; Hello Files! BITS 64 ; Explicitly specify 64-bit mode DEFAULT REL ; Use RIP-relative addressing by default %define BUILD_DEBUG 1 ;region DSL %define marg %define rcounter_32 ecx %define rdata_32 edx %define r8_32 r8d %define r9_32 r9d %define raccumulator rax %define rbase rbx %define rcounter rcx %define rdata rdx %define rdst_id rdi %define rsrc_id rsi %define rstack_ptr rsp %define rstack_base_ptr rbp %define false 0 %define true 1 %define true_overflow 2 ;endregion DSL ;region Registers ; Wipes all 64-bit general-purpose registers except for the stack pointer (RSP). ; Zeroing RSP would corrupt the stack and crash the program. ; Zeroing RBP will break the stack frame chain used by debuggers. %macro wipe_gprs 0 xor rax, rax xor rbx, rbx xor rcx, rcx xor rdx, rdx xor rsi, rsi xor rdi, rdi ; xor rbp, rbp xor r8, r8 xor r9, r9 xor r10, r10 xor r11, r11 xor r12, r12 xor r13, r13 xor r14, r14 xor r15, r15 %endmacro ; Resets the Floating-Point Unit (FPU), which also clears all MMX registers ; (MM0-MM7) and FPU stack registers (ST0-ST7). %macro wipe_fpu_mmxs 0 finit %endmacro ; Wipes the 128-bit XMM registers. Requires a CPU with at least SSE. %macro wipe_xmms 0 vxorps xmm0, xmm0, xmm0 vxorps xmm1, xmm1, xmm1 vxorps xmm2, xmm2, xmm2 vxorps xmm3, xmm3, xmm3 vxorps xmm4, xmm4, xmm4 vxorps xmm5, xmm5, xmm5 vxorps xmm6, xmm6, xmm6 vxorps xmm7, xmm7, xmm7 vxorps xmm8, xmm8, xmm8 vxorps xmm9, xmm9, xmm9 vxorps xmm10, xmm10, xmm10 vxorps xmm11, xmm11, xmm11 vxorps xmm12, xmm12, xmm12 vxorps xmm13, xmm13, xmm13 vxorps xmm14, xmm14, xmm14 vxorps xmm15, xmm15, xmm15 %endmacro ; ============================================================================= ; AVX Registers (YMM0-YMM15) ; ============================================================================= ; Wipes the 256-bit YMM registers. Requires a CPU with AVX support. ; This also wipes the lower 128 bits (the XMM registers), so you don't ; need to call WIPE_XMM_REGS if you call this one. %macro wipe_ymms 0 vzeroupper ; Clears upper 128 bits of all YMM registers vxorps ymm0, ymm0, ymm0 ; Clears the full YMM0 (including lower XMM0) vxorps ymm1, ymm1, ymm1 vxorps ymm2, ymm2, ymm2 vxorps ymm3, ymm3, ymm3 vxorps ymm4, ymm4, ymm4 vxorps ymm5, ymm5, ymm5 vxorps ymm6, ymm6, ymm6 vxorps ymm7, ymm7, ymm7 vxorps ymm8, ymm8, ymm8 vxorps ymm9, ymm9, ymm9 vxorps ymm10, ymm10, ymm10 vxorps ymm11, ymm11, ymm11 vxorps ymm12, ymm12, ymm12 vxorps ymm13, ymm13, ymm13 vxorps ymm14, ymm14, ymm14 vxorps ymm15, ymm15, ymm15 %endmacro ; ============================================================================= ; AVX-512 Registers (ZMM0-ZMM31 and K0-K7) ; ============================================================================= ; Wipes the 512-bit ZMM registers and the 8 mask registers (k0-k7). ; Requires a CPU with AVX-512F support. This is the most comprehensive ; vector register wipe and makes WIPE_XMM_REGS and WIPE_YMM_REGS redundant. %macro wipe_avx512s 0 ; Wipe Mask Registers (k0-k7) kxorb k0, k0, k0 kxorb k1, k1, k1 kxorb k2, k2, k2 kxorb k3, k3, k3 kxorb k4, k4, k4 kxorb k5, k5, k5 kxorb k6, k6, k6 kxorb k7, k7, k7 ; Wipe ZMM registers (zmm0-zmm31) vpxord zmm0, zmm0, zmm0 vpxord zmm1, zmm1, zmm1 vpxord zmm2, zmm2, zmm2 vpxord zmm3, zmm3, zmm3 vpxord zmm4, zmm4, zmm4 vpxord zmm5, zmm5, zmm5 vpxord zmm6, zmm6, zmm6 vpxord zmm7, zmm7, zmm7 vpxord zmm8, zmm8, zmm8 vpxord zmm9, zmm9, zmm9 vpxord zmm10, zmm10, zmm10 vpxord zmm11, zmm11, zmm11 vpxord zmm12, zmm12, zmm12 vpxord zmm13, zmm13, zmm13 vpxord zmm14, zmm14, zmm14 vpxord zmm15, zmm15, zmm15 vpxord zmm16, zmm16, zmm16 vpxord zmm17, zmm17, zmm17 vpxord zmm18, zmm18, zmm18 vpxord zmm19, zmm19, zmm19 vpxord zmm20, zmm20, zmm20 vpxord zmm21, zmm21, zmm21 vpxord zmm22, zmm22, zmm22 vpxord zmm23, zmm23, zmm23 vpxord zmm24, zmm24, zmm24 vpxord zmm25, zmm25, zmm25 vpxord zmm26, zmm26, zmm26 vpxord zmm27, zmm27, zmm27 vpxord zmm28, zmm28, zmm28 vpxord zmm29, zmm29, zmm29 vpxord zmm30, zmm30, zmm30 vpxord zmm31, zmm31, zmm31 %endmacro ;endregion Registers ;region Debug %define debug_trap 3 %ifidn BUILD_DEBUG, 1 %macro assert_cmp 3 cmp %2, %3 %1 %%.passed int debug_trap %%.passed: %endmacro %macro assert_not_null 1 cmp %1, nullptr jnz %%.passed int debug_trap %%.passed: ; macro-unique-prefix (%%) .passed is the label name %endmacro %define dbg_wipe_gprs wipe_gprs %define dbg_wipe_fpu_mmxs wipe_fpu_mmxs %define dbg_wipe_xmms wipe_xmms %define dbg_wipe_ymms wipe_ymms %define dbg_wipe_avx512s wipe_avx512s %else %macro assert_cmp 3 %cmp %2, %3 %endmacro %macro assert_not_null 1 %endmacro %macro slice_assert 1 %endmacro %define dbg_wipe_gprs %define dbg_wipe_fpu_mmxs %define dbg_wipe_xmms %define dbg_wipe_ymms %define dbg_wipe_avx512s %endif ; BUILD_DEBUG ;endregion Debug ;region Memory %define nullptr 0 %define kilo 1024 ; Usage: def_array %macro def_farray 2+ struc %1 .ptr: resb %2 endstruc %endmacro def_farray Mem_128k, 128 * kilo ;region memory_copy ; dst = rdst_id = [Byte] ; src = rsrc_id = [Byte] ; rcounter = U64 section .text memory_copy: cld rep movsb ; REPEAT MoveStringByte ; 1. Copies the byte from [RSI] to [RDI]. ; 2. Increments RSI and RDI (because of CLD). ; 3. Decrements RCX. ; 4. Repeats until RCX is 0. ret ;endregion memory_copy struc Slice .ptr: resq 1 .len: resq 1 endstruc ; Usage: def_Slice %1: %macro def_Slice 1 struc Slice_ %+ %1 .ptr: resq 1 .len: resq 1 endstruc %endmacro def_Slice Byte ; Usage: stack_slice %1: , %2 , %3 %macro stack_slice 2 call_frame_alloc %1 %+ _size %endmacro ; Usage: slice_assert %1: Slice_ { .ptr = Slice.ptr, .len = Slice.len } %macro slice_assert 1 %ifidn BUILD_DEBUG, 1 cmp qword [%1 + Slice.ptr], nullptr jnz %%.ptr_passed int debug_trap %%.ptr_passed: ; macro-unique-prefix (%%) .passed is the label name cmp qword [%1 + Slice.len], 0 jg %%.len_passed int debug_trap %%.len_passed: %endif %endmacro ; Usage slice_assert %1: ptr, %2: len %macro slice_assert 2 %ifidn BUILD_DEBUG, 1 cmp %1, nullptr jnz %%.ptr_passed int debug_trap %%.ptr_passed: cmp %2, 0 jg %%.len_passed int debug_trap %%.len_passed: %endif %endmacro ; Usage: cf (call-frame begin) ; Establishes a new stack frame, saving the caller's frame. ; This is a standard function prologue. %macro cf 0 push rstack_base_ptr ; Save the caller's frame pointer (RBP) mov rstack_base_ptr, rstack_ptr ; Set our new frame pointer to the current stack position %endmacro ; Usage: cf_alloc (call-frame allocate) %macro cf_alloc 1 sub rstack_ptr, %1 ; Allocate space by subtracting from the stack pointer (RSP) %endmacro ; Usage: cf_commit (call-frame commit) ; Finalizes the stack frame by ensuring it is correctly aligned for a function call. %macro cf_commit 0 ; The Windows x64 ABI requires the stack pointer (RSP) to be 16-byte ; aligned immediately before a CALL instruction. This command ensures alignment ; by clearing the last 4 bits of RSP, rounding it down to the nearest multiple of 16. and rstack_ptr, ~15 %endmacro ; Usage: cf_end (call-frame end) ; Tears down the stack frame, deallocating all memory and restoring the caller's frame. %macro cf_end 0 mov rstack_ptr, rstack_base_ptr ; Deallocate the entire frame at once by resetting RSP to the saved RBP pop rstack_base_ptr ; Restore the caller's frame pointer %endmacro ; Usage: cf_ctbl ; Meant to only be used with call-table structs: _ctbl naming convention %macro cf_ctbl 1 push rstack_base_ptr mov rstack_base_ptr, rstack_ptr sub rstack_ptr, %1 %+ _ctbl_size and rstack_ptr, ~15 %endmacro ; Usage stac_alloc %1: %macro stack_push 1 push rstack_base_ptr mov rstack_base_ptr, rstack_ptr sub rstack_ptr, %1 %endmacro %macro stack_pop 0 mov rstack_ptr, rstack_base_ptr pop rstack_base_ptr %endmacro ;endregion Memory ;region Math ; returns: raccumulator = U64 ; Usage %macro min_S64 2 mov raccumulator, %1 cmp raccumulator, %2 cmovg raccumulator, %2 ; ConditionalMoveIfGreater %endmacro min_S64 ;endregion Math ;region Strings struc Str8 .ptr: resq 1 .len: resq 1 endstruc def_Slice Slice_Str8 ; Usage: lit %1: , %2: %macro lit 2 %%str_data: db %2 %%str_len: equ $ - %%str_data %1: istruc Str8 at Str8.ptr, dq %%str_data at Str8.len, dq %%str_len iend %endmacro section .data lit path_hello_files_asm, `./code/asm/hello_files.asm` ;endregion Strings ;region String Ops ;region str8_to_cstr_capped %push proc_scope ; result: rcounter = [UTF8] ; content: Str8 = { .ptr = rdata, .len = r8 } ; mem: r9 = [Slice_Byte] %define result rcounter %define content_ptr rdata %define content_len r8 %define mem r9 section .text str8_to_cstr_capped: push raccumulator push rdst_id push rsrc_id sub rstack_ptr, 8 ; U64 raccumulator = min(content.len, mem.len - 1); mov rsrc_id, qword [mem + Slice_Byte.len] sub rsrc_id, 1 min_S64 content_len, rsrc_id ; raccumulator has result ; memory_copy(mem.ptr, content.ptr, copy_len); mov rdst_id, qword [mem + Slice_Byte.ptr] mov rsrc_id, content_ptr mov rcounter, raccumulator call memory_copy ; mem.ptr[copy_len] = '\0'; mov rdst_id, qword [mem + Slice_Byte.ptr] mov byte [rdst_id + raccumulator], 0 ; return cast(char*, mem.ptr); mov result, qword [mem + Str8.ptr] add rstack_ptr, 8 pop rsrc_id pop rdst_id pop raccumulator ret %pop proc_scope ;endregion str8_to_cstr_capped ;endregion String Ops ;region WinAPI %define MS_INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE -1 %define MS_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL 0x00000080 %define MS_FILE_SHARE_READ 0x00000001 %define MS_GENERIC_READ 0x80000000 %define MS_OPEN_EXISTING 3 %define MS_STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE -11 %define wapi_shadow_space 32 ; kernel32.lib ; Process API extern CloseHandle extern ExitProcess extern GetLastError ; File API extern CreateFileA extern GetFileSizeEx extern ReadFile extern WriteFileA ; Console IO extern GetStdHandle extern WriteConsoleA struc wapi_ctbl .shadow: resq 4 ; 32 bytes for RCX, RDX, R8, R9 endstruc ; rcx: hObject struc CloseHandle_ctbl .shadow: resq 4 endstruc ; rcx: uExitCode struc ExitProcess_ctbl .shadow: resq 4 endstruc ; no args struc GetLastError_ctbl .shadow: resq 4 endstruc ; rcx: lpFileName ; rdx: dwDesiredAccess ; r8: dwShareMode ; r9: lpSecurityAttributes ; s1: dwCreationDisposition ; s2: dwFlagsAndAttributes ; s3: hTemplateFile ; NOTE: Even though the first two are DWORDs, on the stack they each ; occupy a full 8-byte slot in the x64 ABI. struc CreateFileA_ctbl .shadow: resq 4 .dwCreationDisposition: resq 1 .dwFlagsAndAttributes: resq 1 .hTemplateFile: resq 1 endstruc ; rcx: hFile ; rdx: lpFileSize struc GetFileSizeEx_ctbl .shadow: resq 4 endstruc ; rcx: hFile ; rdx: lpBuffer ; r8: nNumberOfBytesToRead ; r9: lpNumberOfBytesRead ; s1: lpOverlapped struc ReadFile_ctbl .shadow: resq 4 .lpOverlapped: resq 1 endstruc ; rcx: hFile ; rdx: lpBuffer ; r8: nNumberOfBytesToWrite ; r9: lpNumberOfBytesWritten ; s1: lpOverlapped struc WriteFileA_ctbl .shadow: resq 4 .lpOverlapped: resq 1 endstruc struc FileOpInfo .content: resb Slice_Byte_size endstruc ; rcx: nStdHandle struc GetStdHandle_ctbl .shadow: resq 4 endstruc ; rcx: hConsoleOutput ; rdx: lpBuffer ; r8: nNumberOfCharsToWrite ; r9: lpNumberOfCharsWritten ; s1: lpReserved struc WriteConsoleA_ctbl .shadow: resq 4 .lpReserved: resq 1 .lpNumberOfCharsWritten: resq 1 endstruc section .data std_out_hndl dq 0 ;endregion WinAPI ;region file_read_contents %push proc_scope ; Reg allocation: ; result: rcounter = [FileOpInfo] ; path: Slice_Str8 = { .ptr = rdata, .len = r8 } ; backing: r9 = [Slice_Byte] %define result rcounter %define path_ptr rdata %define path_len r8 %define backing r9 section .text file_read_contents: ; validation assert_not_null result slice_assert backing slice_assert path_ptr, path_len ; save registers push rbase ; id_file push r12 ; result push r13 ; backing push r14 ; file_size mov r12, result mov r13, backing %define result r12 %define backing r13 ; rcounter = str8_to_cstr_capped(path, slice_fmem(scratch)); ; We're using backing to store the cstr temporarily until ReadFile. call str8_to_cstr_capped ; (rdata, r8, r9) ; path_cstr = rcounter; path_len has will be discarded in the CreateFileA call %define path_cstr rcounter cf_ctbl CreateFileA ; call-frame CreateFileA { ; rcounter = path_cstr mov rdata_32, MS_GENERIC_READ ; dwDesiredAccess = MS_GENERIC_READ mov r8_32, MS_FILE_SHARE_READ ; dwShareMode = MS_FILE_SHARE_READ xor r9, r9 ; lpSecurityAttributes = nullptr mov qword [rstack_ptr + CreateFileA_ctbl.dwCreationDisposition], MS_OPEN_EXISTING ; stack.ptr[.dwCreationDisposition] = MS_OPEN_EXISTING mov qword [rstack_ptr + CreateFileA_ctbl.dwFlagsAndAttributes ], MS_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL ; stack.ptr[.dwFlagsAndAttributes ] = MS_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL mov qword [rstack_ptr + CreateFileA_ctbl.hTemplateFile ], nullptr ; stack.ptr[.hTemplateFile ] = nullptr call CreateFileA ; CreateFileA <- rcounter, rdata, r8, r9, stack cf_end ; } ; B32 open_failed = raccumulator == MS_INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ; if (open_failed) goto %%.error_exit assert_cmp jne, raccumulator, MS_INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE je .error_exit mov rbase, raccumulator ; rbase = id_file %define id_file rbase cf_ctbl GetFileSizeEx ; call-frame GetFileSizeEx { mov rcounter, id_file ; rcounter = id_file lea rdata, [result + FileOpInfo.content + Slice_Byte.len] ; lpFileSize = result.content.len call GetFileSizeEx ; GetFileSizeEx <- rcounter, rdata, stack cf_end ; } ; B32 not_enough_backing = result.content.len > backing.len ; if (not_enough_backing) goto .error_close_handle mov r8, [backing + Slice_Byte.len] ; r8 = backing.len mov r9, [result + FileOpInfo.content + Slice_Byte.len] ; r9 = result.content.len assert_cmp jle, r9, r8 ; r9 <= r8 jg .error_close_handle ; if (flagged greater) goto .error_close_handle ; MS_BOOL get_size_failed = ! raccumulator ; if (get_size_failed) goto .error_exit assert_cmp jne, raccumulator, false ; raccumulator != false je .error_close_handle ; if (flagged equal) goto .error_close_handle %define file_size r14d mov r14d, r9d cf_ctbl ReadFile ; call-frame ReadFile { mov rcounter, id_file ; hfile: rcounter = rbase mov rdata, [backing + Slice_Byte.ptr ] ; lpBuffer: rdata = backing.ptr mov r8_32, file_size ; nNumberOfBytesToRead: r8_32 = file_size lea r9, [result + FileOpInfo.content + Slice_Byte.len] ; lpNumberOfBytesRead: r9 = & result.content.len mov qword [rstack_ptr + ReadFile_ctbl.lpOverlapped], 0 ; lpOverlapped: nullptr call ReadFile ; ReadFile <- rcounter, rata, r8, r9, stack cf_end ; } ; B32 read_failed = ! read_result ; if (read_failed) goto .error_exit assert_cmp jnz, raccumulator, false je .error_exit ; read_failed |= amount_read != result.content.len ; if (read_failed) goto .error_exit mov r9, qword [result + FileOpInfo.content + Slice_Byte.len] assert_cmp je, file_size, r9d jne .error_close_handle ; CloseHandle(id_file) cf_ctbl CloseHandle ; call-frame CloseHandle { mov rcounter, id_file ; rcounter = id_file (rbase) call CloseHandle ; CloseHandle <- rcounter, stack cf_end ; } ; reslt.content.ptr = raccumulator mov raccumulator, [backing + Slice_Byte.ptr] ; raccumulator = backing.ptr mov [result + FileOpInfo.content + Slice_Byte.ptr], raccumulator ; result.content.ptr = raccumulator jmp .cleanup ; goto .cleanup .error_close_handle: cf_ctbl CloseHandle ; call-frame CloseHandle { mov rcounter, rbase ; rcounter = id_file (rbase) call CloseHandle ; CloseHandle <- rcounter, stack cf_end ; } .error_exit: ; result = {} mov qword [result + FileOpInfo.content + Slice_Byte.ptr], 0 mov qword [result + FileOpInfo.content + Slice_Byte.len], 0 .cleanup: pop r14 ; file_size pop backing pop result pop id_file ; restore registers ret section .bss ; local_persist raw_scratch : [64 * kilo]byte file_read_contents.raw_scratch: resb 64 * kilo file_read_contents.path_cstr: resq 1 section .data ; local_persist scratch = fmem_slice(raw_scratch) file_read_contents.scratch: istruc Slice_Byte at Slice_Byte.ptr, dq file_read_contents.raw_scratch at Slice_Byte.len, dq 64 * kilo iend %pop proc_scope ;endregion file_read_contents section .text global main %push proc_scope main: xor rcx, rcx cf_ctbl GetStdHandle ; call-frame GetStdHandle { mov rcounter_32, MS_STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE ; rcounter.32 = MS_STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE call GetStdHandle ; GetStdHandle <- rcounter, stack cf_end ; } mov [std_out_hndl], raccumulator ; std_out_hndl = raccumulator %push calling cf ; call-frame file_read_contents { cf_alloc Slice_Byte_size ; stack local_backing : Slice_byte cf_commit %define local_backing rsp + Slice_Byte_size mov qword [local_backing + Slice_Byte.ptr], read_mem ; local_backing.ptr = read_mem.ptr mov qword [local_backing + Slice_Byte.len], Mem_128k_size ; local_backing.len = Mem_128k_size lea rcounter, file ; rcounter = file.ptr mov rdata, [path_hello_files_asm + Str8.ptr] ; rdata = path_hello_files.ptr mov r8, [path_hello_files_asm + Str8.len] ; r8 = path_hello_files.len lea r9, [local_backing] ; r9 = & local_backing call file_read_contents ; read_file_contents <- rcounter, rdata, r8, r9, stack cf_end ; } %pop calling cf_ctbl WriteConsoleA ; call-frame WriteConsoleA { mov rcounter, [std_out_hndl] ; rcounter = std_out_hndl mov rdata, [file + FileOpInfo.content + Slice_Byte.ptr] ; rdata = file.content.ptr mov r8_32, [file + FileOpInfo.content + Slice_Byte.len] ; r8 = file.content.len lea r9, [rstack_ptr + WriteConsoleA_ctbl.lpNumberOfCharsWritten] ; r9 = & stack.ptr[WriteFileA.ctbl.lpNumberOfCharsWritten] mov qword [rstack_ptr + WriteConsoleA_ctbl.lpReserved], nullptr ; stack.ptr[.ctbl.lpRserved] = nullptr call WriteConsoleA ; WriteConsoleA <- rcounter, rdata, r9, stack cf_end cf_ctbl ExitProcess ; call-frame ExitProcess { xor ecx, ecx ; ecx = 0 call ExitProcess ; ExitProcess <- rcx, stack cf_end ; } ret %pop proc_scope section .bss read_mem: resb Mem_128k_size ; internal global read_mem: Mem_128k file: resb FileOpInfo_size ; internal global file: FileOpInfo