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+# OCR Results
+
+## frame_00001.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PcwerPoint
+What is thought?
+```
+
+## frame_00002.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+What is thought?
+The stuff:
+Neurons. They connect to each other
+at junctions called "synapses" and
+signal each other by brief electrical
+impulses (spikes)
+40 mV
+40 ms
+Spikes zipping down neural pathways like
+telegraph wires.
+```
+
+## frame_00003.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+What is thought?
+The stuff:
+Neurons. They connect to each other
+at junctions called "synapses" and
+signal each other by brief electrical
+impulses (spikes)
+40 mV
+40 ms
+Brains have a lot of this stuff.
+Cerebral cortex
+Cortex: The outer part of your brain
+where thinking emerges
+Your cortex alone contains
+20 billion neurons
+that form
+1014 synaptic connections
+```
+
+## frame_00004.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+What is thought?
+The stuff:
+Neurons. They connect to each other
+at junctions called "synapses" and
+signal each other by brief electrical
+impulses (spikes).
+40 mV
+40 ms
+Brains have a lot of this stuff.
+Cerebral cortex
+Cortex: The outer part of your brain
+where thinking emerges
+Your cortex alone contains
+20 billion neurons
+that form
+1014 synaptic connections
+At first, neurons were poorly understood and sometimes regarded as
+mere building blocks.
+Like bricks or scaffolding without distinct roles of their own.
+The brain was seen as a
+set of larger-scale set of
+anatomical organs or
+modules.
+```
+
+## frame_00005.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+What is thought?
+The stuff:
+Neurons. They connect to each other
+at junctions called "synapses" and
+signal each other by brief electrical
+impulses (spikes)
+By the 1950s, we developed the tech to study the
+electrical spiking of individual neurons.
+A major discovery: Neurons are not scaffolding. They are
+little information processing units.
+```
+
+## frame_00006.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+What is thought?
+The stuff:
+Neurons. They connect to each other
+at junctions called "synapses" and
+signal each other by brief electrical
+impulses (spikes)
+By the 1950s, we developed the tech to study the
+electrical spiking of individual neurons.
+Yellow — parts of
+the visual system
+A major discovery: Neurons are not scaffolding. They are
+little information processing units.
+Based on Nobel-Prize winning work of Hubel and Wiesel (circa 1962)
+```
+
+## frame_00007.jpg
+
+```
+PmverPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Connectionism: The Classic Model of the Brain (and AI)
+The cortex is wired like a telegraph system combines signals.
+Spikes traveling down
+"wires" with logic-gate like
+connections.
+```
+
+## frame_00008.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Connectionism: The Classic Model of the Brain (and Al)
+The cortex is wired like a telegraph system combines signals.
+Spikes traveling down
+"wires" with logic-gate like
+connections.
+Higher cortex
+e ee
+e ooo ö
+eøos ezos ens
+Primary sensory
+(visual) cortex
+```
+
+## frame_00009.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+A Discovery Challenged Connectionism: Multifunctional Neurons
+"Mixed Selectivity" neurons are *not* specialized. They don't have "one
+favorite thing" they spike to. Their spiking reflects complex (non-linear)
+combinations of a lot of different things in different situations.
+e Mixed-selectivity
+neurons
+Selective
+neurons
+```
+
+## frame_00010.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+A Discovery Challenged Connectionism: Multifunctional Neurons
+"Mixed Selectivity" neurons are *not* specialized. They don't have "one
+favorite thing" they spike to. Their spiking reflects complex (non-linear)
+combinations of a lot of different things in different situations.
+Not specialized like this
+More like this!
+zos ense ms
+e Mixed-selectivity
+neurons
+Selective
+neurons
+This means that cortex is a web of overlapping,
+multifunctional networks that constantly interact, not a
+collection of specialized parts.
+```
+
+## frame_00011.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Multifunctional "Mixed Selectivity" Neurons
+Sequence memory task
+Remember two pictures and their order
+Classic Connectionism predicts:
+0b ect 1
+Q)
+z
+z
+ob•ect 2
+Time
+Object selectivity
+Time
+Order selectivity
+Time
+recall
+Specialized neurons
+(9
+Neurons spike to
+independent factors
+and/or a simple
+combination of factors.
+Duncan and Miler (2002, 2013), Rigotti, Barak, Warden, Wang, Daw, Miller, & Fusi (2013), Fusi, Miller, Rigotti (2016), Brincat,
+Siegel, Nicolai, and Miller (2018), Siegel, Buschman, and Miller (2015), Tye, Miller, Taschbach, Benna, Rigotti, Fusi (2024)
+```
+
+## frame_00012.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Mixed Selectivity Is Critical for Cognition
+Neuron 1
+(pure selectivity to a)
+1.0
+0.6
+0.24
+0 02 0.4 0.6 1.0
+Neuron 2
+(pure selectivity to b)
+High
+dimensional
+1.0
+08
+0.6
+0.4
+02
+Neuron 4
+(non-linear nxed)
+1.0
+0.8 no
+0.6
+0.4
+02
+0 02 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
+10
+Rigotti, Barak, Warden, Wang, Daw, Miller, & Fusi (2013)
+0 02 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
+Duncan and Miler (2002, 2013), Rigotti, Barak, Warden, Wang, Daw, Miller, & Fusi (2013), Fusi, Miller, Rigotti (2016), Brincat,
+Siegel, Nicolai, and Miller (2018), Siegel, Buschman, and Miller (2015), Tye, Miller, Taschbach, Benna, Rigotti, Fusi (2024)
+Mattia Rigotti Stefano Fusi
+Columbia
+Melissa
+Warden
+```
+
+## frame_00013.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+The Biggest Challenge: How Does the Brain Control Such a Complex System?
+```
+
+## frame_00014.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+The Biggest Challenge: How Does the Brain Control Such a Complex System?
+We have executive control over our brains.
+We take charge of our thoughts.
+• We don't just react to inputs (like a thermostat or AI).
+• We act differently depending on the situation.
+• We set goals and make plans.
+• We do this flexibly to navigate a fast-paced world.
+It seems impossibly complex to build a control
+system that works by connectionism
+neurons.
+A manual telephone switchboard
+```
+
+## frame_00015.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves
+Electrodes
+Brain
+EEG reading
+Brain waves are rhythmic fluctuations in electric fields surrounding
+neurons produced by the spiking.
+```
+
+## frame_00016.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves
+Electrodes
+Brain
+EEG reading
+Brain waves are rhythmic fluctuations in electric fields surrounding
+neurons produced by the spiking.
+They are grouped into frequency bands loosely associated with
+different behavioral or cognitive states such as deep sleep, relaxed
+wakefulness, or focused attention
+>30 Hz
+Gamma
+Problem solving,
+concentration
+- 0.0
+12-30 Hz
+Beta
+Busy. active mind
+8-12 Hz
+Alpha
+Reflective, restful
+4-8 Hz
+Theta
+Drowsiness
+0.5-4 Hz
+Delta
+Sleep, dreaming
+0.0
+0.0
+0.0
+0.2
+02
+02
+0.2
+0.2
+0.4
+0.4
+04
+0.4
+0.4
+0.6
+0.6
+0.6
+0.6
+0.6
+0.8
+0.8
+0.8
+0.8
+0.8
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
+1.0
+```
+
+## frame_00017.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+General Anesthesia Alters Brain Wave Dynamics
+Conscious
+Collaboration with Emery Brown Lab (MGH/MIT)
+Bastos et al (2021); Garwood et al (2021); Bardon et al
+(2025); Eisen et al (2024, 2026)
+```
+
+## frame_00018.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Influence Neurons
+MakeAGIF.com
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+```
+
+## frame_00020.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Influence Neurons
+MakeAGIF.com
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGlF.com
+```
+
+## frame_00029.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Influence Neurons
+Brain waves are made of the same stuff as spikes, changes in
+voltage levels, but on a larger spatial and longer time scale.
+MakeAGIF.com
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeÅGIF.com
+```
+
+## frame_00046.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Influence Neurons
+Brain waves are made of the same stuff as spikes, changes in
+voltage levels, but on a larger spatial and longer time scale.
+This means that they exert a strong influence on when and where
+neurons spike in cortex.
+• MakeAGIF.com
+It's like overlaying powerful radio waves onto a telegraph system, with the waves modulating the
+impulses in the wires.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGlF.com
+Much like a sports fan in a stadium, neuron spiking follows waves.
+Spikes from a single neuron
+200
+100
+voltage
+-100
+Brain waves
+500
+1000
+1500
+Time (ms)
+```
+
+## frame_00047.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Influence Neurons
+Brain waves are made of the same stuff as spikes, changes in
+voltage levels, but on a larger spatial and longer time scale.
+This means that they exert a strong influence on when and where
+neurons spike in cortex.
+MakeAGIF.com
+It's like overlaying powerful radio waves onto a telegraph system, with the waves modulating the
+impulses in the wires.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGlF.com
+Much like a sports fan in a stadium, neuron spiking follows waves.
+Spikes from a single neuron
+200
+100
+voltage
+-100
+Brain waves
+500
+1000
+1500
+Time (ms)
+```
+
+## frame_00049.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Influence Neurons
+Brain waves are made of the same stuff as spikes, changes in
+voltage levels, but on a larger spatial and longer time scale.
+This means that they exert a strong influence on when and where
+neurons spike in cortex.
+MakeÅGIF.com
+It's like overlaying powerful radio waves onto a telegraph system, with the waves modulating the
+impulses in the wires.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGlF.com
+Much like a sports fan in a stadium, neuron spiking follows waves.
+Spikes from a single neuron
+voltage
+200
+100
+-100
+Brain waves
+500
+1000
+1500
+Time (ms)
+```
+
+## frame_00061.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Lower Frequency Brainwaves Control Higher Frequency Brainwaves
+Bottom-up: Gamma (>30 Hz)
+Excitatory. Gamma/spiking in superficial
+(feedforward) sensory inputs
+Sensory
+cortex
+" Executive"
+frontal cortex
+Top-down control: Alpha/beta (-10-25 Hz)
+• Inhibitory. Feedback signals that suppress
+(filter) gamma/spiking.
+Miller et al (2018); Lundqvist et al (2020); Lundqvist et al. (2018); Pinotsis et al (2019); Lundqvist et al (2016); Lundqvist et al (2024); Lundqvist et al (2023) Mendoza-Halliday and Major et al (2024) Nature Neuro
+```
+
+## frame_00062.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Lower Frequency Brainwaves Control Higher Frequency Brainwaves
+Bottom-up: Gamma (>30 Hz)
+Excitatory. Gamma/spiking in superficial
+(feedforward) sensory inputs
+Sensory
+cortex
+Cortex has multiple layers
+Laser I
+Layer 2
+Layer 3
+Layer 4
+Layer 5
+Layer 6
+Pial Surface
+White Matter
+" Executive"
+frontal cortex
+Top-down control: Alpha/beta (-10-25 Hz)
+• Inhibitory. Feedback signals that suppress
+(filter) gamma/spiking.
+3D reconstruction Of five columns in rat vibrissal cortex
+underlying image from:
+Marcel Oberländer, Beyond the Cortical Column, Neuroinromatics 2012
+CC 4.0
+Miller et al (2018); Lundqvist et al (2020); Lundqvist et al. (2018); Pinotsis et al (2019); Lundqvist et al (2016); Lundqvist et al (2024); Lundqvist et al (2023) Mendoza-Halliday and Major et al (2024) Nature Neuro
+```
+
+## frame_00063.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Sequence memory task
+Remember two pictures and their order
+oWect 1
+Time
+1
+oWect 2
+recall
+Non-linear context-
+dependent spiking
+Spatial Computing Can Explain Mixed Selectivity
+Spatial Computing
+Negative network space as a coding dimension
+Lundqvist et al. (2023)
+Time
+```
+
+## frame_00078.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Sequence memory task
+Remember two pictures and their order
+oWect 1
+oWect 2
+recall
+Time
+Non-linear context-
+dependent spiking
+Spatial Computing Can Explain Mixed Selectivity
+Spatial Computing
+Negative network space as a coding dimension
+Time
+ISt
+2nd
+Gamma/spikes
+• Information about
+the objects.
+Different alpha/beta
+patterns for different
+contexts.
+Higher-level
+cortex
+Bottom-up
+random connectivity
+gamma & spiking
+sensory selectivity
+no bottom-up inputs
+bottom-up inputs suppressed
+bottom-up inputs expressed
+Lundqvist et al. (2023)
+Alpha/beta
+Different
+stencils for
+context:
+"1st" VS "2nd"
+Gamma/spikes
+2nd
+```
+
+## frame_00079.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+i. MakeAGIF.com
+```
+
+## frame_00080.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.co}m
+A brain doing "the wave"
+151 ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+003
+0.02
+0.01
+-0.01
+-003
+```
+
+## frame_00081.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+171 ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+003
+002
+0.01
+-0.01
+-003
+```
+
+## frame_00082.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGlF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+195ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+003
+002
+0.01
+-0.01
+-003
+```
+
+## frame_00084.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+303ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+003
+002
+0.01
+-0.01
+.002
+-003
+```
+
+## frame_00086.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAG IF, corn
+A brain doing "the wave"
+175ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+003
+0.02
+0.01
+-0.01
+.002
+-003
+```
+
+## frame_00091.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+0.03
+0.02
+0.01
+-0.01
+-002
+-003
+```
+
+## frame_00094.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+179ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+003
+0.02
+0.01
+-001
+02
+-003
+```
+
+## frame_00096.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+115ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+003
+002
+001
+-0.01
+.002
+-003
+```
+
+## frame_00097.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+(vlakeAGLF.corv
+A brain doing "the wave"
+179ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+003
+002
+001
+-001
+-0 02
+.0D3
+```
+
+## frame_00101.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAG IF, com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+183ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+003
+002
+001
+-0.01
+-002
+-0.03
+```
+
+## frame_00102.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+•I MakeAGIEcom
+A brain doing "the wave"
+227ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+003
+002
+0.01
+-001
+02
+-003
+```
+
+## frame_00104.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+003
+002
+001
+-001
+02
+.003
+```
+
+## frame_00124.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+227ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+0.03
+002
+001
+-001
+02
+-0.03
+```
+
+## frame_00136.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGlEcom
+A brain doing "the wave"
+299ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+0.03
+0.02
+0.01
+-0.01
+-002
+-003
+```
+
+## frame_00163.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+. MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+11 ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+0.03
+002
+0.01
+-001
+.0.02
+-003
+```
+
+## frame_00168.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+Waves are a natural way to produce complex organization.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+. MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+0.03
+0.02
+0.01
+-001
+-0.02
+-003
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+```
+
+## frame_00171.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+Waves are a natural way to produce complex organization.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+123ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+0.03
+0.02
+0.01
+-001
+02
+-003
+Grains of sand on a speaker organize
+into patterns when you play musical
+notes.
+Sand = spiking of individual neurons
+Sound waves = electric brain waves
+```
+
+## frame_00172.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+Waves are a natural way to produce complex organization.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+147 ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+0.03
+0.02
+0.01
+-001
+02
+-003
+Grains of sand on a speaker organize
+into patterns when you play musical
+notes.
+Sand = spiking of individual neurons
+Sound waves = electric brain waves
+```
+
+## frame_00174.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+Waves are a natural way to produce complex organization.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+187 ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+0.03
+0.02
+0.01
+-001
+02
+-003
+Grains of sand on a speaker organize
+into patterns when you play musical
+notes.
+Sand = spiking of individual neurons
+Sound waves = electric brain waves
+```
+
+## frame_00175.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+Waves are a natural way to produce complex organization.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGlF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+211 ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+0.03
+0.02
+0.01
+-0.01
+.0.02
+-003
+Grains of sand on a speaker organize
+into patterns when you play musical
+notes.
+Sand = spiking of individual neurons
+Sound waves = electric brain waves
+```
+
+## frame_00188.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+Waves are a natural way to produce complex organization.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+. MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+343ms
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+0133
+002
+001
+-001
+-002
+-003
+Grains of sand on a speaker organize
+into patterns when you play musical
+notes.
+Sand = spiking of individual neurons
+Sound waves = electric brain waves
+```
+
+## frame_00248.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+Waves are a natural way to produce complex organization.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+11 ms
+0.03
+002
+001
+-001
+.002
+-003
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+Grains of sand on a speaker organize
+into patterns when you play musical
+notes.
+Sand = spiking of individual neurons
+Sound waves = electric brain waves
+```
+
+## frame_00271.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+Waves are a natural way to produce complex organization.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+143ms
+0.03
+2
+4
+8
+2
+3
+4
+002
+0.01
+-001
+-002
+-0.03
+6
+7
+8
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+Grains of sand on a speaker organize
+into patterns when you play musical
+notes.
+Sand = spiking of individual neurons
+Sound waves = electric brain waves
+• Imagine the difficulty of organizing
+this sand by grain by grain.
+But organization is a natural
+outcome of the influence of wave
+patterns. This is basic physics that
+evolution could exploit.
+```
+
+## frame_00272.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+Waves are a natural way to produce complex organization.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+187 ms
+2
+4
+7
+8
+0.03
+002
+001
+-001
+-003
+2
+3
+4
+6
+7
+8
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+Grains of sand on a speaker organize
+into patterns when you play musical
+notes.
+Sand = spiking of individual neurons
+Sound waves = electric brain waves
+• Imagine the difficulty of organizing
+this sand by grain by grain.
+But organization is a natural
+outcome of the influence of wave
+patterns. This is basic physics that
+evolution could exploit.
+```
+
+## frame_00276.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+Waves are a natural way to produce complex organization.
+Grains of sand on a speaker organize
+into patterns when you play musical
+notes.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.ccm
+A brain doing "the wave"
+339ms
+2
+4
+7
+8
+2
+3
+4
+6
+0.03
+002
+0.01
+-0.01
+-003
+8
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+Sand = spiking of individual neurons
+Sound waves = electric brain waves
+• Imagine the difficulty of organizing
+this sand by grain by grain.
+But organization is a natural
+outcome of the influence of wave
+patterns. This is basic physics that
+evolution could exploit.
+```
+
+## frame_00277.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+Waves are a natural way to produce complex organization.
+Grains of sand on a speaker organize
+into patterns when you play musical
+notes.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGlF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+2
+6
+7
+8
+2
+3
+4
+6
+0.03
+002
+0.01
+-001
+02
+-003
+8
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+Sand = spiking of individual neurons
+Sound waves = electric brain waves
+• Imagine the difficulty of organizing
+this sand by grain by grain.
+But organization is a natural
+outcome of the influence of wave
+patterns. This is basic physics that
+evolution could exploit.
+```
+
+## frame_00283.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Brain Waves Are Ideal For Control and Organization
+Wave functions are simple and efficient:
+Rather than controlling individuals one by one, use a wave to guide
+the entire group.
+Waves are a natural way to produce complex organization.
+A crowd doing "the wave"
+MakeAGIF.com
+A brain doing "the wave"
+2
+3
+6
+7
+8
+4
+0.03
+002
+0.01
+-001
+02
+-o .03
+6
+7
+Electric voltage values at 64 grid points (2mm
+spacing) in cortex
+Grains of sand on a speaker organize
+into patterns when you play musical
+notes.
+00b
+Sand = spiking of individual neurons
+Sound waves = electric brain waves
+• Imagine the difficulty of organizing
+this sand by grain by grain.
+But organization is a natural
+outcome of the influence of wave
+patterns. This is basic physics that
+evolution could exploit.
+```
+
+## frame_00318.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Neuron spiking:
+Subspace
+coding
+A measure of
+the shared
+variance of
+spiking.
+Spiking patterns
+rotate to recover
+from a distraction
+(time = O)
+Organization and Computation by Traveling Waves
+jPCA-t
+Tamal Batabyal
+Batabyal et al (2025) State-space trajectories and traveling waves following distraction. Journal of Cognitive
+Neuroscience.
+16
+```
+
+## frame_00319.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Neuron spiking:
+Subspace
+coding
+A measure of
+the shared
+variance of
+spiking.
+Spiking patterns
+rotate to recover
+from a distraction
+(time = O)
+Organization and Computation by Traveling Waves
+Subspace coding shows that spiking from hundreds of
+cortical neurons can be explained using only three
+dimensions!
+•
+•
+jPCA-1
+iPCA.2
+Cortical spiking is highly
+coordinated, like a
+murmuration of birds.
+How does the brain
+produce this kind of
+flexible organization?
+Batabyal et al (2025) State-space trajectories and traveling waves following distraction. Journal of Cognitive
+Neuroscience.
+Tamal Batabyal
+16
+```
+
+## frame_00320.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Neuron spiking:
+Subspace
+coding
+A measure of
+the shared
+variance of
+spiking.
+Spiking patterns
+rotate to recover
+from a distraction
+(time = O)
+Traveling waves:
+363ms
+Organization and Computation by Traveling Waves
+Subspace coding shows that spiking from hundreds of
+cortical neurons can be explained using only three
+dimensions!
+Tamal Batabyal
+•
+•
+jPCA.1
+0.01
+.0.01
+002
+.0.03
+iPCA.2
+Cortical spiking is highly
+coordinated, like a
+murmuration of birds.
+How does the brain
+produce this kind of
+flexible organization?
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+8
+A traveling wave rotating across the cortical surface
+We found a direct correspondence between subspace coding of spiking and
+traveling waves of electrical fields in cortex.
+Batabyal et al (2025) State-space trajectories and traveling waves following distraction. Journal of Cognitive
+Neuroscience.
+16
+```
+
+## frame_00321.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Waves Can Perform Analog Computation
+Waves can do math:
+Addition and subtraction
+Sum at x=L: 2 00
+wave 1
+'Wave 2
+sum (yl + y2)
+-10.0
+-7.5
+-5.0
+-2.5
+0.0
+2.5
+Space (x)
+5.0
+10.0
+```
+
+## frame_00322.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Waves Can Perform Analog Computation
+Waves can do math:
+Addition and subtraction
+Sum at x=n. 1 85
+wave 1
+Wave 2
+sum (yl + y2)
+—10.0
+-5.0
+0.0
+2.5
+Space (x)
+5.0
+10.0
+How the waves interact models the equation.
+Here, two sine waves are set up to add and subtract.
+All the values are carried in different parts of the wave.
+When the waves interact, the entire equation is solved in
+parallel. In contrast to digital computation, which is
+inherently sequential.
+And this is just one dimension and one frequency!
+Complex math using analog computation
+Vannevar Bush (MIT)
+Analog differential analyzer (1927) that used wheels and
+disks to solve 18-variable differential equations.
+Set the wheels and disks to model the equation.
+Turn the crank to solve it.
+```
+
+## frame_00323.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Analog Computation Is Vastly More Efficient Than Digital
+Two traveling waves:
+Addition and vbtraction
+wave 1
+sum + y2)
+2.00
+Sum at x=
+—10.0
+0.0
+2.5
+Space (x)
+5.0
+7.5
+10.0
+```
+
+## frame_00324.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Analog Computation Is Vastly More Efficient Than Digital
+-1
+-2
+Two traveling waves:
+Addition and *lbtraction
+2.00
+Sum at x—
+2
+0
+—10.0
+wave 1
+xWave 2
+— sum (YI + y2)
+-7.5
+0.0
+2.5
+Space (x)
+5.0
+7.5
+10.0
+• Information-rich:
+Waves are continuous signals (like the real world) that encode a range
+of values, not just Is and Os.
+Parallel Computation:
+When waves interact, all variables in an equation compute
+simultaneously.
+(Digital computation is sequential.)
+By contrast, AI consumes enormous energy.
+In Virginia, data centres already make up more than one-quarter
+of electricity use; that proportion will rise by 2030.
+80
+60 •
+40
+26% of total use
+20
+o
+2023
+29-46%
+2030
+enattre
+ENERGY
+Microsoft struck a
+deal to restart a
+nuclear reactor at
+Three Mile Island
+```
+
+## frame_00325.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Analog Computation Is Vastly More Efficient Than Digital
+-1
+-2
+20
+2
+Two traveling waves:
+Addition and Qlbtraction
+2.00
+Sum at x—
+0
+—10.0
+Wave 2
+— sum + y2)
+-7.5
+0.0
+2.5
+Space (x)
+5.0
+7.5
+10.0
+Information-rich:
+Waves are continuous signals (like the real world) that encode a range
+of values, not just Is and Os.
+Parallel Computation:
+When waves interact, all variables in an equation compute
+simultaneously.
+(Digital computation is sequential.)
+By contrast, AI consumes enormous energy.
+In Virginia, data centres already make up more than one-quarter
+of electricity use; that proportion will rise by 2030.
+100
+That is not how biology works!
+Evolution favors energy
+efficiency.
+Your far more capable brain
+runs on just 20W of power.
+The power of a dim lightbulb.
+80
+60
+40
+26% of total use
+o
+2023
+29-46%
+2030
+enature
+ENERGY
+Microsoft struck a
+deal to restart a
+nuclear reactor at
+Three Mile Island
+```
+
+## frame_00326.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Conclusions: Waves Organize and Produce Thought
+```
+
+## frame_00327.jpg
+
+```
+PowerPoint Slide Show - Miller MIT Levin Computational Meeting 5, 2026 - PowerPoint
+Conclusions: Waves Organize and Produce Thought
+Brains can use Al-like connectionism to store information.
+But computation can be done by waves.
+They operate on the right scale (of "crowds").
+They are a mathematically easy way to gain control over a complex
+system.
+They can perform highly efficient analog computation.
+Global
+workspace
+Local
+processors
+Ignition
+Local
+processors
+(mobilized)
+Cognition and consciousness is analog
+• Analog computation lets existing wave patterns generate new
+ones in a predictable, principled way.
+• Consciousness requires the unification of cortex to create the
+unified conscious experience.
+• When brain-wave patterns produced by analog computations
+become large and organized, they bind the cortex into a
+unified state.
+Sand organized by sound waves
+```
diff --git a/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_neural_dynamics_miller_20260621/artifacts/phase2.log b/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_neural_dynamics_miller_20260621/artifacts/phase2.log
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..371e3918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_neural_dynamics_miller_20260621/artifacts/phase2.log
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Phase 2 Keyframes for C:\projects\manual_slop\conductor\tracks\video_analysis_neural_dynamics_miller_20260621\artifacts\video.mp4
+  OK: kept 65 frames
diff --git a/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_neural_dynamics_miller_20260621/artifacts/phase3.log b/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_neural_dynamics_miller_20260621/artifacts/phase3.log
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d479bc00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/conductor/tracks/video_analysis_neural_dynamics_miller_20260621/artifacts/phase3.log
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Phase 3 OCR for C:\projects\manual_slop\conductor\tracks\video_analysis_neural_dynamics_miller_20260621\artifacts\frames (winsdk)
+  OK: OCR'd 65 frames in 4.3s