
+      "text": "the higher order aggregates and so on."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3078.88,
+      "text": "So, I think it's definitely valuable"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3081.52,
+      "text": "even going even if it were something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3083.68,
+      "text": "that's built after this is pushed"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3086.2,
+      "text": "because this will be finished quite"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3088.2,
+      "text": "soon. Right. It's definitely worth"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3090.2,
+      "text": "looking into it and and the connection"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3092.4,
+      "text": "with physics is certainly is certainly"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3095.44,
+      "text": "impressive for sure. The that's the hard"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3098.28,
+      "text": "work, you know."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3099.4,
+      "text": "This is less hard."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3100.84,
+      "text": "Well, I would certainly welcome any"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3102.68,
+      "text": "interactions you guys want to have on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3104.24,
+      "text": "this once once your current projects are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3106.04,
+      "text": "you you you get to a certain place"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3107.72,
+      "text": "because I think"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3108.96,
+      "text": "as I listen to your work, I realize our"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3112.28,
+      "text": "ideas are really converging quite nicely"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3114.4,
+      "text": "here and I think that there's a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3116.08,
+      "text": "synergy. The nice thing about the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3118.12,
+      "text": "stuff is that it's it's so well studied"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3122.04,
+      "text": "they they've they you just look at the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3124.68,
+      "text": "you the the eigen analysis of these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3127.2,
+      "text": "matrices to get a lot of this stuff. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3129.8,
+      "text": "there are lots of papers out there about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3131.52,
+      "text": "the community structure and and so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3133.16,
+      "text": "forth. So, we would just have to do our"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3134.4,
+      "text": "homework and understand and a lot of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3136.24,
+      "text": "that stuff we could just then port in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3137.8,
+      "text": "here and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3139.76,
+      "text": "it's it's it's really quite well"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3141.0,
+      "text": "understood. The only thing they didn't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3142.52,
+      "text": "have was the trace logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3144.32,
+      "text": "and the fact that it can recurse. That's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3145.6,
+      "text": "what they that's what they were missing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3146.92,
+      "text": "to pull this whole picture together."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3150.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Interesting. Very interesting. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3152.39,
+      "text": "Interesting. Very interesting. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3152.4,
+      "text": "What do you think would happen or maybe"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3153.92,
+      "text": "you've already done it but to apply some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3156.6,
+      "text": "of the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3157.64,
+      "text": "causal emergence metrics to to the to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3161.32,
+      "text": "the dynamics of these things, you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3163.08,
+      "text": "or like some of the stuff that you guys"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3164.44,
+      "text": "do Robert or some of the like more"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3165.96,
+      "text": "conventional stuff that we have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3168.4,
+      "text": "have you you know, phi d and all that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3170.48,
+      "text": "kind of stuff. Have you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3171.92,
+      "text": "have you done that at all?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3175.92,
+      "text": "Me or Don? Mike? Uh well well Don on his"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3179.28,
+      "text": "stuff and then and then if they haven't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3180.72,
+      "text": "done it yet, then I'm going to say"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3182.52,
+      "text": "maybe we should. So, you know, so say a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3184.6,
+      "text": "little bit more about the causal"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3185.52,
+      "text": "emergence question. I want to make sure"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3186.6,
+      "text": "I understand that that question."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3189.88,
+      "text": "Well, you know, and I mean Robert's the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3191.88,
+      "text": "better person to speak to it but there's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3193.72,
+      "text": "a there are a variety of new"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3196.28,
+      "text": "newish metrics in information theory"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3199.04,
+      "text": "that basically try to quantify some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3202.76,
+      "text": "important aspects of agency, right? So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3204.32,
+      "text": "the the extent to which the whole is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3206.72,
+      "text": "in some sense"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3207.8,
+      "text": "causally more than its parts, you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3209.2,
+      "text": "phi all that stuff. Oh oh oh right. That"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3211.76,
+      "text": "kind of exactly right. That's what I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3214.28,
+      "text": "getting at. Have have you tried any of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3215.72,
+      "text": "those metrics on on the dynamical path"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3218.4,
+      "text": "of these things?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3219.88,
+      "text": "Well, yeah. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3222.08,
+      "text": "so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3224.16,
+      "text": "a lot of that work has been"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3226.0,
+      "text": "the motivation between that Tononi and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3228.84,
+      "text": "and Co and so forth has has been to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3231.56,
+      "text": "somehow have consciousness be a function"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3234.2,
+      "text": "of the amount of causal emergence,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3235.64,
+      "text": "right?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3236.8,
+      "text": "And you know, to the extent that you the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3239.24,
+      "text": "phi is the you know, the system with the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3241.84,
+      "text": "the the greatest"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3243.64,
+      "text": "causal"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3246.12,
+      "text": "measure. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3248.76,
+      "text": "those are those are very very useful. I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3250.48,
+      "text": "think they have nothing to do with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3251.76,
+      "text": "consciousness. Yeah, I'm not making any"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3253.48,
+      "text": "claims about consciousness. I'm I'm just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3255.52,
+      "text": "asking you know, just you know, just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3257.8,
+      "text": "step one of of getting the measurements"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3259.4,
+      "text": "and seeing seeing what's going on as far"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3261.28,
+      "text": "as Oh sure. I think that would honest as"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3264.16,
+      "text": "long as there's no claims about that and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3265.56,
+      "text": "consciousness, I'm all for it. I think"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3266.96,
+      "text": "that that stuff is that's that's really"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3268.28,
+      "text": "good work. Absolutely."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3270.2,
+      "text": "What I think is bogus is saying that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3271.72,
+      "text": "consciousness has something to do with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3272.92,
+      "text": "that. I think that's bogus."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3275.0,
+      "text": "But [clears throat] but yeah. I I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3276.48,
+      "text": "but we haven't done that ourselves. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3277.76,
+      "text": "we haven't done that would be So, the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3279.32,
+      "text": "answer is we haven't gone there yet and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3281.64,
+      "text": "that Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3283.32,
+      "text": "It may it may be interesting to do just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3285.2,
+      "text": "just to get some some data and just to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3286.84,
+      "text": "do some measurements. I mean, we've"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3287.96,
+      "text": "we've been doing it on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3289.88,
+      "text": "gene regulatory networks and all sorts"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3291.359,
+      "text": "of weird things and there's some really"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3292.92,
+      "text": "interesting but I would we haven't said"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3294.24,
+      "text": "a word about consciousness we had with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3296.2,
+      "text": "respect to that but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3297.96,
+      "text": "just just the data alone I think are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3300.64,
+      "text": "already interesting whatever the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3302.76,
+      "text": "interpretation. Your data has really"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3305.28,
+      "text": "inspired me the last few months. I've"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3307.44,
+      "text": "just really your work your whole team"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3309.88,
+      "text": "has really inspired me. It really forced"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3311.68,
+      "text": "me to think out of the box about what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3312.96,
+      "text": "this thing can do. So, thank you. I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3314.8,
+      "text": "mean, it's been really quite fun."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3317.48,
+      "text": "Thanks. Your your your your podcast with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3320.04,
+      "text": "Lex Fridman, I've listened to it like"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3321.48,
+      "text": "five times or something like that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3325.2,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Don Don I mean on on this topic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3327.23,
+      "text": "Don Don I mean on on this topic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3327.24,
+      "text": "specifically, do you think you could use"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3329.92,
+      "text": "not the inverse trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3332.2,
+      "text": "as a sort of hypothesis generation for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3335.44,
+      "text": "this kind of experiments and this kind"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3337.28,
+      "text": "of data because"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3338.72,
+      "text": "I mean I mean it seems like you do the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3340.56,
+      "text": "construction sort of you would in this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3342.64,
+      "text": "paper at least in the paper in this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3344.04,
+      "text": "case, we did it mostly forward but you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3346.6,
+      "text": "you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3347.6,
+      "text": "you do have a calculus and an algebra"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3349.88,
+      "text": "for doing it backwards. So, you have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3352.12,
+      "text": "let's say an observed effective kernel P"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3355.12,
+      "text": "sub A on the visible states A and then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3358.48,
+      "text": "with the trace chain theorem says that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3360.28,
+      "text": "any cons any consistent extension P with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3363.2,
+      "text": "the hidden states A prime was it? Yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3365.92,
+      "text": "A prime. Then that must satisfy"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3367.92,
+      "text": "basically the the the theorem. So, then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3370.08,
+      "text": "the A B C D sort of like a tuples is a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3373.359,
+      "text": "sort of parameterized hypothesis space"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3375.44,
+      "text": "about hidden mechanisms and then it just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3377.76,
+      "text": "becomes an an an an an inverse problem,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3380.04,
+      "text": "right? It is is just that. So, if that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3382.92,
+      "text": "the case and we have a lot of data in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3385.72,
+      "text": "our in our Synthesizer paper, we used"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3387.44,
+      "text": "the the planarian"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3389.48,
+      "text": "regeneration example and I know we use"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3391.56,
+      "text": "the data in that literature but there is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3392.92,
+      "text": "also way more data in in GRNs and stuff"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3395.52,
+      "text": "like that. So, do you think you could we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3397.96,
+      "text": "could have a sort of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3399.52,
+      "text": "a model in the inverse trace that would"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3402.88,
+      "text": "distinguish between different hypotheses"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3405.24,
+      "text": "that explain best the data that we see?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3407.92,
+      "text": "Yes, in the following sense. So, the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3410.24,
+      "text": "trace logic because it's a logic, there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3412.52,
+      "text": "is the notion of not only the meet but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3414.52,
+      "text": "also the join."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3416.0,
+      "text": "The join, yeah. So, I can take two"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3419.359,
+      "text": "matrices"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3420.96,
+      "text": "and if they are compatible"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3423.08,
+      "text": "if they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3423.8,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; for example part of a Boolean sub logic,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3425.95,
+      "text": "for example part of a Boolean sub logic,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3425.96,
+      "text": "then they they have a join."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3428.52,
+      "text": "Now, Chetan has done the hard work of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3431.6,
+      "text": "getting a closed form solution for very"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3434.24,
+      "text": "special cases and it turns out to get a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3436.76,
+      "text": "general closed form solution is an open"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3438.84,
+      "text": "problem."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3439.88,
+      "text": "But we but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3441.52,
+      "text": "the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3442.84,
+      "text": "and and the interesting thing is so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3444.8,
+      "text": "there there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3447.8,
+      "text": "there can be a join. There can also be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3449.95,
+      "text": "can be a join. There can also be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3449.96,
+      "text": "so, the join is the least upper bound,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3452.72,
+      "text": "right? Between two."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3454.68,
+      "text": "But you could also have in some cases"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3457.08,
+      "text": "Chetan has pointed out that there could"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3458.4,
+      "text": "be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3459.8,
+      "text": "a whole say one parameter family of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3461.44,
+      "text": "minimal upper bounds."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3463.44,
+      "text": "So, it's going to be very very"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3465.28,
+      "text": "interesting. We we with the trace logic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3467.24,
+      "text": "for certain matrices, there may not be a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3471.0,
+      "text": "a unique least upper bound. There could"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3474.4,
+      "text": "a family of minimal upper bounds and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3477.0,
+      "text": "then we may be able to use other um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3482.4,
+      "text": "factors to choose one that we want."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3484.12,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; criteria So, other criteria for for what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3487.2,
+      "text": "we want. Maybe we want something that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3488.68,
+      "text": "the the you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3491.24,
+      "text": "some kind of minimize complexity or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3492.88,
+      "text": "maximum complexity or or or or you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3495.56,
+      "text": "causal causal structure or greatest"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3497.6,
+      "text": "causal structure or something like that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3499.23,
+      "text": "structure or something like that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3499.24,
+      "text": "So, there are all sorts of things that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3500.32,
+      "text": "we could do. So, so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3502.92,
+      "text": "I we don't know if there is a general"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3505.84,
+      "text": "closed form formula for computing the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3508.6,
+      "text": "join. Chetan has it for a special case."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3511.64,
+      "text": "It it's a fair bet that there is not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3514.68,
+      "text": "one. That's going to be interesting to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3516.24,
+      "text": "to it's an interesting open mathematical"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3518.52,
+      "text": "problem to study the join of this thing."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3521.32,
+      "text": "And and and we I can give you the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3524.88,
+      "text": "the unpublished paper we have so far"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3526.4,
+      "text": "where Chetan's stuff is there and you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3527.76,
+      "text": "can see what we've got so far"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3530.6,
+      "text": "and it's open as to you know, how to to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3534.6,
+      "text": "generalize that to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3536.88,
+      "text": "or to prove that it cannot be done,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3539.04,
+      "text": "right? But it cannot be generalized."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3544.48,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Mhm. Yeah, I know. It's it's it's super"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3546.48,
+      "text": "interesting. Yeah, I I would definitely"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3547.84,
+      "text": "love to to to see those papers and I I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3549.88,
+      "text": "read I read some some of your stuff and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3551.68,
+      "text": "also the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3553.76,
+      "text": "the latest on Faces of Consciousness. I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3555.48,
+      "text": "I I went through through most of it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3557.12,
+      "text": "Very Okay, you've seen the trace of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3559.04,
+      "text": "consciousness paper, right? Okay. So, so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3560.76,
+      "text": "it's in the appendix at the at the at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3562.88,
+      "text": "the back of that paper that you already"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3564.04,
+      "text": "have, um you'll see Chetan's work um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3567.12,
+      "text": "on on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3568.68,
+      "text": "what we have so far on the join."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3570.72,
+      "text": "Yeah, work in progress. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3573.2,
+      "text": "Of course. Yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3575.24,
+      "text": "I know I know if you work because I am"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3576.52,
+      "text": "one of my best friends is Robert"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3577.68,
+      "text": "Breadner, so I we talk a lot. We just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3579.96,
+      "text": "submitted a paper on on IIT and and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3582.6,
+      "text": "causal agent's theory. Oh, yes, right,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3584.64,
+      "text": "right."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3589.12,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah, of course we know Robert quite"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3590.47,
+      "text": "Yeah, of course we know Robert quite"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3590.48,
+      "text": "well, yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3592.84,
+      "text": "So, I have a question, John, about the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3596.16,
+      "text": "definition of the trace."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3598.4,
+      "text": "The the trace of any Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3602.68,
+      "text": "process is also a Markov process, right?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3606.0,
+      "text": "Yes."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3607.16,
+      "text": "Yeah, okay."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3608.44,
+      "text": "So, do you have Do you have an available"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3611.0,
+      "text": "model"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3613.96,
+      "text": "observations that are or sequences of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3617.64,
+      "text": "observations that are not Markov?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3621.55,
+      "text": "not Markov?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3621.56,
+      "text": "So, uh sequences of observations that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3629.32,
+      "text": "violate"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3630.84,
+      "text": "constant probability of switching from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3633.04,
+      "text": "one state to the next."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3635.4,
+      "text": "So, so that the probability is not well"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3639.12,
+      "text": "Right, it depends on your your time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3640.92,
+      "text": "window and how you want to coarse-grain"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3642.8,
+      "text": "the states, right? So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3646.12,
+      "text": "it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3647.8,
+      "text": "one one can say that look, there are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3649.64,
+      "text": "many many systems that um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3652.48,
+      "text": "aren't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3653.52,
+      "text": "it's not the case that if you look at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3655.0,
+      "text": "the the states I've given you, that the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3657.04,
+      "text": "probability of the next state is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3660.12,
+      "text": "can be given exactly just based on the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3662.12,
+      "text": "current state."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3663.44,
+      "text": "You might need to have look at three"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3664.76,
+      "text": "states or five states or 10 states or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3666.44,
+      "text": "whatever, you know, you're bigger a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3668.28,
+      "text": "bigger bigger window to to get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3671.24,
+      "text": "uh the probability."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3674.08,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; But but in those cases, you can always"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3676.19,
+      "text": "But but in those cases, you can always"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3676.2,
+      "text": "then create new states and then turn it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3678.2,
+      "text": "Markov."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3679.48,
+      "text": "So, basically"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3680.48,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; You can expand the the state space."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3684.2,
+      "text": "Actually multiply it. And there's there"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3686.28,
+      "text": "can be a combinatorial explosion,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3688.44,
+      "text": "though. You do need to be aware of that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3690.92,
+      "text": "possibility."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3692.932,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [music]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3693.24,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3694.12,
+      "text": "and this only works for finite memory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3696.8,
+      "text": "It doesn't work for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3698.32,
+      "text": "infinite memory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3701.0,
+      "text": "But even for finite memory, you you do"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3703.08,
+      "text": "have to be a little careful"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3704.88,
+      "text": "that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3706.24,
+      "text": "I mean, the combinatorics can get nuts."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3709.28,
+      "text": "Which is seems to be often the problem"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3711.72,
+      "text": "in consciousness research."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3715.72,
+      "text": "Right, you know, I I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3717.88,
+      "text": "I'm of course mainly interested in uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3721.08,
+      "text": "issues like contextuality and quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3723.48,
+      "text": "theory, where"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3724.8,
+      "text": "you have groups of observations for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3728.84,
+      "text": "joint probabilities can't be defined."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3732.16,
+      "text": "And so, um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3739.36,
+      "text": "can't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3742.32,
+      "text": "build a single self-consistent"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3745.96,
+      "text": "hidden variable theory."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3752.84,
+      "text": "So, I I don't know whether the formalism"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3755.04,
+      "text": "will handle that sort of situation or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3757.48,
+      "text": "not."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3760.72,
+      "text": "Since Since you do seem to be always"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3762.72,
+      "text": "assuming well-defined probability"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3764.48,
+      "text": "distributions."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3766.16,
+      "text": "Can you say more about the system that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3767.72,
+      "text": "that that doesn't work, Chris?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3774.24,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Uh well, contextuality is is defined as"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3777.32,
+      "text": "as a as a phenomenon"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3780.96,
+      "text": "sets of observations"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3783.88,
+      "text": "uh over which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3786.16,
+      "text": "no"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3787.76,
+      "text": "sets of observations for which a joint"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3789.84,
+      "text": "probability distribution is undefinable."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3794.08,
+      "text": "For which the statistics"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3797.28,
+      "text": "violate the Kolmogorov axioms."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3804.08,
+      "text": "I suspect that the fact that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3807.44,
+      "text": "joins don't always work might have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3809.84,
+      "text": "something to do with that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3811.04,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; That's what I was thinking, too."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3812.64,
+      "text": "Yeah, that that's that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3814.12,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; I I originally thought your question was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3816.2,
+      "text": "about,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3817.32,
+      "text": "you know, having the same probabilities"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3819.16,
+      "text": "every time. And of course, you don't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3820.4,
+      "text": "need that with Markov chains. They don't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3821.88,
+      "text": "have to be homogeneous, but that's not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3823.88,
+      "text": "your question. It's It's much"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3826.0,
+      "text": "It's It's more abstract than that. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3828.72,
+      "text": "But I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3829.359,
+      "text": "that you know, what I would my hope"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3831.92,
+      "text": "would be to to somehow find sub logics"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3836.4,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; actually look like quantum logics."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3841.56,
+      "text": "Right."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3841.88,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; But you know, that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3843.48,
+      "text": "if that happens, then we could possibly"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3846.28,
+      "text": "answer your question in affirmative."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3849.12,
+      "text": "I mean, that would be one way to do it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3851.92,
+      "text": "Okay. So, uh another way to think of it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3854.56,
+      "text": "in your formalism might be if there are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3859.12,
+      "text": "pairs Yeah, this would be part of what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3861.52,
+      "text": "look like a quantum logic. If you have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3863.12,
+      "text": "pairs in the trace logic network that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3865.76,
+      "text": "don't commute."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3867.359,
+      "text": "Oh, easily."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3872.08,
+      "text": "That That may be a way of approaching"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3874.04,
+      "text": "this joint question, John."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3878.44,
+      "text": "Yeah, that matrices have no joint. Yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3880.84,
+      "text": "to get back to your comment about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3883.12,
+      "text": "unitarity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3885.04,
+      "text": "um at the very beginning."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3887.32,
+      "text": "And unitarity is really just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3889.04,
+      "text": "conservation of information."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3893.8,
+      "text": "Kolmogorov probability is really just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3899.32,
+      "text": "So, if you don't have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3903.04,
+      "text": "situations in which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3905.96,
+      "text": "information is actually lost in some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3909.08,
+      "text": "global sense,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3913.0,
+      "text": "sort of at"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3914.52,
+      "text": "informational singularities,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3915.635,
+      "text": "[clears throat]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3916.4,
+      "text": "if you will,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3918.4,
+      "text": "then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3920.12,
+      "text": "the system"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3923.2,
+      "text": "satisfies unitarity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3926.0,
+      "text": "as it's used as an axiom within the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3928.76,
+      "text": "information theory, which is just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3937.56,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; So, that this is where I was I was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3939.55,
+      "text": "So, that this is where I was I was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3941.359,
+      "text": "emphasize this disassoci- this complete"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3944.12,
+      "text": "dissociation, actually, of unitarity"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3946.16,
+      "text": "from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3947.08,
+      "text": "any spatial considerations."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3952.2,
+      "text": "But okay, anyway, that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3954.52,
+      "text": "that's sort of an aside. The The real"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3957.0,
+      "text": "question is about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3958.72,
+      "text": "contextuality."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3960.32,
+      "text": "Right, right. Yeah, it is striking that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3962.88,
+      "text": "that Nima"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3964.16,
+      "text": "Arkani-Hamed and these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3965.96,
+      "text": "high-energy theoretical physicists are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3967.92,
+      "text": "are strident that they're not assuming"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3970.2,
+      "text": "unitarity."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3971.48,
+      "text": "They're They're strident about it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3972.56,
+      "text": "They're saying, \"We don't need it.\""
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3974.79,
+      "text": "saying, \"We don't need it.\""
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3974.8,
+      "text": "And we'll show that it arises"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3978.88,
+      "text": "uh these positive geometries that that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3981.48,
+      "text": "are entirely outside of space-time. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3983.72,
+      "text": "they're they're getting space-time and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3986.52,
+      "text": "um together."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3988.4,
+      "text": "I I've never seen a I've never seen a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3990.32,
+      "text": "demonstration of of that fact as it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3994.24,
+      "text": "uh you know, in itself."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3996.92,
+      "text": "What I have seen is, you know, they they"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 3999.68,
+      "text": "derive"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4001.16,
+      "text": "um scattering amplitudes and which match"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4005.04,
+      "text": "what's understood from, you know, the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4007.12,
+      "text": "Feynman approach."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4008.68,
+      "text": "That doesn't mean you derive space-time,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4010.56,
+      "text": "and it doesn't mean you've derived"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4013.32,
+      "text": "It just means that you've matched"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4014.72,
+      "text": "something."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4016.08,
+      "text": "Yeah, I I I think they're referring to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4018.56,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; is absent."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4020.0,
+      "text": "Yeah. Sorry."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4021.48,
+      "text": "Yeah, I think I think they're referring"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4022.96,
+      "text": "to unitary processes in space-time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4026.8,
+      "text": "Right. Right. That's what they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4028.88,
+      "text": "referring to. Absolutely."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4029.96,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4030.84,
+      "text": "Right. That's very different from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4034.0,
+      "text": "Yes. as a strictly information-theoretic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4036.92,
+      "text": "concept. And And yet, the way they wave"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4039.04,
+      "text": "it around and say, \"We We don't assume"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4040.32,
+      "text": "space-time or unitarity.\" Right?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4044.0,
+      "text": "It's just a disconnect in language, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4045.68,
+      "text": "think."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4047.24,
+      "text": "I mean, you you know, it's it's fine not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4050.08,
+      "text": "assuming"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4051.84,
+      "text": "uh a collection B when you're doing a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4054.6,
+      "text": "collection A."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4056.359,
+      "text": "But if somebody like Dyson comes around"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4058.44,
+      "text": "and says they're equivalent, then then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4060.48,
+      "text": "you can't say that we don't need"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4061.96,
+      "text": "space-time. It's just another way of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4063.56,
+      "text": "looking at it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4065.0,
+      "text": "So, they have you know, their claim is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4067.359,
+      "text": "is unfounded as far as I I know. I mean,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4071.16,
+      "text": "you know, somebody needs to sit down and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4072.96,
+      "text": "say, \"This is how space-time emerges"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4074.88,
+      "text": "from the amplitudehedron.\""
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4078.12,
+      "text": "Otherwise,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4079.64,
+      "text": "it just just saying that I you know, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4082.32,
+      "text": "Schwinger could say I don't need to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4083.72,
+      "text": "assume Feynman, and Feynman could say I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4085.44,
+      "text": "don't need to assume Schwinger, and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4087.0,
+      "text": "they're both right, but they're both"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4089.04,
+      "text": "equivalent."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4091.72,
+      "text": "Yeah, yeah, right now they don't give"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4092.96,
+      "text": "you space-time, they give you scattering"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4094.4,
+      "text": "amplitudes. That's what they give you."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4095.6,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Right."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4096.44,
+      "text": "Which I still think they're defined in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4098.0,
+      "text": "space-time. Fair enough."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4102.12,
+      "text": "Yeah, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4103.0,
+      "text": "I mean, a facet of something, you know."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4107.96,
+      "text": "I I suspect"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4112.12,
+      "text": "eventually we'll generally be able to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4115.319,
+      "text": "identify"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4119.839,
+      "text": "amplitudehedron-like"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4121.56,
+      "text": "structures"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4123.16,
+      "text": "with error-correcting quantum"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4125.359,
+      "text": "error-correcting codes. Hm."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4128.2,
+      "text": "You You wrote a paper on that, didn't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4130.2,
+      "text": "you, Chris? Well, we're we're in the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4134.52,
+      "text": "uh we have a preprint of it that was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4137.48,
+      "text": "revised as of a few months ago, and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4140.44,
+      "text": "we're still working on it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4143.0,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; But the uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4145.11,
+      "text": "But the uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4145.12,
+      "text": "the current pre- current available"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4147.08,
+      "text": "preprint isn't bad."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4151.56,
+      "text": "but the hypothesis would be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4155.08,
+      "text": "we can go the other way from"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4157.28,
+      "text": "amplitudehedron-like structures to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4159.56,
+      "text": "quantum error-correcting codes. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4161.48,
+      "text": "there are many ways to get space-time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4162.96,
+      "text": "from quantum error error-correcting"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4164.839,
+      "text": "codes."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4167.0,
+      "text": "So, Hm, interesting."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4170.279,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; it it may be that the the inference ends"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4172.88,
+      "text": "up going in that direction through that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4174.799,
+      "text": "direction."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4182.68,
+      "text": "What I'm hoping to be able to show is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4184.4,
+      "text": "that some of these positive geometries"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4186.0,
+      "text": "like the associahedron"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4187.759,
+      "text": "are sub polytopes of the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4189.56,
+      "text": "polytope."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4191.279,
+      "text": "So, that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4192.88,
+      "text": "because"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4193.92,
+      "text": "the Markov polytope"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4196.76,
+      "text": "could be describing the probabilities of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4199.08,
+      "text": "of certain interacting processes that we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4201.2,
+      "text": "would think of as scattering processes."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4203.44,
+      "text": "And so, if if"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4204.72,
+      "text": "if that's the case, then I would you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4206.52,
+      "text": "know, there may be a a deep connection"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4208.32,
+      "text": "between"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4209.44,
+      "text": "some of these positive geometries and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4211.52,
+      "text": "the Markov hedron, which is itself a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4212.88,
+      "text": "positive geometry."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4214.4,
+      "text": "Yeah. Set of all possible Markov chains"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4215.92,
+      "text": "is a positive geometry."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4218.64,
+      "text": "Yeah, I I suspect that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4220.76,
+      "text": "Uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4226.0,
+      "text": "Any any such structure defined over any"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4231.8,
+      "text": "space of possibilities"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4234.48,
+      "text": "or any such"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4235.8,
+      "text": "dynamics defined over any such any space"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4238.72,
+      "text": "of possibilities can be thought of as"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4241.16,
+      "text": "scattering in some you know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4244.52,
+      "text": "Right. meta metaphorical [snorts]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4247.08,
+      "text": "but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4248.04,
+      "text": "but formally"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4250.72,
+      "text": "sensible way."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4252.48,
+      "text": "Yeah. I mean computation"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4254.72,
+      "text": "We can think of computation as"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4256.24,
+      "text": "scattering Right. data"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4259.04,
+      "text": "space."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4260.6,
+      "text": "Interaction is scattering."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4264.2,
+      "text": "I mean,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4265.44,
+      "text": "scattering is what is how interactions"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4268.16,
+      "text": "look in a physics lab."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4272.32,
+      "text": "What what what's surprising is how"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4273.6,
+      "text": "restricted the scattering"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4275.6,
+      "text": "events are that you find in physics,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4277.36,
+      "text": "right? That that that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4279.04,
+      "text": "a very restricted set and it turns out"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4282.16,
+      "text": "that you the something like the standard"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4284.36,
+      "text": "model gives you all the components that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4286.16,
+      "text": "you're ever going to find in any"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4287.32,
+      "text": "scattering that you ever do."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4290.2,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; We hope. Yeah. That that so far well,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4292.36,
+      "text": "yeah, that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4294.0,
+      "text": "so far. Well, the all all all the ones"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4296.32,
+      "text": "that you see with the sorts of things"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4298.92,
+      "text": "that we call elementary particles."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4301.75,
+      "text": "we call elementary particles."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4301.76,
+      "text": "Right. Right."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4304.32,
+      "text": "What what what I find interesting is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4307.4,
+      "text": "just as when we had the Ptolemaic system"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4309.4,
+      "text": "and we had all cycles and cycles and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4310.84,
+      "text": "cycles, you could get all the orbits of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4312.48,
+      "text": "the planets."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4313.88,
+      "text": "But it was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4315.0,
+      "text": "ugly and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4317.16,
+      "text": "just just a mess cuz you had to do add"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4319.52,
+      "text": "all these cycles and correcting cycles"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4321.36,
+      "text": "to correct those cycles and so forth to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4322.92,
+      "text": "do it. And the same thing happens with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4325.52,
+      "text": "space time and scattering. You would you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4327.16,
+      "text": "look at the Feynman diagrams, it's loop"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4328.68,
+      "text": "after loop and you you have three or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4331.04,
+      "text": "four particle interactions and 500 pages"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4332.96,
+      "text": "of algebra because you have all these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4334.6,
+      "text": "Ptolemaic loop after loop after loop"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4337.2,
+      "text": "where you're enforcing locality and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4339.0,
+      "text": "unitarity. So, Feynman is forcing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4341.76,
+      "text": "locality and unitarity and and so we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4343.64,
+      "text": "have to do all this stuff. And all of a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4345.32,
+      "text": "sudden"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4346.48,
+      "text": "400 pages of algebra turns into two"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4348.96,
+      "text": "terms when you let go of space time and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4353.44,
+      "text": "And also it feels again like we've got"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4356.4,
+      "text": "this Rube Goldberg machine called space"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4358.68,
+      "text": "time and that's why things look so ugly"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4361.16,
+      "text": "in space time and the mathematics. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4362.68,
+      "text": "all of a sudden we're seeing some hint"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4364.84,
+      "text": "you know, it was a big hint when we went"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4366.24,
+      "text": "from Ptolemy to Newton. That's you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4369.76,
+      "text": "all of a sudden the formulas got a lot"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4371.28,
+      "text": "we're on to something much deeper here"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4372.88,
+      "text": "than than Ptolemy was on to. And now"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4375.12,
+      "text": "when when we go from you know, Feynman"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4376.92,
+      "text": "scattering diagrams to these positive"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4379.04,
+      "text": "geometries, once again we're getting 400"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4381.4,
+      "text": "pages of algebra down to two terms."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4384.2,
+      "text": "A clear hint that we're on to something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4386.0,
+      "text": "deeper beyond space time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4388.8,
+      "text": "Yeah. No, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4390.44,
+      "text": "space time's a kludge."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4392.08,
+      "text": "It's that's I think that's clear. Yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4394.4,
+      "text": "it's it's it's a it's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4396.72,
+      "text": "But what's interesting is that theories"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4398.2,
+      "text": "of consciousness all the main theories"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4400.92,
+      "text": "of consciousness assume otherwise. We"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4403.31,
+      "text": "ssume otherwise. We"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4403.32,
+      "text": "start with space time, we try to figure"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4405.08,
+      "text": "out what physical systems in space time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4407.64,
+      "text": "could possibly have the right"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4409.6,
+      "text": "structure to give rise to consciousness."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4413.16,
+      "text": "Yeah. So, we all we all of our theories"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4415.0,
+      "text": "start with the kludge"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4416.76,
+      "text": "as the assumption."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4418.28,
+      "text": "And and then try to go from there. So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4419.64,
+      "text": "they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4420.48,
+      "text": "doomed completely doomed to failure."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4422.52,
+      "text": "Yeah. Well, I I mean all all of science"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4425.04,
+      "text": "has done this before about what? 1970."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4434.12,
+      "text": "You talking about the standard model"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4435.08,
+      "text": "since about 1970?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4438.0,
+      "text": "Well, no, I'm I'm roughly dating"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4445.72,
+      "text": "roughly dating at least the first things"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4448.04,
+      "text": "I saw from Wheeler with the notion of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4450.72,
+      "text": "observer participants in it. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4455.56,
+      "text": "Right right in the 70s, right?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4459.44,
+      "text": "Yeah, he he he saw it. He he knew I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4462.08,
+      "text": "mean, he wrote the book on space time."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4463.6,
+      "text": "He wrote the book on gravity. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4466.0,
+      "text": "Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4468.0,
+      "text": "That's that's that is the Bible and he"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4470.6,
+      "text": "so he knew space time and he knew it was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4472.24,
+      "text": "a a kludge. He was looking for something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4473.96,
+      "text": "entirely beyond. Right. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4477.2,
+      "text": "And he was going to call it observer"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4478.44,
+      "text": "participants."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4479.72,
+      "text": "That's what he called it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4482.76,
+      "text": "May May I ask something? Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4485.4,
+      "text": "Go ahead."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4486.08,
+      "text": "Go ahead, Chris."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4486.67,
+      "text": ", Chris."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4486.68,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; going to say good to see you guys again"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4488.2,
+      "text": "and good to meet you, Robert."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4490.12,
+      "text": "Good to meet you, Chris. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4491.6,
+      "text": "I think we will meet in person in Spain"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4493.36,
+      "text": "if I'm not mistaken in July. Yes,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4495.44,
+      "text": "hopefully."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4496.56,
+      "text": "That sounds very exciting."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4498.4,
+      "text": "Yeah. Um I I I I told them to to invite"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4501.48,
+      "text": "you specifically."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4503.32,
+      "text": "Thank you."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4505.141,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; [laughter]"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4507.44,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; What what's happening in Spain?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4509.48,
+      "text": "Uh there will be a workshop um organized"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4511.6,
+      "text": "by"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4512.6,
+      "text": "by some people um the Tatiana Foundation"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4515.84,
+      "text": "and and it's a workshop on the known"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4518.12,
+      "text": "unknowns in our fields of interest and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4520.88,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Oh. There will be yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4522.92,
+      "text": "Um more than one uh um more than one"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4525.96,
+      "text": "field is fields. Okay. So, Chris fields"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4529.28,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; why fields is uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4533.8,
+      "text": "Excellent. And uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4535.48,
+      "text": "And uh yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4536.72,
+      "text": "um discuss several things. But Don, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4538.68,
+      "text": "wanted to say that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4540.12,
+      "text": "um I think this is the the biggest"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4542.44,
+      "text": "myopia in consciousness science. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4545.72,
+      "text": "I work in Anil Seth's lab. I did my PhD"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4548.44,
+      "text": "with Giulio Tononi. I did a postdoc with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4550.52,
+      "text": "David Chalmers. I work with Georg"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4552.72,
+      "text": "Northoff and and the temporal specialty"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4554.96,
+      "text": "I I know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4556.32,
+      "text": "I know all the people. Yeah. And all of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4559.08,
+      "text": "them are sort of either physicalists or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4563.08,
+      "text": "they they still think that consciousness"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4565.24,
+      "text": "is something we we you squeeze with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4567.56,
+      "text": "enough dexterity at the end of a long"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4569.68,
+      "text": "tube that you operationally construct."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4572.8,
+      "text": "And and they don't get they really don't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4574.92,
+      "text": "get the point that consciousness is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4577.04,
+      "text": "starting point."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4578.76,
+      "text": "And everything else must come"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4580.68,
+      "text": "afterwards. You build everything else"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4582.2,
+      "text": "from consciousness, not the other way."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4585.36,
+      "text": "It's hard. I know the I know the I know"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4587.8,
+      "text": "the pain."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4588.88,
+      "text": "But could you do you see your"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4592.24,
+      "text": "con the platonic space as having"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4594.4,
+      "text": "something to do with consciousness"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4597.0,
+      "text": "in that sense?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4598.84,
+      "text": "Or being embedded within it?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4602.12,
+      "text": "That's Mike's assets."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4605.2,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah, that's that's him, Mike. Well, um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4608.51,
+      "text": "Yeah, that's that's him, Mike. Well, um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4608.52,
+      "text": "So, okay. So, so I'm I'm not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4609.88,
+      "text": "fundamentally a consciousness"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4611.04,
+      "text": "researcher. I don't have any strong"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4612.56,
+      "text": "claims on this yet. Uh and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4615.28,
+      "text": "but if I had to say right now, I would"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4617.16,
+      "text": "say that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4618.28,
+      "text": "uh I I I don't think that from the point"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4620.88,
+      "text": "of the platonic space formalism that I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4623.84,
+      "text": "investigating, I I don't think that we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4626.28,
+      "text": "are beings that occasionally get visited"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4628.24,
+      "text": "by platonic patterns that are something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4630.24,
+      "text": "else. I think I think we are the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4631.36,
+      "text": "patterns. And I think that these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4633.52,
+      "text": "patterns are wide range of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4635.47,
+      "text": "are wide range of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4635.48,
+      "text": "you know, static, dynamic, low agency,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4637.24,
+      "text": "high agency things."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4638.72,
+      "text": "And I think what we call consciousness"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4640.64,
+      "text": "is the perspective from the platonic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4642.92,
+      "text": "space outwards into So, so what a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4646.32,
+      "text": "pattern from the platonic space"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4647.92,
+      "text": "experiences when it interacts with the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4649.84,
+      "text": "physical world is what we tend to call"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4652.0,
+      "text": "consciousness. Now, I'm not sure that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4654.96,
+      "text": "like I don't think that exhausts all the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4656.72,
+      "text": "possibilities. I think there are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4658.16,
+      "text": "probably lateral interactions within"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4659.8,
+      "text": "that world. I suspect that when"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4661.52,
+      "text": "mathematicians think about the you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4663.92,
+      "text": "abstract mathematical objects, what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4666.0,
+      "text": "happens is you have two there are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4667.56,
+      "text": "basically two"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4668.88,
+      "text": "two different patterns in resonance"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4670.28,
+      "text": "there, the human one and the you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4671.8,
+      "text": "whatever it is that they're studying."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4673.68,
+      "text": "So, there may be lateral interactions"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4675.28,
+      "text": "that don't even require the physical"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4677.0,
+      "text": "world per se."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4678.48,
+      "text": "Uh but but basically what I think we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4680.6,
+      "text": "mean when we talk about consciousness is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4682.64,
+      "text": "what it's like to be a platonic pattern"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4685.88,
+      "text": "projecting into a physical world through"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4687.88,
+      "text": "some interface. So, that might be you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4689.96,
+      "text": "know, the sense organs that we have or"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4691.8,
+      "text": "something completely different and so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4693.64,
+      "text": "on."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4694.44,
+      "text": "So, the platonic patterns transcend our"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4697.12,
+      "text": "experiential notion of consciousness."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4700.64,
+      "text": "I I In the sense that uh"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4704.04,
+      "text": "Well, say say more. What what do you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4705.4,
+      "text": "mean about that? Well, there's a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4707.84,
+      "text": "platonic realm that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4709.76,
+      "text": "maybe we shouldn't describe as"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4711.08,
+      "text": "conscious, but but we perceive but a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4713.96,
+      "text": "human perspective on it is we we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4715.96,
+      "text": "experience it as consciousness sort of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4718.16,
+      "text": "looking at it somehow."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4720.16,
+      "text": "So, that's just perspective."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4722.32,
+      "text": "Yeah, I I I think I think I think"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4724.64,
+      "text": "ultimately I think some version of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4727.0,
+      "text": "idealism is probably the the more"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4729.4,
+      "text": "accurate thing. Like I do think that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4731.4,
+      "text": "consciousness is fundamental. But but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4734.32,
+      "text": "but but I don't know what to do with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4735.92,
+      "text": "that on a practical level right now, you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4738.24,
+      "text": "know? Like I don't have a way of making"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4740.08,
+      "text": "use of that in the lab or anything like"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4741.44,
+      "text": "that. What I see is a way to make"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4743.32,
+      "text": "progress with a somewhat more dualistic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4745.36,
+      "text": "version, which you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4747.64,
+      "text": "I agree that it would be nice to have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4749.04,
+      "text": "some kind of simple monism. But but what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4751.32,
+      "text": "I see right now is that we have"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4753.64,
+      "text": "different but interacting"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4756.04,
+      "text": "realms so to speak that that and that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4758.92,
+      "text": "model helps us to do new experiments and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4760.76,
+      "text": "make new discoveries. So, for now, I you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4763.44,
+      "text": "know, I I do think that um the they're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4765.92,
+      "text": "they're sort of two two separate things,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4767.44,
+      "text": "but ultimately, if I had to guess, I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4770.04,
+      "text": "would say that consciousness is is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4771.44,
+      "text": "primary."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4772.56,
+      "text": "Um I don't know how to do that reduction"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4774.44,
+      "text": "right now, so I'm sticking with two"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4775.96,
+      "text": "because that's what that's what we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4777.4,
+      "text": "we can handle right now."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4780.44,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Yeah. My my one of our goals is to show"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4784.15,
+      "text": "Yeah. My my one of our goals is to show"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4784.16,
+      "text": "that we can actually get space-time"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4786.76,
+      "text": "special and general relativity and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4788.04,
+      "text": "quantum theory from this theory of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4790.84,
+      "text": "Markov chains of consciousness. In which"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4792.92,
+      "text": "in which case then we could inherit all"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4794.6,
+      "text": "the work that's been done in physics, um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4797.2,
+      "text": "but but see it arising from a a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4799.48,
+      "text": "consciousness-first"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4801.36,
+      "text": "point of view. So, that's that's where"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4803.08,
+      "text": "I'm headed."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4804.36,
+      "text": "Um Yeah. I mean, for us, you know, one"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4806.2,
+      "text": "of the one of the important pieces of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4808.2,
+      "text": "our research program is to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4810.32,
+      "text": "understand the mapping between the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4812.2,
+      "text": "interfaces that we construct, and those"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4814.64,
+      "text": "are anything from sorting algorithms"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4816.92,
+      "text": "through cyborgs through xenobots,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4819.76,
+      "text": "embryos, you know, you name it, like all"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4821.92,
+      "text": "of these stuff. To understand what what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4823.52,
+      "text": "are the properties of these things that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4825.44,
+      "text": "facilitate the ingression of specific"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4827.4,
+      "text": "patterns from the space. Like, so so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4830.48,
+      "text": "what what you know, what what what is it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4831.76,
+      "text": "about this thing you've made that pulls"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4833.12,
+      "text": "down this rather than that? And the and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4835.92,
+      "text": "the right then that allows different"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4837.36,
+      "text": "different degrees of and different kinds"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4840.36,
+      "text": "of of mind state to to interact through"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4842.35,
+      "text": "mind state to to interact through"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4842.36,
+      "text": "it. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4844.32,
+      "text": "uh also to quantify in so we've got some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4847.44,
+      "text": "we've got some wild stuff that's kind of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4850.28,
+      "text": "uh ripening in the next few months that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4852.64,
+      "text": "I'd love to run by all of you. We'll"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4854.08,
+      "text": "we'll all we should all have another"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4855.4,
+      "text": "meeting so you can see. But we've been"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4857.6,
+      "text": "we've been trying to quantify"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4859.52,
+      "text": "like one of the things that I think is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4860.64,
+      "text": "really important about this Platonic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4862.24,
+      "text": "space thing is that it's not just a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4864.4,
+      "text": "redescription, you know, and a bunch of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4866.68,
+      "text": "sort of useless you know, philosophy"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4868.76,
+      "text": "that you sprinkle on top of things that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4870.12,
+      "text": "work perfectly well. It actually makes"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4871.76,
+      "text": "very new predictions in the sense that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4873.68,
+      "text": "it suggests that what you're getting"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4875.12,
+      "text": "from that space is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4877.44,
+      "text": "are things that using conventional"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4880.64,
+      "text": "theories or that we have now of doing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4882.44,
+      "text": "the accounting of effort of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4883.6,
+      "text": "computational cost of physical cost,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4885.36,
+      "text": "these kinds of things that you get you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4887.52,
+      "text": "get free lunches or at least heavily"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4889.4,
+      "text": "discounted lunches. You get more than"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4891.12,
+      "text": "you put in. You you know, our our"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4893.12,
+      "text": "accounting isn't adding up everything"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4895.56,
+      "text": "that you get. We're missing something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4897.24,
+      "text": "very significant. And we now have the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4899.08,
+      "text": "ability to quantify"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4901.72,
+      "text": "how much are we getting how much how"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4903.2,
+      "text": "much free [snorts] memory, free compute,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4905.68,
+      "text": "free you know, whatever. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4907.8,
+      "text": "Uh we can at least in simple uh toy you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4910.64,
+      "text": "know, sort of minimal models we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4912.6,
+      "text": "quantify that. In biology, you you can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4914.56,
+      "text": "see it, but but but it's hard to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4916.0,
+      "text": "quantify or prove anything. It's just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4917.36,
+      "text": "too complicated. Whereas in these"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4918.96,
+      "text": "minimal models, we can actually quantify"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4921.8,
+      "text": "you know, what did we get that we didn't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4923.16,
+      "text": "pay for according to the conventional"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4924.84,
+      "text": "way of totaling up effort."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4927.52,
+      "text": "So, and and so that's really important"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4929.92,
+      "text": "to find out how much and and what do you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4932.04,
+      "text": "get? You know, do you just get static"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4933.6,
+      "text": "patterns? Do you get behavioral"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4935.44,
+      "text": "propensities? Do you you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4936.72,
+      "text": "algorithms? Do you get virtual machines?"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4938.6,
+      "text": "You know, do you get free compute that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4940.16,
+      "text": "you can do in that space? Like that's a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4941.76,
+      "text": "you know, kind of a crazy prediction of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4943.32,
+      "text": "mine that I I think you can actually get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4944.92,
+      "text": "you can do compute in that space that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4946.32,
+      "text": "you don't pay for in this in this space,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4947.92,
+      "text": "so to speak."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4949.04,
+      "text": "So, that's you know. I've [snorts] been"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4951.44,
+      "text": "listening to a lot of your podcasts on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4953.4,
+      "text": "this and thinking about it and and I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4955.96,
+      "text": "think that there's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4958.48,
+      "text": "connection with the hidden states in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4960.92,
+      "text": "this Markov system. So, that when you if"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4963.96,
+      "text": "we just see a trace,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4966.16,
+      "text": "most of the intelligence is something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4969.36,
+      "text": "you don't see."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4971.12,
+      "text": "And so, to the trace observer, that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4973.76,
+      "text": "all in a Platonic realm because you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4976.16,
+      "text": "don't you literally cannot see it. And"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4978.36,
+      "text": "yet"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4979.8,
+      "text": "what you're seeing is entirely a trace"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4982.76,
+      "text": "of that world. So, your your visible"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4985.44,
+      "text": "world is controlled by this quote"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4988.8,
+      "text": "unquote Platonic space that you cannot"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4990.56,
+      "text": "see."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4991.68,
+      "text": "And so, that's why I was thinking that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4993.28,
+      "text": "what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4994.4,
+      "text": "your stuff about"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4995.84,
+      "text": "the planaria, for example. You cut off"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4998.04,
+      "text": "the head"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 4999.64,
+      "text": "and cut off the tail and you can change"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5001.36,
+      "text": "the the electric fields and and make it"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5004.36,
+      "text": "have two heads and so forth. I mean,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5005.8,
+      "text": "it's just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5006.88,
+      "text": "you know, how does it know how to do"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5008.4,
+      "text": "that? Right, where is that state? So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5010.32,
+      "text": "I've I've been thinking so, if somehow"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5012.4,
+      "text": "all we're seeing is the planaria in our"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5014.84,
+      "text": "trace, we're not seeing beyond what we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5017.48,
+      "text": "can see. There's a whole Markov realm of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5020.56,
+      "text": "of intelligence out there that is"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5022.6,
+      "text": "projecting down into what we can see. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5025.76,
+      "text": "which is just a planarian, but so I'm"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5028.36,
+      "text": "really"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5029.48,
+      "text": "really left to explore with you guys"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5031.55,
+      "text": "left to explore with you guys"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5031.56,
+      "text": "you know, as this formalism matures, how"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5034.84,
+      "text": "we might use the formalism in concrete"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5036.8,
+      "text": "ways to model specific Platonic spaces"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5040.0,
+      "text": "for specific memories biological"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5042.88,
+      "text": "memories. Cuz I think this gives us the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5045.08,
+      "text": "tools, right? The there are the exits,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5048.16,
+      "text": "the the dark states, and the entrances."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5050.88,
+      "text": "All those tools are part of the Platonic"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5053.92,
+      "text": "space. And if we learn so,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5056.6,
+      "text": "we're new to this ourselves, right? We"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5057.92,
+      "text": "don't know how to use those tools yet,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5059.12,
+      "text": "but to learn how to use those tools to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5061.48,
+      "text": "model specific things, we be able might"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5063.88,
+      "text": "be able to get that Platonic space not"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5065.72,
+      "text": "just a hand wave, but here is the Markov"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5067.56,
+      "text": "chain, here's the trace, and this is why"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5069.24,
+      "text": "it looks like this Platonic intelligence"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5071.32,
+      "text": "that's guiding you. But it would be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5072.8,
+      "text": "multi-scale."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5074.48,
+      "text": "Right? The there's going to be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5075.4,
+      "text": "multi-scale in the dark space."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5079.32,
+      "text": "Well, you know what might be really fun"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5080.96,
+      "text": "is so so definitely we should we should"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5083.04,
+      "text": "do that with some of the biology"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5084.4,
+      "text": "examples that we have."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5086.0,
+      "text": "Um in particular, for example, with some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5088.68,
+      "text": "of the synthetic things that we have so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5090.48,
+      "text": "so xenobots and you know, neurobots and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5093.52,
+      "text": "because because they raise what I think"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5095.08,
+      "text": "is is perhaps the most interesting part"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5097.36,
+      "text": "of this is, you know, where do the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5100.4,
+      "text": "uh the goals and properties of novel"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5101.92,
+      "text": "beings come from where you can't just"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5104.0,
+      "text": "pin it on selection, you know, eons of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5105.68,
+      "text": "selection. Like I guess where they come"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5107.24,
+      "text": "from. So, but but but in I would I would"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5110.72,
+      "text": "complement that with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5113.32,
+      "text": "uh which I think would be even"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5114.3,
+      "text": "[clears throat] easier, the study of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5115.8,
+      "text": "basically applying these things to some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5117.2,
+      "text": "of the minimal computational models that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5118.68,
+      "text": "we have."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5119.76,
+      "text": "Yes. Right? We have some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5122.6,
+      "text": "sorting is one and there's going to be a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5123.92,
+      "text": "bunch of new work on that coming soon."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5125.92,
+      "text": "Um but we have others. We have some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5127.84,
+      "text": "really interesting stuff"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5129.6,
+      "text": "uh that'll come out soon on um giving"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5132.16,
+      "text": "embodiments to various"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5135.08,
+      "text": "very weird um you know, sources like"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5138.52,
+      "text": "like a mathematical objects and making a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5141.08,
+      "text": "robots that are driven not by"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5142.32,
+      "text": "conventional algorithms and sensors and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5144.56,
+      "text": "whatever, but but their entire behavior"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5146.44,
+      "text": "is driven by uh pre you know, sort of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5148.68,
+      "text": "pre-cooked static mathematical constants"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5151.64,
+      "text": "and watching how those kinds of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5153.32,
+      "text": "mathematical objects and watching how"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5154.84,
+      "text": "those things end up navigating a world"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5157.92,
+      "text": "and adapt you know, and and what what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5160.4,
+      "text": "cognitive features they end up having"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5161.92,
+      "text": "and so on. So, I think those things are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5164.2,
+      "text": "simple enough that we could I think we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5165.84,
+      "text": "could actually we could actually make a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5167.76,
+      "text": "make a pretty tight mapping onto what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5170.08,
+      "text": "onto what you have in terms of states"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5171.84,
+      "text": "and and and things like that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5173.36,
+      "text": "Interesting. Interesting."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5176.92,
+      "text": "Interesting. It may be that when you get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5178.79,
+      "text": "t may be that when you get"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5178.8,
+      "text": "to into pure mathematics and sort of a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5181.36,
+      "text": "hidden Platonic realm that's doing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5182.88,
+      "text": "stuff, you know, like sorting algorithms"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5184.12,
+      "text": "that are doing other things you didn't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5185.08,
+      "text": "expect."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5187.28,
+      "text": "I'm having my mind stretched to think"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5188.68,
+      "text": "about how Markov chains could do that."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5190.12,
+      "text": "That seems like that might be something"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5191.72,
+      "text": "even"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5193.04,
+      "text": "deeper somehow. Well, you know what we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5195.04,
+      "text": "could that was the other thing I was"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5195.92,
+      "text": "thinking what what would what is totally"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5198.48,
+      "text": "doable now is to take your system and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5201.8,
+      "text": "apply the tests that we have. So, we so"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5204.64,
+      "text": "we have a range of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5207.32,
+      "text": "assays that basically are taken right"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5209.04,
+      "text": "out of the behaviorist handbook cuz the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5210.68,
+      "text": "one thing I think behaviorists got right"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5212.48,
+      "text": "is that they weren't worried about what"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5213.88,
+      "text": "the what the implementation was. And so,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5216.56,
+      "text": "it's very easy to apply their tools to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5219.0,
+      "text": "anything, right? Um so, we could we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5222.16,
+      "text": "could actually look for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5224.0,
+      "text": "habituation, sensitization, associative"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5225.96,
+      "text": "conditioning, delayed gratification,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5227.68,
+      "text": "path planning, you know, illusion, you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5230.8,
+      "text": "counterfactuals, all this kind of stuff."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5232.72,
+      "text": "We could we have assays now that we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5234.44,
+      "text": "look for all that stuff. Yeah. Well, and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5236.68,
+      "text": "and um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5239.16,
+      "text": "it's clear to me that we there's always"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5241.12,
+      "text": "going to be Markov chains that we can"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5242.4,
+      "text": "build to do that. So, it'll be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5244.28,
+      "text": "like they're they're universal Turing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5246.0,
+      "text": "machines."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5247.44,
+      "text": "Markov chains are universal. Yeah. I So,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5249.76,
+      "text": "I'm not talking about building ones that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5251.24,
+      "text": "do it. I'm talking about finding it in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5253.32,
+      "text": "in simple or random ones that you don't"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5255.36,
+      "text": "think should be doing it. That's that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5257.12,
+      "text": "the trick. We're we're we're finding"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5259.08,
+      "text": "this we're finding these capacities in"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5263.0,
+      "text": "very simple and and no no design, no"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5266.48,
+      "text": "selection. You know, you usually the the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5268.72,
+      "text": "three things you think you normally need"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5270.48,
+      "text": "you need rational design by an by an"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5272.68,
+      "text": "engineer, selection or you know,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5274.6,
+      "text": "evolution or learning, right? Those are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5276.4,
+      "text": "the three things you need. One of those"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5277.76,
+      "text": "three things you need. We're not doing"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5279.64,
+      "text": "any of that. We we're we're we're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5281.48,
+      "text": "pulling it out of you know, I don't I"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5283.16,
+      "text": "don't know. You'll you'll judge for"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5284.36,
+      "text": "yourself where where you think we're"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5285.88,
+      "text": "it's coming from. But but but I think we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5287.64,
+      "text": "could do that with with you know, random"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5290.08,
+      "text": "random"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5291.28,
+      "text": "matrices or whatever. That's that's"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5293.719,
+      "text": "right. We may be able to find matrices"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5295.64,
+      "text": "which um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5297.44,
+      "text": "what we're seeing in the organism is the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5298.76,
+      "text": "trace, but but the invisible states are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5302.2,
+      "text": "having a lot of the intelligence that"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5303.8,
+      "text": "that leads to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5305.4,
+      "text": "what you're seeing. And so, we write"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5306.8,
+      "text": "down the the matrix that even though the"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5309.719,
+      "text": "trace you can't see why it's doing that,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5311.6,
+      "text": "but it does it. But in the big matrix,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5313.719,
+      "text": "you see why it's doing it."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5316.92,
+      "text": "Yeah. I'm going to have to jump off,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5318.75,
+      "text": "I'm going to have to jump off,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5318.76,
+      "text": "guys. Great conversation."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5321.16,
+      "text": "Thanks, Chris. Good Chris, always a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5322.76,
+      "text": "pleasure. Yeah. See you. Yeah. Thanks,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5325.12,
+      "text": "Chris."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5325.96,
+      "text": "Good to see you, Chris."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5331.28,
+      "text": "I we we have the recording of this."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5333.92,
+      "text": "Uh yes. Yes, it is being recorded. Yep,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5335.88,
+      "text": "I will I'll send you guys a link. Yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5337.88,
+      "text": "if if everybody's okay with that, I'll"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5339.2,
+      "text": "put it up on our center channel, but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5340.52,
+      "text": "regardless, you you can all have a copy"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5342.0,
+      "text": "you can have a copy of it. That's fine"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5343.48,
+      "text": "with me. Yeah. Great. Perfectly fine."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5346.12,
+      "text": "Great. Yeah. Yeah, I think there's yeah,"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5347.719,
+      "text": "I think there's a ton of stuff to do."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5348.92,
+      "text": "So, why don't we, you know, go off and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5350.76,
+      "text": "and think about some some specific"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5352.48,
+      "text": "directions and let's let's come back. Um"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5354.8,
+      "text": "I I already have some thoughts, but but"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5356.52,
+      "text": "it'll be even there'll be lots more in a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5359.04,
+      "text": "few weeks when"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5360.44,
+      "text": "you know, when I can send around some"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5361.88,
+      "text": "preprints. I'm having my my students"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5364.12,
+      "text": "write these things up and so then"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5366.16,
+      "text": "Yeah. I'll send them out."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5367.24,
+      "text": "&gt;&gt; Very good. And if we maybe then pick a"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5368.8,
+      "text": "particular simple problem system that we"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5370.68,
+      "text": "can see what the trace logic might do on"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5373.0,
+      "text": "it and see where we go from there. That"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5374.84,
+      "text": "would be fun. Yeah, yeah, that'd be"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5376.44,
+      "text": "great."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5377.48,
+      "text": "And I think a natural extension of of"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5379.8,
+      "text": "our our formalism like after we we do"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5382.24,
+      "text": "the the FEP thing is basically try to to"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5385.32,
+      "text": "apply all all this stuff to it and and"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5388.0,
+      "text": "see how how you can get even deeper more"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5389.72,
+      "text": "interesting things you can say about all"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5392.0,
+      "text": "this computing intelligence across"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5394.72,
+      "text": "scales in more fine-grained manner than"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5396.76,
+      "text": "even the FEP allows. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5399.44,
+      "text": "Yeah. I think I think As we bring you"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5401.08,
+      "text": "the paper, I would I agree that this"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5402.6,
+      "text": "seemed to be a natural connection with"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5404.36,
+      "text": "what you're the project you guys are"
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5405.88,
+      "text": "doing right now. Absolutely. Yeah. Yeah."
+    },
+    {
+      "start": 5408.64,
+      "text": "Yeah. Good."
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621/artifacts/transcript_clean.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2422 @@
+Okay, so multi-scale logic of collective
+intelligence
+and it's what we call the the recursive
+trace logic. So, we've had the trace
+logic for couple years, but in the last
+couple months discovered a a recursive
+aspect to it that will lead into the
+notion of agency that's that's novel.
+So, this is
+this is different Chris than the
+conscious agent theory. It's a different
+notion of agency that we've had before.
+Um
+So, the big topics I'd like to
+Can you guys see me?
+Yeah.
+Okay.
+So, so I'm going to talk a little bit
+about um
+collective intelligence, our our model
+of collective intelligence, how it
+involves coarse graining, which is
+important to you guys,
+how it involves generative models,
+minimizing surprise automatically,
+bending problem spaces,
+a recursive notion of agency and self,
+a new intelligence metric for for agents
+we'll call lambda sub two and and its
+relationship to your measure K,
+and then um
+how this is all beyond space-time and
+and quantum theory and I'll start there
+just briefly about why I'm thinking
+entirely outside of space-time and
+quantum theory.
+The idea is that high energy theoretical
+physicists have
+are done with space-time. They say it's
+not fundamental. So, here's Nima
+Arkani-Hamed at the Institute for
+Advanced Study.
+Space-time is doomed. There's no such
+thing as space-time fundamentally in the
+actual underlying description of the
+laws of physics.
+And he's he makes it very very clear
+that he's saying you know, space-time
+and anything inside space-time and that
+includes anything with unitary
+evolution. He quantum theory in
+particular. So, he's going beyond
+space-time and quantum theory.
+And it's
+it's not just him. It's because of his
+success and and his collaborators the
+ERC has funded a 10 million euro
+initiative called Universe Plus and it's
+all about going entirely beyond
+space-time and entirely beyond quantum
+theory. Looking for what they're calling
+positive geometries. And so, there's
+over a hundred
+high energy theoretical physicists and
+mathematicians now working on this and
+they're finding stuff and I can talk a
+little bit about how it's related to
+what we're finding, but they're finding
+these positive geometries that give you
+scattering amplitudes
+without any quantum theory whatsoever.
+And you and you get it much more easily
+than
+and more simply than with quantum
+theory. So, it's it's really quite quite
+striking. So, so I'm stepping entirely
+outside of space-time. Yeah. Sorry, just
+a quick question.
+Maybe maybe naive, but this I just want
+to understand this this idea of
+space-time being doomed. So, on on that
+view if that were correct, what is the
+status of let's say general relativity?
+What what does it refer to you know, is
+it completely to be supplanted like what
+what what is that theory about then if
+Right. So, the idea is that the very
+notions of space and time, even the
+combination
+of them as space-time is not fundamental
+at all. So, general relativity will go
+the way of all theories. It will be a
+you know, like Newton we still use
+Newton for certain cases. We'll still
+use GR for certain cases, but we needed
+much a much deeper theory. Got it. The
+the the hard fact is that
+when you bring together GR and quantum
+theory,
+you find that space-time has no
+operational meaning
+at the Planck scale. 10 to the minus 33
+centimeters, 10 to the minus 43 seconds.
+It simply has no operational meaning.
+So, that that means we have to find a
+deeper foundation. So, these are only at
+best approximation theories.
+So, so Don just just to be clear in the
+in the obviously content vein in which I
+I know much of your your your theories,
+this is not only dynamiting the
+space-time at the empirical level. It's
+also
+ejecting it from any transcendental
+style considerations. It's it
+it is just a a
+until until we have something better is
+just the the placeholder, but it will it
+will die as a concept in our economy of
+thinking even about our experience, let
+alone the empirical physical world.
+Absolutely. That's that's the idea that
+we thought space and time were the
+fundamental nature of reality.
+We might have even [clears throat]
+thought they were a priori true or
+something, but but that's just wrong.
+All right. That's just plain wrong.
+And science has a way of forcing us.
+Yeah, if I could jump in here just to
+add one comment.
+if one formulates
+uh
+basic ideas of quantum theory outside
+space-time completely,
+then there many routes to
+which are under study by huge numbers of
+people again Sure.
+for generating space-time
+as a consequence
+of
+um
+basically assumptions about in quantum
+information theory.
+And also many many routes for generating
+Einstein's equations as either
+approximations or or again outcomes of
+other kinds of assumptions.
+So, GR turns into
+something like the status that classical
+physics has with respect to quantum
+theory in space-time.
+Which is a a limiting case, you know,
+something an approximation that's good
+in some circumstances for doing some
+things, which which is basically
+how Don just characterized it.
+So, yeah, there's there's lots and lots
+and lots of physics underlying this
+both in the high energy community and in
+the quantum information community.
+Right. And and what Nima and the ERC
+group are doing is is even going beyond
+that because they're they're saying
+we're not going to even start with
+quantum information theory. Anything
+quantum itself is going to arise joined
+tself is going to arise joined
+at the hip with space-time from
+something far deeper. So, so they want
+to show quantum information theory and
+general relativity arise together from
+something that couldn't care less about
+unitarity at all.
+So, that's that's what they're that's
+what they're after. So, there is no
+locality and there is no unitarity
+period in these new positive geometries.
+And they don't care about unitarity and
+they show that then quantum information
+theory
+comes out as a approximation and special
+case at the same time that you get
+space-time.
+So, that's
+so it's different than the the you know,
+Carlo Rovelli kind of approaches and so
+forth.
+&gt;&gt; [clears throat and cough]
+&gt;&gt; So, so and that's the approach they're
+So, so and that's the approach they're
+trying to
+&gt;&gt; should actually say that it contradicts
+most of quantum information theory
+because quantum information theory
+actually has nothing to do with
+So, the two arising together would be
+very unusual.
+Well, what what Nima has shown wants to
+show is that unitarity and locality
+together arise from these positive
+geometries. And then because you get
+unitarity arising from it, then you get
+the foundations for quantum information
+theory.
+So, that but you know, we'll see. You
+know, the proof is what if you can do
+it, right? Um
+So, yeah, that's I'm just trying to be
+clear about where they stand with
+respect to current approaches to trying
+to build up As you as as you say Chris,
+most of approaches that are trying to
+build space-time are starting with
+something quantum and these guys are
+not. They're saying we're not even
+having quantum. We're starting with what
+they just call positive geometries.
+So,
+So, that's just want to make clear how
+how out of the box they're thinking is.
+So, John Wheeler of course was trying to
+think out of the box and he was saying
+you know, someday this is 1990 in his
+wonderful book on gravity and
+space-time. He says someday surely we'll
+find we'll see a principle underlying
+existence is so
+simple, so beautiful, so obvious that
+we'd all say to each other, oh how could
+it have
+all been so blind so long. So, that's
+what we're looking for. And let's see.
+I'm not able to
+Can you guys hear me?
+We can hear you, yeah, but the slides
+are not advancing. Yeah, let's see.
+Okay, well, I guess it now it advanced.
+Okay. And he said about the same time in
+his famous book
+&gt;&gt; Don. Sorry, sorry. Ours we're still
+we're still seeing the title slide.
+Okay, let me try this again.
+We we only saw the the title page so
+far.
+Okay, I'll go back and try the That's
+weird.
+So, I'll
+Let's see.
+So, I'll go back to share. Sorry about
+that.
+No problem.
+Hm.
+That's weird. Let's
+Can you can you see that?
+We can, but it's still in um
+no problem.
+Yep.
+Yeah, there we Okay. Okay, so
+Right. So, Wheeler suggested that you
+know
+the note struck out on the piano by the
+observer participants of all places and
+all times bits of the are in and of by
+themselves constitute the great white
+world of space and time and things. So,
+he was trying to start with what he
+calls observer participants. And he
+thought that maybe somehow that was in
+his it from bit paper 1989.
+And he actually in his paper cited work
+that Shayton and I were doing our book
+observer mechanics. So, he was already
+thinking about the stuff we were doing
+with observers and participants back
+there back then.
+So, what's a minimal observer
+participant? I'm going to have we're
+going to start with just the absolute
+bare basics. They have experiences like
+smell of garlic, taste of mint. And
+these experiences can change. That's all
+I'm going to assume. That's the
+foundation of everything. So, my
+ontology is there are experiences
+and
+they can change.
+So, for example,
+maybe I have four experiences. A very
+very simple observer red, green, blue
+I'll call that yellow.
+And they change.
+So, now I'm seeing yellow. Now I'm
+seeing green. Now I'm seeing blue and so
+forth. They keep changing.
+A simple in fact the simplest and and
+most general way of talking about that
+is just to talk about Markov chains. So,
+the Markov matrix there
+the first row has you know that means if
+I see red now what's probably I'll see
+red next. The point three is if I see
+red now it's a three tenths chance that
+ow it's a three tenths chance that
+I'll get uh
+a 30% chance I'll get green next and so
+forth. That's just So, it's just a
+transition matrix probability of seeing
+the next color given that I'm seeing the
+current color. So, that's all Markov
+chains are there are these matrices of
+course a lot of complications come out
+of that.
+And one
+aspect [clears throat] of Markov chains
+is that they immediately estab-
+instantiate a very interesting kind of
+goal directed behavior. No matter how
+you what what state you start the Markov
+chain in
+it has a target stationary measure. In
+this case it's
+uh the thing on the left point three
+three point three zero point one six
+No matter what state you start this
+matrix in it is going to go eventually
+to that state.
+So, and you can perturb it as much as
+you want. It will resist the
+perturbation and head back to that
+target state. So, already we have in the
+very structure of this
+a goal directed behavior.
+So, and as as you guys in your papers
+talk about you know William James
+mentions that intelligence is having you
+know achieving a fixed goal with
+variable means of achieving it.
+So, that's the stationary measure
+and if you all have an ergodic Markov
+chain then you will have a stationary
+measure.
+Now, the idea is I want to have multi
+scale
+collective intelligence and so we need a
+notion of scale. So, I'm just going to
+take an observer that sees a subset of
+the states that this So, the first
+observer I was talking about has four
+colors it can see. Let's consider one
+that has only two. So, that's my notion
+of scale. How many you know the the
+subset relationship among the number of
+experiences that you have.
+Now, so here's the the key idea of
+everything we're going to be doing now.
+Suppose I take the matrix on the right
+as describing quote unquote
+the reality. This is what's happening.
+And but and those are the transitions.
+But this observer on the left only sees
+two red and green.
+What transition probabilities is it
+going to see?
+Right, there's there should be a formula
+given the the matrix on the right there
+should be some kind of computation we
+can do to give us a two by two matrix
+for the transitions on the left of the
+just in red and green. Does that idea
+make sense?
+Yep. Okay, good.
+when you do the mathematics it turns out
+that's the matrix. It's So, you get this
+very two by two matrix. Notice that the
+numbers are completely different from
+this matrix, right? There's
+it's not you're not just copying. It's a
+computation that you have to do.
+And so here are the two matrices you
+know the one on the right is the big
+matrix and if you just restrict
+attention to the red and green then you
+get the matrix on the left induced by
+the matrix on the right. And this is
+called the trace. So, the matrix on the
+left is called the trace of the matrix
+on the right. That's just standard in
+Markov theory that's been around for
+more than half half a century. So, this
+is not new to me or to us.
+Now,
+this
+you can actually the trace formula is
+important. I'm going to go through it
+because it has an important conceptual
+thing for us.
+So, the way you compute the trace. So, I
+got I'm going to take this matrix. I
+want to I'll call it matrix P
+and I want to you know get its trace on
+the red and green. So, first I'll just
+notice that we can take this matrix and
+divide it into four submatrices.
+Um there's a two by two matrix you know
+that has point two point three point
+five point two. That's for the red and
+green and so forth. Um
+that we'll call matrix A. So, that's
+going to be
+the states that are visible
+to the trace observer, right? So, A
+is the the submatrix based on the states
+that are going to be visible to the sub
+observer.
+C is the submatrix um relating states
+that are dark to this new observer. It
+doesn't see this. So, this is all
+dynamics that's dark to it.
+Okay?
+B
+is the matrix that is the exit. This is
+the exits from what you can see
+to to the dark region. So, B is the
+exits and D is the re-entrance. This is
+getting from the invisible world into
+the visible world.
+So, those are the submatrices that we're
+going to be using and here is the
+formula.
+This works universally.
+The trace So, the trace matrix on A
+which is you know the visible states is
+you just take the original matrix A. So,
+point two point three point five point
+two.
+And you add this interesting thing on
+the right. That I is the identity
+matrix.
+So, you take the identity matrix minus
+the dark matrix. So, I minus C is the
+identity minus the dark matrix. And you
+take its inverse.
+That has the effect of being able to
+explore all possible paths. There's
+infinite number of paths through C that
+you could take.
+So, you allow I minus C quantity inverse
+is exploring the infinite number of
+paths there and then you pre multiply by
+the exits and post multiply by the
+entrances.
+And you add that all up and that's your
+trace. So, that's the idea.
+You're basically
+you get the trace by looking at all the
+ways that you can go outside of the
+trace and then coming back into the
+trace.
+.
+The trace states, okay? That's the
+general formula.
+So, that's been around again that's not
+us. That's been around for a long time.
+So, you have hidden memories
+and controls. B, C, and D are going to
+be hidden layers of control that the
+that the agent A cannot see but will be
+influencing their behavior.
+So, that's going to be an interesting
+hidden memory kinds of possibilities now
+with B, C, and D. So, there's explicit
+memory changes when you change A
+directly
+but then there's going to be hidden.
+Just just one second to
+Can you please go back? In in this B, C,
+D so the the exits, the entrances, and
+the invisible. Is there any particular
+mapping to memory or control or is it
+more of a blanket category you're using
+hidden memory or controls? Like is
+memory for example C the dynamics hidden
+dynamics in C?
+Or that's or what's the control here? I
+suspect the exits and
+entrances would be more like control.
+Well, it it looks
+it turns out that you if you there's
+different ways to control. You can screw
+around with B. You can screw around with
+C, screw around with D, or all of the
+above in any combination you want. All
+of them together give you different ways
+of controlling. So, it's really quite
+fascinating the possibilities here.
+I'm going to go. Thanks.
+So, all of that is old. Here's the new
+stuff. We discovered just a couple years
+ago that the trace relationship gives
+you a partial order on all Markov
+chains.
+That was the discovery.
+And that's what sort of launched this
+whole thing. So, it's a partial order
+which
+which means that there is a logic.
+means that there is a logic.
+So, the so so the definition is that the
+a matrix M
+is less than or equal to a matrix N in
+the trace order if and only if M is a
+trace of N. That's it. One trivial
+definition but no one saw it before.
+It turns out that that definition gives
+you a multi scale logic
+of minimal surprise.
+And the reason it's minimal surprise is
+because the trace is the zero surprise
+view
+of the bigger matrix.
+That's the key idea.
+It is the zero surprise
+subset matrix view.
+And the
+We'll talk about the stationary measures
+as well. The stationary measure is
+identical to the it is a normalized
+restriction of the original stationary
+So, you have minimal surprise in the
+dynamics in fact zero surprise in the
+dynamics and in this in in the
+and in this in in the
+stationary measure again zero surprise.
+So, the trace logic is the logic of
+minimal surprise for arbitrary dynamical
+systems.
+So, that's the power of this because
+we
+minimizing surprise is of course
+key to intelligence a key to
+intelligence. But this is multi-scale.
+So, this is the multi-scale logic of
+minimal surprise.
+what about this trace logic? The set of
+all Markov chains form a non-Boolean
+logic
+under the trace order. It's it's it's
+non-Boolean.
+that means that there's no global top,
+there's no global negation, there's
+many matrices do not have meets and
+joints or hands and ors.
+However, so
+it does have a notion of meet, join,
+not, and entails generally, but many
+matrices are not compatible. So, they
+may or may not have meets and joints.
+So, it's a very very complex logic.
+However, if you take any particular
+Markov chain P
+and you look at all of its traces
+they form a Boolean sub-logic.
+So, I can pick any Markov chain I want
+to anyone at random, look at all of its
+traces all those Markov matrices
+together form a Boolean logic. So, the
+notion of and or not
+um are completely well defined.
+And this Boolean logic has two to the
+end members. If there's n experiences
+then there are two two to the end
+members in this Boolean logic and
+traces.
+so that's
+if you think about it all we've got
+right now are we don't have agency yet.
+Although you I showed you that that
+notion of goal-directed behavior which
+is sort of like a a proto agency kind of
+thing. Already these matrices are going
+toward their stationary measure no
+matter how you perturb them. So, already
+there is this interesting notion of of
+some kind of agency going on there.
+But now here's the key idea.
+Here's the and this this is only now two
+months old this idea. And that's why
+this when I had this idea I realized
+that it was time to talk with you guys.
+Once we have
+the trace logic I've talked about is a
+logic on observer windows.
+So, it's the the the space an infinite
+space of all possible observer windows.
+There's this minimal surprise logic on
+all of it the trace logic cleanly well
+defined.
+how do I want to do model agency? And
+this is this is the new idea just in the
+last few weeks.
+Agency is a matter of changing which
+window I want to look through.
+I want to have a policy
+for how if I'm looking at the world this
+way then how do I want to look at the
+world next?
+And how do I do that? Well, another
+Markov chain. The Markov kernel will say
+what's the probability if if this is my
+current window that my next current
+window will be such and such. The way
+you write that down is again a Markov
+matrix. So, what we have is a policy
+is a Markov matrix on the trace logic
+itself. So, the trace logic is the
+entire logic of minimal surprise on
+possible conscious observers.
+That's what it is. And the first step of
+agency is to say let's crawl along the
+trace logic.
+That's the first baby step in agency.
+The first ability to crawl along
+the trace logic.
+Now, if we look at the collection of all
+I'll call those Markov kernels policies.
+Each Markov kernel is a policy. It's a
+it's a first order of agency.
+And since they're Markov matrices
+they satisfy their own trace logic. So,
+we now have a trace we have the first
+trace logic of observer windows. Now, we
+start crawling on that trace logic of
+observer windows. That's our first layer
+of agency.
+It has its own trace logic.
+That's its own So, let's one call this
+recursive trace
+um logic. It's recursive now.
+And you can see we can do this ad
+infinitum. Once we have the trace logic
+of policies, I can now crawl on it and
+get meta policies. And so, I can take
+agency to whatever layer of complexity I
+want. We can start with the baby layer.
+We can start with just the observer
+windows and explore those then study
+policies and then meta policies and
+build up recursively to ever um deeper
+notions of agency.
+So, just at top level we can think of at
+the a policy is simply a path through
+the trace logic of observer windows.
+That's that's the simplest case, right?
+So, I had I started off with a a three
+um state window and maybe I move to a
+two-state window and then I move to a
+one-state window and that was what my my
+policy was. And so, I've got a Markov
+kernel that does that.
+Um and then a meta policy would say I've
+got thousands of thousands of policies.
+I now have the flexibility to choose my
+policies based on whatever goals I might
+have.
+policies can model attention shifts,
+scale shifts, reparameterizations.
+It can
+um maybe describe a subsystem that I
+think is now driving um
+my future
+decisions my policies.
+So, the recursive trace logic is the
+collection of all policies
+with their trace logics and and then
+recurse recurse recurse again. So, uh
+it's a whole hierarchy of trace logics.
+Each trace logic itself is infinite.
+So, we have a choice of policy, meta
+policy, meta meta policy, and so forth.
+So, [clears throat]
+so we've talked about stationary
+measures
+um and you know, they're sort of a a
+minimal kind of notion of goal-directed
+behavior.
+we can write down a a simple
+intelligence metric um
+based on
+Markov chains.
+&gt;&gt; [clears throat]
+&gt;&gt; So, it turns out that for any
+So, it turns out that for any
+probability measure pi
+there are many Markov chains for which
+pi is a stationary measure.
+Okay? So, if you specify a a stationary
+measure um
+and you ask what what is the Markov
+chain that has a stationary measure?
+That's the wrong question. There's an
+infinite class of Markov chains that
+will have that stationary measure and
+they vary in very interesting ways. They
+for for one, they have different rates
+of convergence.
+So, some
+some will have this goal-directed
+behavior where they're going almost
+immediately to the goal. No matter where
+you start them, they will go almost in
+in just a couple steps to the goal and
+others will converge very very slowly.
+So, we get to choose in in the trace
+logic we can choose how quickly we want
+to converge to our goal.
+Right? So, this is very going to be very
+interesting because search efficiency is
+of course your measure K is is is a a
+model of intelligence. So, we have a
+dial here that we can dial the
+intelligence. And it may be that
+you know,
+you might be have high intelligence with
+respect to a goal, but there may be some
+sub-goals. It turns out that if you if
+you go quickly to your this this
+stationary measure, you may not do other
+things intelligently. So, we're going to
+be careful which Markov chain we choose
+depending on what what goals we're
+trying to get to. So, there are many
+goals that you can get and I want to
+talk about that and its possibilities.
+So, there's differing rates of
+convergence and the convergence rate is
+dominated by lambda two lambda sub two
+which is the largest eigenvalue of the
+Markov matrix. You take the Markov
+matrix and do its eigenvalue analysis.
+The the largest eigenvalue has value
+eigenvalue has value one.
+Um the but then you find the largest
+eigenvalue that's less than one and that
+gives you that that pretty much tells
+you the rate of convergence for um that
+particular Markov chain. So, there are
+Markov chains with different lambda twos
+that all have the same stationary
+measure and so they converge to it at
+different rates.
+so, there is a
+then a connection between this Markov
+notion of intelligence which is the
+lambda two convergence and and your your
+your metric which is K. And the the
+relationship is just a simple um
+equation.
+where
+T sub M would be um
+your would be our lambda essentially our
+lambda two the rate of convergence. And
+T blind would be say, you know, just a
+random walk that does not that's not
+smart.
+Right. So, so there is a deep
+connection.
+But now here here's a a little tricks.
+We we want to have um
+what as you guys talk about you talk
+about different layers. It's
+hierarchical and higher layers can bend
+the the the geometry of the problem
+space for lower layers. And so, how do
+you model model that with Markov chains?
+Well, it turns out um there
+you can have lots of different so-called
+community structures. So, again for any
+stationary measure pi there are an
+infinite number of Markov chains that
+have pi stationary, but that have
+differing community structures.
+So now community structure is roughly is
+like is like you probably know but about
+it, but I'll just say briefly. You could
+have you know thousands of thousands of
+states in this Markov chain, maybe a few
+hundred are tightly connected over here,
+a few hundred are tightly connected over
+there. There's just a few cross links.
+So the whole thing is ergodic, but
+basically you you might have like 10
+communities that are tightly knit.
+Now within each of those communities,
+maybe my hundred state community, if I
+look at it more closely, it itself is
+composed of maybe
+three new sub communities. In other
+words, you can have an infinite number
+of communities, sub communities, sub
+communities all the way down
+as far as you want. Um
+and all having the same stationary
+measure. So what this gives us is you
+might have one big goal, reach the
+stationary measure, but you could have
+subgoals, which community. The way you
+get there is the different communities
+that you might emphasize as you go down.
+So it gives you this multi-scale
+flexibility.
+And and the community structure turns
+out mathematically is dictated by the
+eigenvectors when you do the you know
+analysis of the matrix again.
+The eigenvectors with eigenvalues close
+to one because they involve slow mixing
+between communities. So the communities
+themselves
+mix inside themselves, but they don't
+mix between the communities very much.
+So
+we have state we can have policies then
+that are trying to you know focus on
+stationary measures, community
+structures, convergence rates,
+uh particular dynamical models, and and
+so forth. Um
+So policies can be looking at all these
+things and and trying to optimize. And
+then the meta policies can explore
+different policies. We can have meta
+policies and meta meta policies
+exploring at different rates. Um
+So this starts to give us a recursive
+notion of agency. And in some sense, the
+reason I'm bringing this up is here is a
+framework of mathematical tools that
+give that that's incredibly simple.
+There's one definition, the trace.
+That's the only mathematics there. And
+then there's one observation, the trace
+logic.
+And then the third observation is it's
+recursive. That's it. And then all the
+tool that's it and all the tools are at
+your disposal.
+So meta policies can explore different
+policies. And the deeper the recursion
+that we go
+in terms of making deeper and deeper
+trace logics, we get deeper and deeper
+notions of agency. So we can actually
+explore just policies for our simplest
+notion of agency and then go to meta
+policies
+to discover you know deeper notions of
+agency and so forth. So we can take it
+one step at a baby step at a time.
+Now in terms of how does this relate to
+notions of Markov blankets
+and the self versus the world? Um Markov
+blankets [clears throat] as you will
+know are are strictly speaking defined
+for directed acyclic graphs. And there
+you know they they define a boundary
+between self and the world.
+And
+I want to upgrade these notions to
+Markov chains. Right? So and
+the idea of the upgrade is
+um Markov chains are graphs,
+but they're not acyclic. They they allow
+cycles. So this is one upgrade. We we're
+upgrading from acyclic graphs to cyclic
+graphs. And then we're upgrading to
+labeled cyclic graphs,
+namely labeled by the transition
+probabilities. So that's that's what I
+mean by upgrade. And we're going beyond
+directed acyclic graphs to something
+that's that's far more general.
+So we have to So the
+So we we'll want to move from you know
+the standard notion of Markov blanket to
+what I would call a trace blanket. And
+here now
+we have to actually construct the self
+and the world.
+we need to
+the way we will do that is
+and by the way now you know
+I'm just saying at top level. We have to
+do a lot of hard work here.
+But it's going to be policies and meta
+policies and what they what they do.
+And certain experiences like what
+experiences of
+pleasure and pain will be part of the
+experiences agents have and
+to the extent that certain actions lead
+to
+greater hitting of the pleasure centers,
+the pleasure the higher put it the
+higher stationary measure for the
+pleasure, then that they'll be
+sought. And to higher stationary
+measures for the pain, they they will be
+less sought.
+They will be avoided. And
+so the idea will be
+there'll be pleasure and pain guides,
+but there'll also be
+I'm thinking that policies
+What policies do is they say um
+given that I'm looking through this
+particular observer window, what's the
+probability that I'll now look through
+that window over there or that window
+over there? If
+&gt;&gt; [snorts]
+&gt;&gt; Don, can I ask you Yeah. Can I interrupt
+Don, can I ask you Yeah. Can I interrupt
+with a question?
+A couple of sentences ago was the first
+time you used the word action.
+And is an action in this framework just
+a change in policy?
+So each
+um it is, but it's not just a change in
+policy. So an action would be um
+an a policy itself gives you an action
+on observer windows cuz your action is
+to change observer windows. Okay.
+A meta policy gives you a a higher level
+of action because you're now changing
+policies.
+Right? And then a meta meta policy would
+be an even higher level of action
+because you're changing your meta
+policy.
+Okay. So So actions
+So actions are all either
+changing what you're looking at or
+changing how you decide what you what
+how you decide what you what
+you're looking at. That's right. Okay.
+Great.
+It's a recursive notion of action now.
+Right. So So now
+I'm just thinking through this last bit,
+but it seems like some policies,
+for example, now So now I'm looking at
+just the smallest level of action.
+Some policies, if they have certain
+things that you that
+always appear in your observer window.
+So for example, in my observer windows,
+my hands and my body often appear.
+Whereas other things that I call the
+external world don't appear that often.
+And I also notice that I seem to be able
+to directly control my hands and my
+body.
+But if I want to have my phone move, I
+need to move my hand so that I can pick
+up the phone to move the phone. So what
+what I am going to say is that we we
+really have to it So in in the Markov
+blanket approach, right? The
+The Markov blanket has a clean
+definition. It's you know you give me a
+set of nodes, their blanket is their the
+parents of the nodes, the offspring of
+the nodes, and the parents of the
+offspring of the nodes. End of story.
+That is your blanket. That's your skin.
+That's your boundary between you and the
+world. Here it's much more complicated.
+Now I have to use the notion of agency
+in a non-trivial fashion and learn
+probabilistically
+what features of my
+sequence of observer windows that I'm
+having remain
+there most of the time. My hands are
+there most of the time. And they're
+And they're
+associated certain actions with my hands
+are associated with pleasure signals,
+others associated with pain signals. So
+I'm learning to do certain things with
+my hands and don't stick them in the
+fire, things like that. Other things
+are are much more contingent. They
+So I can use probabilities of what I'm
+seeing in my observer windows as a way
+of starting to construct myself versus
+the outside world plus these pleasure
+and pain guides. Don, can I ask you
+another question? Sure. Sure. Uh you you
+talked about actions with your hands.
+What does that mean in terms of uh
+changing what you're looking at? Since
+the only action is changing what you're
+looking at,
+what does it mean to control what your
+hands are doing? Right, because so
+that's that's a great question, Chris,
+because what that means is
+I want an observer window I have an
+observer window where my hand is
+touching my ear. Now I want an observer
+window in which my hand is touching my
+leg.
+And so I transition to that observe So
+what's happening is I'm choosing what I
+want to see in my movie next.
+And that's what we call moving my hand.
+It's a completely You have to really
+think out of the box now. This is it's
+it's really it's a choice of what I want
+to see next. And that's what the actions
+are.
+Okay. Okay. Great.
+It's very it's in a very austere What
+What I love about it is it's austere.
+There's only one equation and one logic
+and and so you have very very tight
+guides.
+And yet the the claim is we should be
+able to get everything out of it.
+But that's what I love is a theory
+that's that forces you to do it in a
+principled way.
+Now Bayesian inference, I'll just we can
+talk about more but if you want, but
+I'll just mention briefly.
+Bayes' rule um falls out of the meet
+uh the and of the trace logic. And we
+can go into how that's the case. It's
+It's
+beautiful and non-trivial, but Bayesian
+inference is effectively a special case
+of the meat of the trace logic. And if
+you want, we can go into that.
+And you know, you guys talk about
+bending the option space and
+and I
+I want to say that Yeah, I'm taking the
+notion of space
+Of course, that was metaphorical when
+you talk about bending the option space,
+but there is a
+a real sense in which I want to get
+space and space-time itself. And what
+I'm working on quite heavily and with
+with a couple others is I believe that
+we can actually boot up
+um special and general relativity
+entirely from the trace logic.
+so that's that's the claim that
+relativistic space-time can be
+constructed entirely from the trace
+logic. And this would be then fulfilling
+John Wheeler's goal that starting with
+only observer participants that we can
+build up all of space-time physics. And
+that's that's
+the the goal of where we're headed. Um
+and I'll just give you This will be the
+last thing I do and then we can have a
+conversation about it.
+Just to give you a hint about how that
+would happen.
+Um it's standard in Markov chain theory
+to have what are called in um enhanced
+Markov chains. So, you have a Markov
+chain, but you also have a counter.
+Every time your experience flips, you
+know, you you change experience, your
+counter increments.
+So, here I've got a case where I've got
+the the the four um
+color agent and then there's the sub
+agent of just red and green.
+And notice that um each There's a
+counter for the red and green and
+there's a counter for all four. And
+notice the counter on the left is going
+much faster than the counter on the
+right because it's seeing more
+experiences.
+So, the counters go at The counters for
+the sub agents or so I'm sorry, sub sub
+windows, sub sub observers are going at
+a slower rate than the the ones above
+them. So, if I'm less than you in the
+trace logic, my time counter is going
+less than you than than the one. So, the
+trace logic also is giving you a um a
+relationship among counters and that we
+claim is the time dilation of special
+relativity and general relativity.
+That's where it comes from.
+So, it's all about
+observer windows and their counters. And
+it turns out that the distances can also
+be derived. And it turns out that the
+distances that you will get in in the
+window
+um the trace window are different than
+the distances you'll get in the in the
+bigger. And so, we're we're This is
+where we're hoping to get general
+relativity coming out of this. Just
+simply there's notions of um essentially
+something like the commute time between
+states.
+Uh and and similar notions. The commute
+time, I'll just give you that
+concretely. It's the the expected time
+of uh starting at green
+um getting to blue and then back to
+green. What's the expected number of
+steps that I you know, starting at green
+I'll get to blue and then back to green.
+And it turns out there's that's um
+that expected time can be viewed as the
+square of Euclidean distance.
+So, there are there are canonical ways
+of getting Euclidean distances from
+commute time properties. And And other
+there there are Dirichlet um measures
+which are even more to the point, but
+more complex. I won't go into them.
+But there are ways of going from um
+the trace logic gives us effectively the
+time dilation and length contractions of
+special and general relativity is the
+idea.
+Um so, time runs lower on the trace.
+gaps between ticks are So, so I'm I'll
+just leave it at that. I think that's
+enough for us to I'll stop the share so
+we can we can talk about it. But I just
+wanted to give you guys a feel and I can
+send you guys some papers on this, but I
+wanted us to have a little time to talk
+about This is just a
+We haven't solved the agency framework
+the agency thing. What we've got is a
+language now that's principled for
+talking about agency.
+Yeah, thanks very much, Don. That was
+amazing. Um
+Uh I I have a question that I can the
+general question. What do What do you
+make of the fact that you're apparently
+pulling out descriptions of physics and
+descriptions of agency out of the same
+starting starting material? Does that
+I think Well, you know, something I've
+been saying for quite a while is that
+space-time's just a headset.
+And we're we're effectively saying we
+can build the headset.
+Space-time is is not the reality that's
+independent of us then we're little tiny
+little
+There you go.
+Our our typical view is, you know,
+Hoffman is this tiny little 160-lb thing
+inside of massive massive space-time
+universe. And I'm saying, "No, no, no.
+This that's
+What we call Hoffman is just an avatar
+inside a a space-time headset that's
+being created by consciousness."
+And the proof of the pudding is, can we
+build the headset?
+Right? So, the idea is that that
+space-time What we have for the for this
+approach to go through, we have to be
+able to show that we can get special
+relativity, no hand wave, just from the
+And also general relativity and quantum
+theory. We we have to be able to show
+that we can get entanglement and all of
+this stuff
+simply from from the trace logic and
+Markov chain. Now, one
+one objection that someone might have is
+to say, "Look, Markov chains they're
+they're you know, in quantum theory we
+have unitary matrices. You know,
+what are you dealing with? You just have
+Markov matrices. You don't have these
+nice unitary matrices. So, how you going
+to do that?"
+And uh
+the idea is um
+most Markov matrices are not unitary,
+but there are some that are.
+Um they they are measures There are a
+subset of the Markov matrices that are
+unitary. And when you look at the um
+long-term behavior of a Markov matrix
+the asymptotic behavior, it turns out
+that the
+the way that you the eigen functions
+This is now when we go to those enhanced
+Markov chains. And this is work that
+Chetan and I did back in 2014.
+Chetan discovered that the
+eigen functions of the enhanced Markov
+chains are identical in form to the
+quantum wave functions of free
+particles. Identical.
+So, the idea is going to be
+that quantum
+theory arises as an asymptotic
+description
+of a Markov dynamics.
+So, the Markov dynamics gives you a
+step-by-step-by-step
+analysis of agency and consciousness.
+Quantum theory
+only gives you
+the asymptotic behavior, not the
+step-by-step behavior.
+So, that's going to be that's going to
+be the the the connection.
+Again, this is all a matter of theorem
+and proof. This is you know, either
+we're right or we're wrong. This is
+theorem and proof or theorem and
+disproof.
+Now, one one might say, "Well, um you
+know,
+you have the no-cloning theorem in
+You know, what about that in Markov
+chains and so forth?" And it turns out
+if you look carefully
+at the look no-cloning theorem, the the
+proof of it does not require unitarity.
+It only requires linearity. Markov
+chains are linear and they have their
+own no-cloning theorem.
+So, I see no obstruction right now. We
+just have to do the hard work, but I see
+we have a a principled notion of agency.
+And it it shows us how the
+the
+nested community structure can give us
+nested
+goals and bending, you know, nested
+bending of problem spaces.
+And we can actually
+not only talk about
+metaphorically about bending the problem
+spaces, we actually can show I I think
+we'll be able to show that we can
+actually have real space-time curved
+representations of bending, you know,
+general relativistic descriptions of
+bending.
+Mike, may may I share you you you
+remember the
+the we were taking this project and and
+embedding it in into the variational
+free energy principle and all that. So,
+may I share now the the screen to to to
+show Don and and Chetan what what we
+already have? I mean, mind you all, we
+This is work from 1 year ago. We still I
+still didn't get to to develop it in
+full. It's, let's say, maybe 80%
+done. So, on the
+on the left you you see this book. This
+will come soon. It's Karl's book on the
+free energy principle on the nature of
+things. It's It's the
+uh the big a big monograph monographs of
+the latest version, I suspect. So,
+Yeah. We didn't we didn't push this
+paper
+because I also wanted to have access to
+the latest form of this
+before we would push. So,
+the synthesis paper had on only a few
+uh dropped names of uh variational free
+energy and and and and the decomposable
+way in which you can assess intelligence
+and and true scale-free quantification
+and and and and recursive decomposition
+and and recursive decomposition
+in that sense. So, in this project, we
+tried to do it within
+the free energy principle framework. So,
+within the the variational base
+framework, right? So, we take all these
+problem space operators and and embed
+them into a physical variational physics
+descriptions. And we also end up on some
+of the things that you you don't and and
+and Chetan mentioned like the for
+example, when we we can have uh
+the the issue of free normalization and
+then and then getting ways in which you
+can decompose and quantify across scales
+additive gains in search efficiency at
+different scales and then do it globally
+for for as a as a whole total of the of
+the system depending on how you would
+how efficiency gains are cashed out at
+different levels. So, that can be
+embedded in the variational logic of the
+free energy principle for sure and using
+using the more pedestrian thing in the
+sense of like the all the the the nest
+assumption and and and the Helmholtz
+decomposition and then building on that
+building a minimal Landau style floor of
+of cost per unit operator and and and
+efficiency gains. So, this is not done
+but what I I want to say is that
+seeing you present this just now, it is
+clear to me that the you provide way
+more finer algebraic structure for us to
+probe even deeper into this
+decomposition and then look at what you
+mentioned the community structure and
+all these sort of effects you would get
+and what would appear to us at the scale
+and metric of observation as an
+efficiency gain might come from
+innumerable ways of of of tiling that
+problem space or or or bending the
+problem space or or just doing
+just doing
+in your terms just uh changing the
+observation frame by communities and and
+certain communities having different
+policies and then meta policies based on
+the higher order aggregates and so on.
+So, I think it's definitely valuable
+even going even if it were something
+that's built after this is pushed
+because this will be finished quite
+soon. Right. It's definitely worth
+looking into it and and the connection
+with physics is certainly is certainly
+impressive for sure. The that's the hard
+work, you know.
+This is less hard.
+Well, I would certainly welcome any
+interactions you guys want to have on
+this once once your current projects are
+you you you get to a certain place
+because I think
+as I listen to your work, I realize our
+ideas are really converging quite nicely
+here and I think that there's a
+synergy. The nice thing about the Markov
+stuff is that it's it's so well studied
+they they've they you just look at the
+you the the eigen analysis of these
+matrices to get a lot of this stuff. So,
+there are lots of papers out there about
+the community structure and and so
+forth. So, we would just have to do our
+homework and understand and a lot of
+that stuff we could just then port in
+here and
+it's it's it's really quite well
+understood. The only thing they didn't
+have was the trace logic
+and the fact that it can recurse. That's
+what they that's what they were missing
+to pull this whole picture together.
+&gt;&gt; Interesting. Very interesting. Yeah.
+Interesting. Very interesting. Yeah.
+What do you think would happen or maybe
+you've already done it but to apply some
+of the
+causal emergence metrics to to the to
+the dynamics of these things, you know,
+or like some of the stuff that you guys
+do Robert or some of the like more
+conventional stuff that we have
+have you you know, phi d and all that
+kind of stuff. Have you
+have you done that at all?
+Me or Don? Mike? Uh well well Don on his
+stuff and then and then if they haven't
+done it yet, then I'm going to say
+maybe we should. So, you know, so say a
+little bit more about the causal
+emergence question. I want to make sure
+I understand that that question.
+Well, you know, and I mean Robert's the
+better person to speak to it but there's
+a there are a variety of new
+newish metrics in information theory
+that basically try to quantify some
+important aspects of agency, right? So,
+the the extent to which the whole is
+in some sense
+causally more than its parts, you know,
+phi all that stuff. Oh oh oh right. That
+kind of exactly right. That's what I'm
+getting at. Have have you tried any of
+those metrics on on the dynamical path
+of these things?
+Well, yeah. So,
+so
+a lot of that work has been
+the motivation between that Tononi and
+and Co and so forth has has been to
+somehow have consciousness be a function
+of the amount of causal emergence,
+right?
+And you know, to the extent that you the
+phi is the you know, the system with the
+the the greatest
+causal
+measure. And
+those are those are very very useful. I
+think they have nothing to do with
+consciousness. Yeah, I'm not making any
+claims about consciousness. I'm I'm just
+asking you know, just you know, just
+step one of of getting the measurements
+and seeing seeing what's going on as far
+as Oh sure. I think that would honest as
+long as there's no claims about that and
+consciousness, I'm all for it. I think
+that that stuff is that's that's really
+good work. Absolutely.
+What I think is bogus is saying that
+consciousness has something to do with
+that. I think that's bogus.
+But [clears throat] but yeah. I I
+but we haven't done that ourselves. So,
+we haven't done that would be So, the
+answer is we haven't gone there yet and
+that Yeah.
+It may it may be interesting to do just
+just to get some some data and just to
+do some measurements. I mean, we've
+we've been doing it on
+gene regulatory networks and all sorts
+of weird things and there's some really
+interesting but I would we haven't said
+a word about consciousness we had with
+respect to that but
+just just the data alone I think are
+already interesting whatever the
+interpretation. Your data has really
+inspired me the last few months. I've
+just really your work your whole team
+has really inspired me. It really forced
+me to think out of the box about what
+this thing can do. So, thank you. I
+mean, it's been really quite fun.
+Thanks. Your your your your podcast with
+Lex Fridman, I've listened to it like
+five times or something like that.
+&gt;&gt; Don Don I mean on on this topic
+Don Don I mean on on this topic
+specifically, do you think you could use
+not the inverse trace
+as a sort of hypothesis generation for
+this kind of experiments and this kind
+of data because
+I mean I mean it seems like you do the
+construction sort of you would in this
+paper at least in the paper in this
+case, we did it mostly forward but you
+you
+you do have a calculus and an algebra
+for doing it backwards. So, you have
+let's say an observed effective kernel P
+sub A on the visible states A and then
+with the trace chain theorem says that
+any cons any consistent extension P with
+the hidden states A prime was it? Yeah,
+A prime. Then that must satisfy
+basically the the the theorem. So, then
+the A B C D sort of like a tuples is a
+sort of parameterized hypothesis space
+about hidden mechanisms and then it just
+becomes an an an an an inverse problem,
+right? It is is just that. So, if that's
+the case and we have a lot of data in
+our in our Synthesizer paper, we used
+the the planarian
+regeneration example and I know we use
+the data in that literature but there is
+also way more data in in GRNs and stuff
+like that. So, do you think you could we
+could have a sort of
+a model in the inverse trace that would
+distinguish between different hypotheses
+that explain best the data that we see?
+Yes, in the following sense. So, the the
+trace logic because it's a logic, there
+is the notion of not only the meet but
+also the join.
+The join, yeah. So, I can take two
+matrices
+and if they are compatible
+if they're
+&gt;&gt; for example part of a Boolean sub logic,
+for example part of a Boolean sub logic,
+then they they have a join.
+Now, Chetan has done the hard work of
+getting a closed form solution for very
+special cases and it turns out to get a
+general closed form solution is an open
+problem.
+But we but
+the the
+and and the interesting thing is so
+there there
+there can be a join. There can also be
+can be a join. There can also be
+so, the join is the least upper bound,
+right? Between two.
+But you could also have in some cases
+Chetan has pointed out that there could
+be
+a whole say one parameter family of
+minimal upper bounds.
+So, it's going to be very very
+interesting. We we with the trace logic
+for certain matrices, there may not be a
+a unique least upper bound. There could
+a family of minimal upper bounds and
+then we may be able to use other um
+factors to choose one that we want.
+&gt;&gt; criteria So, other criteria for for what
+we want. Maybe we want something that's
+the the you know,
+some kind of minimize complexity or
+maximum complexity or or or or you know,
+causal causal structure or greatest
+causal structure or something like that.
+structure or something like that.
+So, there are all sorts of things that
+we could do. So, so
+I we don't know if there is a general
+closed form formula for computing the
+join. Chetan has it for a special case.
+It it's a fair bet that there is not
+one. That's going to be interesting to
+to it's an interesting open mathematical
+problem to study the join of this thing.
+And and and we I can give you the the
+the unpublished paper we have so far
+where Chetan's stuff is there and you
+can see what we've got so far
+and it's open as to you know, how to to
+generalize that to
+or to prove that it cannot be done,
+right? But it cannot be generalized.
+&gt;&gt; Mhm. Yeah, I know. It's it's it's super
+interesting. Yeah, I I would definitely
+love to to to see those papers and I I
+read I read some some of your stuff and
+also the
+the latest on Faces of Consciousness. I
+I I went through through most of it.
+Very Okay, you've seen the trace of
+consciousness paper, right? Okay. So, so
+it's in the appendix at the at the at
+the back of that paper that you already
+have, um you'll see Chetan's work um
+on on
+what we have so far on the join.
+Yeah, work in progress. Yeah.
+Of course. Yeah,
+I know I know if you work because I am
+one of my best friends is Robert
+Breadner, so I we talk a lot. We just
+submitted a paper on on IIT and and and
+causal agent's theory. Oh, yes, right,
+right.
+&gt;&gt; Yeah, of course we know Robert quite
+Yeah, of course we know Robert quite
+well, yeah.
+So, I have a question, John, about the
+definition of the trace.
+The the trace of any Markov
+process is also a Markov process, right?
+Yes.
+Yeah, okay.
+So, do you have Do you have an available
+model
+observations that are or sequences of
+observations that are not Markov?
+not Markov?
+So, uh sequences of observations that
+violate
+constant probability of switching from
+one state to the next.
+So, so that the probability is not well
+Right, it depends on your your time
+window and how you want to coarse-grain
+the states, right? So,
+it's
+one one can say that look, there are
+many many systems that um
+aren't
+it's not the case that if you look at
+the the states I've given you, that the
+probability of the next state is
+can be given exactly just based on the
+current state.
+You might need to have look at three
+states or five states or 10 states or
+whatever, you know, you're bigger a
+bigger bigger window to to get
+uh the probability.
+&gt;&gt; But but in those cases, you can always
+But but in those cases, you can always
+then create new states and then turn it
+Markov.
+So, basically
+&gt;&gt; You can expand the the state space.
+Actually multiply it. And there's there
+can be a combinatorial explosion,
+though. You do need to be aware of that
+possibility.
+&gt;&gt; [music]
+&gt;&gt; um
+and this only works for finite memory.
+It doesn't work for
+infinite memory.
+But even for finite memory, you you do
+have to be a little careful
+that
+I mean, the combinatorics can get nuts.
+Which is seems to be often the problem
+in consciousness research.
+Right, you know, I I'm
+I'm of course mainly interested in uh
+issues like contextuality and quantum
+theory, where
+you have groups of observations for
+joint probabilities can't be defined.
+And so, um
+can't
+build a single self-consistent
+hidden variable theory.
+So, I I don't know whether the formalism
+will handle that sort of situation or
+not.
+Since Since you do seem to be always
+assuming well-defined probability
+distributions.
+Can you say more about the system that
+that that doesn't work, Chris?
+&gt;&gt; Uh well, contextuality is is defined as
+as a as a phenomenon
+sets of observations
+uh over which
+no
+sets of observations for which a joint
+probability distribution is undefinable.
+For which the statistics
+violate the Kolmogorov axioms.
+I suspect that the fact that
+joins don't always work might have
+something to do with that.
+&gt;&gt; That's what I was thinking, too.
+Yeah, that that's that's
+&gt;&gt; I I originally thought your question was
+about,
+you know, having the same probabilities
+every time. And of course, you don't
+need that with Markov chains. They don't
+have to be homogeneous, but that's not
+your question. It's It's much
+It's It's more abstract than that. Yeah.
+But I
+that you know, what I would my hope
+would be to to somehow find sub logics
+&gt;&gt; actually look like quantum logics.
+Right.
+&gt;&gt; But you know, that
+if that happens, then we could possibly
+answer your question in affirmative.
+I mean, that would be one way to do it.
+Okay. So, uh another way to think of it
+in your formalism might be if there are
+pairs Yeah, this would be part of what
+look like a quantum logic. If you have
+pairs in the trace logic network that
+don't commute.
+Oh, easily.
+That That may be a way of approaching
+this joint question, John.
+Yeah, that matrices have no joint. Yeah,
+to get back to your comment about
+unitarity
+um at the very beginning.
+And unitarity is really just
+conservation of information.
+Kolmogorov probability is really just
+So, if you don't have
+situations in which
+information is actually lost in some
+global sense,
+sort of at
+informational singularities,
+[clears throat]
+if you will,
+then
+the system
+satisfies unitarity
+as it's used as an axiom within the
+information theory, which is just
+&gt;&gt; So, that this is where I was I was
+So, that this is where I was I was
+emphasize this disassoci- this complete
+dissociation, actually, of unitarity
+from
+any spatial considerations.
+But okay, anyway, that's
+that's sort of an aside. The The real
+question is about
+contextuality.
+Right, right. Yeah, it is striking that
+that Nima
+Arkani-Hamed and these
+high-energy theoretical physicists are
+are strident that they're not assuming
+unitarity.
+They're They're strident about it.
+They're saying, "We don't need it."
+saying, "We don't need it."
+And we'll show that it arises
+uh these positive geometries that that
+are entirely outside of space-time. So,
+they're they're getting space-time and
+um together.
+I I've never seen a I've never seen a
+demonstration of of that fact as it
+uh you know, in itself.
+What I have seen is, you know, they they
+derive
+um scattering amplitudes and which match
+what's understood from, you know, the
+Feynman approach.
+That doesn't mean you derive space-time,
+and it doesn't mean you've derived
+It just means that you've matched
+something.
+Yeah, I I I think they're referring to
+&gt;&gt; is absent.
+Yeah. Sorry.
+Yeah, I think I think they're referring
+to unitary processes in space-time.
+Right. Right. That's what they're
+referring to. Absolutely.
+&gt;&gt; Yeah.
+Right. That's very different from
+Yes. as a strictly information-theoretic
+concept. And And yet, the way they wave
+it around and say, "We We don't assume
+space-time or unitarity." Right?
+It's just a disconnect in language, I
+think.
+I mean, you you know, it's it's fine not
+assuming
+uh a collection B when you're doing a
+collection A.
+But if somebody like Dyson comes around
+and says they're equivalent, then then
+you can't say that we don't need
+space-time. It's just another way of
+looking at it.
+So, they have you know, their claim is
+is unfounded as far as I I know. I mean,
+you know, somebody needs to sit down and
+say, "This is how space-time emerges
+from the amplitudehedron."
+Otherwise,
+it just just saying that I you know, I
+Schwinger could say I don't need to
+assume Feynman, and Feynman could say I
+don't need to assume Schwinger, and
+they're both right, but they're both
+equivalent.
+Yeah, yeah, right now they don't give
+you space-time, they give you scattering
+amplitudes. That's what they give you.
+&gt;&gt; Right.
+Which I still think they're defined in
+space-time. Fair enough.
+Yeah, I
+I mean, a facet of something, you know.
+I I suspect
+eventually we'll generally be able to
+identify
+amplitudehedron-like
+structures
+with error-correcting quantum
+error-correcting codes. Hm.
+You You wrote a paper on that, didn't
+you, Chris? Well, we're we're in the
+uh we have a preprint of it that was
+revised as of a few months ago, and
+we're still working on it.
+&gt;&gt; But the uh
+But the uh
+the current pre- current available
+preprint isn't bad.
+but the hypothesis would be
+we can go the other way from
+amplitudehedron-like structures to
+quantum error-correcting codes. And
+there are many ways to get space-time
+from quantum error error-correcting
+codes.
+So, Hm, interesting.
+&gt;&gt; it it may be that the the inference ends
+up going in that direction through that
+direction.
+What I'm hoping to be able to show is
+that some of these positive geometries
+like the associahedron
+are sub polytopes of the Markov
+polytope.
+So, that
+because
+the Markov polytope
+could be describing the probabilities of
+of certain interacting processes that we
+would think of as scattering processes.
+And so, if if
+if that's the case, then I would you
+know, there may be a a deep connection
+between
+some of these positive geometries and
+the Markov hedron, which is itself a
+positive geometry.
+Yeah. Set of all possible Markov chains
+is a positive geometry.
+Yeah, I I suspect that.
+Uh
+Any any such structure defined over any
+space of possibilities
+or any such
+dynamics defined over any such any space
+of possibilities can be thought of as
+scattering in some you know
+Right. meta metaphorical [snorts]
+but
+but formally
+sensible way.
+Yeah. I mean computation
+We can think of computation as
+scattering Right. data
+space.
+Interaction is scattering.
+I mean,
+scattering is what is how interactions
+look in a physics lab.
+What what what's surprising is how
+restricted the scattering
+events are that you find in physics,
+right? That that that's
+a very restricted set and it turns out
+that you the something like the standard
+model gives you all the components that
+you're ever going to find in any
+scattering that you ever do.
+&gt;&gt; We hope. Yeah. That that so far well,
+yeah, that's
+so far. Well, the all all all the ones
+that you see with the sorts of things
+that we call elementary particles.
+we call elementary particles.
+Right. Right.
+What what what I find interesting is
+just as when we had the Ptolemaic system
+and we had all cycles and cycles and
+cycles, you could get all the orbits of
+the planets.
+But it was
+ugly and
+just just a mess cuz you had to do add
+all these cycles and correcting cycles
+to correct those cycles and so forth to
+do it. And the same thing happens with
+space time and scattering. You would you
+look at the Feynman diagrams, it's loop
+after loop and you you have three or
+four particle interactions and 500 pages
+of algebra because you have all these
+Ptolemaic loop after loop after loop
+where you're enforcing locality and
+unitarity. So, Feynman is forcing
+locality and unitarity and and so we
+have to do all this stuff. And all of a
+sudden
+400 pages of algebra turns into two
+terms when you let go of space time and
+And also it feels again like we've got
+this Rube Goldberg machine called space
+time and that's why things look so ugly
+in space time and the mathematics. And
+all of a sudden we're seeing some hint
+you know, it was a big hint when we went
+from Ptolemy to Newton. That's you know,
+all of a sudden the formulas got a lot
+we're on to something much deeper here
+than than Ptolemy was on to. And now
+when when we go from you know, Feynman
+scattering diagrams to these positive
+geometries, once again we're getting 400
+pages of algebra down to two terms.
+A clear hint that we're on to something
+deeper beyond space time.
+Yeah. No, I
+space time's a kludge.
+It's that's I think that's clear. Yeah,
+it's it's it's a it's
+But what's interesting is that theories
+of consciousness all the main theories
+of consciousness assume otherwise. We
+ssume otherwise. We
+start with space time, we try to figure
+out what physical systems in space time
+could possibly have the right
+structure to give rise to consciousness.
+Yeah. So, we all we all of our theories
+start with the kludge
+as the assumption.
+And and then try to go from there. So,
+they're
+doomed completely doomed to failure.
+Yeah. Well, I I mean all all of science
+has done this before about what? 1970.
+You talking about the standard model
+since about 1970?
+Well, no, I'm I'm roughly dating
+roughly dating at least the first things
+I saw from Wheeler with the notion of
+observer participants in it. Yeah.
+Right right in the 70s, right?
+Yeah, he he he saw it. He he knew I
+mean, he wrote the book on space time.
+He wrote the book on gravity. Yeah.
+Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler.
+That's that's that is the Bible and he
+so he knew space time and he knew it was
+a a kludge. He was looking for something
+entirely beyond. Right. Yeah.
+And he was going to call it observer
+participants.
+That's what he called it.
+May May I ask something? Yeah.
+Go ahead.
+Go ahead, Chris.
+, Chris.
+&gt;&gt; going to say good to see you guys again
+and good to meet you, Robert.
+Good to meet you, Chris. And
+I think we will meet in person in Spain
+if I'm not mistaken in July. Yes,
+hopefully.
+That sounds very exciting.
+Yeah. Um I I I I told them to to invite
+you specifically.
+Thank you.
+&gt;&gt; [laughter]
+&gt;&gt; What what's happening in Spain?
+Uh there will be a workshop um organized
+by
+by some people um the Tatiana Foundation
+and and it's a workshop on the known
+unknowns in our fields of interest and
+&gt;&gt; Oh. There will be yeah.
+Um more than one uh um more than one
+field is fields. Okay. So, Chris fields
+&gt;&gt; why fields is uh
+Excellent. And uh
+And uh yeah,
+um discuss several things. But Don, I
+wanted to say that
+um I think this is the the biggest
+myopia in consciousness science. And
+I work in Anil Seth's lab. I did my PhD
+with Giulio Tononi. I did a postdoc with
+David Chalmers. I work with Georg
+Northoff and and the temporal specialty
+I I know
+I know all the people. Yeah. And all of
+them are sort of either physicalists or
+they they still think that consciousness
+is something we we you squeeze with
+enough dexterity at the end of a long
+tube that you operationally construct.
+And and they don't get they really don't
+get the point that consciousness is the
+starting point.
+And everything else must come
+afterwards. You build everything else
+from consciousness, not the other way.
+It's hard. I know the I know the I know
+the pain.
+But could you do you see your
+con the platonic space as having
+something to do with consciousness
+in that sense?
+Or being embedded within it?
+That's Mike's assets.
+&gt;&gt; Yeah, that's that's him, Mike. Well, um
+Yeah, that's that's him, Mike. Well, um
+So, okay. So, so I'm I'm not
+fundamentally a consciousness
+researcher. I don't have any strong
+claims on this yet. Uh and
+but if I had to say right now, I would
+say that
+uh I I I don't think that from the point
+of the platonic space formalism that I'm
+investigating, I I don't think that we
+are beings that occasionally get visited
+by platonic patterns that are something
+else. I think I think we are the
+patterns. And I think that these
+patterns are wide range of
+are wide range of
+you know, static, dynamic, low agency,
+high agency things.
+And I think what we call consciousness
+is the perspective from the platonic
+space outwards into So, so what a
+pattern from the platonic space
+experiences when it interacts with the
+physical world is what we tend to call
+consciousness. Now, I'm not sure that
+like I don't think that exhausts all the
+possibilities. I think there are
+probably lateral interactions within
+that world. I suspect that when
+mathematicians think about the you know,
+abstract mathematical objects, what
+happens is you have two there are
+basically two
+two different patterns in resonance
+there, the human one and the you know,
+whatever it is that they're studying.
+So, there may be lateral interactions
+that don't even require the physical
+world per se.
+Uh but but basically what I think we
+mean when we talk about consciousness is
+what it's like to be a platonic pattern
+projecting into a physical world through
+some interface. So, that might be you
+know, the sense organs that we have or
+something completely different and so
+on.
+So, the platonic patterns transcend our
+experiential notion of consciousness.
+I I In the sense that uh
+Well, say say more. What what do you
+mean about that? Well, there's a
+platonic realm that
+maybe we shouldn't describe as
+conscious, but but we perceive but a
+human perspective on it is we we
+experience it as consciousness sort of
+looking at it somehow.
+So, that's just perspective.
+Yeah, I I I think I think I think
+ultimately I think some version of
+idealism is probably the the more
+accurate thing. Like I do think that
+consciousness is fundamental. But but
+but but I don't know what to do with
+that on a practical level right now, you
+know? Like I don't have a way of making
+use of that in the lab or anything like
+that. What I see is a way to make
+progress with a somewhat more dualistic
+version, which you know,
+I agree that it would be nice to have
+some kind of simple monism. But but what
+I see right now is that we have
+different but interacting
+realms so to speak that that and that
+model helps us to do new experiments and
+make new discoveries. So, for now, I you
+know, I I do think that um the they're
+they're sort of two two separate things,
+but ultimately, if I had to guess, I
+would say that consciousness is is
+primary.
+Um I don't know how to do that reduction
+right now, so I'm sticking with two
+because that's what that's what we can
+we can handle right now.
+&gt;&gt; Yeah. My my one of our goals is to show
+Yeah. My my one of our goals is to show
+that we can actually get space-time
+special and general relativity and
+quantum theory from this theory of
+Markov chains of consciousness. In which
+in which case then we could inherit all
+the work that's been done in physics, um
+but but see it arising from a a
+consciousness-first
+point of view. So, that's that's where
+I'm headed.
+Um Yeah. I mean, for us, you know, one
+of the one of the important pieces of
+our research program is to
+understand the mapping between the
+interfaces that we construct, and those
+are anything from sorting algorithms
+through cyborgs through xenobots,
+embryos, you know, you name it, like all
+of these stuff. To understand what what
+are the properties of these things that
+facilitate the ingression of specific
+patterns from the space. Like, so so
+what what you know, what what what is it
+about this thing you've made that pulls
+down this rather than that? And the and
+the right then that allows different
+different degrees of and different kinds
+of of mind state to to interact through
+mind state to to interact through
+it. And
+uh also to quantify in so we've got some
+we've got some wild stuff that's kind of
+uh ripening in the next few months that
+I'd love to run by all of you. We'll
+we'll all we should all have another
+meeting so you can see. But we've been
+we've been trying to quantify
+like one of the things that I think is
+really important about this Platonic
+space thing is that it's not just a
+redescription, you know, and a bunch of
+sort of useless you know, philosophy
+that you sprinkle on top of things that
+work perfectly well. It actually makes
+very new predictions in the sense that
+it suggests that what you're getting
+from that space is
+are things that using conventional
+theories or that we have now of doing
+the accounting of effort of
+computational cost of physical cost,
+these kinds of things that you get you
+get free lunches or at least heavily
+discounted lunches. You get more than
+you put in. You you know, our our
+accounting isn't adding up everything
+that you get. We're missing something
+very significant. And we now have the
+ability to quantify
+how much are we getting how much how
+much free [snorts] memory, free compute,
+free you know, whatever. Um
+Uh we can at least in simple uh toy you
+know, sort of minimal models we can
+quantify that. In biology, you you can
+see it, but but but it's hard to
+quantify or prove anything. It's just
+too complicated. Whereas in these
+minimal models, we can actually quantify
+you know, what did we get that we didn't
+pay for according to the conventional
+way of totaling up effort.
+So, and and so that's really important
+to find out how much and and what do you
+get? You know, do you just get static
+patterns? Do you get behavioral
+propensities? Do you you know,
+algorithms? Do you get virtual machines?
+You know, do you get free compute that
+you can do in that space? Like that's a
+you know, kind of a crazy prediction of
+mine that I I think you can actually get
+you can do compute in that space that
+you don't pay for in this in this space,
+so to speak.
+So, that's you know. I've [snorts] been
+listening to a lot of your podcasts on
+this and thinking about it and and I
+think that there's
+connection with the hidden states in
+this Markov system. So, that when you if
+we just see a trace,
+most of the intelligence is something
+you don't see.
+And so, to the trace observer, that's
+all in a Platonic realm because you
+don't you literally cannot see it. And
+yet
+what you're seeing is entirely a trace
+of that world. So, your your visible
+world is controlled by this quote
+unquote Platonic space that you cannot
+see.
+And so, that's why I was thinking that's
+what
+your stuff about
+the planaria, for example. You cut off
+the head
+and cut off the tail and you can change
+the the electric fields and and make it
+have two heads and so forth. I mean,
+it's just
+you know, how does it know how to do
+that? Right, where is that state? So,
+I've I've been thinking so, if somehow
+all we're seeing is the planaria in our
+trace, we're not seeing beyond what we
+can see. There's a whole Markov realm of
+of intelligence out there that is
+projecting down into what we can see. Um
+which is just a planarian, but so I'm
+really
+really left to explore with you guys
+left to explore with you guys
+you know, as this formalism matures, how
+we might use the formalism in concrete
+ways to model specific Platonic spaces
+for specific memories biological
+memories. Cuz I think this gives us the
+tools, right? The there are the exits,
+the the dark states, and the entrances.
+All those tools are part of the Platonic
+space. And if we learn so,
+we're new to this ourselves, right? We
+don't know how to use those tools yet,
+but to learn how to use those tools to
+model specific things, we be able might
+be able to get that Platonic space not
+just a hand wave, but here is the Markov
+chain, here's the trace, and this is why
+it looks like this Platonic intelligence
+that's guiding you. But it would be
+multi-scale.
+Right? The there's going to be
+multi-scale in the dark space.
+Well, you know what might be really fun
+is so so definitely we should we should
+do that with some of the biology
+examples that we have.
+Um in particular, for example, with some
+of the synthetic things that we have so
+so xenobots and you know, neurobots and
+because because they raise what I think
+is is perhaps the most interesting part
+of this is, you know, where do the
+uh the goals and properties of novel
+beings come from where you can't just
+pin it on selection, you know, eons of
+selection. Like I guess where they come
+from. So, but but but in I would I would
+complement that with
+uh which I think would be even
+[clears throat] easier, the study of
+basically applying these things to some
+of the minimal computational models that
+we have.
+Yes. Right? We have some
+sorting is one and there's going to be a
+bunch of new work on that coming soon.
+Um but we have others. We have some
+really interesting stuff
+uh that'll come out soon on um giving
+embodiments to various
+very weird um you know, sources like
+like a mathematical objects and making a
+robots that are driven not by
+conventional algorithms and sensors and
+whatever, but but their entire behavior
+is driven by uh pre you know, sort of
+pre-cooked static mathematical constants
+and watching how those kinds of
+mathematical objects and watching how
+those things end up navigating a world
+and adapt you know, and and what what
+cognitive features they end up having
+and so on. So, I think those things are
+simple enough that we could I think we
+could actually we could actually make a
+make a pretty tight mapping onto what
+onto what you have in terms of states
+and and and things like that.
+Interesting. Interesting.
+Interesting. It may be that when you get
+t may be that when you get
+to into pure mathematics and sort of a
+hidden Platonic realm that's doing
+stuff, you know, like sorting algorithms
+that are doing other things you didn't
+expect.
+I'm having my mind stretched to think
+about how Markov chains could do that.
+That seems like that might be something
+even
+deeper somehow. Well, you know what we
+could that was the other thing I was
+thinking what what would what is totally
+doable now is to take your system and
+apply the tests that we have. So, we so
+we have a range of
+assays that basically are taken right
+out of the behaviorist handbook cuz the
+one thing I think behaviorists got right
+is that they weren't worried about what
+the what the implementation was. And so,
+it's very easy to apply their tools to
+anything, right? Um so, we could we
+could actually look for
+habituation, sensitization, associative
+conditioning, delayed gratification,
+path planning, you know, illusion, you
+counterfactuals, all this kind of stuff.
+We could we have assays now that we can
+look for all that stuff. Yeah. Well, and
+and um
+it's clear to me that we there's always
+going to be Markov chains that we can
+build to do that. So, it'll be
+like they're they're universal Turing
+machines.
+Markov chains are universal. Yeah. I So,
+I'm not talking about building ones that
+do it. I'm talking about finding it in
+in simple or random ones that you don't
+think should be doing it. That's that's
+the trick. We're we're we're finding
+this we're finding these capacities in
+very simple and and no no design, no
+selection. You know, you usually the the
+three things you think you normally need
+you need rational design by an by an
+engineer, selection or you know,
+evolution or learning, right? Those are
+the three things you need. One of those
+three things you need. We're not doing
+any of that. We we're we're we're
+pulling it out of you know, I don't I
+don't know. You'll you'll judge for
+yourself where where you think we're
+it's coming from. But but but I think we
+could do that with with you know, random
+random
+matrices or whatever. That's that's
+right. We may be able to find matrices
+which um
+what we're seeing in the organism is the
+trace, but but the invisible states are
+having a lot of the intelligence that
+that leads to
+what you're seeing. And so, we write
+down the the matrix that even though the
+trace you can't see why it's doing that,
+but it does it. But in the big matrix,
+you see why it's doing it.
+Yeah. I'm going to have to jump off,
+I'm going to have to jump off,
+guys. Great conversation.
+Thanks, Chris. Good Chris, always a
+pleasure. Yeah. See you. Yeah. Thanks,
+Chris.
+Good to see you, Chris.
+I we we have the recording of this.
+Uh yes. Yes, it is being recorded. Yep,
+I will I'll send you guys a link. Yeah,
+if if everybody's okay with that, I'll
+put it up on our center channel, but
+regardless, you you can all have a copy
+you can have a copy of it. That's fine
+with me. Yeah. Great. Perfectly fine.
+Great. Yeah. Yeah, I think there's yeah,
+I think there's a ton of stuff to do.
+So, why don't we, you know, go off and
+and think about some some specific
+directions and let's let's come back. Um
+I I already have some thoughts, but but
+it'll be even there'll be lots more in a
+few weeks when
+you know, when I can send around some
+preprints. I'm having my my students
+write these things up and so then
+Yeah. I'll send them out.
+&gt;&gt; Very good. And if we maybe then pick a
+particular simple problem system that we
+can see what the trace logic might do on
+it and see where we go from there. That
+would be fun. Yeah, yeah, that'd be
+great.
+And I think a natural extension of of
+our our formalism like after we we do
+the the FEP thing is basically try to to
+apply all all this stuff to it and and
+see how how you can get even deeper more
+interesting things you can say about all
+this computing intelligence across
+scales in more fine-grained manner than
+even the FEP allows. Yeah.
+Yeah. I think I think As we bring you
+the paper, I would I agree that this
+seemed to be a natural connection with
+what you're the project you guys are
+doing right now. Absolutely. Yeah. Yeah.
+Yeah. Good.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621/artifacts/video.log b/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621/artifacts/video.log
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..444e8db0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621/artifacts/video.log
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# yt-dlp log
+# url: https://youtu.be/YnfaT5APPB0
+# output: conductor/tracks/video_analysis_multiscale_hoffman_20260621/artifacts/video.mp4
+# returncode: 0
+
+stdout:
+[youtube] Extracting URL: https://youtu.be/YnfaT5APPB0
+[youtube] YnfaT5APPB0: Downloading webpage
+[youtube] YnfaT5APPB0: Downloading android vr player API JSON
+[info] YnfaT5APPB0: Downloading 1 format(s): 400+251
+[download] video.mp4.f400.mp4
+[download] video.mp4.f251.webm
+[Merger] Merging formats into video.mp4
+
+stderr:
+WARNING: yt-dlp EJS not enabled; some formats may be missing.